CN113896269A - A high-efficiency solar-powered seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation - Google Patents
A high-efficiency solar-powered seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F1/043—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/211—Solar-powered water purification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于界面蒸发的高效太阳能海水淡化装置，包括上部具有开口的容器，所述开口处密封连接有吸光板；所述吸光板的上方设有透明盖板；所述容器内具有海水储放区、多孔蒸发器、收集区和热管；多孔蒸发器将海水吸附至吸光板处，吸光板将海水加热为水蒸气，热管降低收集区的温度，高温水蒸气主动流入收集区，并在热管表面冷凝。发明仅利用太阳能作为驱动能源，不需要消耗其他的能源，具有热响应速度快，结构简单、运行稳定等优点可长期稳定应用于海水淡化、污水处理和户外饮用水提纯。
The invention provides a high-efficiency solar-powered seawater desalination device based on interface evaporation, comprising a container with an opening on the upper part, and a light-absorbing plate is sealed and connected to the opening; a transparent cover plate is arranged above the light-absorbing plate; the container has seawater in it Storage area, porous evaporator, collection area and heat pipe; the porous evaporator adsorbs seawater to the light-absorbing plate, the light-absorbing plate heats the seawater into water vapor, the heat pipe reduces the temperature of the collection area, and the high-temperature water vapor actively flows into the collection area, and in the Condensation on the surface of the heat pipe. The invention only uses solar energy as driving energy, does not need to consume other energy, has the advantages of fast thermal response speed, simple structure, stable operation, etc., and can be stably applied to seawater desalination, sewage treatment and outdoor drinking water purification for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to a high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device based on interface evaporation.
Background
With the rapid growth of global population and the rapid development of social economy, shortage of fresh water resources becomes one of the major crisis facing human society. Fresh water is one of essential substances essential to human survival and life and is an irreplaceable precious resource on the earth. The continuous consumption of traditional fossil energy, the demand of people to the energy is constantly increased, and the environmental pollution that fossil energy caused in addition leads to more and more serious energy crisis, for realizing the sustainable development of human society, develop and utilize novel pollution-free energy of opening regeneration has great strategic meaning.
Solar energy is a substitute for traditional energy sources such as abundant, clean and renewable energy sources and fossil fuels, and is widely concerned by people. Driven by basic research and practical application requirements, efforts are being made to use solar energy in a variety of ever-evolving applications, from power generation, photocatalysis, solar cells, water purification to seawater desalination. The photothermal effect is widely used due to its superior characteristics, and the photothermal effect has a great prospect as a powerful tool for reducing energy consumption, but the photothermal conversion efficiency is often very low because water can only absorb near-infrared light with a wavelength of more than 1400nm, and most of light in the visible light and short-wave near-infrared regions of the solar spectrum cannot effectively absorb and utilize solar energy. In this regard, many scientists develop and use a light-focusing system to focus sunlight to form a high-energy-density light spot to generate high-temperature steam, and although the solar driving apparatus has shown a certain capability in solving the problem of energy consumption, the following drawbacks still exist. First, the large number of concentrating systems increases investment costs to some extent, limiting their practical application in certain emergency situations (e.g., offshore and remote locations) or in home use. Secondly, there is a tendency that the evaporation efficiency of water is not satisfactory due to some optical loss and low photo-thermal efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a solar seawater desalination device with low cost, portability and high efficiency.
In recent years, scientists have focused on exploring more efficient, self-powered, portable solar-steam technology. In 2014, the cheng gang group of the ministry of science and technology of the Massachusetts first proposed an interfacial solar evaporation system using a double-layer structure for photo-thermal steam conversion. The design core of the structure is that absorbed solar energy is controlled on the surface of the structure, so that a high-temperature area is formed on the upper surface of the structure, the temperature of a water body is kept unchanged, and water is conveyed to the upper surface through the hydrophilic energy and capillary force of a material to be heated and evaporated. The double-layered structure generally includes a light absorbing layer having high light absorptivity and a heat insulating water supply layer having good heat insulating properties, pores for upward transport of water, and good hydrophilic properties. The interface solar energy evaporation technology places the absorber on a steam-liquid interface, and can only heat a water body interface thin layer water to generate steam (but not heat a water body), so that higher photo-thermal-steam conversion efficiency is obtained. However, the efficiency of the system for generating 100 ℃ steam under the illumination intensity of one sun is only 20%, and solute is accumulated on the surface of an absorber, which also influences the transportation of water and the escape of steam, and the evaporation efficiency of the solar evaporation system is reduced. And the generated steam is condensed on the glass plate, so that the refraction loss of illumination is increased, and the light absorption performance of the solar photo-thermal material is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problem, an efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation is provided.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
an efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interface evaporation comprises a container with an opening at the upper part, wherein a light absorption plate is connected to the opening in a sealing manner; a transparent cover plate is arranged above the light absorption plate;
the container is internally provided with a seawater storage area, a porous evaporator, a collecting area and a heat pipe;
the porous evaporator is positioned in the seawater storage area, and the upper surface of the porous evaporator is in contact connection with the light absorption plate and is used for adsorbing seawater to the light absorption plate;
the light absorption plate is used for absorbing solar energy and converting the solar energy into heat energy to heat the upper surface of the porous evaporator;
the collecting region is located beside the seawater storage region, the heat pipe is arranged in the collecting region, and the heat pipe is used for cooling the collecting region and condensing water vapor into water. The area of the light absorption plate is larger than the area of the upper surface of the porous evaporator, and the light absorption plate seals the opening, so that high-temperature steam can only collect in the collection area, water vapor and water drops cannot be attached to the transparent cover plate, and the light absorption performance of the light absorption plate cannot be influenced.
The seawater storage area is located in the middle of the container, the collecting areas are arranged on two sides of the seawater storage area respectively, the light absorption plate and the transparent cover plate are in a herringbone shape, and an air cavity is formed between the light absorption plate and the transparent cover plate, so that heat loss of heat conduction and convection can be reduced.
Preferably, the transparent cover plate is made of a quartz glass plate or a high-boric acid glass plate.
Preferably, the light absorbing sheet is a metal sheet or a non-metal sheet having a photothermal conversion property.
Preferably, the light absorption plate comprises a substrate, the upper surface of the substrate is plated with a solar selective coating, the substrate is made of aluminum or copper materials, and the solar selective coating is a blue titanium coating, a carbon black coating or a black chromium coating, so that the light absorption rate of the light absorption plate is about 95%, and the emissivity is about 1-8%.
Preferably, the porous evaporator comprises an insulator and a water supply body wrapped outside the insulator.
Preferably, the water supply body is dust-free paper, cotton cloth, carbon fiber or plant fiber membrane; the heat insulator is silicon rubber foam or polyethylene foam. The water supply body wrapping the heat insulator can absorb sufficient water, and control solutes such as salt and the like not to reach a precipitation saturation point, so that the surface of the porous evaporator has no salt accumulation and can not pollute the seawater desalination device.
Preferably, the container is a plastic container, and the material of the plastic container is polyethylene, polypropylene or polycarbonate;
preferably, the side wall and the bottom of the container are wrapped by a heat insulating material, and the heat insulating material is asbestos or polyurethane foam or polyethylene foam.
A transparent cover plate is arranged on the top of the whole desalting device so as to reduce the heat convection loss on the top. The light absorbing plate absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into thermal energy that is transferred to the underlying porous evaporator. Water is adsorbed to the top by a water supply body in the porous evaporator, the light absorption plate heats the water supply body to form water vapor, and the water vapor is condensed into water after encountering the heat pipe and is stored in a collection area. The water supply body is connected with the water body and the light absorption plate, so that on one hand, the water source at the bottom is continuously transported upwards to ensure that enough water is transported to the surface of the light absorption plate to realize continuous evaporation. The solute accumulation problem is solved by flexibly controlling the water delivery capacity by changing the number of the capillaries of the water supply body. The formed steam is condensed on the heat pipes at two sides and then dropped into a distilled water collector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the high-efficiency solar seawater desalination device provided by the invention adopts the selective solar light absorption plate with good light absorption performance and low emissivity, and the absorption capacity of solar energy is greatly enhanced.
(2) In the process of collecting seawater in the prior art, because a large amount of water vapor is gathered and condensed on a transparent cover plate above a light absorption plate, and because water drops and a large amount of water vapor in a container scatter and refract incident light, the absorption capacity of the solar light absorption plate on the light is greatly reduced.
(3) Solar energy directly transmits the extinction board, and the extinction board directly does not need the conduction of other medium to water heating, realizes the interface evaporation, and efficiency is higher, and solar energy utilization ratio is higher. And the light absorption plate is not in direct contact with the transparent cover plate, and an air cavity is arranged in the middle of the light absorption plate, so that heat loss of heat conduction and convection is reduced.
(4) The invention only uses solar energy as driving energy without consuming other energy, has the advantages of high thermal response speed, simple structure, stable operation and the like, and can be stably applied to seawater desalination, sewage treatment and outdoor drinking water purification for a long time.
Based on the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of seawater desalination and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of an efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a porous evaporator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a thermally insulating material; 2. a light absorbing plate; 3. a transparent cover plate; 4. a seawater storage area; 5. a porous evaporator; 6. a collection region; 7. a heat pipe; 8. a thermal insulator; 9. a water supply body; 10. a container.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides an efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation, which comprises a container 10 with an opening at the upper part, wherein the container 10 is a plastic container made of polyethylene, polypropylene or polycarbonate; the side wall and the bottom of the container 10 are wrapped by a heat insulating material 1, and the heat insulating material 1 is asbestos or polyurethane foam or polyethylene foam. The opening is hermetically connected with a light absorption plate 2; a transparent cover plate 3 is arranged above the light absorption plate 2;
the container 10 is internally provided with a seawater storage area 4, a porous evaporator 5, two collection areas 6 and two groups of heat pipes 7; the seawater storage area 4 is positioned in the middle of the container 10, the collecting areas 6 are arranged at two sides of the seawater storage area 4, and the tops of the light absorption plate 2, the transparent cover plate 3 and the porous evaporator 5 are all in a herringbone shape.
The porous evaporator 5 is positioned in the seawater storage area 4, the upper surface of the porous evaporator is in contact connection with the light absorption plate 2, and the porous evaporator is used for absorbing seawater to the light absorption plate 2;
the light absorption plate 2 is used for absorbing solar energy and converting the solar energy into heat energy to heat the upper surface of the porous evaporator 5;
the heat pipe 7 is arranged in the collecting region 6 (part of the heat pipe is arranged in the collecting region 6, part of the heat pipe is arranged outside the container 10, and the heat pipe transfers the temperature in the collecting region 6 to the outside of the container 10), and the heat pipe 7 is used for cooling the collecting region 6 and condensing the water vapor into water.
The transparent cover plate 3 is made of quartz glass plates or high-boric acid glass plates, the number of the transparent cover plates 3 is two in the embodiment, and the two transparent cover plates 3 are spliced into a herringbone shape. An air cavity is arranged between the transparent cover plate 3 and the light absorption plate 2.
The light absorbing plate 2 is a metal plate or a non-metal plate having a photothermal conversion characteristic. The light absorption plate comprises a substrate, wherein a solar selective coating is plated on the upper surface of the substrate, the substrate is made of aluminum or copper materials, and the solar selective coating is a blue titanium coating, a carbon black coating or a black chromium coating, so that the light absorption rate of the light absorption plate can be about 95%, and the emissivity of the light absorption plate is about 1-8%.
The porous evaporator 3 includes an insulator 8 and a water supply 9 wrapped outside the insulator 8. The water supply body 9 is dust-free paper, cotton cloth, carbon fiber or plant fiber film; the insulator 8 is a silicone rubber foam or a polyethylene foam.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interface evaporation is characterized by comprising a container with an opening at the upper part, wherein the opening is hermetically connected with a light absorption plate; a transparent cover plate is arranged above the light absorption plate;
the container is internally provided with a seawater storage area, a porous evaporator, a collecting area and a heat pipe;
the porous evaporator is positioned in the seawater storage area, and the upper surface of the porous evaporator is in contact connection with the light absorption plate and is used for adsorbing seawater to the light absorption plate;
the light absorption plate is used for absorbing solar energy and converting the solar energy into heat energy to heat the upper surface of the porous evaporator;
the collecting area is positioned beside the seawater storing area;
the heat pipe is arranged in the collecting area and used for cooling the collecting area and condensing water vapor into water.
2. An efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seawater storage region is located in the middle of the container, the collecting regions are respectively arranged at two sides of the seawater storage region, the light absorption plate and the transparent cover plate are both in a herringbone shape, and an air cavity is arranged between the light absorption plate and the transparent cover plate.
3. The efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transparent cover plate is made of quartz glass plate or high-boric acid glass plate.
4. An efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light absorption plate is a metal plate or a non-metal plate with photothermal conversion property.
5. The efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the light absorption plate comprises a substrate, the upper surface of the substrate is plated with a solar selective coating, the substrate is made of aluminum or copper material, and the solar selective coating is a blue titanium coating or a carbon black coating or a black chromium coating.
6. The efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the porous evaporator comprises a thermal insulation body and a water supply body wrapped outside the thermal insulation body.
7. The efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation according to claim 6, wherein the water supply body is dust-free paper, cotton cloth, carbon fiber or plant fiber membrane; the heat insulator is silicon rubber foam or polyethylene foam.
8. The efficient solar seawater desalination device based on interfacial evaporation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the container is a plastic container made of polyethylene, polypropylene or polycarbonate;
the side wall and the bottom of the container are wrapped by heat-insulating materials, and the heat-insulating materials are asbestos or polyurethane foam or polyethylene foam.
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Application publication date: 20220107 |