CN113909083A - Piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid drive type dipole acoustic wave transducer - Google Patents
Piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid drive type dipole acoustic wave transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113909083A CN113909083A CN202111044586.8A CN202111044586A CN113909083A CN 113909083 A CN113909083 A CN 113909083A CN 202111044586 A CN202111044586 A CN 202111044586A CN 113909083 A CN113909083 A CN 113909083A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/34—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating parts of the magnetic circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/0005—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing non-specific motion; Details common to machines covered by H02N2/02 - H02N2/16
- H02N2/001—Driving devices, e.g. vibrators
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及声波换能器技术领域，特别涉及压电‑电磁混合驱动式偶极子声波换能器。包括两个相对设置的外端盖，设于两个外端盖之间的圆柱形壳体和两个永磁体，所述两个永磁体对称设于圆柱形壳体的两侧；所述圆柱形壳体包括两端分别与两个外端盖连接的圆柱形支架，固定于圆柱形支架上的两个绝缘体；所述圆柱形支架由导电性材料制成；所述两个绝缘体相对设置，并设于圆柱形壳体上远离两个永磁体的位置。本发明在压电陶瓷本身应变有限的压电驱动基础上对已有的换能器结构进行改进，加上电磁驱动，实现两种效果的混合驱动，通过混合驱动提升圆柱形壳体的振动幅度，增强声波强度，提高探测距离。
The invention relates to the technical field of acoustic wave transducers, in particular to a piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid-driven dipole acoustic wave transducer. It includes two oppositely arranged outer end caps, a cylindrical shell and two permanent magnets arranged between the two outer end caps, the two permanent magnets are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cylindrical shell; The shape shell includes a cylindrical support whose ends are respectively connected with two outer end caps, and two insulators fixed on the cylindrical support; the cylindrical support is made of conductive material; the two insulators are arranged opposite to each other, It is arranged on the cylindrical shell away from the two permanent magnets. The invention improves the existing transducer structure on the basis of piezoelectric drive with limited strain of piezoelectric ceramic itself, adds electromagnetic drive, realizes the mixed drive of the two effects, and improves the vibration amplitude of the cylindrical shell through the mixed drive , enhance the sound wave intensity and improve the detection distance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of acoustic wave transducers, in particular to a piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid drive type dipole acoustic wave transducer.
Background
With the mass production of oil and gas, the well logging technology is rapidly developed. The dipole acoustic logging technology is widely applied, for example, various elastic constants of rocks can be calculated by using dipole acoustic waves, and effective gas identification, fracture identification and rock stratum structure analysis can be carried out on an oil gas reservoir. Along with continuous exploitation of oil and gas, the logging distance required to be achieved is larger and larger, and the problem of how to improve the distance of ultrasonic logging is very important.
Cylindrical piezoelectric oscillatory acoustic wave transducers are one of the most widely studied acoustic wave transducers at present. The cylindrical piezoelectric swing type acoustic wave transducer consists of three laminations, a metal framework, a spring, a cylindrical shell and the like. The tri-stack is composed of a metal substrate and piezoelectric devices on both sides. Sine voltage excitation is added on the metal substrate side according to the principle of a piezoelectric device, one side of the metal substrate is grounded, and under the action of the excitation voltage, the three laminated sheets can deform so as to drive the cylindrical shell to swing and contact with a medium in a well to generate sound waves.
The existing dipole acoustic wave transducer is of a piezoelectric driving type and can present a relatively pure dipole acoustic field, the cylindrical piezoelectric swing type acoustic wave transducer can well generate acoustic waves and is well applied to logging in the past, but the piezoelectric ceramic has limited strain, the vibration amplitude of the cylindrical shell is small, the intensity of the generated acoustic waves is not too strong, and the detection distance is limited. However, with the increasing requirement for the logging distance, the cylindrical piezoelectric oscillating type acoustic wave transducer cannot produce the desired effect of the acoustic wave intensity.
Therefore, there is a need for a dipole acoustic wave transducer that can increase the vibration amplitude of the cylindrical housing and increase the detection distance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the existing dipole acoustic wave transducer related to the background technology has smaller vibration amplitude, and electromagnetic driving is carried out on the basis of the original piezoelectric driving, so that the hybrid driving of the dipole acoustic wave transducer is realized, and the vibration amplitude of the dipole acoustic wave transducer is increased.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: the piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid drive type dipole acoustic wave transducer comprises two outer end covers which are oppositely arranged, a cylindrical shell which is arranged between the two outer end covers and two permanent magnets, wherein the two permanent magnets are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the cylindrical shell;
the cylindrical shell comprises a cylindrical bracket and two insulators, wherein two ends of the cylindrical bracket are respectively connected with the two outer end covers;
the cylindrical support is made of a conductive material;
the two insulators are oppositely arranged and are arranged on the cylindrical shell at positions far away from the two permanent magnets.
Furthermore, the cylindrical support comprises two inner end covers respectively connected with the two outer end covers, and two support frames arranged between the two inner end covers, wherein the two support frames are arranged oppositely and respectively arranged at positions close to the two permanent magnets on the cylindrical support.
Furthermore, the two insulators and the two support frames are arranged at intervals in an inserting mode.
Furthermore, the two inner end covers, the two support frames and the two insulators enclose a fully-closed cylindrical shell together.
Furthermore, the two permanent magnets are oppositely arranged on the left side and the right side of the cylindrical shell.
Furthermore, two groups of three laminated sheets connected between the two inner end covers are arranged inside the cylindrical shell.
Furthermore, the three-lamination sheet comprises a metal substrate and two piezoelectric ceramic sheets arranged on two sides of the metal substrate respectively, two ends of the metal substrate are connected with two inner end covers respectively, and the metal substrate and the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are connected with an excitation voltage anode and an excitation voltage cathode respectively.
Furthermore, the two inner end covers are respectively connected with an excitation current anode and an excitation current cathode.
Furthermore, a U-shaped spring is arranged between the inner end cover and the outer end cover.
Furthermore, the permanent magnets are prism-shaped, the opposite surfaces of the two permanent magnets are parallel to each other, and the insulator is fan-column-shaped and made of carbon fiber.
The piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid drive type dipole acoustic wave transducer has the beneficial effects that:
the invention improves the structure of the existing transducer on the basis of the piezoelectric drive with limited strain of the piezoelectric ceramics, and realizes the hybrid drive of two effects by adding the electromagnetic drive, and the vibration amplitude of the cylindrical shell is improved by the hybrid drive, thereby enhancing the sound wave intensity and improving the detection distance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention with permanent magnets removed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a tri-stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a U-shaped spring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a permanent magnet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an outer cap according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a cylindrical stent according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional view B-B according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic top view of a cylindrical holder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an insulator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph of sinusoidal voltage loading for piezoelectric actuation in accordance with example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the displacement of the center reference point in the piezoelectric simulation in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is an electromagnetic drive excitation current chart according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a diagram of center reference point displacement in electromagnetic simulation in accordance with embodiment 2 of the present invention;
the components in the figure are labeled as follows:
the device comprises an outer end cover 1, a cylindrical shell 2, a permanent magnet 3, a cylindrical support 4, an insulator 5, an inner end cover 6, a U-shaped spring 7, a support frame 8, a three-lamination sheet 9, a metal substrate 10 and a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 11.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments;
example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 12, the piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid driven dipole acoustic wave transducer includes two outer end caps 1 disposed opposite to each other, a cylindrical housing 2 disposed between the two outer end caps 1, and two permanent magnets 3, where the two permanent magnets 3 are symmetrically and oppositely disposed on the right and left sides of the cylindrical housing 2, the permanent magnets 3 are in an arc shape in cross section as shown in fig. 7, and the planes of the two permanent magnets 3 are opposite and parallel to each other.
The cylindrical shell 2 comprises a cylindrical bracket 4, two ends of the cylindrical bracket 4 are respectively connected with the two outer end covers 1, the cylindrical bracket 4 is made of conductive materials such as copper metal, and two insulators 5 are fixed on the cylindrical bracket 4; as shown in fig. 12, the insulator 5 has a fan-column shape and is made of carbon fiber. The two insulators 5 are oppositely arranged and are arranged on the cylindrical shell 2 at positions far away from the two permanent magnets 3. As shown in fig. 11, the cylindrical support 4 includes two inner end caps 6 connected to the two outer end caps 1, respectively, and a U-shaped spring 7 is disposed between the inner end caps 6 and the outer end caps 1. The shape of the U-shaped spring 7 is shown in fig. 6, and the U-shaped spring 7 increases the vibration amplitude when the cylindrical housing 2 vibrates. The cylindrical support 4 further comprises two support frames 8 arranged between the two inner end covers 6, wherein the two support frames 8 are arranged oppositely and are respectively arranged at positions, close to the two permanent magnets 3, on the cylindrical support 4. The two insulators 5 and the two support frames 8 are arranged at intervals in an inserting manner. The two inner end covers 6, the two support frames 8 and the two insulators 5 jointly enclose a fully-enclosed cylindrical shell 2. The fan-shaped insulator 5 can be directly fixed on the support frame 8 through screws, and the two inner end covers 6 are respectively connected with an excitation current anode and a excitation current cathode, so that the current can pass through the cylindrical support 4 made of a copper conductive material and cannot pass through the insulator 5, and therefore the current flows through the copper conductor opposite to the permanent magnet 3, moving charged particles can be subjected to Lorentz force in a magnetic field, and the cylindrical shell 2 can be deformed under the action of the Lorentz force.
The cylindrical shell 2 is internally provided with two groups of three-lamination sheets 9 connected between two inner end covers 6, each three-lamination sheet 9 comprises a metal substrate 10 and two piezoelectric ceramic sheets 11 respectively arranged on two sides of the metal substrate 10, two ends of the metal substrate 10 are respectively connected with the two inner end covers 6, and the metal substrate 10 and the piezoelectric ceramic sheets 11 are respectively connected with an excitation voltage anode and a excitation voltage cathode.
The driving principle of the piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid driving type dipole acoustic wave transducer is as follows:
piezoelectric driving principle: the three-lamination sheet consists of two piezoelectric ceramic sheets and a metal substrate, wherein the metal substrate is connected with a negative pole of an excitation voltage, and the two piezoelectric ceramic sheets are connected with a positive pole of the excitation voltage. According to the piezoelectric inverse effect of the piezoelectric device, one side of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet contracts along the length direction, and the other side of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet extends along the length direction, so that the three laminated sheets are bent. When sinusoidal alternating voltage is applied to the three laminated sheets, the three laminated sheets can vibrate continuously because of the continuous change of the voltage, and then the cylindrical shell is driven to vibrate continuously. The cylindrical shell vibrates continuously and can collide with a medium where the cylindrical shell is located to generate sound waves.
The electromagnetic driving principle is as follows:
because of the presence of the permanent magnets, a magnetic field in the X direction is generated between the two permanent magnets, as shown in fig. 1. The two ends of the cylindrical shell are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the exciting current, and the carbon fibers are insulators, so that the current only flows on the copper conductor support frame opposite to the permanent magnet, and under the condition that the external current is not changed, compared with the prior art, the whole cylindrical shell is directly arranged as a conductor, and the current actually playing a driving role is strengthened. The charged particle that moves can receive lorentz force in the magnetic field, so the support frame of cylindrical shell can receive the effect of lorentz force and drive cylindrical shell and produce deformation, and the lorentz force formula that the charged particle that moves received in the magnetic field is as follows:
wherein
The current density of the space is represented,
the magnetic flux density is shown. When the exciting current is loaded as alternating current, because
The direction is constantly changed, and
is generated by a permanent magnet, the direction can not be changed, so
Will change direction, the cylindrical housing will change direction and the cylindrical housing will start to vibrate.
And electromagnetic drive is added on the basis of piezoelectric drive, so that hybrid drive with two effects is realized, and the vibration amplitude of the cylindrical shell is improved through hybrid drive.
Increasing the length of the cylindrical housing increases the amplitude of vibration of the cylindrical housing under electromagnetic drive, but decreases the amplitude of vibration of the cylindrical housing under piezoelectric drive. The vibration amplitude and the maximum value of the cylindrical shell under the two driving modes can be obtained by increasing the length of the cylindrical shell.
Example 2:
firstly, carrying out static simulation on a transducer structure to obtain each order of resonant frequency, observing to obtain that the vibration amplitude of the transducer is maximum under the first order resonant frequency, wherein the first order resonant frequency is about 0.466Khz, carrying out simulation on piezoelectric drive and electromagnetic drive separately, and observing the vibration condition of the cylindrical shell under the two drive modes respectively.
Piezoelectric driving method: and loading the measured frequency of which the first-order resonant frequency is the sine excitation voltage on two ends of the three-lamination, and driving the three-lamination to enable the cylindrical shell to vibrate.
An electromagnetic driving mode: and loading the measured first-order resonant frequency as the frequency of the exciting current on the cylindrical shell, and driving the cylindrical shell to vibrate the cylindrical shell.
The increase of the vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid driven transducer compared with the piezoelectric transducer is observed by observing the displacement of the central point of the cylindrical shell.
The piezoelectric driving simulation is loaded with sinusoidal voltage as shown in fig. 13, wherein the piezoelectric driving excitation voltage is sinusoidal voltage with peak value of 1000V and frequency of 0.466Khz, and the displacement of the central reference point (point a in fig. 1) is shown in fig. 14:
it can be seen from the figure that the cylindrical housing of the transducer vibrates when the piezoelectric simulation is performed. When a voltage is applied, the cylindrical housing will exhibit a state of vibration similar to a sine wave. After the end of the applied voltage, the cylindrical housing will continue to vibrate due to inertia, but the frequency of the vibration is reduced.
The excitation current shown in fig. 15 is applied to the electromagnetic simulation, the ordinate in fig. 15 is the current I unit is a, the electromagnetic driving excitation current is about 1000A in peak value, the frequency is the first derivative of the gaussian function with 0.466Khz, the static magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet is 0.8T, and the displacement of the reference point (point a in fig. 1) is shown in fig. 16:
it can be seen from the figure that the cylindrical shell of the transducer vibrates when electromagnetic simulation is performed. When a current is applied, the cylindrical housing will exhibit a state of vibration similar to a sine wave. After the applied current is over, the cylindrical housing will continue to vibrate due to inertia, but the vibration amplitude is reduced greatly and the vibration frequency is reduced somewhat.
It can be seen from fig. 14 and 16 that the effect coincidence degree of the two driving modes is high in the time period of 0-3 ms, a good superposition effect can be achieved, wherein the vibration amplitude is maximum near 2ms and 3ms, and therefore the sound waves generated in 2ms and 3ms are strong. Compared with a single piezoelectric driving mode, the piezoelectric and electromagnetic hybrid driving mode can increase the vibration amplitude of the cylindrical shell by about 10%.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
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| CN202111044586.8A CN113909083B (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Piezoelectric-Electromagnetic Hybrid Driven Dipole Acoustic Transducer |
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| CN202111044586.8A CN113909083B (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Piezoelectric-Electromagnetic Hybrid Driven Dipole Acoustic Transducer |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114771781A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-22 | 山东科技大学 | An ultrasonic anchor for deep sea exploration robot seabed bed attachment |
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| US5649020A (en) * | 1994-08-29 | 1997-07-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Electronic driver for an electromagnetic resonant transducer |
| CN103701363A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-04-02 | 金陵科技学院 | Multidirectional piezoelectric-electromagnetic combined vibration energy collecting device |
| CN107659870A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-02-02 | 青岛理工大学 | digital underwater acoustic transducer unit, array, device and control method |
| CN111371278A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-07-03 | 西华大学 | An electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer |
| CN112443320A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-05 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Remote detection dipole logging transducer |
-
2021
- 2021-09-07 CN CN202111044586.8A patent/CN113909083B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5649020A (en) * | 1994-08-29 | 1997-07-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Electronic driver for an electromagnetic resonant transducer |
| CN103701363A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-04-02 | 金陵科技学院 | Multidirectional piezoelectric-electromagnetic combined vibration energy collecting device |
| CN107659870A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-02-02 | 青岛理工大学 | digital underwater acoustic transducer unit, array, device and control method |
| CN112443320A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-05 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Remote detection dipole logging transducer |
| CN111371278A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-07-03 | 西华大学 | An electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 冯若: "《声学手册》", 31 October 1999, 南京大学出版社, pages: 550 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114771781A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-22 | 山东科技大学 | An ultrasonic anchor for deep sea exploration robot seabed bed attachment |
| CN114771781B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-10-27 | 山东科技大学 | An ultrasonic anchor for deep-sea exploration robots to attach to seafloor rock beds |
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