CN113904908B - Soft demapping method suitable for multiple high-order modulation modes - Google Patents
Soft demapping method suitable for multiple high-order modulation modes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113904908B CN113904908B CN202111262062.6A CN202111262062A CN113904908B CN 113904908 B CN113904908 B CN 113904908B CN 202111262062 A CN202111262062 A CN 202111262062A CN 113904908 B CN113904908 B CN 113904908B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- soft
- binary vector
- constellation
- frame signal
- demapping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007476 Maximum Likelihood Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
- H04L1/0052—Realisations of complexity reduction techniques, e.g. pipelining or use of look-up tables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
- H04L1/0054—Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding, e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive soft demapping method suitable for a plurality of high-order modulation modes, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out power adjustment on a demodulated baseband signal, selecting different constellation diagram templates according to a modulation coding mode and a mapping mode of the baseband signal, determining quadrant area information respectively represented by '0' and '1' of each corresponding binary vector in the constellation diagram templates, calculating the minimum value of the distance between the baseband signal after the power unification and all coordinate points in the quadrant area of each binary vector '0' and '1' in the constellation diagram templates, taking the difference between the two minimum values as demapped binary vector soft output values, carrying out power adjustment on all binary vector soft output values respectively, and unifying the output values into 4 paths of parallel soft output values. The invention occupies less resources when in engineering application, can realize the self-adaptive soft demapping of 8PSK, 16APSK-256APSK and 16QAM-256QAM in the high-order modulation mode, and is particularly suitable for the practical application of the soft demapping in various high-order modulation modes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-adaptive soft demapping method suitable for various high-order modulation modes, in particular to soft demapping suitable for various high-order modulation modes.
Background
When a high-order modulation mode is adopted in the communication link, especially 8PSK, 16APSK-256APSK, 16QAM-256QAM and the like, the transmission efficiency of the link is very high. However, the combination of the common quadrant hard decision demapping and decoding can not embody the coding gain to the maximum extent, which can lead to the deterioration of the performance of the whole demodulation system. The maximum likelihood ratio algorithm is adopted to carry out soft decision demapping, the implementation complexity is high, the input baseband signal power of the soft decision demapping module has no corresponding relation with the constellation pattern template power, the power between the output binary vector soft output values of the soft decision demapping module is inconsistent, the potential defect exists in the soft information quantity fed into the decoding module, the coding gain cannot be reflected to the greatest extent, and the performance of a demodulation system is affected. The conventional soft demapping module aims at a plurality of high-order modulation modes, each high-order modulation mode adopts an independent demapping algorithm, logic resources of different high-order modulation modes cannot be shared, and great waste of the logic resources is caused.
Aiming at the current situation, the characteristics of combining soft decision and decoding can be fully utilized, a constellation diagram template and baseband signals with uniform power are adopted, the maximum log likelihood ratio algorithm is further simplified, the method is suitable for various modulation modes, binary vector soft information values output by demapping are respectively adjusted to 4 paths of parallel output with consistent power according to soft information quantization bits of a decoding module, soft demapping of various high-order modulation modes is completed, various high-order modulation modes share logic resources, an external interface is uniform, and the algorithm performance is excellent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects existing in the prior art in the transmission of the high-order modulation mode, the invention further simplifies the transmission by adopting a maximum log likelihood ratio algorithm, provides a brand new soft demapping method suitable for various high-order modulation modes and is suitable for engineering realization, and improves the transmission performance of the system by combining with decoding.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an adaptive soft demapping method suitable for multiple high-order modulation modes, comprising the following steps:
(1) The baseband frame signal after clock and carrier recovery, i.e. demodulation, is subjected to average power adjustment according to the average power value of the stored constellation diagram template;
(2) According to the baseband frame signal r after power adjustment k Selecting a constellation pattern template according to the modulation coding mode and the mapping mode of the system, and dividing each binary vector b in the constellation pattern template i =0 and b i Setting different decision areas and boundaries for quadrant surfaces corresponding to the '1's respectively; wherein b i ∈{b 1 ,b 2 ..........b m M is derived from the baseband frame signal r k A modulation scheme of (a) is determined;
(3) From constellation template b 1 ,b 2 ..........b m Selecting a binary vector b i Calculating the baseband frame signal r k Soft information value lambda of binary vector of demapping output i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein different constellation templates are multiplexed in computing the time division;
(4) Repeating the step (3) for m times, and selecting different binary vectors each time to obtain a baseband signal r k Soft output value λ= { λ for m binary vectors of (a) 1 ,λ 2 ..........λ m }；
(5) Will base band frame signal r k Soft output value λ= { λ for m binary vectors of (a) 1 ,λ 2 ..........λ m Respectively performing power adjustment to obtain lambda' = { lambda } 1 ′,λ 2 ′..........λ m ' and unifies the outputs to parallel 4 paths of soft output values;
(6) And (3) repeating the steps (1) - (5) on the baseband frame signal after the next frame demodulation to finish the self-adaptive soft demapping of various high-order modulation modes.
Wherein, each constellation pattern template in the steps (1) and (2) corresponds to a mapping mode, different constellation pattern templates have the same average power value, and the specific average power value is determined by the quantization bit number of the coordinate point in the constellation pattern template.
Wherein, in the step (3), the baseband frame signal r is calculated k Soft information value lambda of binary vector of demapping output i The specific mode is as follows:
for selecting binary vectorsb n =0 or b n When the quadrant area corresponding to=1 is divided by the I-axis or Q-axis, r is directly defined as k As the imaginary or real part of the binary vector i ；
Otherwise, the baseband frame signal r is calculated k And selecting binary vector b i Minimum value l of distances between all coordinate points in quadrant area range corresponding to =0 0-min And calculates the baseband frame signal r k Binary vector b in constellation template n Minimum value l of distances between all coordinate points in quadrant area range corresponding to =1 1-min The difference between the two minimum values 0-min -l 1-min As baseband frame signal r k Soft information value lambda of binary vector of demapping output i 。
And (3) when the power is adjusted in the step (5), respectively adjusting according to the power difference caused by the reliability difference of different binary vector soft output values and the quantization bit number of the input soft information of the subsequent decoding module.
Wherein m=log in step (2) 2 (M), M represents the total number of coordinate points in the constellation diagram corresponding to the modulation mode.
When the output is unified into parallel 4 paths of soft output values in the step (5), different modulation and coding modes need different storage conversion groups: m=3, 5, 7, four sets of output values need to be stored; when m=6, two sets of output values need to be stored; m=4, 8, no storage is required; and the processing clock of step (5) is one time higher than the processing clocks of steps (1) - (4).
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) Aiming at the inconsistency of output power of binary vector soft output values output by soft demapping, the output power of each binary vector soft output value is adjusted according to the quantization bit number of a decoding module, and the binary vector soft output value is combined with decoding, so that soft information is fully utilized, coding gain is improved, and system performance is improved.
(2) Different constellation templates are selected according to different modulation coding modes, and the different constellation templates are multiplexed in a time-sharing way when the minimum distance part is calculated, so that resources are saved; soft demapping of various high order modulation modes can be realized.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
A soft demapping method suitable for multiple high-order modulation modes comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, the baseband signal after clock and carrier recovery, i.e. demodulation, is subjected to average power adjustment according to the average power value of the stored constellation diagram template;
the constellation templates of different modulation and coding schemes have the same average power value, and the specific average power value is determined by the quantization bit number of the coordinate points in the constellation templates. Because of the adoption of high-order modulation, the quantization bit number is selected to be 14 bits, the average power value is set to 2500, the maximum amplitude value of the constellation point corresponding to 256APSK is about 2800, and 2 bits of symbol bits are reserved.
(2) According to the baseband frame signal r after power adjustment k Selecting a constellation pattern template according to the modulation coding mode and the mapping mode of the system, and dividing each binary vector b in the constellation pattern template i =0 and b i Setting different decision areas and boundaries for quadrant surfaces corresponding to the '1's respectively; wherein b i ∈{b 1 ,b 2 ..........b m M is derived from the baseband frame signal r k A modulation scheme of (a) is determined; m=log 2 (M), M represents a number of system, namely the total number of coordinate points in the constellation diagram corresponding to the modulation mode. For 256APSK or 256qam, m=256, the corresponding number of demapped output binary vectors m=8, i.e. b= { b 1 ,b 2 ..........b 8 }。
(3) From constellation template b 1 ,b 2 ..........b m Selecting a binary vector b i Calculating the baseband frame signal r k Soft information value lambda of binary vector of demapping output i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein different constellation templates are multiplexed in the time division calculation, so that hardware resources are saved;
the specific calculation is as follows: for selecting binary vector b n =0 or b n Quadrant area corresponding to =1 in I-axisOr Q axis is the boundary, directly r k As the imaginary or real part of the binary vector i ；
Otherwise, the baseband frame signal r is calculated k And selecting binary vector b i Minimum value l of distances between all coordinate points in quadrant area range corresponding to =0 0-min And calculates the baseband frame signal r k Binary vector b in constellation template n Minimum value l of distances between all coordinate points in quadrant area range corresponding to =1 1-min The difference between the two minimum values 0-min -l 1-min As baseband frame signal r k Soft information value lambda of binary vector of demapping output i ；
(4) From baseband signal r k Determines each baseband signal r by modulation scheme of (a) k Demapping the number m of the output binary vectors, repeating the step (3) m times to obtain a baseband signal r k Soft output value λ= { λ for m binary vectors of (a) 1 ,λ 2 ..........λ m }；
(5) Will base band signal r k Soft output value λ= { λ for m binary vectors of (a) 1 ,λ 2 ..........λ m Respectively performing power adjustment to obtain lambda' = { lambda } 1 ′,λ 2 ′..........λ m ' and unifies the output of 4 paths of parallel burst soft output values;
due to the baseband signal r k The amplitude ranges of the soft output values of different binary vectors of the demapping output are different, and the power difference caused by the reliability difference of the soft output values of different binary vectors and the quantization bit number of the input soft information of the subsequent decoding module are required to be respectively adjusted.
. The quantization bit number of the decoding module is generally 8 bits, the maximum power value, i.e. the amplitude value is about 60, and 2 bits of sign bit are reserved.
Wherein, the binary vector soft output value m=3-8 is uniformly changed into 4-path parallel output. Different modulation schemes require different sets of storage transformations: m=3, 5, 7, 4 sets of output values need to be stored; when m=6, 2 sets of output values need to be stored; m=4, 8, no storage is required. The processing clock of the step (5) is uniformly doubled compared with the processing clocks of the steps (1) - (4), and 4-path parallel burst soft output value output is realized.
(6) And (3) repeating the steps (1) - (5) on the baseband frame signal after the next frame demodulation to finish the self-adaptive soft demapping of various high-order modulation modes.
Claims (6)
1. An adaptive soft demapping method suitable for a plurality of high-order modulation modes, comprising the following steps:
(1) The baseband frame signal after clock and carrier recovery, i.e. demodulation, is subjected to average power adjustment according to the average power value of the stored constellation diagram template;
(2) According to the baseband frame signal r after power adjustment k Selecting a constellation pattern template according to the modulation coding mode and the mapping mode of the system, and dividing each binary vector b in the constellation pattern template i =0 and b i Setting different decision areas and boundaries for quadrant surfaces corresponding to the '1's respectively; wherein b i ∈{b 1 ,b 2 ..........b m M is derived from the baseband frame signal r k A modulation scheme of (a) is determined;
(3) From constellation template b 1 ,b 2 ..........b m Selecting a binary vector b i Calculating the baseband frame signal r k Soft information value lambda of binary vector of demapping output i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein different constellation templates are multiplexed in computing the time division;
(4) Repeating the step (3) for m times, and selecting different binary vectors each time to obtain a baseband signal r k Soft output value λ= { λ for m binary vectors of (a) 1 ,λ 2 ..........λ m }；
(5) Will base band frame signal r k Soft output value λ= { λ for m binary vectors of (a) 1 ,λ 2 ..........λ m Respectively performing power adjustment to obtain lambda '= { lambda' 1 ,λ′ 2 ..........λ′ m And unifies the output to parallel 4 paths of soft output values;
(6) And (3) repeating the steps (1) - (5) on the baseband frame signal after the next frame demodulation to finish the self-adaptive soft demapping of various high-order modulation modes.
2. The adaptive soft demapping method of claim 1 wherein each of the constellation templates in steps (1) and (2) corresponds to a mapping scheme, different constellation templates having the same average power value, the specific average power value being determined by the number of quantization bits of the coordinate points in the constellation template.
3. The adaptive soft demapping method as in claim 1 wherein in step (3) a baseband frame signal r is calculated k Soft information value lambda of binary vector of demapping output i The specific mode is as follows:
for selecting binary vector b n =0 or b n When the quadrant area corresponding to=1 is divided by the I-axis or Q-axis, r is directly defined as k As the imaginary or real part of the binary vector i ；
Otherwise, the baseband frame signal r is calculated k And selecting binary vector b i Minimum value l of distances between all coordinate points in quadrant area range corresponding to =0 0-min And calculates the baseband frame signal r k Binary vector b in constellation template n Minimum value l of distances between all coordinate points in quadrant area range corresponding to =1 1-min The difference between the two minimum values 0-min -l 1-min As baseband frame signal r k Soft information value lambda of binary vector of demapping output i 。
4. The adaptive soft demapping method of claim 1 wherein, when performing power adjustment in step (5), the power difference caused by the reliability difference of different binary vector soft output values and the quantization bit number of the input soft information of the subsequent decoding module are respectively adjusted.
5. The adaptive soft demapping method of claim 1 wherein in step (2) m = log 2 (M), M represents the total number of coordinate points in the constellation diagram corresponding to the modulation mode.
6. The adaptive soft demapping method for multiple higher order modulation schemes as recited in claim 1, wherein when the output is unified into parallel 4 paths of soft output values in step (5), different modulation and coding schemes require different storage transform groups: m=3, 5, 7, four sets of output values need to be stored; when m=6, two sets of output values need to be stored; m=4, 8, no storage is required; and the processing clock of step (5) is one time higher than the processing clocks of steps (1) - (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111262062.6A CN113904908B (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | Soft demapping method suitable for multiple high-order modulation modes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111262062.6A CN113904908B (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | Soft demapping method suitable for multiple high-order modulation modes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113904908A CN113904908A (en) | 2022-01-07 |
| CN113904908B true CN113904908B (en) | 2023-12-29 |
Family
ID=79026763
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111262062.6A Active CN113904908B (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | Soft demapping method suitable for multiple high-order modulation modes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113904908B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009135929A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | Constellation simplification device, simplification method thereof and receiver |
| EP2963882A1 (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-01-06 | Alcatel Lucent | Method of deriving information bits from a received phase modulated optical signal carrying forward error correction encoded bits |
| CN105376191A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2016-03-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Bit synchronization locking decision method of broadband received signal |
| KR20180124657A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-11-21 | 에이피위성 주식회사 | Receiver for satellite mobile communication |
| US10277448B1 (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-04-30 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Method for hierarchical modulation with vector processing |
| CN111277536A (en) * | 2020-02-16 | 2020-06-12 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | DVB-S2X system soft demapping method, digital signal processing system |
-
2021
- 2021-10-28 CN CN202111262062.6A patent/CN113904908B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009135929A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | Constellation simplification device, simplification method thereof and receiver |
| EP2963882A1 (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-01-06 | Alcatel Lucent | Method of deriving information bits from a received phase modulated optical signal carrying forward error correction encoded bits |
| CN105376191A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2016-03-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Bit synchronization locking decision method of broadband received signal |
| KR20180124657A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-11-21 | 에이피위성 주식회사 | Receiver for satellite mobile communication |
| US10277448B1 (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-04-30 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Method for hierarchical modulation with vector processing |
| CN111277536A (en) * | 2020-02-16 | 2020-06-12 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | DVB-S2X system soft demapping method, digital signal processing system |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 一种8PSK、16APSK与32APSK软解映射的实现技术;崔霞霞;江会娟;万明刚;;无线电工程(第04期);全文 * |
| 一种简化的16QAM软解映射算法;兰霞;;舰船电子工程(第04期);全文 * |
| 低复杂度高阶APSK解映射方法与实现结构;李慧;彭昱;韩昌彩;陈为刚;;电子测量与仪器学报(第06期);全文 * |
| 基于星座图匹配的OFDM子信道调制识别改进算法;谢红;;计算机与网络(第07期);全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113904908A (en) | 2022-01-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5530725A (en) | Diversity receiver for dispersive channels, combining reliability-weighed signals | |
| US5195108A (en) | System and method for determining absolute phase of a differentially-encoded, phase-modulated signal | |
| JPH11513211A (en) | Trellis-encoded QAM using rate-compatible punctured convolutional code | |
| WO1996017439B1 (en) | Cyclic trellis coded modulation | |
| CN111800368B (en) | Digital communication method based on 16-system 8-8 constellation map mapping | |
| CN102790747B (en) | Mapping method for spacial modulation system | |
| CN103581087B (en) | Multi-input multi-output system binary digital signal sky moves keying modulation demodulation method | |
| US8249190B2 (en) | Dual carrier modulation | |
| US10148390B2 (en) | Rate adaptive turbo forward error correction | |
| WO2007010376A2 (en) | Adaptive multilevel block coded modulation for ofdm systems | |
| US6058146A (en) | Receiver employing coded modulation | |
| CN108449303A (en) | MSK Carrier Synchronization and Demodulation System and Method Based on Demodulation Soft Output | |
| US5537430A (en) | Trellis-coded modulation system | |
| US5263052A (en) | Viterbi equalizer for radio receiver | |
| CN114567534B (en) | Soft decision method, soft decision device, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium | |
| CN113904908B (en) | Soft demapping method suitable for multiple high-order modulation modes | |
| JPH07273827A (en) | Signal processing device and signal processing method | |
| CN103095641A (en) | Amplitude phase key (APSK) constellation mapping and mapping method thereof | |
| KR20060105416A (en) | Soft Demodulation and Soft Modulation in Multi-antenna Systems | |
| CN109818891A (en) | A Lattice Reduction Aided Low-Complexity Greedy Sphere Decoding Detection Method | |
| CN112383499B (en) | A phase recovery method for synthesizing high-order modulated signals | |
| CN119254591A (en) | Flexible configuration of delay-Doppler domain OTFS index modulation method, system and program product | |
| US9819423B2 (en) | Low-complexity multi-symbol log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculation | |
| CN101197603B (en) | Low complexity step-by-step detecting system and method of multi-antenna system based on spherical decoding | |
| CN112187332B (en) | Large-scale multi-input multi-output soft detection system and method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |