CN113938123A - A sensor signal output circuit and circuit board - Google Patents
A sensor signal output circuit and circuit board Download PDFInfo
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- CN113938123A CN113938123A CN202111039491.7A CN202111039491A CN113938123A CN 113938123 A CN113938123 A CN 113938123A CN 202111039491 A CN202111039491 A CN 202111039491A CN 113938123 A CN113938123 A CN 113938123A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/045—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage adapted to a particular application and not provided for elsewhere
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sensor signal output circuit and an integrated circuit board, wherein the output circuit comprises an operational amplification unit, a voltage-to-frequency unit, a triode Q1 and a constant current source unit; the input end of the operational amplification unit is used for receiving and amplifying the output signal of the sensor; the input end of the voltage frequency conversion unit is connected with the output end of the operational amplification unit and is used for receiving the amplified sensor output signal and converting the amplified sensor output signal into a frequency signal, and the output end of the voltage frequency conversion unit is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q1 and is used for driving the triode Q1; the triode Q1, the constant current source unit and the load are connected in series in sequence. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, strong anti-interference capability, strong loading capability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a sensor signal output circuit and a circuit board.
Background
In the fields of aerospace, weapon vehicles, ships and the like, sensors of various alarm types (such as pressure alarm, temperature alarm, vehicle water-entering alarm and the like) need to provide signals for a plurality of loads (subsystems) at the same time, so that the subsystems can detect alarm information at the same time and respond. This type of sensor typically outputs a 0-5V voltage signal or a 4-20ma current signal, but when the signal is provided to multiple loads, the voltage signal is affected by the length of the cable, the more loads, the greater the deviation of the output voltage, and is susceptible to electromagnetic interference. When the current signals supply power to a plurality of loads, the current signals are also influenced by load impedance, if the loads are connected in series, the load capacity of the current signals is very limited, and generally the number of the current signals is not more than 2-3; if the loads are connected in parallel, the transmitted signal will cause significant distortion and will also not provide a reliable signal for multiple loads. Although the digital signals such as RS485 and CAN CAN realize one master and multiple slaves and provide signals for multiple loads, the digital signals are rarely adopted on sensors of aerospace, weapon vehicles and ships, and generally adopt analog signals to ensure high reliability of communication. The current common voltage and current signals are difficult to meet the requirements of multiple loads, undistorted signals and high transmission reliability.
Published patent application CN201610392517.9 "current loop communication system for two-wire system half-duplex multi-machine communication" describes a signal output circuit, as shown in fig. 1: the master station transmits data by controlling the on or off of the controlled switch K1, the slave station receives the data through the receiving module, and a current loop I is formed by the power supply anode, the controlled switch K2, the communication line I, the slave station receiving module, the communication line II, the controlled switch K1 and GND in sequence; the slave station transmits data by controlling the on and off of the transmitting module, the master station receives the data by the current sampling data receiving module, a current loop II is formed by the power supply anode, the controlled switch K2, the communication line II, the slave station transmitting module, the communication line I, the controlled switch K3, the current sampling data receiving module and the GND in sequence at the moment, and the controlled switch K3 and the current sampling data receiving module are adjustable in sequence; therefore, when data is transmitted from the master station to the slave station and from the slave station to the master station, two current loops with opposite directions are respectively realized on the communication line I and the communication line II.
The two current loops with opposite directions are respectively used for realizing the transmission of data from the master station to the slave station and from the slave station to the master station, controlled switches are respectively arranged on a direct current power supply path, a data sending path and a data receiving path of the master station, and the number of the slave stations is determined by the output power of the direct current power supply and the breaking capacity of the three controlled switches: when a plurality of slave stations are connected into two communication lines in parallel, if the current flowing through the current loop when one master station and one slave station are connected is I, when the number of the slave stations is N and N is greater than 1, the current required to be output by the direct-current power supply when the master station transmits data is NxI; when the slave station transmits data, the current required to be output by the direct current power supply is I.
Although the technical solution in the above patent application can realize a load with a plurality of current loops, the number of slave stations is determined by the output power of the dc power supply and the breaking capability of three controlled switches: when a plurality of slave stations are connected into two communication lines in parallel, if the current flowing through the current loop when one master station and one slave station are connected is I, when the number of the slave stations is N and N is greater than 1, the current required to be output by the direct-current power supply when the master station transmits data is NxI; when the slave station transmits data, the current required to be output by the direct current power supply is I. The current of the system is controlled by a direct current power supply, the automatic adjustment and control of the direct current power supply are complex, and the system needs additional circuits and programs in cooperation with the system, so that the complexity of the system is greatly improved, and the system is not suitable for being used in a sensor with limited volume.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sensor signal output circuit and a circuit board which have strong anti-interference capability and strong loading capability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a sensor signal output circuit comprises an operational amplification unit, a voltage-to-frequency unit, a triode Q1 and a constant current source unit; the input end of the operational amplification unit is used for receiving and amplifying the output signal of the sensor; the input end of the voltage frequency conversion unit is connected with the output end of the operational amplification unit and is used for receiving the amplified sensor output signal and converting the amplified sensor output signal into a frequency signal, and the output end of the voltage frequency conversion unit is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q1 and is used for driving the triode Q1; the triode Q1, the constant current source unit and the load are connected in series in sequence.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the constant current source unit comprises a three-terminal voltage stabilizer and a resistance module, wherein the input end of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer is connected with the load, the output end of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer is connected with one end of the resistance module, and the grounding end of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer and the other end of the resistance module are connected with the collector of a triode Q1.
The resistance module comprises a resistor R2 and a resistor R3, the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 are connected in series, one end of the resistor R3 is connected with the output end of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with one end of a resistor R2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a collector of the triode Q1.
The power supply further comprises a MOS tube Q2, the source electrode of the MOS tube Q2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, and the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R3.
Still include opto-coupler U2 and MOS drive unit, some load in opto-coupler U2's the input and a plurality of parallel loads is established ties, opto-coupler U2's output links to each other with MOS drive unit's input, MOS drive unit's output links to each other with MOS pipe Q2's grid and drain electrode.
And the output end of the optical coupler U2 is connected with the input end of the MOS driving unit through the filtering unit.
The filtering unit comprises a resistor R4 and a capacitor C1, the output end of the optocoupler U2 is connected with the input end of the MOS driving unit through the resistor R4, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the input end of the MOS driving unit, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the grounding end of the optocoupler U2.
An inductor L1 is connected in series between a power supply VCC1 of the load and the load.
The inductor L1 is connected in parallel with a freewheeling diode D1, the anode of the freewheeling diode D1 is connected with a power supply VCC1, and the other end of the freewheeling diode D1 is connected with a load.
The invention also discloses an integrated circuit board which comprises the sensor signal output circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the sensor output circuit can modulate frequency and current simultaneously, the load end adopts the optical coupler to receive signals, the output signal of the sensor core body can be obtained only by demodulating PWM frequency signals, and the output signal is irrelevant to the current and only relevant to the frequency, so that when the load is increased, the signal of the sensor is not distorted, and the load carrying capacity is greatly improved; the output frequency is in direct proportion to the output voltage of the sensor core, the output signal of the sensor core is obtained by demodulating the frequency, and the anti-interference capability is strong; in addition, the constant current source unit is adopted, so that the current output capacity is high.
The invention can solve the problems of insufficient load carrying capacity, signal distortion and the like when the sensor simultaneously provides signals for a plurality of loads. The circuit can simultaneously adjust the frequency and the current of the output signal of the sensor, and the signal of the sensor is only related to the frequency and is not related to the current, so that the distortion of the transmission signal is avoided, and the reliability of signal transmission is improved; the invention is especially suitable for occasions such as aircrafts, armored vehicles and the like which need to provide reliable signals for a plurality of subsystems at the same time, and has simple circuit structure and strong signal anti-interference capability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal output circuit in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a circuit schematic of an embodiment of the circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the current waveform of the present invention (without the inductor L1) at different frequencies.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the current waveform (with inductor L1) on the load at 7kHz in accordance with the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings: 1. an operational amplification unit; 2. a voltage-to-frequency unit; 3. a constant current source unit; 4. a MOS drive unit; 5. and a filtering unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments of the description.
As shown in fig. 2, the sensor signal output circuit of the present embodiment includes an operational amplifier unit 1, a voltage-to-frequency converter unit 2, a transistor Q1, and a constant current source unit 3; the input end of the operational amplification unit 1 is used for receiving and amplifying the output signal of the sensor; the input end of the voltage frequency conversion unit 2 is connected with the output end of the operational amplification unit 1 and is used for receiving the amplified sensor output signal and converting the amplified sensor output signal into a frequency signal, and the output end of the voltage frequency conversion unit 2 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q1 and is used for driving the triode Q1; the triode Q1, the constant current source unit 3 and the load are connected in series in sequence. During operation, a weak signal originally output by the sensor core is amplified by the operational amplification unit 1 and enters the voltage-to-frequency conversion unit 2 (specifically, a voltage-to-frequency conversion chip), the voltage signal is converted into a PWM frequency signal, the PWM frequency signal drives the triode Q1, the triode Q1 works in an on-off state, a loop where a load is located transmits a PWM current signal, PWM voltage signals are generated at two ends of the load, an optical coupler is adopted at the load end to receive the signal, and the output signal of the sensor core can be obtained by demodulating the PWM frequency signal.
The sensor output circuit can modulate frequency and current simultaneously, the load end adopts the optical coupler to receive signals, the output signal of the sensor core body can be obtained only by demodulating PWM frequency signals, and the output signal is irrelevant to the current and only relevant to the frequency, so that when the load is increased, the signal of the sensor is not distorted, and the load carrying capacity is greatly improved; the output frequency is in direct proportion to the output voltage of the sensor core, the output signal of the sensor core is obtained by demodulating the frequency, and the anti-interference capability is strong; in addition, the constant current source unit 3 is adopted, so that the current output capacity is high.
In an embodiment, the constant current source unit 3 includes a three-terminal regulator U1 and a resistance module, an input terminal of the three-terminal regulator U1 is connected to the load, an output terminal of the three-terminal regulator U1 is connected to one end of the resistance module, and a ground terminal of the three-terminal regulator and the other end of the resistance module are both connected to a collector of the transistor Q1. The constant current source unit 3 is formed by the three-terminal voltage stabilizer, and the circuit structure is simple.
In a specific embodiment, the resistor module includes a resistor R2 and a resistor R3, the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 are connected in series, one end of the resistor R3 is connected to an output terminal of the three-terminal regulator U1, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to one end of the resistor R2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to a collector of the transistor Q1. In addition, the MOS transistor Q2 is further included, the source electrode of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, and the drain electrode of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R3.
When the MOS transistor Q2 is not turned on, the current of the constant current source unit 3 is:
wherein Vr is the reference voltage inside the three-terminal regulator, and PWM current signals are transmitted in the circuit;
when the MOS transistor Q2 is turned on, the current of the constant current source unit 3 increases to:
the switching control of the MOS transistor Q2 is adopted to realize the current size adjustment of the constant current source circuit, so that the constant current source circuit is suitable for loads with different sizes.
In a specific embodiment, the device further comprises an optical coupler U2 and a MOS drive unit 4, an input end of the optical coupler U2 is connected in series with one of a plurality of parallel loads, an output end of the optical coupler U2 is connected with an input end of the MOS drive unit 4 through a filter unit 5, and an output end of the MOS drive unit 4 is connected with a gate and a drain of a MOS transistor Q2. Specifically, the filtering unit 5 includes a resistor R4 and a capacitor C1, an output end of the optocoupler U2 is connected to an input end of the MOS driving unit 4 through the resistor R4, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the input end of the MOS driving unit 4, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to a ground end of the optocoupler U2, wherein the optocoupler U2 is grounded after passing through the resistor R5.
Specifically, suppose that the circuit can drive n loads, the n loads are connected in parallel, when the loads are increased, the current flowing through each load is also reduced, in order to increase the load capacity of the circuit, when the nth/2 load is connected, the optocoupler U2 is connected in series, the PWM current flowing through the loads forms PWM voltage signals at two ends of R5 through the optocoupler U2, the PWM voltage signals are converted into direct current voltage through the filtering unit 5 formed by R4 and C1, a driving signal is output through the MOS driving circuit, the MOS transistor Q2 is conducted, and the total current flowing through the circuit is i1Is increased to i2The circuit current is increased and the load carrying capacity is increased. By configuring the parameters of R2 and R3 and the load,more than 20 loads can be simultaneously provided with signals, and each load receives a frequency signal without distortion.
In one embodiment, an inductor L1 is connected in series between the load and the power source VCC1 of the load. The L1 inductor is used to weaken the surge current of the transistor Q1 at the instant of conducting the constant current source unit 3, because if the surge current is too large at the instant of power-on, the constant current source composed of a general three-terminal regulator cannot work at a frequency above several kHz. When there is no inductor L1, the three-terminal regulator (such as LM117), the internal reference Vr is 1.25V, R2 is 100 Ω, the MOS transistor Q2 and the triode are turned on, the constant current design value is 12.5ma, and the far-end load is 10 Ω, the voltage at the far-end load, that is, the current flowing through the constant current source loop, is measured at different frequencies, as shown in fig. 3: when the driving frequency of the triode Q1 is 1kHz and below, the current flowing through the loop can reach the design value of 12.5ma, but when the frequency is increased to 3kHz and above, the current flowing through the loop is 2ma which is far lower than the design value, the current is too small, and the anti-interference capability of the circuit is not strong. After the L1 inductor is added, when the driving frequency of the triode Q1 is 7kHz and above, the current flowing through the loop can reach the design value, and as shown in figure 4, the anti-interference capability of the circuit is greatly improved.
Further, a freewheeling diode D1 is connected in parallel with the inductor L1, the anode of the freewheeling diode D1 is connected to the power source VCC1, and the other end is connected to the load. The freewheeling diode is used for preventing the reverse voltage of the inductor L1 from being too high when the transistor Q1 is cut off, so that the devices in the circuit are damaged.
The invention also discloses an integrated circuit board, wherein the sensor signal output circuit is packaged on the integrated circuit board, and the integrated circuit board also has the advantages of the output circuit.
The invention can solve the problems of insufficient load carrying capacity, signal distortion and the like when the sensor simultaneously provides signals for a plurality of loads. The circuit can simultaneously adjust the frequency and the current of the output signal of the sensor, and the signal of the sensor is only related to the frequency and is not related to the current, so that the distortion of the transmission signal is avoided, and the reliability of signal transmission is improved; the invention is especially suitable for occasions such as aircrafts, armored vehicles and the like which need to provide reliable signals for a plurality of subsystems at the same time, and has simple circuit structure and strong signal anti-interference capability.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (10)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111039491.7A CN113938123A (en) | 2021-09-06 | 2021-09-06 | A sensor signal output circuit and circuit board |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111039491.7A CN113938123A (en) | 2021-09-06 | 2021-09-06 | A sensor signal output circuit and circuit board |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04217861A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-08-07 | Nemitsuku Ramuda Kk | Switching power supply |
| JPH05236795A (en) * | 1992-02-19 | 1993-09-10 | Hi Tech Lab Inc | Controller and control method for induction motor |
| CN203231777U (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2013-10-09 | 燕山大学 | An electromagnetic flowmeter driving circuit |
| CN203840623U (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-09-17 | 北京新时空照明技术有限公司 | Light control circuit based on pressure sensor control |
| CN204043732U (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-12-24 | 燕山大学 | A kind of dual frequency electromagnetic flowmeter driving circuit |
| CN113759436A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-07 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | Take income water detection sensor of self-heating function |
-
2021
- 2021-09-06 CN CN202111039491.7A patent/CN113938123A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04217861A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-08-07 | Nemitsuku Ramuda Kk | Switching power supply |
| JPH05236795A (en) * | 1992-02-19 | 1993-09-10 | Hi Tech Lab Inc | Controller and control method for induction motor |
| CN203231777U (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2013-10-09 | 燕山大学 | An electromagnetic flowmeter driving circuit |
| CN203840623U (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-09-17 | 北京新时空照明技术有限公司 | Light control circuit based on pressure sensor control |
| CN204043732U (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-12-24 | 燕山大学 | A kind of dual frequency electromagnetic flowmeter driving circuit |
| CN113759436A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-07 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | Take income water detection sensor of self-heating function |
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