CN113936817A - Fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions - Google Patents
Fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN113936817A CN113936817A CN202111196479.7A CN202111196479A CN113936817A CN 113936817 A CN113936817 A CN 113936817A CN 202111196479 A CN202111196479 A CN 202111196479A CN 113936817 A CN113936817 A CN 113936817A
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- flow channel
- cover plate
- square
- cladding
- inner tube
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 titanium nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001175 oxide dispersion-strengthened alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/13—First wall; Blanket; Divertor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions. The structure uses low-activation steel or reinforced low-activation steel as the material of the outer wall of the runner and uses a thin-wall iron-chromium alloy pipe as the inner wall of the runner. By using the cladding flow channel structure, a corrosion-resistant tritium-resistant coating is not required to be prepared on the inner wall of the flow channel by means of a coating technology, so that the cladding manufacturing process is greatly simplified, and the manufacturing cost can be effectively reduced. Through the implementation of the invention, tritium can be effectively prevented from entering the structural material and the coolant when the cladding runs, and meanwhile, the corrosion of the flow in the flow channel to the pipeline wall is relieved. When the pipeline wall is damaged by fluid, the inner pipe can be oxidized again to realize self-repairing, and the stable operation of the fusion reactor under the severe working condition of operation is kept.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion engineering, in particular to a fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions.
Background
The fuel tritium of the fusion reactor is a scarce resource and extremely expensive, so that the fuel tritium must be produced by using the reaction of neutrons and lithium in the fusion reactor in the future. The cladding is a special part for producing tritium in the fusion reactor, and a large number of flow channel structures are contained for flowing of cooling media and liquid breeder.
Because tritium is extremely expensive, the tritium enters the coolant through the flow channel wall to increase the load of a tritium recovery system, and the economical efficiency of fusion energy power generation is influenced. Meanwhile, tritium has radioactivity, and a coolant mixed with a large amount of tritium pollutes a cooling loop and affects the nuclear safety of the fusion reactor. Thus, existing fusion reactor blanket designs have proposed making a nm to μm thick tritium resistant corrosion protection coating inside the flow channel tube. The coating materials are mainly some oxides, such as aluminum oxide, erbium oxide, chromium oxide, yttrium oxide, etc., and some nitrides and carbides, such as titanium nitride, etc. At present, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, hot dipping, embedding, spraying, electroplating, sol-gel method and the like are applied to preparation methods of a plurality of coatings, and the basic scheme is that a material which has low tritium permeability and is not easy to react with a coolant or a liquid breeder is coated on a base material of a runner wall to achieve the purpose of tritium resistance.
Because the length of the flow channel can reach more than 1m and the flow channel is provided with a bend and other complex structures, and the section size (the diameter of a circular flow channel or the side length of a square flow channel) is usually from several mm to tens of mm, the uniform tritium-resistant or anti-corrosion coating is extremely difficult to manufacture in the flow channel. Some methods (such as methods shown in patents CN200910264126, CN201310580813, and CN 201710364870) may realize the preparation of tritium-resistant coatings on the inner wall of the flow channel, but in the process of the fusion reactor operation, the coatings may be embrittled after being irradiated by neutrons, and a coolant or a liquid breeder also interacts with the wall surface of the flow channel at high temperature, so that the wall surface is corroded, the coatings crack and fall off, and the tritium-resistant and corrosion-resistant effects are lost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions. The structure uses low activation steel (RAFM) or reinforced low activation steel as the material of the outer wall of the flow channel, and has higher strength, thermal conductivity and fusion neutron irradiation resistance. The thin-wall iron-chromium alloy pipe is used as the inner wall of the runner, and a compact oxide layer is obtained on the surface of the thin-wall iron-chromium alloy pipe by means of thermal oxidation in an oxygen control atmosphere at a specific temperature, so that tritium resistance and corrosion resistance effects are realized. After the flow channel structure is processed, other coatings do not need to be coated in the flow channel, and the process is simple. In the using process, after the oxide layer on the surface of the flow channel is corroded or stripped, the matrix is easy to oxidize again on the damaged surface, and the surface can be automatically repaired.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions comprises a flow channel (11) suitable for facing a first wall of a fusion reactor cladding to plasma, and a flow channel (12) of a cladding internal support plate or clamp plate; when the cladding is in operation, the coolant or liquid proliferation agent (24) passes through the flow passage; the flow passage structure comprises: the upper cover plate, the flow channel inner tube and the lower cover plate are connected by hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding or fusion welding. The first wall is positioned to face the plasma and is subjected to heat from the plasma; the supporting plate or clamping plate inside the cladding mainly plays a role in supporting and radiating the cladding.
The flow channel (12) of the supporting plate or the clamping plate inside the cladding is that the supporting plate or the clamping plate is arranged inside the cladding; when the support plate is arranged inside the cladding, the support plate is provided with a flow channel (12); when the cladding has a clamp plate inside, the clamp plate has a flow passage (12).
Furthermore, the shape of the inner flow passage pipe adopts a round inner flow passage pipe (22), a square inner flow passage pipe (32) or a square inner flow passage pipe (35) with a round angle; when using the hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding manufacturing process, the inner tube is sealed as part of the capsule.
Furthermore, the materials of the round flow passage inner tube (22), the square flow passage inner tube (32) and the rounded square flow passage inner tube (35) are iron-chromium alloy, the alloy takes iron as a base material, the chromium content is 10-22 wt%, the aluminum content is 0-5 wt%, the silicon content is 0-1.8%, and trace (0-0.15 wt%) yttrium and/or zirconium elements are added.
Further, the upper cover plate shape comprises a circular flow passage upper cover plate (21), a square flow passage upper cover plate (31) and a slotted square flow passage upper cover plate (34).
Further, the lower cover plate shape comprises a round flow passage lower cover plate (23), a square flow passage lower cover plate (33) and a slotted square flow passage lower cover plate (36).
Furthermore, the circular runner upper cover plate (21), the square runner upper cover plate (31), the slotted square runner upper cover plate (34), the circular runner lower cover plate (23), the square runner lower cover plate (33) and the slotted square runner lower cover plate (36) are made of low-activation steel or reinforced low-activation steel materials.
The fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions comprises: the flow passage comprises an upper cover plate, a flow passage inner pipe and a lower cover plate.
The fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with the tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions is characterized in that the upper cover plate is made of low-activation steel or reinforced low-activation steel. The upper cover plate has two forms: the first is a flat plate type, the surface is smooth, and no additional processing is needed; and in the second type, a groove is milled in the shape of a pipe in a matched flow passage pipe.
The fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with the tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions is characterized in that the inner tube of the flow channel is made of iron-chromium-aluminum alloy. The alloy takes iron as a base material, the chromium content is 10-22 wt%, the aluminum content is 0-5 wt%, the silicon content is 0-1.8%, and trace (0-0.15 wt%) elements such as yttrium and zirconium are added to improve the stability of the material.
The fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions is characterized in that the lower cover plate is made of low-activation steel or reinforced low-activation steel. The cover plate has two forms: the first is a flat plate type, the surface is smooth, and no additional processing is needed; and the second method is to mill a groove on the shape of the inner tube of the matched runner tube and the upper cover plate.
According to the fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with the tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions, the upper cover plate, the inner tube material and the lower cover plate are sequentially spliced, and the fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure can be tightly combined by hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding or fusion welding.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention does not need to make a coating in the cladding flow channel, greatly simplifies the cladding manufacturing process and can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost. Through the implementation of the flow channel structure provided by the invention, tritium from plasma and a breeding agent can be effectively prevented from entering a coolant when the cladding runs, and meanwhile, the corrosion of the flow channel to the pipeline wall is relieved. When the pipeline wall is damaged by fluid, the inner pipe can be oxidized again to realize self-repairing, and the fusion reactor can work for a long time under the severe working condition of operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an application position of a flow channel structure provided by the embodiment of the invention in a fusion reactor cladding;
FIG. 2 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a tritium-resistant corrosion-resistant circular flow passage structure provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a tritium-resistant corrosion-resistant square flow passage structure provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a tritium-resistant corrosion-resistant rounded square flow channel structure provided by an embodiment of the invention;
in the drawings, the reference numerals denote: 11-a flow channel facing the first wall of the plasma, 12-a flow channel of a supporting plate or a clamping plate inside the cladding, 21-a circular flow channel upper cover plate, 22-a circular flow channel inner tube, 23-a circular flow channel lower cover plate, 24-a coolant or a liquid proliferation agent, 31-a square flow channel upper cover plate, 32-a square flow channel inner tube, 33-a square flow channel lower cover plate, 34-a slotted square flow channel upper cover plate, 35-a rounded square flow channel inner tube, and 36-a slotted square flow channel lower cover plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows exemplary locations in the cladding where the present invention is useful, including: a flow channel 11 facing the first wall of the plasma and a flow channel 12 of a support plate or clamping plate inside the envelope. The flow channel 11 of the fusion reactor cladding facing the first wall of the plasma, and the flow channel 12 of the cladding internal support plate or clamping plate. The first wall is positioned to face the plasma and is subjected to heat from the plasma; the supporting plate and the clamping plate in the cladding mainly play roles in supporting and radiating the cladding; when the cladding is in operation, the coolant or liquid proliferation agent 24 passes through the flow channels; the flow passage structure comprises: the upper cover plate, the flow channel inner tube and the lower cover plate are connected by hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding or fusion welding.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a circular flow channel for a support plate flow channel, wherein a circular flow channel upper cover plate 21 is made of low activation steel 9Cr2WV Ta, and a semicircular groove with a diameter of 9mm is milled. The circular runner inner pipe 22 is made of 22Cr4AlYZr iron-chromium alloy, the outer diameter is 9mm, and the wall thickness is 1 mm. The circular runner lower cover plate 23 is made of low-activation steel 9Cr2WVTa, and a semicircular groove with the diameter of 9mm is milled. And sequentially splicing a circular flow channel upper cover plate 21, a circular flow channel inner tube 22 and a circular flow channel lower cover plate 23, installing the components into a sheath, and sealing and welding, wherein the circular flow channel inner tube 22 is used as a part of the sheath, and the pressure in the flow channel is consistent with the pressure outside the sheath in the hot isostatic pressing process. The hot isostatic pressing parameters in this example are: the temperature is 750 ℃ and 800 ℃, the pressure is 100 ℃ and 130MPa, and the heat preservation time is 3-4.5 h. When the cladding is in operation, coolant or liquid proliferation agent 24 is passed through the circular flow passage inner tube 22.
Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the first wall square runner, which uses a flat square runner upper cover plate 31 made of a low activation steel F82H with a wall thickness of 2.5 mm. The square runner inner pipe 32 is a square pipe, the length of the outer edge is 8.5mm, the wall thickness is 0.5mm, and the material is 15Cr1.5SiY iron-chromium alloy. The surface of the square runner lower cover plate 33 is flat, and low-activation steel F82H is adopted. And sequentially splicing the square flow channel upper cover plate 31, the square flow channel inner tube 32 and the square flow channel lower cover plate 33, installing the components into a sheath, and sealing and welding, wherein the square flow channel inner tube 32 is used as a part of the sheath, and the pressure in the flow channel is consistent with the pressure outside the sheath in the hot isostatic pressing process. The hot isostatic pressing parameters in this example are: the temperature is 750-. During operation of the blanket, coolant or liquid growth agent 24 is passed through the flow channels of the square flow channel inner tube 32.
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the first wall square runner, which uses a slotted square runner upper cover plate 34 made of oxide dispersion strengthened low activation steel (ODS-RAFM), and has a side-milled groove with a depth of 4.5mm and a width of 9mm, a chamfer of 1mm at the bottom edge of the groove, and a wall thickness of 2.5mm at the bottom of the groove. The inner pipe 35 of the square runner with the rounded corners is a square pipe, the length of the outer edge is 8.5mm, the wall thickness is 0.5mm, and the rounded corners with the diameter of 1mm are rounded. The material is 12Cr1.5Si1AlY iron chromium alloy. One side of the slotted square runner lower cover plate 36 is milled with a 4.5mm deep and 9mm wide groove, the edge of the bottom of the groove is chamfered by 1mm, and the material is ODS steel. And sequentially splicing the upper cover plate 34 of the slotted square flow channel, the inner pipe 35 of the rounded square flow channel and the lower cover plate 36 of the slotted square flow channel into the sheath for sealing and welding, wherein the inner pipe 35 of the rounded square flow channel is used as one part of the sheath, and the pressure is consistent with the outside of the sheath in the hot isostatic pressing process. The hot isostatic pressing parameters in this example are: the temperature is 900-. When the cladding is in operation, the coolant or liquid proliferation agent 24 passes through the inner tube 35 with rounded square flow channels.
After the runner structure is processed, other coatings do not need to be coated in the runner, and a compact oxide layer is obtained on the surface of the runner by means of thermal oxidation in an oxygen control atmosphere at a specific temperature, so that tritium resistance and corrosion resistance effects can be achieved. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111196479.7A CN113936817B (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-10-14 | Fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions |
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| CN202111196479.7A CN113936817B (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-10-14 | Fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions |
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| CN113936817B CN113936817B (en) | 2024-03-22 |
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