CN113966277A - 用于生产印刷层合装配玻璃的方法 - Google Patents
用于生产印刷层合装配玻璃的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113966277A CN113966277A CN202180002575.5A CN202180002575A CN113966277A CN 113966277 A CN113966277 A CN 113966277A CN 202180002575 A CN202180002575 A CN 202180002575A CN 113966277 A CN113966277 A CN 113966277A
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- Prior art keywords
- adhesive interlayer
- printing
- adhesive
- glazing
- interlayer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的目的在于:‑用于制造印刷层合装配玻璃的方法,所述印刷层合装配玻璃包括与粘合剂夹层粘接的至少一个透明片材,特征在于:由至少第一部分粘合剂夹层和第二部分粘合剂夹层得到所述粘合剂夹层,用油墨印刷所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的两个主面中的一个,将所述透明片材与所述第一部分粘合剂夹层和所述第二部分粘合剂夹层接合,使得所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的经印刷的主面与所述第二部分粘合剂夹层或所述第一部分粘合剂夹层直接接触,然后实施层合;‑由此获得的印刷层合装配玻璃的用途,如汽车装配玻璃,例如风挡,用于建筑物建造、太阳能、或工业的装配玻璃。
Description
本发明涉及层合装配玻璃领域,所述层合装配玻璃包括:
- 至少一个无机玻璃片材,其可经过热回火或化学强化,或至少一个透明聚合物材料片材,所述无机玻璃例如钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃,所述聚合物材料例如聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA),和
- 至少一个粘合剂夹层,例如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)。常见的实例是由借助PVB中间层粘接在一起的两个钠钙玻璃或其他玻璃的片材组成的层合装配玻璃。例如,使用此类装配玻璃作为机动车风挡等,其可包括许多特征:允许降低仪表板的温度和乘客舱中的环境温度的太阳光辐射反射层、用于车内后视镜的支撑物、用于供应电流、特别是为氧化铟锡(ITO)层或加热丝网络的母线供应电流、过滤太阳光辐射的上部条带、其可具有递减色,雨量传感器等。因此,出于多种目的对层压装配玻璃进行印刷:玻璃板的边缘围绕其整个周缘是不透明的,以保护下面的粘合剂免受紫外线辐射,并隐藏车身部件或密封件,使车辆外部的观察者无法看到,与制造商有关的铭文、各种标准,用于隐藏车内后视镜的基座使车外的观察者无法看到的不透明表面。
层合装配玻璃常常是弯曲的,但通常在平坦的玻璃片材上实施上述印刷,即,在弯曲操作之前,因为在弯曲表面上印刷的难度大得多。瓷釉或油墨印刷必须满足所需的光学质量:良好的覆盖率、不透明度和分辨率。
经常在平坦的玻璃片材上使用丝网印刷,但它也不是没有缺点。在双片玻璃层合材料中,瓷釉被丝网印刷在意图用在外部位置、即与空气接触的玻璃片材的内面(称为面2)上,和/或在内部玻璃片材的外面(称为面4)上,所述内部玻璃片材与内部空气接触,特别是与运输车辆的乘客舱的内部空气接触(有时也在面3上,即该内部玻璃片材的内面)。
在所述组装层合材料的结构内部的面2和面3上上釉的缺点可以如下所述。在玻璃片材两个两个地弯曲过程中,它们会彼此物理接触(尽管存在粉状夹层)或者与弯曲装置的机械元件物理接触。这种物理接触需要预先使用额外的烘箱来对印刷组合物进行退火处理,以防止未充分硬化和干燥的印刷表面受影响:例如,两个玻璃片材的粘黏,尽管由于粉状夹层而分离,但在未固化的瓷釉表面上产生缺陷。这种退火是所述方法中的额外步骤,会给生产线带来额外的成本。
在所述组装层合材料的结构中的外表面4进行上釉处理时,瓷釉的烧制以已知的方式导致光学缺陷(德语中称为:“Brennlinie(焦线)”)的产生。
面2、3和4上的这些瓷釉存在其他共同的缺点。
首先,需要为上釉区域和未上釉区域限定完美适配且差异化的加热,因为瓷釉并不会吸收与玻璃相同的热量。因此,必须针对具有或没有雨量传感器、亮度传感器的层合装配玻璃、风挡的每种配置对加热进行调整。
并且,烧制后的黑色瓷釉的光密度为约3。然而,可能需要略高于该值的光密度,这只能通过增加沉积瓷釉的厚度来实现。
最后,现有上釉玻璃基材的另一问题是难以回收此类产品,尤其是在制造片材形式的玻璃基材(装配玻璃)时。由于装配玻璃必须满足在颜色、光和/或能量传输等方面的众多要求,因此重要的是,以破碎形式(碎玻璃)重新引入用于制造装配玻璃的熔炉中的废玻璃不会干扰通常已经存在的玻璃组成且不会导致产品不满足所需规格。虽然未上釉的玻璃碎片可由此重新引入浮法玻璃熔炉中,但引入水平通常约为炉料的20-30重量%,另一方面,上釉玻璃碎片通常会导致所形成的玻璃片材中出现不希望的残留着色或残留的未熔化的岛状物。因此,在最有利的情况下,可以重新引入这些熔炉的上釉玻璃碎片的量不超过炉料的2重量%至3重量%(瓷釉通常占该玻璃碎片的0.1重量%至0.5重量%)。
这些问题可以通过在粘合剂夹层上而不再在玻璃片材上印刷来解决,但是为了在实施所述印刷的界面处保持该层和玻璃片材之间的所需粘合力,必须精心选择组合物、方法和印刷条件。
发明人寻求在曲面层合装配玻璃上印刷的方法,所述方法将保证最终产品的所需规格:不仅在机械耐受性和老化的角度而且在美学的角度上均符合客户标准和规格。这些具体包括:
- 良好的覆盖率和少量的不会以不能接受的方式影响透明度的针孔,
- 对应于通过X-Rite 341设备或等价物测量的至少为3、优选为4的光密度的所需不透明度,
- 客户可接受的分辨率和印刷外观,其与在玻璃上上釉的分辨率和印刷外观类似。
另一方面,本发明人的目的还在于使用多种印刷方法的可能性,例如丝网印刷、喷墨、胶印、柔版印刷、移印、数字印刷,以及使用多种类型的油墨组合物的可能性,以便以所有颜色,黑、灰、白、蓝、绿、红、黄等,进行印刷。
已通过本发明实现了这些目的,因此,本发明的目的为用于制造印刷层合装配玻璃的方法,所述印刷层合装配玻璃包括与粘合剂夹层粘接的至少一个透明片材,特征在于:由至少第一部分粘合剂夹层和第二部分粘合剂夹层得到所述粘合剂夹层,用油墨印刷所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的两个主面中的一个,将所述透明片材与所述第一部分粘合剂夹层和所述第二部分粘合剂夹层接合,使得所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的经印刷的主面与所述第二部分粘合剂夹层或所述第一部分粘合剂夹层直接接触,并然后实施层合。
本发明通过解决瓷釉预烧制操作固有的问题,例如在面4上上釉处理的光学缺陷、以及与瓷釉和玻璃的不同导热性有关的那些问题,使得替换上述的无机玻璃片材的上釉处理成为可能,并由此消除瓷釉预烧制操作。然而,必须强调的是,此类上釉处理,特别是在具有两个玻璃片材的层合材料的情况中在面2、4和/或3上上釉处理,并没有系统地将所述装配玻璃排除在本发明的范围之外。
两个部分粘合剂层的合并厚度可以等于一个粘合剂层的通常厚度,使得所述层合装配玻璃的面密度不变。
所述油墨被保护在所述粘合剂夹层内。
相对于在其界面处具有油墨印刷的层合材料,增大了所述透明玻璃片材或其他片材与所述粘合剂夹层之间的粘合力;在双片玻璃层合材料中,它们之间的粘合力由此增大。
改善了所述印刷层合装配玻璃的耐酸性。
在制造层合装配玻璃时,本发明使得能够存储两个部分粘合剂夹层的组装件,其中一个是经印刷的,一个在另一个之上,从而节省空间。本发明使得仅未印刷的透明片材与可能被区别印刷的部分粘合剂层的组装件的结合使用成为可能,从而促进透明片材在生产过程中的储存和供应。这意味着所述印刷层合装配玻璃的组件可以随时且容易地用于生产。
本发明使在所述层合装配玻璃的边缘上印刷成为可能。(通过对比,瓷釉在玻璃表面上的应用需要围绕所述玻璃的边缘至少2 mm的非上釉区域,以确保组装阶段期间的良好除气且避免分层,以避免熔炉内的与在成型接合处存在瓷釉有关的破裂问题,并且也由于印刷技术不允许在玻璃的边缘上进行印刷)。
通过本发明的方法得到的印刷层合装配玻璃可以由仅一个透明片材和粘合剂夹层、或经由粘合剂层粘接的两个透明片材、或甚至由粘合剂夹层成对粘接的至少三个透明片材(即n个透明片材和(n-1)个粘合剂夹层)组成。在后者情况中,根据本发明的范围且在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下,多个此类粘合剂夹层可各自由两个部分粘合剂夹层组成,所述粘合剂夹层携带有印刷在所述两个部分粘合剂夹层中的一个的内主面上的油墨。根据本发明的这种在层合结构的两个不同平面上的印刷可产生可视化浮雕效果。
优选地,经由所述粘合剂夹层粘接第一透明片材和第二透明片材。
优选地,一个或多个所述透明片材彼此独立地由钠钙、铝硅酸盐、硼硅酸盐或等价物类型的无机玻璃制得,所述无机玻璃可经过热回火或化学强化,或由聚合物材料制得,所述聚合物材料例如聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)、聚氨酯(PU)或等价物。
优选地,所述第一部分粘合剂夹层和所述第二部分粘合剂夹层以及可形成所述印刷层合装配玻璃的一部分的任何其他粘合剂夹层彼此独立地由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)等制成。
优选地,至少所述第一部分粘合剂夹层和所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的彼此直接接触的两个主面的粗糙度为2.80 µm至4.20 µm。在印刷期间,油墨并不完全填充由油墨沉积在其上的基材的这种粗糙度形成的凹处。此外,所述第一部分粘合剂夹层和所述第二部分粘合剂夹层中的每一个以及可用在所述层合装配玻璃的制造中的任何其他粘合剂夹层的两个主面的粗糙度可为2.80 µm至4.20 µm,这种布置有助于组装阶段期间的良好除气。
优选地,所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的两个主面中的一个在进行印刷之前通过等离子体燃烧(plasma flaming)、电晕放电等进行氧化。由此处理的粘合剂夹层表面被活化,使得其与所有类型的油墨印刷兼容。
优选地,所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的两个主面中的一个通过丝网印刷、喷墨、胶印、柔版印刷、移印、数字印刷等来印刷。
优选地,在所述第一部分粘合剂夹层和所述第二部分粘合剂夹层接合到所述透明片材且彼此直接接触之前,干燥经印刷的第一部分粘合剂夹层或第二部分粘合剂夹层的两个主面中的一个。例如,自然干燥、使用强制空气、任选地与聚合同时进行(例如通过紫外线辐射辅助)。
优选地,采用与所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的两个主面中的一个相同的油墨通过丝网印刷、喷墨、胶印、柔版印刷、移印、数字印刷等来印刷至少一个透明片材的两个主面中的至少一个,所述主面位于所述印刷层合装配玻璃结构的内部,即未暴露于外部(例如,外部空气、机动车的乘客舱)。在具有两个玻璃片材的层合装配玻璃中,它们是面2和/或面3。
本发明的另一目的是通过上述方法得到的印刷层合装配玻璃作为汽车装配玻璃,例如风挡,用于建筑物建造、太阳能、或工业的装配玻璃的用途。
通过以下实施例阐释本发明。
实施例
使用两个0.38 mm厚的PVB部分粘合剂层,同时其两个主面的粗糙度为2.85 µm至4.18 µm,所述PVB部分粘合剂层是Eastman以注册商标Saflex® RB11销售的。
对这两个部分层中的一个的一个面进行丝网印刷。
将油墨混合30分钟,测得其粘度,如果粘度不符合则添加稀释剂,然后将油墨混合30分钟,并然后将油墨施加到丝网印刷丝网。
在PVB片材上完成丝网印刷。
使用不同组成和颜色的油墨。
干燥油墨,并然后将此PVB部分层接合到未印刷的第二PVB部分层,使得印刷位于这两个部分层的界面处。然后将两个PVB部分层进行常规组装(通过设定在真空下进行脱气,进行温度和压力的升高)以组装到两片钠钙浮法玻璃上。获得了如上所述的高机械质量和高光学质量的彩色印刷的层合装配玻璃。10分钟的“指触干燥(dry to touch)”时间较短且与工业连续生产线工艺兼容。
使用具有下表中详述的组成的黑色油墨,其中所有比例以重量百分比给出。
[表1]
聚乙烯缩丁醛的[OH]含量对应于18%的聚乙烯醇重量百分比。
所述湿润剂还充当增塑剂,即,其允许印刷油墨膜的更大变形而不损害其光学性能。在这种情况下,所述湿润剂为邻苯二甲酸二甲基环己烷。
炭黑的比表面积为65m2/g,其中40m2/g至150m2/g的值通常也适用。
二酯是60重量%的戊二酸二甲酯、20重量%的琥珀酸二甲酯和20重量%的己二酸二甲酯的混合物。
表面张力改性剂为丙烯酸2-乙基己酯共聚物;其不含硅酮。
在20℃下所述油墨的布鲁克菲尔德粘度为11 Pa.s,其中9 Pa.s至13 Pa.s的值也适于本发明的目的。以下面的方式完成该测量。通过在所述油墨中旋转滚轴至少8小时来将油墨的粘度降低到稳定值。取后者的样品,在其上使用平面锥形粘度计测得粘度。
在与上文黑色印刷相同的条件下,使用具有下表中描述的组成的油墨进行灰色印刷。
[表2]
二醇二醚溶剂为三乙二醇二甲醚。
任何其他颜色的印刷都是通过将颜料、染料或发光体引入上述灰色油墨中而获得的。
具体地由它们的CAS(化学文摘社,美国化学会)号和CI(颜色索引)号定义的颜料可以从下表中选择。
[表3]
颜料 | CAS号 | CI号 |
黄13 | 13515-40-7 | 黄13 |
单偶氮黄 | 6486-23-3 | 黄3 |
苯并咪唑酮黄 | 31837-42-0 | 黄151 |
单偶氮黄 | 12225-18-2 | 黄97 |
喹吖啶酮玫瑰红 | 980-26-7 | 红122 |
喹吖啶酮紫 | 1047-16-1 | 紫19 |
二噁嗪紫 | 6358-30-1 | 紫23 |
炭黑 | 1333-86-4 | 黑7 |
黑氧化铁 | 1317-61-9 | |
酞菁蓝 | 147-14-8 | 蓝15.3 |
酞菁绿 | 2786-76-7 | 绿7 |
二氧化钛 | 13463-67-7 |
下面列出可用在本发明的环境中的由它们的类型和CI号定义的染料。
[表4]
染料 | 类型 | CI号 |
黄 | Cr络合物 | 黄88 |
黄 | Co络合物 | 黄25 |
橙 | Co络合物 | 橙11 |
棕 | Cr络合物 | 棕43 |
红 | Cr络合物 | 红130 |
红 | Cr络合物 | 红122 |
蓝 | Cu–酞菁 | 蓝136 |
蓝 | Cu–酞菁 | 蓝70 |
黑 | Cr络合物 | 黑29 |
作为发光体的实例,可使用下列由它们的分子式定义的发光体。
[表5]
发光体 | 分子式 |
绿 | Zn<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>:Mn |
蓝 | BaMgAl<sub>10</sub>O<sub>17</sub>:Eu |
黄 | Y<sub>202</sub>S:Eu,Sm + BaMgAl<sub>10</sub>O<sub>17</sub> |
黄 | β-喹酞酮 |
红 | Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Eu |
红 | Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S:Eu |
印刷之前对所述PVB基材的氧化,例如通过等离子体燃烧,促进了该印刷。
除了PVB粘结剂(树脂)的所有溶剂基油墨,例如环氧树脂油墨、硝基纤维素、聚酰胺、聚氯乙烯和聚氨酯等,均可用于丝网印刷,以及所有其他印刷方法:喷墨、胶印、柔版印刷、移印、数码印刷。
本发明的方法使得能够容易获得:
- 良好的覆盖率和少量的不会以不能接受的方式影响透明度的针孔,
- 对应于通过X-Rite 341设备测量的所需的至少为3或4的光密度的所需不透明度,
- 分辨率和印刷品质方面,与在玻璃上上釉的类似。
通过本发明的方法生产的印刷层合装配玻璃允许其成功通过以下测试:
- 根据汽车标准R43,在国家/地区规定下的不同应用条件的沸腾测试;
- 根据汽车标准R43,在国家/地区规定下的不同应用条件的烘焙测试;
- 根据汽车标准DV471167,H14老化后装配玻璃的耐热性和耐湿性;和
- 符合 DV471309汽车标准的在严酷BF气候循环中的耐老化性。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于制造印刷层合装配玻璃的方法,所述印刷层合装配玻璃包括与粘合剂夹层粘接的至少一个透明片材,特征在于:由至少第一部分粘合剂夹层和第二部分粘合剂夹层得到所述粘合剂夹层,用油墨印刷所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的两个主面中的一个,将所述透明片材与所述第一部分粘合剂夹层和所述第二部分粘合剂夹层接合,使得所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的经印刷的主面与所述第二部分粘合剂夹层或所述第一部分粘合剂夹层直接接触,并然后实施层合。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其中经由所述粘合剂夹层粘接第一透明片材和第二透明片材。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中一个或多个所述透明片材彼此独立地由钠钙、铝硅酸盐、硼硅酸盐或等价物类型的无机玻璃或聚合物材料制得,所述无机玻璃能够经过热回火或化学强化,所述聚合物材料例如聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)、聚氨酯(PU)或等价物。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一部分粘合剂夹层和所述第二部分粘合剂夹层以及可形成所述印刷层合装配玻璃的一部分的任何其他粘合剂夹层彼此独立地由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)等制成。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中至少所述第一部分粘合剂夹层和一个第二部分粘合剂夹层的彼此直接接触的两个主面的粗糙度为2.80 µm至4.20 µm。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的两个主面中的一个在进行印刷之前通过等离子体燃烧、电晕放电等进行氧化。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的两个主面中的一个通过丝网印刷、喷墨、胶印、柔版印刷、移印、数字印刷等来印刷。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中在所述第一部分粘合剂夹层和所述第二部分粘合剂夹层接合到所述透明片材且彼此直接接触之前,干燥经印刷的第一部分粘合剂夹层或第二部分粘合剂夹层的两个主面中的一个。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,特征在于:采用与所述第一部分粘合剂夹层或所述第二部分粘合剂夹层的两个主面中的一个相同的油墨通过丝网印刷、喷墨、胶印、柔版印刷、移印、数字印刷等来印刷至少一个透明片材的两个主面中的至少一个,所述主面位于所述印刷层合装配玻璃的结构的内部且不暴露于外部。
10.通过前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法得到的印刷层合装配玻璃的用途,如汽车装配玻璃,例如风挡,用于建筑物建造、太阳能、或工业的装配玻璃。
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FR2004960A FR3110108B1 (fr) | 2020-05-18 | 2020-05-18 | Procédé de fabrication d’un vitrage feuilleté imprimé |
PCT/FR2021/050777 WO2021234238A1 (fr) | 2020-05-18 | 2021-05-06 | Procédé de fabrication d'un vitrage feuilleté imprimé |
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FR3110108B1 (fr) | 2023-04-28 |
EP4153429A1 (fr) | 2023-03-29 |
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