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CN113977078B - Handheld laser welding device and method for cooperatively controlling laser position and power - Google Patents

Handheld laser welding device and method for cooperatively controlling laser position and power Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113977078B
CN113977078B CN202111239908.4A CN202111239908A CN113977078B CN 113977078 B CN113977078 B CN 113977078B CN 202111239908 A CN202111239908 A CN 202111239908A CN 113977078 B CN113977078 B CN 113977078B
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power
laser
laser beam
control instruction
galvanometer
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CN113977078A (en
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沈健
李文琦
马伟
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Changzhou Telma Technology Co ltd
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Changzhou Telma Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702Auxiliary equipment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a handheld laser welding device and a method for cooperatively controlling laser position and power. The hand-held laser welding apparatus includes: a laser light source configured to emit a laser beam under the control of a light source controller; the galvanometer reflects the laser beam and is connected to the galvanometer motor, the galvanometer motor drives the galvanometer to reciprocate under the control of the motor controller, and the reflected laser beam reciprocates in a swinging range; and a central controller configured to control the light source controller and the motor controller such that: the laser beam has a first power when at a first position farther from the center of oscillation and a second power when at a second position closer to the center of oscillation, the first power being lower than the second power. By the scheme, relatively uniform energy distribution can be obtained on the workpiece along the swing track of the laser beam, the problem of overhigh energy at the edges of two sides of the swing track is solved, and uniform welding seams and better welding quality are obtained.

Description

Handheld laser welding device and method for cooperatively controlling laser position and power
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a handheld laser welding device and a control method thereof.
Background
The laser welding is realized by melting the base metal by using the extremely high energy at the focusing point of the laser, and has the advantages of high welding speed, small thermal deformation area, simple operation and the like. In recent years, hand-held laser welding apparatuses have been increasingly used. However, the seam is larger when the sheet metal parts are spliced due to manufacturing errors, and the laser focus is very small, so that the welding of a larger welding seam cannot be satisfied. The prior art provides for adding one or more vibrating mirrors to the interior of a hand-held laser welding apparatus to enable the laser focus to oscillate within a certain range. The most widely used is the Shan Zhenjing yaw hand-held laser welding apparatus. However, since the focus swings reciprocally, both sides of the focus deflection track are repeatedly irradiated with laser light in a very short time, so that excessive energy is absorbed, welding defects such as undercut are easily caused, and the weld forming quality is poor.
Therefore, in practice, it is desirable to provide a handheld laser welding apparatus and a control method thereof that can improve the weld forming quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a handheld laser welding device and a control method thereof, which are used for solving the problem of uneven laser energy distribution and improving the weld joint formation quality by cooperatively controlling the position and the power of a laser beam.
In a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a hand-held laser welding apparatus comprising: a laser light source configured to emit a laser beam under the control of a light source controller; the galvanometer reflects the laser beam and is connected to the galvanometer motor, the galvanometer motor drives the galvanometer to reciprocate under the control of the motor controller, and the reflected laser beam reciprocates in a swinging range; and a central controller configured to control the light source controller and the motor controller such that: the laser beam has a first power when at a first position farther from the center of oscillation and a second power when at a second position closer to the center of oscillation, the first power being lower than the second power.
By the scheme, as the laser beam swings forward, the superposition degree of adjacent laser beam spots far away from the swinging center position is larger, but the laser power is smaller, the accumulated laser power near the position is not too high and is similar to the accumulated laser power near the swinging center position, so that relatively uniform energy distribution can be obtained on a workpiece along the swinging track of the laser beam, the problem of too high energy at two side edges of the swinging track can be solved, and a more uniform welding seam and better welding quality can be obtained.
Alternatively, the power of the laser beam is gradually increased from both sides of the swing range to the center of the swing range.
Alternatively, the power of the laser beam increases linearly from both sides of the swing range to the center of the swing range.
Optionally, the angle of the swing range is divided into a plurality of angle segments, and the power of the laser beam in each angle segment is the same.
Alternatively, the plurality of angle segments may be equally spaced or non-equally spaced.
Optionally, the central controller is configured to control the light source controller and the motor controller to synchronously implement the first position and the first power of the laser beam and to synchronously implement the second position and the second power of the laser beam.
Optionally, the handheld laser welding apparatus further comprises: a collimator lens for deflecting a divergent light beam emitted from the laser light source into a parallel light beam, and a galvanometer for reflecting the parallel light beam; and a focusing lens that deflects the reflected parallel light beam into a converging light beam that is projected to the workpiece to be welded.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method of a hand-held laser welding apparatus, comprising the steps of:
-the central controller issuing laser power control commands and galvanometer oscillation control commands;
-a light source controller receiving the laser power control instruction, controlling a laser light source to emit a laser beam;
-a motor controller receives the oscillating mirror oscillation control instruction, controls an oscillating mirror motor to drive an oscillating mirror to oscillate reciprocally, and reflects a laser beam to oscillate reciprocally within an oscillation range;
wherein the laser power control instruction and the galvanometer oscillation control instruction are configured such that: the laser beam has a first power when at a first position farther from the center of oscillation and a second power when at a second position closer to the center of oscillation, the first power being lower than the second power.
By the scheme, relatively uniform energy distribution can be obtained on the workpiece along the swing track of the laser beam, so that the problem of overhigh energy at the edges of two sides of the swing track can be solved, and a more uniform welding seam and better welding quality can be obtained.
Optionally, in the method, the laser power control instructions and galvanometer oscillation control instructions are configured such that: the power of the laser beam is gradually increased from both sides of the swing range to the center of the swing range.
Optionally, in the method, the laser power control instructions and galvanometer oscillation control instructions are configured such that: the power of the laser beam increases linearly from both sides of the swing range to the center of the swing range.
Optionally, in the method, the laser power control instructions and galvanometer oscillation control instructions are configured such that: the angle of the swing range is divided into a plurality of angle segments, and the power of the laser beam in each angle segment is the same.
Alternatively, in the method, the plurality of angle segments may be equally spaced or non-equally spaced.
Optionally, in the method, the central controller issues a laser power control command and a galvanometer oscillation control command to synchronously implement a first position and a first power of the laser beam and synchronously implement a second position and a second power of the laser beam.
Optionally, the control method may further include the steps of:
-the central controller issuing a first galvanometer oscillation control command and a first laser power control command;
the motor controller receives a first vibrating mirror swing control instruction, controls the vibrating mirror motor to rotate, and drives the vibrating mirror to rotate to a first angle;
-the light source controller receives a first laser power control instruction, controls the laser light source to emit a first laser beam at a first power, the first laser beam being reflected by the galvanometer at a first angle to the surface of the workpiece, the first laser beam being at a first position further from the centre of oscillation;
-the central controller issuing a second galvanometer oscillation control command and a second laser power control command;
the motor controller receives a second vibrating mirror swinging control instruction, controls the vibrating mirror motor to rotate, and drives the vibrating mirror to rotate to a second angle;
the light source controller receives a second laser power control instruction and controls the laser light source to emit a second laser beam at a second power higher than the first power, the second laser beam is reflected to the surface of the workpiece by the vibrating mirror at a second angle, the second laser beam is at a second position closer to the swinging center, and the power of the second laser beam is higher than that of the first laser beam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a hand-held laser welding apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the interface of the laser beam of the hand-held laser welding apparatus with the workpiece;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of laser power and galvanometer angle cooperative control in accordance with the invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a hand-held laser welding apparatus according to the invention.
Reference numerals: 1, a laser light source; 2 a collimating lens; 3, vibrating mirror; 4, vibrating mirror motor; a focusing lens 5; 6, a central controller; 7, a motor controller; and 8, a light source controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, aspects and advantages of the technical solution of the present invention more apparent, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described hereinafter with reference to the schematic drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, terms used herein have the meaning common in the art. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like parts.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a handheld welding device according to an embodiment of the invention, which mainly comprises a laser light source 1, a collimator lens 2, a galvanometer 3, a galvanometer motor 4, a focusing lens 5, etc. The laser light source 1 emits a laser beam, which is a divergent beam. The collimator lens 2 receives the divergent light beam and deflects it into a parallel light beam. The galvanometer 3 has a reflecting surface that is disposed in the optical path of the parallel light beam so as to reflect it at an angle. The focusing lens 5 receives the reflected parallel light beam and deflects it into a converging light beam, which is converged to a focal point and projected onto the surface of the workpiece to be welded for heating, melting and welding the workpiece. The galvanometer motor 4 is connected to the galvanometer 5 for driving the galvanometer 4 to oscillate reciprocally about the axis X, the oscillating galvanometer 4 causing the outgoing direction of the laser beam to oscillate reciprocally.
Fig. 2 shows an enlarged view of the interface of the laser beam and the welding workpiece. The joint of the two workpieces being welded has a gap G. As described above, the laser beam S emitted from the hand-held welding apparatus is reciprocated by the galvanometer 3 between the first angular position and the second angular position with a swing angle θ therebetween, which coincides with the swing angle of the galvanometer 3. As the laser beam oscillates, the spot of the laser beam acting on the workpiece moves across the gap G from a first end point on the first workpiece to a second end point on the second workpiece, forming a first locus J1; then, the workpiece is moved from the second end point to the third end point on the first workpiece in a reverse direction across the gap G to form a second track J2, and the second track J2 is reciprocated to form a welding area covering the gap of the workpiece, and finally, a welding seam is formed. Near the joint position of the first track J1 and the second track J2, the distance between the first track J1 and the second track J2 is gradually reduced to zero, and the corresponding light spot positions are also gradually overlapped to be completely overlapped, so that the edge region of the welding seam is repeatedly irradiated by laser in a short time, and the workpiece material is overheated to generate welding defects such as undercut.
To overcome the above problems, the present invention proposes to cooperatively control the position and energy of the laser beam, i.e., the laser beam energy decreases when the laser beam is moved to the edge position, and the laser beam energy increases when the laser beam is moved to the intermediate position, thereby forming an overall uniform laser energy distribution on the workpiece material, resulting in a weld of better quality.
Fig. 3 shows a graph of correspondence between laser power and galvanometer angle according to an embodiment of the invention. The horizontal axis is the vibrating mirror angle, the vertical axis is the laser power under each vibrating mirror angle, and the laser power is minimum at the two side positions, namely when the vibrating mirror angle is 0 or theta; the laser power is maximum at the middle position, namely when the angle of the vibrating mirror is theta/2; from the two side positions to the middle position, the laser power is gradually increased, preferably, may be linearly increased. In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the galvanometer angle θ may be divided into ten equal-length angle segments, the laser power in the same angle segment is the same, the laser powers in different angle segments are different, and the laser powers gradually increase as the positions are far from both sides and the positions are near to the middle. In other embodiments, the galvanometer angle θ may be divided into a plurality of angle segments of different lengths, the laser power in the same angle segment is the same, the laser power in different angle segments is different, and the laser power increases gradually as moving away from the two side positions and moving closer to the middle position.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a handheld welding device capable of implementing the power control scheme of the present invention, which essentially comprises: a central controller 6, a motor controller 7, a galvanometer motor 5, a galvanometer 3, a light source controller 8 and a laser light source 1. The motor controller 7 is configured to control the galvanometer motor 5 to rotate according to a specific motion parameter so as to drive the galvanometer 3 to oscillate reciprocally within the angle θ. The light source controller 8 is configured to control the laser light source 1 to emit laser light at a specific power parameter to output a laser beam having a specific power. The central controller 6 is configured to control the motor controller 7 to cooperate with the light source controller 8, by which is meant that-the output power of the laser light source 1 corresponds to the oscillation angle of the galvanometer 3, the output power near the boundary of the oscillation range is low, and the output power near the center of the oscillation range is high.
In a specific embodiment, the central controller 6 may be a PLC control system, which has an acquisition module and a control module, where the acquisition module may receive setting parameters from a host computer system, and may also receive monitoring data from a monitoring system. The control module sequentially sends a series of vibrating mirror swinging control instructions to the motor controller 7 according to a preset mode so as to change the swinging angle of the vibrating mirror; and issues a series of laser power control instructions to the light source controller 8 to vary the power of the laser beam. Wherein each of the series of laser power control commands includes laser power information corresponding to one or more of the series of galvanometer oscillation control commands. For example, as shown in fig. 3, a series of galvanometer oscillation control instructions control galvanometer 3 to oscillate from 0 degrees to θ degrees through a plurality of angular positions, causing the laser beam to move from one end position to the other end position of the oscillation amplitude; correspondingly, 10 laser power control instructions form a series which is sequentially sent out, wherein each laser power control instruction corresponds to one tenth of the angle theta, and the laser power realized by each laser power control instruction is sequentially increased in the first 5 instructions and sequentially decreased in the last 5 instructions.
The handheld welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention may implement the following control method, which includes:
step S1: the central controller 6 sends out a laser power control command and a galvanometer swing control command;
step S2: the light source controller 8 receives the laser power control instruction and controls the laser light source 1 to emit a laser beam;
step S3: the motor controller 7 receives the vibrating mirror swinging control instruction, controls the vibrating mirror motor 5 to drive the vibrating mirror 3 to swing reciprocally, and reflects the laser beam to swing reciprocally in a swinging range;
in particular, the laser power control instructions and galvanometer oscillation control instructions are configured such that: the laser beam has a first power when at a first position farther from the center of oscillation and a second power when at a second position closer to the center of oscillation, the first power being lower than the second power.
In a specific embodiment, the laser power control instruction and the galvanometer oscillation control instruction may be issued in parallel; can also send in series, as long as can realize the cooperative control of galvanometer position and laser power, all fall into this patent protection scope.
In a specific embodiment, the laser power control command may correspond to the galvanometer oscillation control command one-to-one, that is, each time a galvanometer oscillation control command is issued, that is, one laser power control command is issued correspondingly, so as to change the power of the laser beam; in addition, the laser power control instruction can correspond to the vibrating mirror swing control instruction in a one-to-many mode, namely, each group of vibrating mirror swing control instructions are sent out, namely, one laser power control instruction is correspondingly sent out, so that the power of a laser beam is changed, and only the cooperative control of the vibrating mirror position and the laser power can be realized, and the laser power control instruction falls into the protection scope of the patent.
The handheld welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention may further implement the following control method, which includes:
step 1: the central controller 6 sends a first vibrating mirror swing control instruction to the motor controller 7 and sends a first laser power control instruction to the light source controller 8;
step 2: the motor controller 7 controls the vibrating mirror motor 4 to rotate according to the first vibrating mirror swing control instruction to drive the vibrating mirror 3 to rotate to a first angle;
step 3: the light source controller 8 controls the laser light source 1 to work according to a first laser power control instruction, and emits a first laser beam with first power, wherein the first laser beam is reflected by the vibrating mirror 3 at a first angle;
step 4: the central controller 6 sends a second vibrating mirror swing control instruction to the motor controller 7 and sends a second laser power control instruction to the light source controller 8;
step 5: the motor controller 7 controls the vibrating mirror motor 4 to rotate according to the second vibrating mirror swing control instruction to drive the vibrating mirror 3 to rotate to a second angle;
step 6: the light source controller controls the laser light source 1 to work according to a second laser power control instruction, and emits a second laser beam with a second power, wherein the second laser beam is reflected by the vibrating mirror 3 at a second angle, and the second power is different from the first power.
In particular, the first laser beam is in a first position and the second laser beam is in a second position, the first position being closer to the boundary of the swing range and further from the center of the swing range than the second position, and accordingly, the power of the first laser beam is lower than the power of the second laser beam.
According to the control method, when an operator holds the welding equipment to operate and moves along a welding path, the light spot of the laser beam swings reciprocally in the swinging range to form a zigzag track formed by connecting a plurality of linear tracks end to end (as shown in fig. 2). For each linear track, the overlapping degree of the light spot at the first position and the light spot in the adjacent other linear track is larger than the overlapping degree of the light spot at the second position and the light spot in the adjacent other linear track, but the accumulated laser energy near the first position is similar to the accumulated laser energy near the second position because the laser power at the first position is lower than the laser power at the second position. Therefore, the accumulated laser energy near each position of each linear track is similar in the whole, so that uniform energy distribution can be obtained, and the problem of welding defects caused by overheating at the edge of a welding line can be remarkably solved by the uniform energy distribution, and the welding quality is improved.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail herein with reference to the preferred embodiments, however, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the specific embodiments described above without departing from the spirit of the invention, and various technical features and structures of the present invention may be variously combined without departing from the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (14)

1. A hand-held laser welding apparatus, comprising:
a laser light source configured to emit a laser beam under the control of a light source controller;
the galvanometer reflects the laser beam and is connected to the galvanometer motor, the galvanometer motor drives the galvanometer to reciprocate under the control of the motor controller, and the reflected laser beam reciprocates in a swinging range; and
a central controller configured to control the light source controller and the motor controller such that:
the laser beam has a first power when at a first position farther from the center of oscillation and a second power when at a second position closer to the center of oscillation, the first power being lower than the second power.
2. The hand-held laser welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power of the laser beam increases gradually from both sides of the swing range to the center of the swing range.
3. The hand-held laser welding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the power of the laser beam increases linearly from both sides of the swing range to the center of the swing range.
4. A hand-held laser welding device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the angle of the swing range is divided into a plurality of angle segments, the power of the laser beam in each angle segment being the same.
5. The hand-held laser welding apparatus of claim 4, wherein the plurality of angular segments are equally spaced or the plurality of angular segments are unequally spaced.
6. A hand-held laser welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the central controller is configured to control the light source controller and the motor controller to synchronously implement a first position and a first power of the laser beam and to synchronously implement a second position and a second power of the laser beam.
7. The hand-held laser welding apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a collimator lens for deflecting a divergent light beam emitted from the laser light source into a parallel light beam, and a galvanometer for reflecting the parallel light beam;
and a focusing lens that deflects the reflected parallel light beam into a converging light beam that is projected to the workpiece to be welded.
8. A control method of a hand-held laser welding apparatus, comprising the steps of:
the central controller sends out a laser power control instruction and a galvanometer swing control instruction;
the light source controller receives the laser power control instruction and controls the laser source to emit laser beams;
the motor controller receives the vibrating mirror swinging control instruction, controls the vibrating mirror motor to drive the vibrating mirror to swing reciprocally, and reflects the laser beam to swing reciprocally in a swinging range;
wherein the laser power control instruction and the galvanometer oscillation control instruction are configured such that: the laser beam has a first power when at a first position farther from the center of oscillation and a second power when at a second position closer to the center of oscillation, the first power being lower than the second power.
9. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the power of the laser beam is gradually increased from both sides of the swing range to the center of the swing range.
10. The control method according to claim 9, wherein the power of the laser beam increases linearly from both sides of the swing range to the center of the swing range.
11. The control method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the angle of the swing range is divided into a plurality of angle segments, the power of the laser beam in each angle segment being the same.
12. The control method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of angle segments are equally spaced or the plurality of angle segments are unequally spaced.
13. The control method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the central controller issues a laser power control instruction and a galvanometer oscillation control instruction to synchronously realize a first position and a first power of the laser beam and synchronously realize a second position and a second power of the laser beam.
14. The control method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the central controller sends out a first vibrating mirror swing control instruction and a first laser power control instruction;
the motor controller receives the first vibrating mirror swing control instruction, controls the vibrating mirror motor to rotate, and drives the vibrating mirror to rotate to a first angle;
the light source controller receives a first laser power control instruction, controls the laser light source to emit a first laser beam with first power, the first laser beam is reflected to the surface of the workpiece by the vibrating mirror at a first angle, and the first laser beam is positioned at a first position farther from the swinging center;
the central controller sends out a second vibrating mirror swing control instruction and a second laser power control instruction;
the motor controller receives a second vibrating mirror swing control instruction, controls the vibrating mirror motor to rotate, and drives the vibrating mirror to rotate to a second angle;
the light source controller receives a second laser power control instruction and controls the laser light source to emit a second laser beam at a second power higher than the first power, the second laser beam is reflected to the surface of the workpiece by the vibrating mirror at a second angle, and the second laser beam is positioned at a second position closer to the swinging center.
CN202111239908.4A 2021-10-25 2021-10-25 Handheld laser welding device and method for cooperatively controlling laser position and power Active CN113977078B (en)

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CN115990716B (en) * 2023-02-09 2025-03-14 北京金橙子科技股份有限公司 Laser processing method
CN119035764A (en) * 2024-11-01 2024-11-29 洛阳船舶材料研究所(中国船舶集团有限公司第七二五研究所) Metal sandwich board laser welding method and device based on laser pulse swing

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