CN113937310B - Platinum-based catalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and particularly discloses a platinum-based catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the raw materials for preparing the platinum-based catalyst comprise a platinum precursor and an auxiliary agent, and the auxiliary agent comprises chloride and inorganic acid; the chloride comprises sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride; the inorganic acid includes boric acid and/or silicic acid. The preparation method of the platinum-based catalyst comprises the following steps: mixing a platinum precursor, a transition metal precursor salt and an auxiliary agent, and then placing the mixture in a reducing atmosphere for heat treatment to obtain a reaction product; and (3) placing the reaction product in an acid solution for acid washing, and obtaining the platinum-based catalyst after centrifugation and washing. According to the platinum-based catalyst disclosed by the invention, the traditional organic solvent is replaced by the confinement effect of the solid crystal chloride, boric acid and silicic acid are used as structure directing agents, the solid-phase preparation of the high-efficiency platinum-based nanowire is realized, the dependence of the traditional synthesis method on organic solvents such as oleylamine is eliminated, the preparation method is green and efficient, and the prepared catalyst has excellent oxygen reduction performance.

Description

A kind of platinum-based catalyst and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and in particular relates to a platinum-based catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

Environmental pollution and energy shortage are two severe challenges facing human society today, and vigorously developing a variety of alternative renewable energy sources has become extremely critical. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), as a device that can directly convert hydrogen energy into electricity, has the characteristics of cleanness, high efficiency, mild operating conditions and abundant raw material sources. One of the most effective means of environmental problems.

At present, there are still many difficulties to be overcome to realize the commercialization and large-scale application of PEMFC fuel cells. The most prominent problem is the slow rate of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which requires a large amount of platinum (Pt)-based catalysts, which are very limited and expensive globally. Although non-platinum catalysts for fuel cells have made remarkable achievements in recent years, their catalytic activity and stability still cannot meet the requirements of practical applications, especially in acidic media, the activity and stability of non-platinum catalysts are comparable to those of platinum-based catalysts. There is still a big gap between the catalysts. Therefore, the development of high-efficiency and stable low-platinum catalysts is still one of the key technologies for the commercial promotion of fuel cells at this stage.

One-dimensional platinum-based catalysts have received extensive research and attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their unique physicochemical properties. When used as a cathode oxygen reduction catalyst, its mass activity and specific activity are dozens of times higher than those of traditional commercial platinum-carbon catalysts. After years of efforts, although the preparation technology of platinum-based nanowires has made great progress, its complex process, high raw material prices, and potential environmental risks of production waste limit its wide-scale promotion to a certain extent. Therefore, how to realize the efficient and green production of platinum-based alloy nanowire catalysts will play a crucial role in promoting the commercialization of fuel cells.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention proposes a platinum-based catalyst and its preparation method and application, so as to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial choice or create conditions.

To overcome the above technical problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a platinum-based catalyst.

Specifically, a platinum-based catalyst, the raw materials for preparing the catalyst include platinum precursors and auxiliary agents, and the auxiliary agents include chlorides and inorganic acids; the chlorides include sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride; The inorganic acid includes boric acid and/or silicic acid.

The present invention selects chloride and inorganic acid as auxiliary agents for preparing platinum-based catalyst raw materials, utilizes the confinement effect of solid crystal chloride sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride to replace traditional organic solvent, inorganic acid boric acid and/or silicic acid As a structure directing agent, the solid-phase preparation of platinum-based nanowires is realized, which gets rid of the dependence of traditional catalyst synthesis methods on organic solvents such as oleylamine, which not only reduces the potential harm of organic solvents to the environment in the production process, but also realizes platinum-based catalysts. efficient production.

As a further improvement of the above scheme, the raw material further includes a transition metal precursor salt, and the transition metal precursor salt is selected from at least one of iron metal salt, cobalt metal salt, nickel metal salt, and copper metal salt.

As a further improvement of the above scheme, the molar ratio of platinum ions in the platinum precursor to transition metal ions in the transition metal precursor is 5:1-1:2.

Preferably, the platinum precursor is selected from at least one of chloroplatinic acid, potassium chloroplatinate, platinum acetylacetonate, and platinum chloride.

As a further improvement of the above scheme, the raw material also includes a carrier.

Specifically, the carrier is mainly used to support the platinum-based catalyst. After loading, it is conducive to better uniform deposition of the catalyst-based catalyst on the carrier, preventing the agglomeration of the catalyst powder, which is conducive to the full exposure of the active site of the catalyst, and further Promote the conductivity of the catalyst.

Preferably, the carrier is carbon powder. A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst, comprising the following steps:

(1) after mixing the platinum precursor, the transition metal precursor salt and the auxiliary agent, it is placed in a reducing atmosphere for heat treatment to obtain a reaction product;

(2) The reaction product is placed in an acid solution for thermal acid treatment to obtain a platinum-based catalyst.

Specifically, in step (2), the thermal acid treatment is mainly used to remove the unstable transition metal salts remaining on the surface of the reaction product, so as to fully expose the active sites of platinum to improve the electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst.

Preferably, the mixing method is ball milling or resonance mixing.

Preferably, the reducing atmosphere is a hydrogen atmosphere.

As a further improvement of the above scheme, after step (2), it further includes the step of depositing the platinum-based catalyst on a carbon carrier to obtain a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst.

Preferably, the step of depositing the platinum-based catalyst on the carrier is as follows: mixing the platinum-based catalyst and carbon powder in a cyclohexane solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion, so that the platinum-based catalyst is uniformly deposited on the carbon powder carrier, and centrifuging After separation and drying, a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst was obtained.

As a further improvement of the above scheme, in step (1), the temperature of the heat treatment is 250-500°C, the time of the heat treatment is 250-300min, and the heating rate is 1-5°C/min.

Preferably, in step (2), the acid solution is selected from at least one of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, glacial acetic acid and sulfuric acid;

Preferably, the temperature of the hot pickling is 50-100°C, and the time is 1-12 hours;

Preferably, the concentration of the acid solution is 0.1-2 mol/L.

A third aspect of the present invention provides the use of a platinum-based catalyst.

Specifically, a battery includes the above platinum-based catalyst.

Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned technical solutions of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

In the platinum-based catalyst of the invention, chloride and inorganic acid are used as auxiliary agents in the preparation process, the confinement effect of solid crystal chloride is used to replace traditional organic solvents, and boric acid and silicic acid are used as structure-directing agents to realize high-performance platinum-based catalysts. The solid-phase preparation of the catalyst gets rid of the dependence of traditional synthesis methods on organic solvents such as oleylamine. After the reaction, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, boric acid and silicic acid can be removed by washing, which simplifies the experimental process and reduces the reaction waste. Environmental hazards, and the preparation process is simple, easy to operate, and can quickly realize large-scale production. At the same time, the platinum-based catalyst of the present invention has excellent electrocatalytic performance and stability in the oxygen reduction process, which can significantly reduce the cost of the fuel cell and realize the industrial application of the fuel cell.

The platinum-based catalyst prepared by the invention has uniform microscopic morphology and structure, and presents a three-dimensional coral-like structure composed of one-dimensional nanowires. Oxygen reduction performance of base catalysts. It has excellent catalytic performance for oxygen reduction when applied in fuel cells.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the TEM image of the platinum-based catalyst prepared in Example 1 at different magnifications;

Figure 2 is a TEM image of the platinum-based catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 1;

Figure 3 is a TEM image of the platinum-based catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 2;

4 is a graph of ORR polarization curves of platinum-based catalysts of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be specifically described below through the examples, so as to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It is necessary to point out that the examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Restriction, those skilled in the art, according to the above-mentioned content of the invention, the non-essential improvement and adjustment of the present invention should still belong to the protection scope of the present invention, meanwhile, the raw materials mentioned below are not described in detail, all are commercially available Products, process steps or preparation methods not mentioned in detail are all process steps or preparation methods known to those skilled in the art.

Example 1

A preparation method of a platinum-based catalyst, comprising the following steps:

(1) 30mg of platinum acetylacetonate, 200mg of potassium chloride and 200mg of boric acid were successively added to the ball-milling tank, and after the raw materials were fully mixed uniformly by ball-milling for 30min, it was put into a quartz boat and transferred to a H atmosphere tube furnace for temperature _- programmed heating heat treatment, the treatment temperature is 300 °C, the treatment time is 1 hour, and the heating rate is 5 °C/min to obtain a reaction product;

(2) transferring the reaction product to a 1 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, treating at 80° C. for 2 hours, after pickling, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain a platinum-based catalyst;

(3) Mix 10 mg of platinum-based catalyst and 40 mg of XC-72 carbon powder in 10 ml of cyclohexane solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 1 hour, so that the platinum-based catalyst is uniformly deposited on the carbon carrier, and after centrifugal separation and drying, the carbon-supported catalyst is obtained. of platinum-based catalysts.

Example 2

A preparation method of a platinum-based catalyst, comprising the following steps:

(1) 30mg of platinum acetylacetonate, 10mg of nickel acetylacetonate, 400mg of potassium chloride and 300mg of boric acid were successively added into the ball mill tank, and after the ball mill 30min fully mixed the raw materials, it was put into the quartz boat and transferred to the H _atmosphere tube type A temperature-programmed heat treatment is performed in the furnace, the treatment temperature is 300 °C, the treatment time is 1 hour, and the heating rate is 5 °C/min to obtain a reaction product;

(2) transferring the reaction product to a 1 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, treating at 80° C. for 2 hours, after pickling, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain a platinum-based catalyst;

(3) Mix 10 mg of platinum-based catalyst and 40 mg of XC-72 carbon powder in 10 ml of cyclohexane solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 1 hour, so that the platinum-based catalyst is uniformly deposited on the carbon carrier, and after centrifugal separation and drying, the carbon-supported catalyst is obtained. of platinum-based catalysts.

Example 3

A preparation method of a platinum-based catalyst, comprising the following steps:

(1) 30mg potassium chloroplatinate, 10mg ferric acetylacetonate, 400mg potassium chloride and 300mg silicic acid were successively added into the ball mill tank, and after ball milling for 30min to fully mix the raw materials, put it into the quartz boat and transfer it to H _atmosphere Perform temperature-programmed heat treatment in a tube furnace, the treatment temperature is 300 °C, the treatment time is 1 hour, and the heating rate is 5 °C/min to obtain the reaction product;

(2) transferring the reaction product to a 1 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, treating at 80° C. for 2 hours, after pickling, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain a platinum-based catalyst;

(3) Mix 10 mg of platinum-based catalyst and 40 mg of XC-72 carbon powder in 10 ml of cyclohexane solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 1 hour, so that the platinum-based catalyst is uniformly deposited on the carbon carrier, and after centrifugal separation and drying, the carbon-supported catalyst is obtained. of platinum-based catalysts.

Example 4

A preparation method of a platinum-based catalyst, comprising the following steps:

(1) 30mg potassium chloroplatinate, 10mg cobalt acetylacetonate, 500mg potassium chloride and 200mg silicic acid were successively added into the tank, and after the raw materials _were fully mixed for 30min by resonance mixing, it was put into the quartz boat and transferred to H atmosphere A temperature-programmed heat treatment is performed in a tube furnace, the treatment temperature is 250 °C, the treatment time is 1 hour, and the heating rate is 5 °C/min to obtain a reaction product;

(2) transferring the reaction product to a 1 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, treating at 80° C. for 2 hours, after pickling, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain a platinum-based catalyst;

(3) Mix 10 mg of platinum-based catalyst and 40 mg of XC-72 carbon powder in 10 ml of cyclohexane solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 1 hour, so that the platinum-based catalyst is uniformly deposited on the carbon carrier, and after centrifugal separation and drying, the carbon-supported catalyst is obtained. of platinum-based catalysts.

Example 5

A preparation method of a platinum-based catalyst, comprising the following steps:

(1) 30mg of platinum acetylacetonate, 8mg of cobalt acetylacetonate, 200mg of sodium chloride and 300mg of boric acid were successively added into the ball mill tank, and after the raw materials were fully mixed evenly by ball mill for 30min, it was put into the quartz boat and transferred to the H ₂ atmosphere tube type Perform temperature-programmed heat treatment in the furnace, the treatment temperature is 250 °C, the treatment time is 1 hour, and the heating rate is 5 °C/min to obtain a reaction product;

(2) transferring the reaction product to a 1 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, treating at 80° C. for 2 hours, after pickling, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain a platinum-based catalyst;

(3) Mix 10 mg of platinum-based catalyst and 40 mg of XC-72 carbon powder in 10 ml of cyclohexane solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 1 hour, so that the platinum-based catalyst is uniformly deposited on the carbon carrier, and after centrifugal separation and drying, the carbon-supported catalyst is obtained. of platinum-based catalysts.

Example 6

A preparation method of a platinum-based catalyst, comprising the following steps:

(1) 30mg of platinum acetylacetonate, 8mg of nickel chloride hexahydrate, 400mg of potassium chloride and 300mg of boric acid were successively added to the tank, and after the raw materials _were fully mixed for 30min by resonance mixing, it was put into a quartz boat and transferred to H atmosphere A temperature-programmed heat treatment is performed in a tube furnace, the treatment temperature is 250 °C, the treatment time is 1 hour, and the heating rate is 5 °C/min to obtain a reaction product;

(2) transferring the reaction product to a 1 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, treating at 80° C. for 2 hours, after pickling, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain a platinum-based catalyst;

(3) Mix 10 mg of platinum-based catalyst and 40 mg of XC-72 carbon powder in 10 ml of cyclohexane solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 1 hour, so that the platinum-based catalyst is uniformly deposited on the carbon carrier, and after centrifugal separation and drying, the carbon-supported catalyst is obtained. of platinum-based catalysts.

Example 7

A preparation method of a platinum-based catalyst, comprising the following steps:

(1) 30mg of potassium chloroplatinate, 12mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 500mg of potassium chloride and 300mg of boric acid were successively added to the ball mill tank, and the raw materials were fully mixed by ball milling for 30min, and then put into a quartz boat and transferred to H ₂ A temperature-programmed heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere tube furnace, the treatment temperature is 250 °C, the treatment time is 1 hour, and the heating rate is 5 °C/min to obtain the reaction product;

(2) transferring the reaction product to a 1 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, treating at 80° C. for 2 hours, after pickling, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain a platinum-based catalyst;

(3) Mix 10 mg of platinum-based catalyst and 40 mg of XC-72 carbon powder in 10 ml of cyclohexane solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 1 hour, so that the platinum-based catalyst is uniformly deposited on the carbon carrier, and after centrifugal separation and drying, the carbon-supported catalyst is obtained. of platinum-based catalysts.

Example 8

A preparation method of a platinum-based catalyst, comprising the following steps:

(1) 30mg of platinum acetylacetonate, 12mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 400mg of sodium chloride and 300mg of silicic acid were successively added into the ball mill tank, and after the ball mill 30min fully mixed the raw materials, it was put into a quartz boat and transferred to H ₂ A temperature-programmed heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere tube furnace, the treatment temperature is 250 °C, the treatment time is 1 hour, and the heating rate is 5 °C/min to obtain the reaction product;

(2) transferring the reaction product to a 1 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, treating at 80° C. for 2 hours, after pickling, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain a platinum-based catalyst;

(3) Mix 10 mg of platinum-based catalyst and 40 mg of XC-72 carbon powder in 10 ml of cyclohexane solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 1 hour, so that the platinum-based catalyst is uniformly deposited on the carbon carrier, and after centrifugal separation and drying, the carbon-supported catalyst is obtained. of platinum-based catalysts.

Comparative Example 1

A preparation method of a platinum-based catalyst, comprising the following steps:

(1) 30mg potassium chloroplatinate, 12mg cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 500mg potassium chloride were successively added into the ball mill tank, and after the raw materials _were fully mixed uniformly by ball milling for 30min, it was put into the quartz boat and transferred to the H atmosphere tube type Perform temperature-programmed heat treatment in the furnace, the treatment temperature is 250 °C, the treatment time is 1 hour, and the heating rate is 5 °C/min to obtain a reaction product;

(2) transferring the reaction product to a 1 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, treating at 80° C. for 2 hours, after pickling, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain a platinum-based catalyst;

(3) Mix 10 mg of platinum-based catalyst and 40 mg of XC-72 carbon powder in 10 ml of cyclohexane solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 1 hour, so that the platinum-based catalyst is uniformly deposited on the carbon carrier, and after centrifugal separation and drying, the carbon-supported catalyst is obtained. of platinum-based catalysts.

Comparative Example 2

A preparation method of a platinum-based catalyst, comprising the following steps:

(1) 30mg platinum acetylacetonate, 15mg cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 400mg boric acid were successively added into the ball mill tank, and after the ball mill 30min fully mixed the raw materials, put it into the quartz boat and transfer it to H ₂ atmosphere tube furnace for carrying out Temperature-programmed heat treatment, the treatment temperature is 250 °C, the treatment time is 1 hour, and the heating rate is 5 °C/min to obtain a reaction product;

(2) transferring the reaction product to a 1 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, treating at 80° C. for 2 hours, after pickling, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain a platinum-based catalyst;

(3) Mix 10 mg of platinum-based catalyst and 40 mg of XC-72 carbon powder in 10 ml of cyclohexane solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 1 hour, so that the platinum-based catalyst is uniformly deposited on the carbon carrier, and after centrifugal separation and drying, the carbon-supported catalyst is obtained. of platinum-based catalysts.

Comparative Example 3

Commercially available platinum-based catalyst JM Pt/C prepared with organic solvents.

Performance Testing

1. Microstructure

The microstructures of the platinum-based catalysts prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were tested by transmission electron microscopy. It can be seen from the test results in Figure 1 that the platinum-based catalysts prepared in Example 1 had a uniform structure, showing a one-dimensional structure. The three-dimensional coral-like structure assembled by nanowires has a diameter of about 3 nm, which is conducive to the full exposure of Pt atoms and improves the oxygen reduction performance of platinum-based catalysts. The interplanar spacing is 0.22 nm, which corresponds to the (111) crystal plane of the Pt standard card, further confirming the sufficient exposure of platinum atoms to facilitate the electrochemical performance of the catalyst. It can be seen from the test results in Figures 2 and 3 that when no organic acid (boric acid or silicic acid) or chloride (sodium chloride or potassium chloride) is added, the prepared catalyst particles are extremely large, with serious agglomeration, which is not conducive to platinum atoms, etc. The exposure of catalytic active sites will also lead to a decrease in the electrochemical performance of the catalyst.

2. Electrochemical properties

First, weigh 2.5 mg of the platinum-based catalyst prepared in Example 1 and the platinum-based catalysts of Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively, and put them in an electrochemical test bottle, then add 1 ml of an ethanol solution containing 0.25 wt% Nafion, and ultrasonically disperse and mix evenly. . Then, use a pipette to pipette 5 μL of the suspension and apply it to the surface of the glassy carbon electrode with a diameter of 5 mm. Finally, the working electrode coated with the catalyst suspension was naturally air-dried for use.

Before carrying out the electrochemical test, the working electrode prepared by the above process is firstly put into a suitable electrolyte to connect the circuit, and then the cyclic voltammetry scan is carried out according to the set procedure. The specific parameters of the test process are as follows: the scan speed is 50mVs ^-1 , the scan range is 0.1-1.1V, the number of scan cycles is 50, the electrolyte is 0.1M HClO ₄ , and N ₂ is passed through to saturation before use. After completing the CV scan under _N2 conditions, the working electrode was transferred to the oxygen-saturated electrolyte to study the oxygen reduction performance. The specific experimental parameters were as follows: the rotational speed was set to 1600 rpm, the step size was set to 5mV, and the scan rate was set to 10mV s ^{− 1} , the test range is 0.1-1.1V, the above voltage refers to the reversible hydrogen electrode. The electrochemical test results are shown in Figure 4. In the figure, the abscissa Potential is the voltage, and the ordinate Current density is the current density. It can be seen from Figure 4 that under the same Pt loading, the platinum-based catalyst of Example 1 is the same as that of Comparative Example 1. Compared with the platinum-based catalyst of -3, the oxygen reduction performance of Example 1 is significantly improved, indicating that the platinum-based catalyst prepared by the present invention has superior oxygen reduction performance. However, all of Examples 2-8 can obtain similar effects to those of Example 1.

Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear description, and are not intended to limit the implementation manner. For those of ordinary skill in the art, changes or modifications in other different forms can also be made on the basis of the above description. There is no need and cannot be exhaustive of all implementations here. However, the obvious changes or changes derived therefrom still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a preparation method of platinum-based catalyst, is characterized in that, the raw material for preparing described platinum-based catalyst comprises platinum precursor, auxiliary agent and transition metal precursor salt; Described auxiliary agent comprises chloride and mineral acid, described The chloride includes sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride, and the inorganic acid includes boric acid and/or silicic acid; the chloride acts as a confinement effect, and the inorganic acid acts as a structure directing agent; The platinum-based catalyst is prepared in solid phase, which specifically includes the following steps: (1) After mixing the platinum precursor, the transition metal precursor salt and the auxiliary agent, heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere to obtain a reaction product; the temperature of the heat treatment is 250-500 ° C, and the heat treatment time is 250- 300min; (2) placing the reaction product in an acid solution for pickling to obtain a platinum-based catalyst; the platinum-based catalyst is composed of one-dimensional nanowires. 2. the preparation method of platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, The transition metal precursor salt is selected from at least one of iron metal salts, cobalt metal salts, nickel metal salts, and copper metal salts. 3. the preparation method of platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mol ratio of the platinum ion in the described platinum precursor and the transition metal ion in the transition metal precursor salt is 5:1-1: 2. 4 . The method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the platinum precursor is selected from at least one of chloroplatinic acid, potassium chloroplatinate, platinum acetylacetonate, and platinum chloride. 5 . 5 . The method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the raw material further comprises a carrier, and the carrier comprises carbon powder. 6 . 6 . The method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst according to claim 5 , wherein after step (2), it further comprises the step of depositing the platinum-based catalyst on the carbon powder to obtain a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst. 7 . . 7. The method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the acid solution is selected from at least one of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, glacial acetic acid, and sulfuric acid; The temperature of the pickling is 50-100°C, and the time is 1-12 hours; The concentration of the acid solution is 0.1-2 mol/L. 8 . A platinum-based catalyst, characterized in that, the platinum-based catalyst is prepared by the method for preparing a platinum-based catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 7 . 9. A battery comprising the platinum-based catalyst of claim 8.

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