CN113984495A - An Accuracy Verification Method of High Temperature Non-contact Deformation Measurement - Google Patents
An Accuracy Verification Method of High Temperature Non-contact Deformation Measurement Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/161—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by interferometric means
- G01B11/162—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by interferometric means by speckle- or shearing interferometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature non-contact deformation measurement precision inspection method, which comprises the following steps: preparing a plate type creep sample with lugs, and preparing high-temperature speckles matched with a field of view of a non-contact deformation measuring device to be detected on the surface; tracking the relative displacement of the lugs; mounting a creep test sample on a permanent creep testing machine, applying pretightening force and heating; carrying out graded loading on a creep sample, and acquiring digital images by using a non-contact deformation measuring device after loading to obtain reference images and images corresponding to all loads; calculating the displacement of a sample gauge length section in the loading process, and dividing the displacement by the pixel length of the gauge length section to obtain a strain measurement value; tracking the displacement of the lug in the loading process, and dividing the displacement by the length of the gauge length section to obtain a strain comparison value; and obtaining strain measurement values and strain comparison values of different load levels through multi-stage loading, calculating absolute errors and relative errors, and determining the precision grade of the strain measurement values and the strain comparison values. The method of the invention can generate multi-level strain level for precision inspection under high temperature atmosphere environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metrological inspection, and relates to a high-temperature non-contact deformation measurement precision verification method.
Background
The strain measurement is an important link in the mechanical property test of the material. At present, the deformation measurement technology under the high-temperature environment generally adopts a traditional contact measurement method. However, in a high temperature environment above 1000 ℃, the application of the conventional contact method is greatly limited, which is shown as follows: the high-temperature extensometer has short service life and high price, and cannot measure working conditions of small gauge length and large deformation; the high-temperature strain gauge is difficult to adhere in a high-temperature environment, poor in reliability and high in price, so that the test cost is high. The non-contact deformation measurement method is generally based on the optical principle, has the advantages of full-field measurement, high precision, easiness in automation realization and the like, and has a good application prospect in the mechanical property test of materials at ultrahigh temperature. At present, optical non-contact measurement methods applied to deformation measurement in a high temperature environment mainly include Digital Image Correlation (DIC), Electronic Speckle Interferometry (ESPI), Moire Interferometry (MI), Coherent Gradient Sensing Interferometry (CGS), and the like. The digital image correlation method is an optical non-contact measurement method which is most widely applied in a high-temperature environment at present by virtue of the advantages of a test device, simplicity and convenience in operation, high measurement precision, high data processing efficiency, wide application range and the like.
The accuracy and precision of strain measurement in the mechanical property test of materials are strictly required, and most room temperature tests require that the precision of the strain measurement reaches B-1 level (ASTM E83 (Standard and Classification of extensometers)) or 0.5 level (JJG 762 (Standard of the calibration of extensometers)). At present, a non-contact deformation measurement system based on a digital image correlation method is not standardized, and most verification tests adopt rigid body translation experiments for verification. This method has several problems in characterizing measurement errors: the rigid body translation is used for measuring actual displacement, the digital image correlation method is used for measuring pixel displacement, a proportionality coefficient is needed between the rigid body translation and the digital image correlation method for establishing a corresponding relation, and certain errors may be introduced by the determination of the proportionality coefficient; in addition, the rigid body translation does not generate strain, and the measurement accuracy of the non-contact measurement system at a plurality of strain levels cannot be effectively verified. For the precision inspection of a digital image correlation method in a high-temperature environment, an optical window of a high-temperature furnace is generally difficult to be compatible with a high-temperature extensometer, and the measurement contrast of deformation is difficult to be developed.
Another difficulty with digital image correlation methods for precision inspection in high temperature environments is the preparation of standard speckles. The current research shows that the size, density, contrast, randomness and other characteristics of speckles have great influence on the measurement accuracy, and the speckles adapted to different fields of view have different sizes. The preparation of high temperature speckles is not mature at present. Therefore, establishing a set of standard high-quality speckles in a high-temperature environment is very important for evaluating the measurement accuracy of a digital image correlation system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned circumstances of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for high-temperature non-contact deformation measurement precision verification that can generate multiple levels of strain for precision verification in a high-temperature atmospheric environment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-temperature non-contact deformation measurement precision verification method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a plate type creep sample with lugs, and preparing high-temperature speckles matched with a field of view of a non-contact deformation measuring device to be calibrated on the surface of the creep sample;
(2) sleeving a ceramic lantern ring on a lug of a creep sample, connecting the ceramic lantern ring with a ceramic rod, and tracking the relative displacement of the lug;
(3) mounting a creep test sample on a creep endurance testing machine, applying pretightening force, and heating by adopting a high-temperature furnace with an optical observation window;
(4) carrying out graded loading on a creep sample by adopting weights to generate multi-level true strain for precision inspection of a non-contact deformation measuring device, and acquiring digital images by using the non-contact deformation measuring device after loading to obtain reference images and images corresponding to all loads;
(5) calculating the displacement of a sample gauge length section in the loading process, and dividing the displacement by the pixel length of the gauge length section to obtain a strain measurement value;
(6) tracking the displacement of the lug in the loading process, and dividing the displacement by the length of the gauge length section to obtain a strain comparison value;
(7) and obtaining strain measurement values and strain comparison values of different load levels through multi-stage loading, calculating absolute errors and relative errors, and determining the precision grade of the strain measurement values and the strain comparison values.
In the step (1), the preparation of the high-temperature speckles comprises the steps of selecting proper speckle particle size and density according to the size of a view field of a non-contact deformation measuring device to be calibrated, simulating to generate a virtual speckle pattern, printing the speckle pattern on the plastic package cloth, and corroding the plastic package cloth by using a corrosive liquid; and adhering the corroded plastic packaging cloth to the surface of the sample, coating the high-temperature speckles on the surface of the sample, firmly adhering and curing, and removing the plastic packaging cloth to obtain the high-temperature speckles with good performances. Therefore, speckles with different particle sizes can be prepared according to different conditions of different fields of view of different equipment to be detected, and a set of standard high-quality speckles in a high-temperature environment can be established.
Preferably, the speckle particle size is the actual size corresponding to 4 pixels in CCD imaging, and the speckle density range is 30-80%. The virtual speckle pattern can be generated by matlab software and the like according to the selected parameters such as the size of speckle grains, the speckle density and the like.
In the step (2), the relative displacement of the ceramic rod is tracked by using the displacement sensor in the loading process, and the ceramic lantern ring is clamped at the side position, so that the optical measurement path can be prevented from being shielded.
The non-contact deformation measuring device to be calibrated comprises a non-contact deformation measuring device based on a digital image correlation method, an electronic speckle interferometry, a moire interferometry and a coherent gradient sensitive interferometry.
The method of the invention can generate multi-level strain level for precision inspection under high temperature atmosphere environment. In addition, aiming at the condition that the field of view of different equipment to be detected is different, the method can prepare speckles with different particle sizes according to the field of view. The method is mainly used for precision inspection when the digital image correlation method measures engineering strain in a high-temperature environment below 1500 ℃, and can also be used for precision inspection of measurement methods such as a high-temperature dense grid moire interference method and laser speckle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a measurement accuracy testing method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a lug creep test sample used in the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The invention provides a precision verification method for high-temperature non-contact deformation measurement, wherein FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a measurement precision verification method of the invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for realizing the method of the invention. As shown in the figure, the method of the present invention comprises the steps of:
s1: preparing a plate type creep sample 2 with lugs, and preparing standard high-temperature speckles 3 on the surface of the sample, wherein the high-temperature speckles 3 are matched with the field of view of a non-contact deformation measuring device to be verified.
S11: the lug creep test samples used in the present invention were prepared by machining and are shown in FIG. 3.
S12: and determining parameters such as the size of speckle grains and the speckle density, and generating a virtual speckle pattern in the matlab. Wherein the speckle particle size is the actual size corresponding to 4 pixels in CCD imaging, and the speckle density range is 30-80%.
S13: printing a speckle pattern on the plastic package cloth according to the generated virtual speckle pattern, and corroding the plastic package cloth by using a corrosive liquid; and sticking the corroded plastic package cloth on the surface of the sample. And coating the high-temperature speckles on the surface of the sample, firmly adhering and curing, and removing the plastic packaging cloth to obtain the high-temperature speckles with good performances.
S2: the ceramic lantern ring is sleeved on a lug of the creep sample, the lantern ring is connected with the ceramic rod, the displacement sensor is used for tracking the relative displacement of the lug, and the ceramic lantern ring, the ceramic connecting rod, the displacement sensor and the like form a deformation tracking sensor 5.
S3: and (3) mounting the creep test sample on a creep testing machine, applying pretightening force, and heating by adopting a high-temperature furnace 4 with an optical observation window.
S4: and (3) carrying out graded loading on the creep sample by adopting weights, and acquiring a digital image of the surface of the sample by utilizing a non-contact deformation measuring device to be calibrated after loading to obtain a reference image and images corresponding to all loads.
S5: and calculating the displacement of the sample gauge length section in the loading process, and dividing the displacement by the pixel length of the gauge length section to obtain a strain measurement value.
S6: and acquiring the average strain of the working area of the sample by using the ceramic rod and the displacement sensor as a strain reference value.
S7: and obtaining strain measurement values and strain comparison values of different load levels through multi-stage loading.
The following description will specifically take a non-contact deformation measuring device to be verified as a deformation measuring device based on a digital image correlation method as an example.
(1) And determining test parameters required by a high-temperature mechanical property test to be carried out, wherein the test temperature is 800 ℃, the field of view is 24mm multiplied by 32mm, and the resolution of the CCD camera is 200 ten thousand pixels.
(2) And determining the speckle size and the speckle density of a test piece to be printed according to the size of the field of view and the resolution of the CCD camera, wherein if the speckle size of the test is 0.2mm, the speckle density is 50%.
(3) And inputting the speckle size and speckle density parameters in a virtual speckle generating program to generate a virtual speckle pattern.
(4) Printing a speckle pattern on the plastic packaging cloth, corroding the plastic packaging cloth by using a corrosive liquid, and sticking the corroded plastic packaging cloth on the surface of the sample. And coating the high-temperature speckles on the surface of the sample, firmly adhering and curing, and removing the plastic packaging cloth to obtain the high-temperature speckles with good performances.
(5) And (3) mounting the creep test sample on a creep testing machine, applying pretightening force, and heating by adopting a high-temperature furnace with an optical observation window.
(6) The digital image correlation method deformation measurement system to be inspected is built and comprises a digital CCD (or CMOS) camera, a lens, a light source, a signal controller, image analysis equipment, a pneumatic device and the like.
(7) The load rating is determined based on the lug specimen material strength at the test temperature. And (4) carrying out graded loading by adopting weights, and acquiring digital images after loading to obtain reference images and images corresponding to all loads.
(8) And selecting a sub-area with good speckle quality as a tracking area near the upper and lower gauge length lines. Calculating the displacement of an upper sub-area and a lower sub-area in the loading process by using a digital image correlation method, and dividing the difference of the sub-area pixel displacement by the pixel length of a gauge length section to obtain a strain measurement value;
(9) and tracking the displacement of the lugs by using a deformation tracking sensor in the loading process, averaging the displacement difference of the left lug and the right lug, and obtaining a strain comparison value according to the length of a gauge length section.
(10) The loading is carried out by 10 grades, the weight of 10kg is added each time until the weight reaches 100kg, and then the unloading is carried out. And recording the strain measured value and the strain reference value corresponding to each stage of load in the loading and unloading processes.
(11) And comparing the obtained strain measurement value under the 10-level load level result with a control value, and further determining the precision of the measuring system. For example, the maximum absolute error of the test system at 800 ℃ is 136 microstrain, which is rated B-2 in ASTM E83.
Claims (8)
1. A precision inspection method for high-temperature non-contact deformation measurement comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a plate type creep sample with lugs, and preparing high-temperature speckles matched with a field of view of a non-contact deformation measuring device to be calibrated on the surface of the creep sample;
(2) sleeving a ceramic lantern ring on a lug of a creep sample, connecting the ceramic lantern ring with a ceramic rod, and tracking the relative displacement of the lug;
(3) mounting a creep test sample on a creep endurance testing machine, applying pretightening force, and heating;
(4) carrying out graded loading on a creep sample, and acquiring digital images by using a non-contact deformation measuring device after loading to obtain reference images and images corresponding to all loads;
(5) calculating the displacement of a sample gauge length section in the loading process, and dividing the displacement by the pixel length of the gauge length section to obtain a strain measurement value;
(6) tracking the displacement of the lug in the loading process, and dividing the displacement by the length of the gauge length section to obtain a strain comparison value;
(7) and obtaining strain measurement values and strain comparison values of different load levels through multi-stage loading, calculating absolute errors and relative errors, and determining the precision grade of the strain measurement values and the strain comparison values.
2. The method for testing the precision of high-temperature non-contact deformation measurement according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the preparation of the high-temperature speckles comprises the steps of selecting proper speckle particle size and density according to the size of a view field of a non-contact deformation measurement device to be tested, simulating to generate a virtual speckle pattern, printing the speckle pattern on the plastic package cloth, and corroding the plastic package cloth by using a corrosive liquid; and adhering the corroded plastic packaging cloth to the surface of the sample, coating the high-temperature speckles on the surface of the sample, firmly adhering and curing, and removing the plastic packaging cloth to obtain the high-temperature speckles with good performances.
3. The method for testing the precision of high temperature non-contact deformation measurement according to claim 2, wherein the speckle particle size is the actual size corresponding to 4 pixels in CCD imaging, and the speckle density is in the range of 30% to 80%.
4. The method for accuracy testing of high temperature non-contact deformation measurement according to claim 2, wherein the virtual speckle pattern is generated using matlab software based on the selected speckle grain size and density.
5. The method for testing the precision of high-temperature non-contact deformation measurement according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a displacement sensor is used for tracking the relative displacement of the ceramic rod in the loading process, and the ceramic lantern ring is clamped in a side position to avoid shielding an optical measurement path.
6. The method for checking the accuracy of high-temperature non-contact deformation measurement according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the heating is performed using a high-temperature furnace with an optical observation window.
7. The method for testing the accuracy of high-temperature non-contact deformation measurement according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the step loading is performed by using weights, thereby generating multi-level true strain for the accuracy test of the non-contact deformation measuring device.
8. The method for testing the accuracy of high temperature non-contact deformation measurement according to claim 1, wherein the non-contact deformation measuring device to be verified comprises a non-contact deformation measuring device based on digital image correlation, electronic speckle interferometry, moire interferometry, coherent gradient sensitive interferometry.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114877855A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-08-09 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | High-temperature strain testing and calibrating method for high-temperature strain sensor |
| CN115655555A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-31 | 北京航空航天大学 | Fastener pretightening force measuring method based on laser speckle correlation method |
| CN119124842A (en) * | 2024-11-15 | 2024-12-13 | 兰州大学 | Mechanical response test method of high temperature superconducting Roebel single strip |
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| CN119124842A (en) * | 2024-11-15 | 2024-12-13 | 兰州大学 | Mechanical response test method of high temperature superconducting Roebel single strip |
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