CN113944009A - 一种pei/二氧化硅气凝胶膜材的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶膜材的制备方法，属于纳米保温材料领域。将PEI和二氧化硅气凝胶配制成纺丝前驱体溶液，采用静电纺丝技术双组针头混纺技术，制备出PEI纤维/二氧化硅气凝胶无纺膜材，再通过热压，形成PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶膜材，本发明制备PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶膜材柔性好、不掉粉，可以在200度下长期使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种PEI /二氧化硅气凝胶膜材的制备方法，属于纳米保温材料领域。
背景技术
气凝胶是网络多孔结构，具有很高的孔隙率，有很好的保温隔热效果，其粉体粒径一般在10微米以上。目前市场上销售的涂布法气凝胶隔热膜，使用温度都在100度左右，为了拓展应用场景，可以采用高熔点树脂。但高熔点树脂一般又不易溶于水，如果采用油性溶剂，则会出现堵塞气凝胶孔的问题。因此采用常规方法制备高温气凝胶复合膜，比较困难。静电纺丝技术则可以制备从几十到几百纳米的纤维，可以很好的固定气凝胶颗粒。静电纺丝制得的纤维其内部粘结力不足，纺出的纤维比较松散，采用热压可以提升整体膜材强度。因此本专利通过双喷头纺丝，将高熔点PEI（聚乙烯亚胺）与氧化硅气凝胶复合，进一步热压提升膜的整体强度，获得长期200度下使用的气凝胶隔热膜。
发明内容
本发明公开一种PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶膜材的制备方法，通过静电纺丝技术制备纳米级的纤维，纳米纤维将微米级的气凝胶粉体固定在膜层内部。选用低表面张力的溶剂来分散气凝胶粉可以最大程度的保持气凝胶内部的多孔结构，如果采用高表面张力的溶剂，在固化过程中气凝胶粉体会发生收缩，降低其保温隔热性能。本发明的方法可以实现不掉粉的PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶膜材制备，同时该方法具备连续化生产能力。
具体的制备方法为 ：
S1：将PEI在一定温度下溶于有机溶剂形成PEI前驱体溶液，将二氧化硅气凝胶分散于低表面张力有机溶剂中，形成二氧化硅气凝胶前驱体溶液；
S2：采用静电纺丝方法，将步骤S1制备的PEI前驱体溶液和二氧化硅气凝胶前驱体溶液同时进行纺丝，得到PEI纤维和二氧化硅气凝胶复合无纺膜；
S3：将步骤S2得到的PEI纤维和二氧化硅气凝胶复合无纺膜进行热压，形成PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶复合膜。
进一步的，所述步骤S1中PEI溶解温度为50-90度，优选80度。所述有机溶剂为PEI的良溶剂，通常为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮等中的一种或多种，用来溶解PEI形成前驱体溶液，质量浓度为8-30wt%，优选10-20wt%，浓度小容易产生串珠，浓度过大不易纺丝，纤维也会变粗。所述的低表面张力有机溶剂为烷烃类、醇类等中的一种或多种，优选烷烃类，比如正乙烷。二氧化硅气凝胶前驱体溶液中二氧化硅气凝胶的质量比为3-40wt%，优选10-20wt%。
进一步的，所述步骤S2中PEI纤维和二氧化硅气凝胶复合无纺膜中PEI和二氧化硅气凝胶质量比为1：0.2-5，优选1：1-3。PEI和二氧化硅气凝胶质量比可以通过前驱体溶液质量固含调节，也可以通过纺丝速度来控制。二氧化硅气凝胶含量越高，保温隔热性能越好。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中热压温度为200-300度，优选170-200度，压力为1-10MPa，优选2-3MPa，热压时间大于5秒。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点包括：本发明的方法周期短，而现有浸胶技术一个周期最少需要一周以上；本发明的方法适合连续化生产，现在的浸胶工艺只能非连续化生产；本发明的方法制备出来的是纳米级纤维，可以很好的将气凝胶粉固定在内部，防止掉粉污染环境。
具体实施方式
以下结合若干较佳实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的解释说明。
实例1
S1：将10g PEI在60度溶于60g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中，形成PEI前驱体溶液，将10g二氧化硅气凝胶分散于20g正乙烷中，形成二氧化硅气凝胶前驱体溶液；
S2：采用静电纺丝方法，将步骤S1制备的PEI前驱体溶液和二氧化硅气凝胶前驱体溶液同时进行纺丝，得到PEI纤维和二氧化硅气凝胶复合无纺膜，纺丝电压13kV，接收距离15cm，纺丝速度为10ml/小时；
S3：将步骤S2得到的PEI纤维和二氧化硅气凝胶复合无纺膜进行热压，热压温度为200度，压力为3MPa，热压时间20秒，制得PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶复合膜。
实例2
S1：将10g PEI在80度溶于30g N-甲基吡咯烷酮中，形成PEI前驱体溶液，将10g二氧化硅气凝胶分散于60g正乙烷中，形成二氧化硅气凝胶前驱体溶液；
S2：采用静电纺丝方法，将步骤S1制备的PEI前驱体溶液和二氧化硅气凝胶前驱体溶液同时进行纺丝，得到PEI纤维和二氧化硅气凝胶复合无纺膜，纺丝电压15kV，接收距离20cm，纺丝速度为15ml/小时；
S3：将步骤S2得到的PEI纤维和二氧化硅气凝胶复合无纺膜进行热压，热压温度为250度，压力为1MPa，热压时间10秒，制得PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶复合膜。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶膜材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的制备方法为：
S1：将PEI在一定温度下溶于有机溶剂形成PEI前驱体溶液，将二氧化硅气凝胶分散于低表面张力有机溶剂中，形成二氧化硅气凝胶前驱体溶液；
S2：采用静电纺丝方法，将步骤S1制备的PEI前驱体溶液和二氧化硅气凝胶前驱体溶液同时进行纺丝，得到PEI纤维和二氧化硅气凝胶复合无纺膜；
S3：将步骤S2得到的PEI纤维和二氧化硅气凝胶复合无纺膜进行热压，形成PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶复合膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶膜材的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S1中PEI的溶解温度为50-90度，有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮等中的一种或多种；低表面张力有机溶剂为烷烃类、醇类等中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶膜材的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S1中PEI前驱体溶液中PEI的质量比为8-30wt%，二氧化硅气凝胶前驱体溶液中二氧化硅气凝胶的质量比为3-40wt%。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶膜材的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S2中PEI纤维和二氧化硅气凝胶复合无纺膜中PEI和二氧化硅气凝胶质量比为1：0.2-5。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种PEI/二氧化硅气凝胶膜材的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中热压温度为200-300度，压力为1-10MPa。
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