CN113924933A - Planting method of sweet potatoes rich in SOD - Google Patents
Planting method of sweet potatoes rich in SOD Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113924933A CN113924933A CN202111339778.1A CN202111339778A CN113924933A CN 113924933 A CN113924933 A CN 113924933A CN 202111339778 A CN202111339778 A CN 202111339778A CN 113924933 A CN113924933 A CN 113924933A
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- Prior art keywords
- sweet potato
- sod
- mass ratio
- mixing
- sweet
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of sweet potatoes rich in SOD (superoxide dismutase), which comprises the following steps: applying sweet potato growth fertilizer in the planting field, deeply ploughing and uniformly mixing; ploughing the land to form ridges; compacting two sides of the film by using floating soil, and digging out a seedling raising pit; burying the root of the sweet potato seedling into a seedling raising pit, compacting the root with soil, supporting the upper part of the sweet potato seedling with floating soil to be vertical, and watering; after field planting, watering at regular time and spraying growth fertilizer spraying liquid; and (6) harvesting. The planting method of the sweet potatoes rich in SOD has high yield, and the harvested sweet potatoes are rich in nutrition and high in SOD content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sweet potato planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of sweet potatoes rich in SOD.
Background
The sweet potato contains high sweet potato starch, and is also rich in protein, vitamins, cellulose, mucin and other nutritional ingredients, wherein dehydroepiandrosterone unique to the sweet potato can prevent colon cancer and breast cancer; superoxide dismutase SOD, also called liver protein, can eliminate harmful substances generated in the metabolism process of organisms, resist aging and eliminate oxygen free radicals of the organisms. Sweet potato is a healthy and nutritious food. However, the sweet potato is easy to be disturbed by black spot and the like in the planting process of the sweet potato, and the sweet potato seedlings can be infected, so that the yield of the sweet potato is low. In addition, the cost of medication is high, the medication is not easy to master, and the problems of drug residue and the like need to be solved. Therefore, the method for planting the sweet potatoes is scientific and efficient, can provide the yield for resisting diseases, can increase the content of nutrient components such as SOD in the sweet potatoes, and has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of sweet potatoes rich in SOD.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a planting method of sweet potatoes rich in SOD comprises the following steps:
f1 applying sweet potato growth fertilizer of 210 kg and 240kg per mu of land in a planting field of Maanshan city and county in Anhui province, deeply turning over the land for 20-25 cm, breaking the turned-over soil, and uniformly mixing the broken soil with the sweet potato growth fertilizer; ploughing a ridge with the height of 8-12cm and the width of 8-15cm every 8-12 cm; compacting two sides of the polyvinyl chloride film on the ridges by using floating soil, and digging a row of seedling raising pits with the depth of 5-10cm and the distance of 20-30cm on the ridges;
f2 burying the roots of the sweet potato seedlings into the seedling raising pits in 3-20-4-10 days, compacting the roots with soil, lightly pressing the middle parts of the sweet potato seedlings on the ground and pressing the middle parts with floating soil, supporting the upper parts of the sweet potato seedlings with the floating soil and ensuring the upper parts of the sweet potato seedlings to be vertical, watering the water quantity to be 580-one-acre-land, and planting the sweet potato seedlings in 3300-one-acre-land of 3600 plants;
after the planting of the F3 sweet potato seedlings, watering the sweet potato seedlings once every 6-8 days at seven to eight points in the morning, wherein the watering amount is 280-320t per mu; spraying growth fertilizer spraying liquid to the sweet potato seedlings every 3-5 days at nine-ten points in the morning, wherein the spraying amount of the growth fertilizer spraying liquid is 110-140 kg/mu;
f4 sweet potato seedlings are grown in natural environment until harvested in 9 months, 20 days to 10 months and 10 days to obtain the sweet potato rich in SOD.
The growth fertilizer spraying liquid is obtained by mixing sweet potato growth fertilizer and water according to the mass ratio (0.5-1.2) to 1.
Preferably, the growth fertilizer spraying liquid is obtained by mixing sweet potato growth fertilizer, functional nutrients and water according to the mass ratio of (0.5-1.2) to (0.1-0.5) to 1.
The preparation method of the functional nutrient comprises the following steps:
mixing and crushing Chinese violet, astragalus, arisaema tuber, eucommia, great burdock achene and gentian, and sieving by a 50-100-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the Chinese violet to the astragalus to the arisaema tuber to the eucommia, the great burdock achene and the gentian is (1-2) to (2-3); adding the mixed powder, the sucrose and the urea into water, uniformly mixing, and performing microwave treatment for 50-90s at the power of 500-1000W to obtain a mixed material liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the sucrose to the urea to the water is (5-10) to (1-3) to (1-2) to 50; cooling to 27-32 deg.C, adding Lactobacillus brevis and Candida tropicalis, fermenting for 50-65 hr, and filtering to obtain filtrate; adding calcium lignosulfonate, zinc chloride, magnesium chloride and brassinolide into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the calcium lignosulfonate to the filtrate to the magnesium chloride to the brassinolide is (1-2) to (1-3) to (0.5-1) to 50. Preferably, the addition amount of the lactobacillus brevis is 107-108The addition amount of the candida tropicalis is 107-108CFU/g mixed feed liquid.
The preparation method of the sweet potato growth fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing the compound manure, the crop residues, the inorganic fertilizer, the retting fertilizer microbial inoculum and the water according to the mass ratio of (110-.
The compound manure is at least two of chicken manure, cattle manure, pig manure, human manure, duck manure and sheep manure. Preferably, the compound manure is a mixture of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure according to the mass ratio of (1-5) to (1-5).
The preparation method of the crop residue comprises the following steps: mixing corn straw, peanut shell and rice husk according to the mass ratio of (1-5) to (1-5), crushing and sieving with a 5-20-mesh sieve to obtain crop residue.
The inorganic fertilizer is at least two of monopotassium phosphate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate. Preferably, the inorganic fertilizer is a mixture of monopotassium phosphate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate according to a mass ratio of (1-3) to (4-6) to (1-5) to (1-3) to (2-4).
The preparation method of the fertilizer composting microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
q1 mixing the modified sepiolite, the glucose aqueous solution with the concentration of 4-7 wt.% and the L-lysine-L-glutamate according to the mass ratio of (0.7-1.3) to (2-4) to (0.05-0.08) at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and stirring at the rotating speed of 100-300rpm for 5-30min to obtain a suspension;
q2 adding composite strains into the suspension obtained from Q1, stirring at 30-38 ℃ and humidity of 80-88% at a rotating speed of 5-20rpm in the dark condition for 20-25h, centrifuging, taking out the precipitate, drying, and then carrying out vacuum packaging, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.8-1.3kPa, so as to obtain the fertilizer retting agent; the addition amount of the composite strain is 108-109CFU/g suspension.
The composite strain is at least two of bacillus cereus, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus belgii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus. Preferably, the composite strain is a mixture of bacillus cereus, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus belgii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus according to the mass ratio of (1-4) to (1-4).
The sweet potato planting method in the prior art often has the problem of low acre yield, and the SOD content and the vitamin C content in the obtained sweet potatoes cannot meet the increasing demands of the market; the fertilizer for sweet potato planting in the prior art often has the problem of insufficient fertility; in the prior art, the preservation carriers of the microbial inoculum for sweet potato planting can not be uniformly distributed in the composting process and the bacteria can be quickly diffused into the whole fermentation tank; in the effect obtained by the technology of taking sepiolite as a microbial inoculum carrier in the prior art, the preservation stability of the thalli is poor, and the market demand can not be met. Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a sweet potato planting method capable of increasing the SOD and vitamin C content in sweet potatoes and the acre yield of sweet potatoes, a compost microbial inoculum for sweet potatoes and a modified sepiolite as a carrier of the microbial inoculum.
The invention adopts L-lysine-L-glutamate as an activator to promote the diffusion capacity, spore production rate and attachment endurance of spores in the cavity of the modified sepiolite. The sweet potato growth fertilizer is obtained by fermenting the mixture of bacillus cereus, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus belgii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus serving as the composite strain, and the production of more SOD and vitamin C in sweet potatoes is promoted: the bacillus cereus can degrade nutrient components in excrement, crop residues and soil, improve the ecological environment and provide nutrient components such as growth factors, inorganic salts, organic matters and the like required by the growth of sweet potatoes; the pseudomonas fluorescens is an important plant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium, is one of the bacterium types with a large population number in known plant rhizosphere beneficial microorganisms, can utilize most of nutrition in root exudates to quickly colonize around plant roots and has the effects of promoting sweet potato growth and preventing diseases, so that more SOD and vitamin C are generated in the sweet potatoes, the effect of preventing and treating common diseases of the sweet potatoes can be achieved, and the pseudomonas fluorescens and various bacillus have good compatibility and can mutually promote physiological activities to improve the yield and the activity of cellulase and azotase; the Bacillus belgii can secrete and generate various bioactive substances including lipopeptide antibiotics, polyketide antibiotic enzymes, antibacterial proteins, phytohormones, IAA and ACC deaminase, can promote the growth and development of root systems and stems and leaves of sweet potatoes, enables the sweet potatoes to obtain more organic matters, and can effectively inhibit various plant pathogenic bacteria to reduce unnecessary loss; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens has good antagonistic effect on various viruses which can cause sweet potato infection; the bacillus laterosporus can promote the growth of plant root systems and enhance the absorption capacity of the root systems, thereby improving the crop yield, inhibiting the propagation of pathogenic bacteria inside and outside the plant body, lightening plant diseases and insect pests, reducing pesticide residues, loosening soil and solving the soil hardening phenomenon, thereby improving the soil fertility, improving the utilization rate of fertilizer, promoting the metabolism of sweet potatoes, promoting the photosynthesis of sweet potatoes and enabling the sweet potatoes to generate more SOD and vitamin C.
The invention adopts the alcohol-water solution of sodium metaphosphate to modify the charge distribution condition of the surface of the sepiolite particles, and adjusts the surface tension of the particle surface, so that the grafting rate is increased in the subsequent modification process of vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane and n-butyl lactate; the symmetrical orientation relation between the trisilicedioxy of the vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane and the carbon-carbon double bond at the middle position can improve the dispersibility of the sepiolite in a water body with high organic matter content, which is beneficial to quickly distributing thalli in a microbial inoculum taking the sepiolite as a carrier in a fermentation substrate, increasing the fermentation efficiency, reducing the time cost and simultaneously not weakening the specific high specific surface area characteristic of the sepiolite; the ester group and the four-carbon alkane chain structure in the n-butyl lactate can enhance the dispersity and the lasting strength of the sepiolite grafted by the vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane in the fermentation substrate. The modified sepiolite prepared by the specific method is used as a carrier of the composting microbial inoculum, has the capability of highly adsorbing the compound strains, and has good rapid diffusion capability and uniform distribution characteristic in the fermentation substrate taking excrement and crop residues as main bodies, so that thalli in the microbial inoculum can be rapidly dispersed to start a fermentation process; moreover, the modified sepiolite adopts n-butyl lactate as an auxiliary agent for graft modification, so that the biocompatibility of the modified sepiolite is improved, the survival condition of the used composite strain is improved, the efficacy and reliability of the composting microbial inoculum are ensured, and the stability during transportation and storage is also ensured. The invention adopts a high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave combined treatment mode to enable the vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane and the n-butyl lactate modified sepiolite to activate the charges on the surface and in the inner cavity of the sepiolite treated by the metaphosphoric acid alcohol aqueous solution and change the relative bond angle of silicon-oxygen bonds in the vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, and the ultrasonic wave provides enough reaction power for the diffusion and grafting of the vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane; in addition, the high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave combined treatment activates the vinylmethylbis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, so that the grafting uniformity and grafting firmness of the vinylmethylbis (trimethylsiloxy) silane on the surface of the sepiolite are improved, and the entanglement degree of n-butyl lactate and the vinylmethylbis (trimethylsiloxy) silane is increased, thereby ensuring the lasting effect of the modified sepiolite. The relative orientation relationship of two sulfur-oxygen bonds and hydroxyl in the sodium salt of glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate can enhance the inoculation process of vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane on the surface of sepiolite; the relative orientation relation of four ester groups in the butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate can promote the entanglement degree between vinylmethyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane and n-butyl lactate, and further enhance the lasting strength of the modified sepiolite.
The preparation method of the modified sepiolite comprises the following steps:
h1, crushing sepiolite, sieving with a sieve of 8-15 meshes, mixing with 10-14 wt.% aqueous solution of sodium metaphosphate in ethanol according to the mass ratio of 1 (5-7), stirring at the rotation speed of 150-250rpm at 70-75 ℃ for 1.5-3H, centrifuging, and drying at the temperature of 84-88 ℃ under the air pressure of 85-90kPa for 6-9H to obtain pretreated sepiolite; the ethanol water solution is a mixture of absolute ethanol and water in a mass ratio of (0.8-1) to 1;
h2 mixing the pretreated sepiolite obtained by H1, vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, n-butyl lactate and synergist according to the mass ratio of (0.8-1.1): (3-3.6): (4.8-5.6): (0.07-0.12), homogenizing at 72-77 ℃ for 3-5min at the rotation speed of 11000-.
The synergist is at least one of sodium salt of glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate and tri-n-hexyl butyryl citrate. Preferably, the synergist is a mixture of glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate sodium salt and butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate according to the mass ratio of (1-4) to (1-4).
In the high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave combined treatment: the frequency of the high-frequency alternating magnetic field is 22-27kHz, the power is 32-36kW, and the magnetic field intensity is 1.7-1.9T; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 31-36kHz, and the power is 360-420W.
The invention also provides sweet potatoes rich in SOD, which are obtained by adopting the planting method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the planting method of the sweet potato rich in SOD has high yield, and the harvested sweet potato has rich nutrition and high SOD content.
Detailed Description
The above summary of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
Introduction of some raw materials in this application:
sweet potato seedlings, purchased from the Hebei iron man agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd, variety: xinong 431 with stem thickness of 0.7cm and seedling height of 25 cm.
Polyvinyl chloride film, available from south forest materials ltd, texas, cat #: 001, thickness: 0.5 mm.
The chicken manure is purchased from Hengwang agriculture science and technology limited company in Zhengxian county in Shijiazhuang city, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the water content is as follows: 12 percent.
Cow dung is purchased from Hengwang agriculture science and technology limited company in Zhengdingxian city, organic matter content is more than or equal to 50%, and water content is as follows: 12 percent.
The pig manure is purchased from Hengwang agriculture science and technology limited company in Zhengxian county in Shijiazhuang city, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the water content is as follows: 12 percent.
Corn stalks purchased in a new grassland in Zhengyang county of Teima shop, water content: 15 percent and impurity content less than or equal to 5 percent.
Peanut shells purchased from Shijiazhu Wuliang agricultural planting Co Ltd, water content: 7 percent and impurity content less than or equal to 5 percent.
The rice husk is purchased from Shijiazhuang Wuliang agricultural planting Co Ltd, and has water content: 4 percent and impurity content less than or equal to 5 percent.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, CAS: 7778-77-0, available from jimunjie biotechnology limited, grade: first-class product, purity: 99 percent of water, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of water and less than or equal to 0.1 percent of water-insoluble substances.
Urea, CAS: 57-13-6, purchased from Jinan corporation environment protection science and technology Limited, total nitrogen is more than or equal to 46.0%, grade: superior product, particle size: 2 mm.
Calcium superphosphate, CAS: 10031-30-8 available from Jinan Yeqing Biotech Ltd for phosphorus (P)2O5) The content is more than or equal to 16.0 percent.
Potassium sulfate, CAS: 7778-80-5, from Jinan Yun Baihui Biotechnology Ltd, Potassium content: 50-52% and the sulfur content is 18%.
Glucose, CAS: 34620-77-4, available from Suzhou Tech chemical technology, Inc., cat #: 006, purity: 99 percent.
L-lysine-L-glutamate, CAS: 45234-02-4, purchased from Huachang pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zhang hong Kong.
Bacillus cereus, latin name: bacillus cereus, strain accession number: CICC10317, purchased from China center for Industrial culture Collection of microorganisms.
Pseudomonas fluorescens, latin name: pseudomonas fluorescens, strain accession number: CICC 20225, purchased from China center for culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms.
Bacillus belgii, latin name: bacillus velezensis, strain accession number: CICC 20025, purchased from China center for culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, latin name: bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strain accession number: CICC 10063, purchased from China center for culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms.
Bacillus laterosporus, latin name: brevibacillus lactosporire, strain accession number: CICC 22331, purchased from China center for culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms.
Sepiolite, CAS: 63800-37-3, available from sepiolite limited, south-yang, inner-country, Henan-yang, product number: 943898, mineral density: 2 to 2.5g/cm3Water absorption: 160-200%. Sodium metaphosphate, CAS: 10361-03-2, purchased from Shijiazhuang Junsu chemical technology Co., Ltd, with a content of more than or equal to 98.0%.
Vinylmethylbis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, CAS: 5356-85-4, available from sahn chemical technology (shanghai) ltd, No.: 446343, brand: Sigma-Aldrich, purity: 98.0 percent.
N-butyl lactate, CAS: 138-22-7, available from sahn chemical technology (shanghai) ltd, cat #: a021958-500ml, brand: Sigma-Aldrich, purity: 98.0 percent.
Potassium chloride, CAS: 7447-40-7, available from Saien chemical technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, cat #: a67636-250g, brand: Sigma-Aldrich, purity: 99.5 percent.
Sodium salt of glycerol mono cocoate sulfate, CAS: 61789-04-6, from golden brocade chemical company, purity: 98 percent.
Butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate, CAS: 82469-79-2, available from Bailingwei technologies, Beijing, purity: 97 percent.
Herba Violae, radix astragali, rhizoma arisaematis, cortex Eucommiae, fructus Arctii, and radix Gentianae are all commercially available.
Calcium lignosulfonate, CAS: 8061-52-7, accession number: p0000898, available from Chengdu Runzi indigenous chemical Co., Ltd.
Brassinolide, CAS: 72962-43-7, numbered: MB5388, available from Dalian Meiren Biotechnology Ltd.
Lactobacillus brevis, latin name: lactobacillus brevis, strain accession number: CICC20297, purchased from China center for culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms.
Candida tropicalis, latin name: candida tropicalis, strain accession number: CICC1254 purchased from China center for culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms.
Example 1
The planting method of the sweet potatoes rich in SOD comprises the following steps:
f1 applying 220kg of sweet potato growth fertilizer to each mu of land in a planting field of Maanshan city and county in Anhui province, turning the land deeply for 22 cm, breaking the turned-up soil, and uniformly mixing the broken soil with the sweet potato growth fertilizer; ploughing a ridge with the height of 10cm and the width of 10cm on the land every 10 cm; compacting two sides of the polyvinyl chloride film on the ridges by using floating soil, and digging a row of seedling raising pits with the depth of 8cm and the distance of 25cm on the ridges;
f2, burying the roots of sweet potato seedlings into the seedling raising pits in 1 day 4 and month, compacting the roots with soil, slightly pressing the middle parts of the sweet potato seedlings on the ground and with floating soil, supporting the upper parts of the sweet potato seedlings with the floating soil and ensuring the upper parts of the sweet potato seedlings to be vertical, wherein the watering amount is 600t per mu, and the planting amount of the sweet potato seedlings in each mu of land is 3500;
f3 after the sweet potato seedlings are fixedly planted, watering is carried out once every 7 days at eight points in the morning, and the watering amount is 300t per mu; spraying growth fertilizer spraying liquid once to the sweet potato seedlings every 4 days in the morning at ten points, wherein the spraying amount of the growth fertilizer spraying liquid is 120 kg/mu;
f4 sweet potato seedlings are grown in natural environment until 9 months and 30 days are harvested, and the sweet potatoes rich in SOD are obtained.
The growth fertilizer spraying liquid is obtained by mixing sweet potato growth fertilizer and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
The preparation method of the sweet potato growth fertilizer comprises the following steps:
and mixing the compound manure, the crop residues, the inorganic fertilizer, the retting fertilizer microbial inoculum and water according to the mass ratio of 120:70:23:26:40, and fermenting for 21 days at 38 ℃ in a dark place to obtain the sweet potato growth fertilizer.
The composite manure is a mixture of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The preparation method of the crop residue comprises the following steps: mixing corn straws, peanut shells and rice husks according to the mass ratio of 3:3:2, crushing, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crop residues.
The inorganic fertilizer is a mixture of monopotassium phosphate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate according to a mass ratio of 2:5:3:2: 3.
The preparation method of the fertilizer composting microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
q1 mixing modified sepiolite, glucose aqueous solution with concentration of 6.8 wt.% and L-lysine-L-glutamate at a mass ratio of 1:2.5:0.07 at 25 deg.C, and stirring at 300rpm for 10min to obtain suspension;
q2 adding composite strains into the suspension obtained by Q1, stirring for 24h at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the humidity of 85% and at the rotation speed of 10rpm in the dark condition, centrifuging, taking the precipitate, drying, and then carrying out vacuum packaging, wherein the vacuum degree is 1kPa, so as to obtain the fertilizer retting agent; the addition amount of the composite strain is 109CFU/g suspension.
The composite strain is a mixture of bacillus cereus, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus belgii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus in a mass ratio of 2:3:3:1: 2.
The preparation method of the modified sepiolite comprises the following steps:
h1, crushing sepiolite, sieving with a 12-mesh sieve, mixing with an ethanol water solution of sodium metaphosphate with a concentration of 13 wt.% according to a mass ratio of 1:6, stirring for 2H at 72 ℃ at a rotating speed of 250rpm, centrifuging, and drying for 7H at 86 ℃ under a pressure of 88kPa to obtain pretreated sepiolite; the ethanol aqueous solution is a mixture of absolute ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
h2, mixing the pretreated sepiolite obtained by H1, vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, n-butyl lactate and a synergist according to the mass ratio of 1:3.5:5:0.1, homogenizing at 75 ℃ for 4min at 13000rpm, heating to 90 ℃, performing combined treatment for 4H by using a high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave, centrifuging, washing the precipitate at 45 ℃ with a 25 wt.% potassium chloride aqueous solution at the flow rate of 150mL/min for 30min, filtering, and drying the filter residue at 45 ℃ for 12H to obtain the modified sepiolite.
The synergist is a mixture of sodium glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate and tri-n-hexyl butyryl citrate in a mass ratio of 2: 3.
In the high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave combined treatment: the frequency of the high-frequency alternating magnetic field is 25kHz, the power is 35kW, and the magnetic field intensity is 1.8T; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 35kHz, and the power is 400W.
Example 2
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the synergist is sodium salt of glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate.
Example 3
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the synergist is butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate.
Comparative example 1
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the modified sepiolite comprises the following steps:
h1, crushing sepiolite, sieving with a 12-mesh sieve, mixing with an ethanol water solution of sodium metaphosphate with a concentration of 13 wt.% according to a mass ratio of 1:6, stirring for 2H at 72 ℃ at a rotating speed of 250rpm, centrifuging, and drying for 7H at 86 ℃ under a pressure of 88kPa to obtain pretreated sepiolite; the ethanol aqueous solution is a mixture of absolute ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
h2, mixing the pretreated sepiolite obtained by H1, vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane and n-butyl lactate according to the mass ratio of 1:3.5:5, homogenizing at 75 ℃ at 13000rpm for 4min, heating to 90 ℃, performing combined treatment by using a high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave for 4H, centrifuging, washing the precipitate at 45 ℃ with 25 wt.% potassium chloride aqueous solution at the flow rate of 150mL/min for 30min, filtering, and drying the filter residue at 45 ℃ for 12H to obtain the modified sepiolite.
In the high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave combined treatment: the frequency of the high-frequency alternating magnetic field is 25kHz, the power is 35kW, and the magnetic field intensity is 1.8T; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 35kHz, and the power is 400W.
Comparative example 2
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the modified sepiolite comprises the following steps:
h1, crushing sepiolite, sieving with a 12-mesh sieve, mixing with an ethanol water solution of sodium metaphosphate with a concentration of 13 wt.% according to a mass ratio of 1:6, stirring for 2H at 72 ℃ at a rotating speed of 250rpm, centrifuging, and drying for 7H at 86 ℃ under a pressure of 88kPa to obtain pretreated sepiolite; the ethanol aqueous solution is a mixture of absolute ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
h2, mixing the pretreated sepiolite obtained by H1, vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, n-butyl lactate and a synergist according to the mass ratio of 1:3.5:5:0.1, homogenizing at 75 ℃ for 4min at 13000rpm, then heating to 90 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 4H, centrifuging, washing the precipitate at 45 ℃ with 25 wt.% potassium chloride aqueous solution at the flow rate of 150mL/min for 30min, filtering, and drying the filter residue at 45 ℃ for 12H to obtain the modified sepiolite.
The synergist is a mixture of sodium glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate and tri-n-hexyl butyryl citrate in a mass ratio of 2: 3.
In the ultrasonic treatment: the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 35kHz, and the power is 400W.
Comparative example 3
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the modified sepiolite comprises the following steps:
h1, crushing sepiolite, sieving with a 12-mesh sieve, mixing with an ethanol water solution of sodium metaphosphate with a concentration of 13 wt.% according to a mass ratio of 1:6, stirring for 2H at 72 ℃ at a rotating speed of 250rpm, centrifuging, and drying for 7H at 86 ℃ under a pressure of 88kPa to obtain pretreated sepiolite; the ethanol aqueous solution is a mixture of absolute ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
h2, mixing the pretreated sepiolite obtained by H1, vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, n-butyl lactate and a synergist according to the mass ratio of 1:3.5:5:0.1, homogenizing at 75 ℃ for 4min at 13000rpm, then heating to 90 ℃, treating for 4H by using a high-frequency alternating magnetic field, centrifuging, washing the precipitate at 45 ℃ with 25 wt.% potassium chloride aqueous solution at the flow rate of 150mL/min for 30min, filtering, and drying the filter residue at 45 ℃ for 12H to obtain the modified sepiolite.
The synergist is a mixture of sodium glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate and tri-n-hexyl butyryl citrate in a mass ratio of 2: 3.
In the high-frequency alternating magnetic field treatment: the frequency of the high-frequency alternating magnetic field is 25kHz, the power is 35kW, and the magnetic field intensity is 1.8T.
Comparative example 4
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the fertilizer composting microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
q1 mixing sepiolite, glucose aqueous solution with concentration of 6.8 wt.% and L-lysine-L-glutamate at a mass ratio of 1:2.5:0.07 at 25 deg.C, and stirring at 300rpm for 10min to obtain suspension;
q2 adding composite strains into the suspension obtained by Q1, stirring for 24h at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the humidity of 85% and at the rotation speed of 10rpm in the dark condition, centrifuging, taking the precipitate, drying, and then carrying out vacuum packaging, wherein the vacuum degree is 1kPa, so as to obtain the fertilizer retting agent; the addition amount of the composite strain is 109CFU/g suspension.
The composite strain is a mixture of bacillus cereus, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus belgii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus in a mass ratio of 2:3:3:1: 2.
Comparative example 5
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the modified sepiolite comprises the following steps:
h1, crushing sepiolite, sieving with a 12-mesh sieve, mixing with an ethanol water solution of sodium metaphosphate with a concentration of 13 wt.% according to a mass ratio of 1:6, stirring for 2H at 72 ℃ at a rotating speed of 250rpm, centrifuging, and drying for 7H at 86 ℃ under a pressure of 88kPa to obtain pretreated sepiolite; the ethanol aqueous solution is a mixture of absolute ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
h2, mixing the pretreated sepiolite obtained by H1, vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, ethyl acetate and a synergist according to the mass ratio of 1:3.5:5:0.1, homogenizing at 75 ℃ for 4min at 13000rpm, heating to 90 ℃, performing combined treatment for 4H by using a high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave, centrifuging, washing the precipitate at 45 ℃ with 25 wt.% potassium chloride aqueous solution at the flow rate of 150mL/min for 30min, filtering, and drying the filter residue at 45 ℃ for 12H to obtain the modified sepiolite.
The synergist is a mixture of sodium glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate and tri-n-hexyl butyryl citrate in a mass ratio of 2: 3.
In the high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave combined treatment: the frequency of the high-frequency alternating magnetic field is 25kHz, the power is 35kW, and the magnetic field intensity is 1.8T; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 35kHz, and the power is 400W.
Comparative example 6
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the fertilizer composting microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
q1 mixing modified sepiolite and 6.8 wt.% glucose water solution at 25 deg.C according to the mass ratio of 1:2.5, and stirring at 300rpm for 10min to obtain suspension;
q2 adding composite strains into the suspension obtained by Q1, stirring for 24h at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the humidity of 85% and at the rotation speed of 10rpm in the dark condition, centrifuging, taking the precipitate, drying, and then carrying out vacuum packaging, wherein the vacuum degree is 1kPa, so as to obtain the fertilizer retting agent; the addition amount of the composite strain is 109CFU/g suspension.
The composite strain is a mixture of bacillus cereus, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus belgii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus in a mass ratio of 2:3:3:1: 2.
The preparation method of the modified sepiolite comprises the following steps:
h1, crushing sepiolite, sieving with a 12-mesh sieve, mixing with an ethanol water solution of sodium metaphosphate with a concentration of 13 wt.% according to a mass ratio of 1:6, stirring for 2H at 72 ℃ at a rotating speed of 250rpm, centrifuging, and drying for 7H at 86 ℃ under a pressure of 88kPa to obtain pretreated sepiolite; the ethanol aqueous solution is a mixture of absolute ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
h2, mixing the pretreated sepiolite obtained by H1, vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, n-butyl lactate and a synergist according to the mass ratio of 1:3.5:5:0.1, homogenizing at 75 ℃ for 4min at 13000rpm, heating to 90 ℃, performing combined treatment for 4H by using a high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave, centrifuging, washing the precipitate at 45 ℃ with a 25 wt.% potassium chloride aqueous solution at the flow rate of 150mL/min for 30min, filtering, and drying the filter residue at 45 ℃ for 12H to obtain the modified sepiolite.
The synergist is a mixture of sodium glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate and tri-n-hexyl butyryl citrate in a mass ratio of 2: 3.
In the high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave combined treatment: the frequency of the high-frequency alternating magnetic field is 25kHz, the power is 35kW, and the magnetic field intensity is 1.8T; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 35kHz, and the power is 400W.
Comparative example 7
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the composite strain is a mixture of bacillus cereus, bacillus beleisis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus in a mass ratio of 2:3:1: 2.
Comparative example 8
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the sweet potato growth fertilizer comprises the following steps:
and mixing the compound manure, the crop residues, the inorganic fertilizer and water according to the mass ratio of 120:70:23:40, and fermenting for 21 days at 38 ℃ in the dark to obtain the sweet potato growth fertilizer.
The composite manure is a mixture of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The preparation method of the crop residue comprises the following steps: mixing corn straws, peanut shells and rice husks according to the mass ratio of 3:3:2, crushing, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crop residues.
The inorganic fertilizer is a mixture of monopotassium phosphate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate according to a mass ratio of 2:5:3:2: 3.
Example 4
The planting method of the sweet potatoes rich in SOD comprises the following steps:
f1 applying 220kg of sweet potato growth fertilizer to each mu of land in a planting field of Maanshan city and county in Anhui province, turning the land deeply for 22 cm, breaking the turned-up soil, and uniformly mixing the broken soil with the sweet potato growth fertilizer; ploughing a ridge with the height of 10cm and the width of 10cm on the land every 10 cm; compacting two sides of the polyvinyl chloride film on the ridges by using floating soil, and digging a row of seedling raising pits with the depth of 8cm and the distance of 25cm on the ridges;
f2, burying the roots of sweet potato seedlings into the seedling raising pits in 1 day 4 and month, compacting the roots with soil, slightly pressing the middle parts of the sweet potato seedlings on the ground and with floating soil, supporting the upper parts of the sweet potato seedlings with the floating soil and ensuring the upper parts of the sweet potato seedlings to be vertical, wherein the watering amount is 600t per mu, and the planting amount of the sweet potato seedlings in each mu of land is 3500;
f3 after the sweet potato seedlings are fixedly planted, watering is carried out once every 7 days at eight points in the morning, and the watering amount is 300t per mu; spraying growth fertilizer spraying liquid once to the sweet potato seedlings every 4 days in the morning at ten points, wherein the spraying amount of the growth fertilizer spraying liquid is 120 kg/mu;
f4 sweet potato seedlings are grown in natural environment until 9 months and 30 days are harvested, and the sweet potatoes rich in SOD are obtained.
The growth fertilizer spraying liquid is obtained by mixing sweet potato growth fertilizer, functional nutrients and water according to the mass ratio of 0.7:0.3: 1.
The preparation method of the sweet potato growth fertilizer comprises the following steps:
and mixing the compound manure, the crop residues, the inorganic fertilizer, the retting fertilizer microbial inoculum and water according to the mass ratio of 120:70:23:26:40, and fermenting for 21 days at 38 ℃ in a dark place to obtain the sweet potato growth fertilizer.
The composite manure is a mixture of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The preparation method of the crop residue comprises the following steps: mixing corn straws, peanut shells and rice husks according to the mass ratio of 3:3:2, crushing, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crop residues.
The inorganic fertilizer is a mixture of monopotassium phosphate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate according to a mass ratio of 2:5:3:2: 3.
The preparation method of the fertilizer composting microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
q1 mixing modified sepiolite, glucose aqueous solution with concentration of 6.8 wt.% and L-lysine-L-glutamate at a mass ratio of 1:2.5:0.07 at 25 deg.C, and stirring at 300rpm for 10min to obtain suspension;
q2 adding composite strain into suspension obtained from Q1, and placing at 37 deg.C with humidity of 85% in dark placeStirring for 24 hours at the rotating speed of 10rpm under the condition, centrifuging, taking the precipitate, drying, and then carrying out vacuum packaging, wherein the vacuum degree is 1kPa, so as to obtain the retting fertilizer microbial inoculum; the addition amount of the composite strain is 109CFU/g suspension.
The composite strain is a mixture of bacillus cereus, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus belgii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus in a mass ratio of 2:3:3:1: 2.
The preparation method of the modified sepiolite comprises the following steps:
h1, crushing sepiolite, sieving with a 12-mesh sieve, mixing with an ethanol water solution of sodium metaphosphate with a concentration of 13 wt.% according to a mass ratio of 1:6, stirring for 2H at 72 ℃ at a rotating speed of 250rpm, centrifuging, and drying for 7H at 86 ℃ under a pressure of 88kPa to obtain pretreated sepiolite; the ethanol aqueous solution is a mixture of absolute ethanol and water in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
h2, mixing the pretreated sepiolite obtained by H1, vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, n-butyl lactate and a synergist according to the mass ratio of 1:3.5:5:0.1, homogenizing at 75 ℃ for 4min at 13000rpm, heating to 90 ℃, performing combined treatment for 4H by using a high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave, centrifuging, washing the precipitate at 45 ℃ with a 25 wt.% potassium chloride aqueous solution at the flow rate of 150mL/min for 30min, filtering, and drying the filter residue at 45 ℃ for 12H to obtain the modified sepiolite.
The synergist is a mixture of sodium glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate and tri-n-hexyl butyryl citrate in a mass ratio of 2: 3.
In the high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave combined treatment: the frequency of the high-frequency alternating magnetic field is 25kHz, the power is 35kW, and the magnetic field intensity is 1.8T; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 35kHz, and the power is 400W.
The preparation method of the functional nutrient comprises the following steps:
mixing and crushing the Chinese violet, the astragalus, the arisaema consanguineum schott, the eucommia, the great burdock achene and the gentian, and sieving the mixture by a sieve of 60 meshes to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the Chinese violet to the astragalus to the arisaema consanguineum schott to the eucommia, the great burdock achene and the gentian is 2:2:2:3: 3; adding the mixed powder, sucrose and urea intoUniformly mixing the mixture in water, and performing microwave treatment for 60s at 800W to obtain a mixed material liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the sucrose to the urea to the water is 7:2:1: 50; cooling to 30 deg.C, adding Lactobacillus brevis and Candida tropicalis, and fermenting for 60 hr, wherein the addition amount of Lactobacillus brevis is 108The addition amount of the candida tropicalis is 108Filtering the CFU/g mixed feed liquid to obtain filtrate; adding calcium lignosulfonate, zinc chloride, magnesium chloride and brassinolide into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the calcium lignosulfonate to the filtrate to the magnesium chloride to the brassinolide is 1:2:2:0.6: 50. The SOD-enriched sweet potatoes planted in example 4 were tested according to the method of test example 2 and had an SOD activity of 48.512U/g.
Test example 1
Testing the yield per mu: the sweet potatoes are planted by adopting the planting method for the sweet potatoes rich in SOD in each example, the acre yield of the sweet potatoes rich in SOD in the examples and the comparative examples in one period is counted by taking 4 months and 1 day to 9 months and 30 days in the year as one period. The higher the yield per mu, the better the yield and effect of the adopted planting method.
TABLE 1 sweet potato yield per mu rich in SOD
Test example 2
SOD activity test: the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in SOD-enriched sweet potatoes prepared by the examples of the present invention was measured according to the Marklund method modified from the first method in GB/T5009.171-2003 "determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in health foods".
TABLE 2 SOD Activity of SOD-enriched sweet potatoes
Test example 3
Ascorbic acid content test: the content of the ascorbic acid in the sweet potato rich in SOD is measured according to the first method of high performance liquid chromatography in GB 5009.86-2016 (determination of ascorbic acid in national food safety standards). A solid sample mixed uniformly with respect to 1g of the sample was weighed into a 50mL beaker, and the sample was transferred into a 50mL volumetric flask with 20g/L metaphosphoric acid solution, dissolved with shaking and fixed to volume. 20mL of centrifuged supernatant was taken out and put into a 50mL centrifuge tube, 10mL of 40 g/L-cysteine solution was added, the pH was adjusted to 7.0 with 100g/L trisodium phosphate solution, the solution was shaken for 5min at 200 times/min, the pH was adjusted to 2.6 with phosphoric acid, and the whole solution was transferred to a 50mL volumetric flask with water and the volume was adjusted to the scale.
TABLE 3 ascorbic acid content of SOD-enriched sweet potatoes
It is clear that the yield per mu, SOD activity and ascorbic acid content of example 1 are superior to those of the other examples.
The invention adopts the alcohol-water solution of sodium metaphosphate to modify the charge distribution condition of the surface of the sepiolite particles, and adjusts the surface tension of the particle surface, so that the grafting rate is increased in the subsequent modification process of vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane and n-butyl lactate; the symmetrical orientation relation between the trisilicedioxy of the vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane and the carbon-carbon double bond at the middle position can improve the dispersibility of the sepiolite in a water body with high organic matter content, which is beneficial to quickly distributing thalli in a microbial inoculum taking the sepiolite as a carrier in a fermentation substrate, increasing the fermentation efficiency, reducing the time cost and simultaneously not weakening the specific high specific surface area characteristic of the sepiolite; the ester group and the four-carbon alkane chain structure in the n-butyl lactate can enhance the dispersity and the lasting strength of the sepiolite grafted by the vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane in the fermentation substrate. The modified sepiolite prepared by the specific method is used as a carrier of the composting microbial inoculum, has the capability of highly adsorbing the compound strains, and has good rapid diffusion capability and uniform distribution characteristic in the fermentation substrate taking excrement and crop residues as main bodies, so that thalli in the microbial inoculum can be rapidly dispersed to start a fermentation process; moreover, the modified sepiolite adopts n-butyl lactate as an auxiliary agent for graft modification, so that the biocompatibility of the modified sepiolite is improved, the survival condition of the used composite strain is improved, the efficacy and reliability of the composting microbial inoculum are ensured, and the stability during transportation and storage is also ensured. The invention adopts a high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave combined treatment mode to enable the vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane and the n-butyl lactate modified sepiolite to activate the charges on the surface and in the inner cavity of the sepiolite treated by the metaphosphoric acid alcohol aqueous solution and change the relative bond angle of silicon-oxygen bonds in the vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, and the ultrasonic wave provides enough reaction power for the diffusion and grafting of the vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane; in addition, the high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave combined treatment activates the vinylmethylbis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, so that the grafting uniformity and grafting firmness of the vinylmethylbis (trimethylsiloxy) silane on the surface of the sepiolite are improved, and the entanglement degree of n-butyl lactate and the vinylmethylbis (trimethylsiloxy) silane is increased, thereby ensuring the lasting effect of the modified sepiolite. The relative orientation relationship of two sulfur-oxygen bonds and hydroxyl in the sodium salt of glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate can enhance the inoculation process of vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane on the surface of sepiolite; the relative orientation relation of four ester groups in the butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate can promote the entanglement degree between vinylmethyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane and n-butyl lactate, and further enhance the lasting strength of the modified sepiolite.
The invention adopts L-lysine-L-glutamate as an activator to promote the diffusion capacity, spore production rate and attachment endurance of spores in the cavity of the modified sepiolite. The sweet potato growth fertilizer is obtained by fermenting a mixture of bacillus cereus, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus belgii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus serving as the composite strain: the bacillus cereus can degrade nutrient components in excrement, crop residues and soil, improve the ecological environment and provide nutrient components such as growth factors, inorganic salts, organic matters and the like required by the growth of the sweet potatoes so as to enable the sweet potatoes to generate more SOD and vitamin C; the pseudomonas fluorescens is an important plant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium, is one of the bacterium types with a large population number in known plant rhizosphere beneficial microorganisms, can utilize most of nutrition in root exudates to quickly colonize around plant roots, has the effects of promoting plant growth and preventing and treating diseases, can prevent and treat common diseases of sweet potatoes, has good compatibility with various kinds of bacillus and can mutually promote physiological activities to improve the yield and the activity of cellulase and azotase; the Bacillus belgii can secrete and generate various bioactive substances including lipopeptide antibiotics, polyketide antibiotic enzymes, antibacterial proteins, phytohormones, IAA and ACC deaminase, can promote the growth and development of root systems and stems and leaves of sweet potatoes, enables the sweet potatoes to generate more SOD and vitamin C, and can effectively inhibit various plant pathogenic bacteria to reduce unnecessary loss; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens has good antagonistic effect on various viruses which can cause sweet potato infection; the bacillus laterosporus can promote the growth of plant root systems and enhance the absorption capacity of the root systems, thereby improving the crop yield, inhibiting the propagation of pathogenic bacteria inside and outside the plant body, lightening plant diseases and insect pests, reducing pesticide residues, loosening soil and solving the soil hardening phenomenon, thereby improving the soil fertility, also improving the utilization rate of fertilizer, promoting the metabolism of sweet potatoes, promoting the photosynthesis of sweet potatoes, enabling the sweet potatoes to synthesize more SOD and vitamin C, enabling the sweet potatoes to resist pathogenic bacteria and also reducing the content of heavy metals in the sweet potatoes.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited or restricted. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method of sweet potatoes rich in SOD is characterized by comprising the following steps:
f1 applying sweet potato growth fertilizer 210-240kg per mu of land in the planting field, deeply ploughing the land by 20-25 cm, breaking the ploughed soil, and uniformly mixing with the sweet potato growth fertilizer; ploughing a ridge with the height of 8-12cm and the width of 8-15cm every 8-12 cm; compacting two sides of the polyvinyl chloride film on the ridges by using floating soil, and digging a row of seedling raising pits with the depth of 5-10cm and the distance of 20-30cm on the ridges;
f2 burying the roots of the sweet potato seedlings into the seedling raising pits in 3-20-4-10 days, compacting the roots with soil, lightly pressing the middle parts of the sweet potato seedlings on the ground and pressing the middle parts with floating soil, supporting the upper parts of the sweet potato seedlings with the floating soil and ensuring the upper parts of the sweet potato seedlings to be vertical, watering the water quantity to be 580-one-acre-land, and planting the sweet potato seedlings in 3300-one-acre-land of 3600 plants;
after the planting of the F3 sweet potato seedlings, watering the sweet potato seedlings once every 6-8 days at seven to eight points in the morning, wherein the watering amount is 280-320t per mu; spraying growth fertilizer spraying liquid to the sweet potato seedlings every 3-5 days at nine-ten points in the morning, wherein the spraying amount of the growth fertilizer spraying liquid is 110-140 kg/mu;
f4 growing sweet potato seedlings in natural environment until harvesting in 9-20-10 months to obtain sweet potatoes rich in SOD;
the growth fertilizer spraying liquid is obtained by mixing sweet potato growth fertilizer, functional nutrients and water according to the mass ratio of (0.5-1.2) to (0.1-0.5) to 1.
2. The cultivation method of SOD enriched sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the functional nutrients are prepared by the following steps:
mixing and crushing Chinese violet, astragalus, arisaema tuber, eucommia, great burdock achene and gentian, and sieving by a 50-100-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the Chinese violet to the astragalus to the arisaema tuber to the eucommia, the great burdock achene and the gentian is (1-2) to (2-3); adding the mixed powder, the sucrose and the urea into water, uniformly mixing, and performing microwave treatment for 50-90s at the power of 500-1000W to obtain a mixed material liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the sucrose to the urea to the water is (5-10) to (1-3) to (1-2) to 50; cooling to 27-32 deg.C, adding Lactobacillus brevis and Candida tropicalis, fermenting for 50-65 hr, and filtering to obtain filtrate; adding calcium lignosulfonate, zinc chloride, magnesium chloride and brassinolide into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the calcium lignosulfonate to the filtrate to the magnesium chloride to the brassinolide is (1-2) to (1-3) to (0.5-1) to 50.
3. The planting method of sweet potato rich in SOD as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sweet potato growth fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
mixing the compound manure, the crop residues, the inorganic fertilizer, the retting fertilizer microbial inoculum and the water according to the mass ratio of (110-.
4. The cultivation method of SOD enriched sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the compound manure is at least two of chicken manure, cattle manure, pig manure, human manure, duck manure and sheep manure; the inorganic fertilizer is at least two of monopotassium phosphate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate; the preparation method of the crop residue comprises the following steps: mixing corn straw, peanut shell and rice husk according to the mass ratio of (1-5) to (1-5), crushing and sieving with a 5-20-mesh sieve to obtain crop residue.
5. The planting method of sweet potatoes rich in SOD as claimed in claim 1, wherein the retting compost is prepared by the steps of:
q1 mixing the modified sepiolite, the glucose aqueous solution with the concentration of 4-7 wt.% and the L-lysine-L-glutamate according to the mass ratio of (0.7-1.3) to (2-4) to (0.05-0.08) at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and stirring at the rotating speed of 100-300rpm for 5-30min to obtain a suspension;
q2 adding composite strains into the suspension obtained from Q1, stirring at 30-38 ℃ and humidity of 80-88% at a rotating speed of 5-20rpm in the dark condition for 20-25h, centrifuging, taking out the precipitate, drying, and then carrying out vacuum packaging, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.8-1.3kPa, so as to obtain the fertilizer retting agent; the addition amount of the composite strain is 108-109CFU/g suspension.
6. The cultivation method of SOD enriched sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the composite strain is at least two of bacillus cereus, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus belgii, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus.
7. The planting method of sweet potatoes rich in SOD as claimed in claim 5, wherein the modified sepiolite is prepared by the following steps:
h1, crushing sepiolite, sieving with a sieve of 8-15 meshes, mixing with 10-14 wt.% aqueous solution of sodium metaphosphate in ethanol according to the mass ratio of 1 (5-7), stirring at the rotation speed of 150-250rpm at 70-75 ℃ for 1.5-3H, centrifuging, and drying at the temperature of 84-88 ℃ under the air pressure of 85-90kPa for 6-9H to obtain pretreated sepiolite; the ethanol water solution is a mixture of absolute ethanol and water in a mass ratio of (0.8-1) to 1;
h2 mixing the pretreated sepiolite obtained by H1, vinyl methyl bis (trimethylsiloxy) silane, n-butyl lactate and synergist according to the mass ratio of (0.8-1.1): (3-3.6): (4.8-5.6): (0.07-0.12), homogenizing at 72-77 ℃ for 3-5min at the rotation speed of 11000-.
8. The cultivation method of SOD enriched sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the synergist is at least one of sodium salt of glycerol mono-cocoate sulfate and tri-n-hexyl butyryl citrate.
9. The cultivation method of SOD enriched sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in the high-frequency alternating magnetic field/ultrasonic wave combined treatment: the frequency of the high-frequency alternating magnetic field is 22-27kHz, the power is 32-36kW, and the magnetic field intensity is 1.7-1.9T; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 31-36kHz, and the power is 360-420W.
10. The sweet potato rich in SOD is characterized in that: obtained by the planting method of any one of claims 1-9.
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