CN113900746B - Flexible display method and household appliance - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a flexible display method and a household appliance, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining preset initial coordinates of a matrix on a dot matrix screen, and calculating to obtain initial pages of the matrix and offset of the matrix relative to the origin of the dot matrix screen according to the preset initial coordinates; acquiring size data of the matrix, and calculating to obtain the coverage column number of the matrix according to the size data; and (3) starting from the initial column, performing a writing step according to the column until the writing of the new video memory data is completed. The flexible display method and the household appliance have the advantages of less required operation resources and flexible display.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a flexible display method and a household appliance.
Background
At present, an LED dot matrix screen is composed of LEDs (light emitting diodes) and displays characters, pictures and the like by lighting up and down lamp beads, and is a display device with modularized components, and is generally composed of a display module, a control system and a power supply system. The LED dot matrix display screen is simple to manufacture, convenient to install and widely applied.
In the prior art, a dot matrix screen displays graphics/characters, and the character model data of the graphics/characters are required to be acquired firstly and then written into a video memory for display through a chip; if the graph/character changes, the word model data of the changed graph/character needs to be acquired again, and then written into the video memory for display. The display mode has high requirement on the operation capability of the processor and occupies large operation resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a flexible display method and a household appliance, which have less required operation resources and flexible display positions.
According to a first aspect of the present application, an embodiment of the present application provides a flexible display method, the method being applicable to a dot matrix screen, the method including:
Acquiring preset initial coordinates (X, Y) of a matrix on a dot matrix screen, and calculating to obtain an initial page of the matrix and an offset K of the matrix relative to the origin of the dot matrix screen according to the preset initial coordinates (X, Y); wherein X, Y is a column coordinate and a row coordinate respectively;
acquiring size data of the matrix, and calculating to obtain the coverage column number of the matrix according to the size data;
Starting from the initial column, performing a writing step according to the column until writing of new video memory data is completed;
wherein the writing step includes:
Acquiring the data of the prefix code head address of the current column, and shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column according to the offset K to obtain the shifting prefix head address of the current column;
reading original video memory data of a current column, and performing OR operation with the offset prefix address of the current column to obtain new video memory data of the current column;
and writing the new video memory data of the current column.
Optionally, the calculating the initial page of the matrix according to the preset initial coordinates (X, Y) specifically includes: dividing the row coordinates in the preset starting coordinates of the matrix by 8 to obtain a quotient.
Optionally, the calculating, according to the preset initial coordinates (X, Y), the offset K of the matrix relative to the origin of the dot matrix screen is specifically: the row coordinates of the preset starting coordinates of the matrix are divided by 8 to give a remainder.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and calculating the coverage page number of the matrix according to the size data.
Optionally, the size data of the matrix is x_size x y_size, wherein the x_size is the number of coverage columns; y_size is the number of overlay lines;
the calculation formula of the coverage page number is as follows: p= (y_size+k)/8+1, where P is the number of overlay pages and k is the offset.
Optionally, the step of offsetting the data of the prefix address of the current column according to the offset K specifically includes:
And shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column left by k bit offset at the initial page covered by the prefix, thereby obtaining the offset prefix head address of the current column.
Optionally, the step of offsetting the data of the prefix address of the current column according to the offset K, where obtaining the offset prefix address of the current column further includes:
and right shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column by 8-k bits on other pages covered by the prefix to obtain the offset prefix head address of the current column.
Optionally, the writing step is performed by columns from the initial column until the writing of the new display data is completed, specifically:
S310: starting from a starting column, the following steps are carried out according to the column until new display data of the starting page are written;
S320: changing pages to the next page covered by the matrix, starting from the initial column at the next page covered by the matrix, and performing the following steps according to the column until the new display data of the page is written;
S330: and repeating the step S320 until the writing is completed and the new display data on all the cover pages of the matrix are written.
According to a second aspect of the present application, an embodiment of the present application provides a home appliance, comprising:
a memory for storing executable instructions;
and the processor is used for realizing the method when executing the executable instructions stored in the memory.
In the embodiment of the application, the initial page of the matrix and the offset relative to the origin of the dot matrix screen are obtained through the preset initial coordinates of the matrix; further obtaining the coverage column number of the matrix according to the size data of the matrix; and then reading the first address of the matrix code of each column by column and shifting, and performing OR operation on the matrix code shifted by the current column and the original display data to obtain new display memory data, so that the matrix to be displayed can be directly written in any position of the dot matrix screen without taking the matrix again, and the display effect is good.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a snap display method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a snap display method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of a writing step according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the display of exemplary characters on a dot matrix screen according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the display of exemplary characters on a dot matrix screen according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the "plurality" generally includes at least two.
The words "if", as used herein, may be interpreted as "at … …" or "at … …" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if detected (stated condition or event)" may be interpreted as "when determined" or "in response to determination" or "when detected (stated condition or event)" or "in response to detection (stated condition or event), depending on the context.
Matrices are widely used in devices for displaying characters/graphics. These devices have a matrix stored therein, which is generated from the character graphic code and displayed.
The video memory is also called a display memory and a frame buffer, and is used for storing rendering data processed or to be read by the display chip. As with the memory of a computer, video memory is the hardware used to store graphics data. The picture displayed on the display is made up of individual pixels, each of which is controlled in its brightness and color with 4 to 64 bits of data, the points constituting a graphical picture of a frame. In order to keep the smooth picture, the pixel data of a plurality of frames to be output and processed must be stored through a video memory to achieve the buffering effect, then the buffer effect is allocated by a display chip and a CPU, and finally the operation result is converted into a graph to be output to a display.
In the prior art, a dot matrix screen displays graphics/characters, and the character model data of the graphics/characters are required to be acquired firstly and then written into a video memory for display through a chip; if the graph/character changes, the word model data of the changed graph/character needs to be acquired again, and then written into the video memory for display.
For example, the character S displayed on the dot matrix screen becomes the character SS; in this case, if the display method in the prior art is adopted, the character pattern code data corresponding to the pattern character SS needs to be retrieved, and then the code data of the character SS needs to be rewritten.
For another example, the character S displayed on the dot matrix screen becomes the character ST; in this case, when the display method in the related art is adopted, the character matrix code data corresponding to the matrix character ST needs to be retrieved, and then the code data of the character matrix ST needs to be rewritten.
The display mode has high requirement on the operation capability of the processor, occupies large operation resources, and increases the cost of the processor intangibly.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a flexible display method, where the method is applicable to a dot matrix screen, and the method includes:
S100: acquiring preset initial coordinates (X, Y) of a matrix on a dot matrix screen, and calculating to obtain an initial page of the matrix and an offset K of the matrix relative to the origin of the dot matrix screen according to the preset initial coordinates (X, Y); wherein X, Y is a column coordinate and a row coordinate, respectively.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the preset start coordinates (X, Y) may be input by a user; or may be stored in the display device in advance by the user and automatically read by the program when the method of the present application is executed. Wherein X, Y is a column coordinate and a row coordinate, respectively.
Wherein, according to the preset initial coordinates (X, Y), the initial page of the matrix is calculated as follows: dividing the row coordinates in the preset starting coordinates of the matrix by 8 to obtain a quotient.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a dot matrix screen of 64 x 64 is taken as an example, comprises 8 pages of Page0 and Page 1. Page 7. Defining Column Adr as X-axis, i.e. representing Column number; dat is the Y axis, wherein D0, D1, D2, D3. Cndot.D7 total 8 rows. Each page contains 64 x 8.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the preset starting coordinates of the "i" form are (0, 5), i.e., x=0, y=5; the quotient of 5/8 of the start page of the "i" letter is equal to 0, i.e. the start page of the "i" letter is page 0.
The offset K of the matrix relative to the origin of the dot matrix screen is calculated according to the preset initial coordinates (X, Y), specifically: the row coordinates of the preset starting coordinates of the matrix are divided by 8 to give a remainder.
Specifically, in the example, if the preset initial coordinates of the "i" shaped matrix are (0, 5), the offset K of the "i" shaped matrix with respect to the origin of the dot matrix screen is equal to 5%8, i.e. the remainder is obtained as 5. I.e. the offset K is equal to 5.
S200: acquiring size data of the matrix, and calculating to obtain the coverage column number of the matrix according to the size data;
Specifically, the user may input size data of a matrix to be displayed; if the matrix is taken and displayed in the dot matrix screen, the size data of the matrix can be directly obtained from the Flash memory Flash of the singlechip.
The size data of the matrix is x_size, wherein the x_size is the number of coverage columns; y_size is the number of coverage lines.
The size data of the "i" shape shown in fig. 5 is x_size_y_size= 4*8. I.e. the number of covering columns of the H-shaped die is 4; the number of coverage lines is 8.
Further, the method of the embodiment of the application further comprises the following steps: and calculating the coverage page number of the character matrix according to the size data obtained from Flash. As shown in fig. 2.
The calculation formula of the coverage page number is as follows: p= (y_size+k)/8+1; wherein, P is the number of coverage pages, and k is the offset. The quotient obtained by (y_size+k)/8 is taken as a positive integer.
In the above example, the number of coverage pages p= (8+5)/8+1=2. I.e. the number of overlapping pages of the i-die is 2.
S300: and (3) starting from the initial column, performing a writing step according to the column until the writing of the new video memory data is completed.
As shown in fig. 3, the writing step includes:
S1: acquiring the data of the prefix code head address of the current column, and shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column according to the offset K to obtain the shifting prefix head address of the current column;
S2: reading original video memory data of a current column, and performing OR operation with the offset prefix address of the current column to obtain new video memory data of the current column;
S3: and writing the new video memory data of the current column.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the first address of the word module code may be obtained through user input, or may be automatically read from the display device when the execution program implementing the method of the present application runs.
In some embodiments, the shifting the data of the prefix address of the current column according to the offset K, where obtaining the offset prefix address of the current column specifically includes:
And shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column left by k bit offset at the initial page covered by the prefix, thereby obtaining the offset prefix head address of the current column.
The writing step specifically comprises the following steps: acquiring data of a prefix code head address of a current column, and shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column by k-bit offset to the left in a covered initial page of the prefix to obtain an offset prefix head address of the current column; reading original video memory data of a current column, and performing OR operation with the offset prefix address of the current column to obtain new video memory data of the current column; and writing the new video memory data of the current column.
In an exemplary embodiment, when a displayed character/graphic on the dot matrix screen changes, for example, from character S to character SS; i.e. one more matrix S is displayed than the original displayed character. In the prior art, it is necessary to retrieve the modulo code array of the character SS, and then write the modulo code array of the SS for display. The display mode has high requirement on the operation capability of the processor, occupies large operation resources, and increases the cost of the processor intangibly.
By applying the method of the embodiment of the application, the character SS can be displayed on the dot matrix screen only by determining the display position coordinates of the newly added character matrix S on the dot matrix screen, the size data and the character matrix code head address of the character matrix S. The operation resources are less, and the operation capability requirement on the processor is greatly reduced.
For example: the size data of the matrix S is 4*6, namely the coverage column number of the matrix S is 4 columns; the number of coverage lines is 6. The preset initial coordinates are (0, 1), namely the initial coordinates are displayed in the 0 th column and the 1 st row, and the offset K=1%8 of the matrix S is calculated at the moment to obtain 1; i.e. the offset is 1; the letter S covers page number p= (1+1)/8+1=1, the starting page is 1/8 and the quotient is equal to 0, i.e. the letter S covers page 0 only.
When the matrix S is written on the dot matrix screen, the writing step is carried out according to the columns from the 0 th column of the 0 th page until all the 4 columns of the video memory data covered by the matrix S are written on the 0 th page.
Specifically, when the 0 th page is listed as 0 th, firstly, the data of the matrix S at the matrix code head address of the current column, namely the data of the matrix code head address of the 0 th page and the 0 th column are obtained, and offset k=1 bit is carried out to obtain the offset matrix head address of the 0 th page and the 0 th column; and then reading the original video memory data of the 0 th page and the 0 th column, performing OR operation with the offset prefix address of the 0 th page and the 0 th column to obtain new video memory data of the 0 th page and the 0 th column, and writing the new video memory data of the 0 th page and the 0 th column. After the writing of the video memory data of the 0 th page and the 0 th column is completed, the video memory data of the 0 th page and the 1 st column is further written, and according to the method, the covering column number of the character pattern S is written, and the total number of the covering column numbers is 4, so that the writing of new video memory data is completed.
In other embodiments, the shifting the data of the prefix address of the current column according to the offset K includes:
shifting the data of the first address of the word matrix code of the current column leftwards by k bit offset at the initial page covered by the word matrix to obtain the offset first address of the current column;
and right shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column by 8-k bits on other pages covered by the prefix to obtain the offset prefix head address of the current column.
The step S300: starting from the initial column, performing the writing step according to the columns until the writing of the new display data is completed, wherein the writing of the new display data is specifically as follows:
S310: starting from a starting column, writing steps are carried out according to the columns on a starting page covered by a matrix until new display data of the starting page are written;
the writing step specifically comprises the following steps: acquiring data of a prefix code head address of a current column, and shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column by k-bit offset to the left in a covered initial page of the prefix to obtain an offset prefix head address of the current column; reading original video memory data of a current column, and performing OR operation with the offset prefix address of the current column to obtain new video memory data of the current column; and writing the new video memory data of the current column.
S320: changing pages to the next page covered by the matrix, and firstly starting from the initial column in the next page covered by the matrix, and writing in the next page according to the column until the new display data of the page are written;
The writing step specifically comprises the following steps: and acquiring the data of the prefix code head address of the current column, and right-shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column by 8-k bits in the next page covered by the prefix to obtain the offset prefix head address of the current column. Reading original video memory data of a current column, and performing OR operation with the offset prefix address of the current column to obtain new video memory data of the current column; and writing the new video memory data of the current column.
S330: and repeating the step S320 until the new display data on all the coverage pages of the matrix are written.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, when the displayed character/graphic on the dot matrix screen changes, for example, from the original displayed character "one" shown in fig. 4 to the character "one H" shown in fig. 5; i.e. one more matrix H is displayed than the original displayed character. In the prior art, it is necessary to retrieve the modulo code array of the character "a H", and then write the modulo code array of "a H" for display. The display mode has high requirement on the operation capability of the processor, occupies large operation resources, and increases the cost of the processor intangibly.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the size data of the matrix "a" is 4*2, that is, the number of coverage columns is 4, and the number of coverage rows is 2. Which shows the starting coordinates (0, 3). The matrix "one" is displayed on the lattice screen, and then the matrix "one" is obtained by taking the code address of the matrix "one" to obtain (0 x18 ), and then the code address is written into the display memory for displaying.
As shown in fig. 5, the size data of the matrix "a H" is 4×10, i.e. the number of coverage columns is 4, and the number of coverage rows is 10. Which shows the starting coordinates (0, 3). Displaying a character 'H' on the dot matrix screen, firstly, taking a model of the character 'H' to obtain a model taking code address (0 xf8,0x18, 0xf 8) on a 0 th page; the modulo code address (0 x1f,0x03,0x 1 f) of page 1 is then modulo.
Then, the modulo code addresses (0 xf8,0x18, 0xf 8) are written on page 0 by column; the modulo code addresses (0 x1f,0x03,0x 1 f) are written on page 1 in columns.
The display mode has high requirement on the operation capability of the processor, occupies large operation resources, and increases the cost of the processor intangibly.
By applying the method of the embodiment of the application, the character 'H' can be displayed on the dot matrix screen only by determining the display position coordinates of the newly added character 'H', the size data and the character code head address of the character 'H'. The operation resources are less, and the operation capability requirement on the processor is greatly reduced.
Specifically, according to the size data of the matrix "H" input by the user or obtained from the single-chip microcomputer Flash, the number of columns covered by the matrix "H" is 4*8, that is, the number of columns is 4, and the number of covered rows is 8. The preset starting coordinates are (0, 5), i.e. they are displayed in column 0, row 5; at this time, the offset k= 5%8 of the matrix "H" is calculated to obtain 5, that is, the offset is 5."H" covers the number of pages p= (8+5)/8+1=2, i.e., 2 pages. The starting page is 1/8 and the quotient is equal to 0, i.e. the letter "H" is overlaid on pages 0 and 1.
The modulo code array of the word modulo "H" is obtained by modulo software (0 xff,0x18,0 xff).
Firstly, at a starting page covered by a matrix, firstly starting from a starting column, namely starting from a0 th column of a0 th page, firstly acquiring data 0xff of a first address of an H-shaped matrix code, and then shifting the 0xff leftwards by K=5 bits to obtain 0xe0; reading the original video memory data of the current column, namely, the character matrix code 0x18 of the character matrix 'one' in the 0 th column of the 0 th page; by OR-ing 0xe0 and 0x18, new display data of 0xf8, i.e., page 0, column 0, is obtained. And (4) writing the code data of the column 4 of the page 0 in sequence, namely obtaining (0 xf8,0x18 and 0xf 8).
After the 0 th page is written, the page is changed to the next page covered by the matrix, namely the 1 st page. And writing new video memory data according to columns from the 0 th column on the 1 st page until the display data of the character matrix on the page is written.
Namely, firstly acquiring data 0xff of the first address of the 'H' -shaped modular code, and then shifting the 0xff to the right by 8-K=3 bits to obtain 0x1f; then, OR operation is carried out with the original display data 0x00 to obtain 0x1f. And (4) writing 4 columns of code data of the 1 st page in sequence, namely writing the video memory data (0 x1f,0x03,0x 1 f) of the matrix on all the cover pages.
According to the flexible display method, the initial page of the matrix and the offset relative to the origin of the dot matrix screen are obtained through the preset initial coordinates of the matrix; further obtaining the coverage column number of the matrix according to the size data of the matrix; and then reading the first address of the matrix code of each column by column and shifting, and performing OR operation on the matrix code shifted by the current column and the original display data to obtain new display data for writing and displaying, so that the matrix to be displayed can be directly written in any position of the dot matrix screen without taking the matrix again after changing the characters or the graphs, and the display effect is good.
The embodiment of the application also provides a household appliance, which comprises a memory for storing executable instructions; and a processor, configured to implement the method of any of the above embodiments when executing the executable instructions stored in the memory. And the household appliance is provided with a dot matrix screen.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, it is intended that the present application also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A flexible display method, wherein the method is applicable to a dot matrix screen, and the method comprises:
Acquiring preset initial coordinates (X, Y) of a matrix on a dot matrix screen, and calculating to obtain an initial page of the matrix and an offset K of the matrix relative to the origin of the dot matrix screen according to the preset initial coordinates (X, Y); wherein X, Y is a column coordinate and a row coordinate respectively;
acquiring size data of the matrix, and calculating to obtain the coverage column number of the matrix according to the size data;
Starting from the initial column, performing a writing step according to the column until writing of new video memory data is completed;
wherein the writing step includes:
Acquiring the data of the prefix code head address of the current column, and shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column according to the offset K to obtain the shifting prefix head address of the current column;
reading original video memory data of a current column, and performing OR operation with the offset prefix address of the current column to obtain new video memory data of the current column;
Writing new video memory data of the current column;
The calculating of the initial page of the matrix according to the preset initial coordinates (X, Y) is specifically: dividing row coordinates in preset initial coordinates of the matrix by 8 to obtain quotient;
the offset K of the matrix relative to the origin of the dot matrix screen is calculated according to the preset initial coordinates (X, Y) specifically as follows: the row coordinates of the preset starting coordinates of the matrix are divided by 8 to give a remainder.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises:
And calculating the coverage page number of the matrix according to the size data.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the size data of the matrix is x_size, wherein the x_size is the number of coverage columns; y_size is the number of overlay lines;
the calculation formula of the coverage page number is as follows: p= (y_size+k)/8+1, where P is the number of overlay pages and k is the offset.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of shifting the data of the current column prefix address according to the offset K, the step of obtaining the current column offset prefix address specifically includes:
And shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column left by k bit offset at the initial page covered by the prefix, thereby obtaining the offset prefix head address of the current column.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the shifting the data of the current column's prefix address according to the offset K, the obtaining the current column's shifted prefix address further comprises:
and right shifting the data of the prefix code head address of the current column by 8-k bits on other pages covered by the prefix to obtain the offset prefix head address of the current column.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the writing step is performed in columns starting from a starting column until writing of the new display data is completed, specifically:
S310: starting from a starting column, writing steps are carried out according to the columns on a starting page covered by a matrix until new display data of the starting page are written;
S320: changing pages to the next page covered by the matrix, and firstly starting from the initial column in the next page covered by the matrix, and writing in the next page according to the column until the new display data of the page are written;
s330: and repeating the step S320 until the new display data on all the coverage pages of the matrix are written.
7. A household appliance, comprising:
a memory for storing executable instructions;
a processor for implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing executable instructions stored in said memory.
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