CN113894280A - Powder metallurgy material - Google Patents
Powder metallurgy material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113894280A CN113894280A CN202111158797.4A CN202111158797A CN113894280A CN 113894280 A CN113894280 A CN 113894280A CN 202111158797 A CN202111158797 A CN 202111158797A CN 113894280 A CN113894280 A CN 113894280A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a powder metallurgy material which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 5-10 parts of alumina powder, 1-4 parts of nickel powder, 1.5-2.0 parts of graphite powder, 0.1-1 part of phosphorus powder, 8-12 parts of metal tungsten powder, 0.5-1 part of lubricant, 0.5-1 part of processing aid and the balance of iron powder. The powder metallurgy material not only ensures the strength of the product, but also ensures the toughness of the product, and realizes the common promotion of the strength and the toughness. Meanwhile, by limiting the raw material components and the reasonable proportion of the raw material components, the prepared green compact is easier to demould, uniform and fine in texture, good in surface quality and high in product percent of pass. The powder metallurgy material has the advantages of low cost and price of raw materials, reliable performance, and good application range and application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical materials, and particularly relates to a powder metallurgical material.
Background
Powder metallurgy is a processing method for making various products by pressing and sintering metal powder as a raw material. The essential advantages of the powder metallurgy part production process are the rapid forming capability of the complex parts and the high utilization rate of materials.
Powder metallurgy refers to porous, semi-dense, or fully dense materials (including articles) made by powder metallurgy processes. The powder metallurgy material has unique chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties which cannot be obtained by the traditional fusion casting process, such as controllable porosity of the material, uniform material structure, no macrosegregation, one-step forming and the like. Brake pads, clutch friction plates, porous filters, porous sweating materials, oil-impregnated bearings, magnetic cores, electric contacts, high-specific-gravity alloys, hard alloys, superhard wear-resistant parts and the like on airplanes and engines cannot be manufactured by common casting and forging processes because of containing a large amount of non-metallic components or communicating pores, and can only be manufactured by powder metallurgy processes such as cold pressing and sintering by taking powder as a raw material, however, the powder metallurgy materials sold in the market cannot meet the actual use requirements due to the problems of low hardness, poor wear resistance, low density, low tensile strength and the like.
Accordingly, further developments and improvements are still needed in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, powder metallurgy materials having advantages of good hardness, high wear resistance, high tensile strength, high density, and the like have been proposed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the powder metallurgy material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 5-10 parts of alumina powder, 1-4 parts of nickel powder, 1.5-2.0 parts of graphite powder, 0.1-1 part of phosphorus powder, 8-12 parts of metal tungsten powder, 0.5-1 part of lubricant, 0.5-1 part of processing aid and the balance of iron powder.
Preferably, the feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 7 parts of alumina powder, 2 parts of nickel powder, 1.8 parts of graphite powder, 0.5 part of phosphorus powder, 10 parts of metal tungsten powder, 0.8 part of lubricant, 0.6 part of processing aid and the balance of iron powder.
Preferably, the graphite powder is natural flake micro-powder graphite.
Preferably, the mesh number of the natural crystalline flake graphite micropowder is 100 meshes.
Further, the lubricant is one or more of fatty acid diamide, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate and aluminum stearate.
Preferably, the lubricant is a fatty acid diamide.
Further, the iron powder consists of water atomized iron powder and reduced iron powder, and the mass fraction of the water atomized iron powder in the total amount of the iron powder is 40-45%.
Preferably, the processing aid is manganese sulfide.
Furthermore, the mesh numbers of the electrolytic copper powder, the iron powder, the alumina powder, the nickel powder, the phosphorus powder and the metal tungsten powder are the same and are all 100-150 meshes.
Preferably, the mesh numbers of the electrolytic copper powder, the iron powder, the alumina powder, the nickel powder, the phosphorus powder and the metal tungsten powder are the same and are all 100 meshes.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the raw material components, the alumina powder is used as an antiwear agent, so that a product prepared from the powder metallurgy material has good wear resistance. The graphite powder is used as a reinforcing agent, the addition of graphite is beneficial to the enhancement of iron-based powder metallurgy raw materials, and the sintered product has high strength. The phosphorus powder is added, and the material density is improved by strong shrinkage during high-temperature sintering, so that the defect of conventional manufacture of powder metallurgy high-density products is overcome. The metal tungsten powder is added, and the high temperature resistance of the sintered product is improved due to the high melting point of the tungsten powder. By adding the processing aid, the mechanical processing performance of the powder metallurgy material is effectively improved. The graphite powder and the lubricant are added together, so that the demolding capacity of the powder metallurgy material pressed compact is improved, the wear rate of the product is reduced, and the product prepared by the raw material components even under the conventional powder metallurgy material preparation process still has high tensile strength and hardness and simultaneously has good high temperature resistance and high density through the synergistic effect of the raw material components.
The powder metallurgy material not only ensures the strength of the product, but also ensures the toughness of the product, and realizes the common promotion of the strength and the toughness. Meanwhile, by limiting the raw material components and the reasonable proportion of the raw material components, the prepared green compact is easier to demould, uniform and fine in texture, good in surface quality and high in product percent of pass. The powder metallurgy material has the advantages of low cost and price of raw materials, reliable performance, and good application range and application prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following description is given for clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and other similar embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The powder metallurgy material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 5-10 parts of alumina powder, 1-4 parts of nickel powder, 1.5-2.0 parts of graphite powder, 0.1-1 part of phosphorus powder, 8-12 parts of metal tungsten powder, 0.5-1 part of lubricant, 0.5-1 part of processing aid and the balance of iron powder.
Specifically, in the raw material components, alumina powder is used as an antiwear agent, so that a product prepared from the powder metallurgy material has good wear resistance. The graphite powder is used as a reinforcing agent, the addition of graphite is beneficial to the enhancement of iron-based powder metallurgy raw materials, and the sintered product has high strength. The phosphorus powder is added, and the material density is improved by strong shrinkage during high-temperature sintering, so that the defect of conventional manufacture of powder metallurgy high-density products is overcome. The metal tungsten powder is added, and the high temperature resistance of the sintered product is improved due to the high melting point of the tungsten powder. By adding the processing aid, the mechanical processing performance of the powder metallurgy material is effectively improved. Through the common boundary of the graphite powder and the lubricant, the demolding capacity of the powder metallurgy material pressed compact is improved, the wear rate of the product is reduced, and through the synergistic effect of the raw material components, the product prepared by the raw material components even under the conventional powder metallurgy material preparation process still has high tensile strength and hardness, and simultaneously has good high temperature resistance and high density. The powder metallurgy material not only ensures the strength of the product, but also ensures the toughness of the product, and realizes the common promotion of the strength and the toughness. Meanwhile, by limiting the raw material components and the reasonable proportion of the raw material components, the prepared green compact is easier to demould, uniform and fine in texture, good in surface quality and high in product percent of pass. The powder metallurgy material has the advantages of low cost and price of raw materials, reliable performance, and good application range and application prospect.
Preferably, the feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 7 parts of alumina powder, 2 parts of nickel powder, 1.8 parts of graphite powder, 0.5 part of phosphorus powder, 10 parts of metal tungsten powder, 0.8 part of lubricant, 0.6 part of processing aid and the balance of iron powder.
Preferably, the graphite powder is natural flake micro-powder graphite. The natural flake graphite micropowder has self-lubricating property and thermal shock resistance, has special oxidation resistance, self-lubricating property and plasticity under high temperature conditions, can increase the strength of an original part, and has the advantages of uniform particles, easiness in mixing, high temperature resistance and the like. The natural crystalline flake graphite powder increases the hardness, wear resistance, high temperature resistance and self-lubricating property of the metal material.
Preferably, the mesh number of the natural flake micro-powder graphite is 100 meshes, so that the mixing effect of each raw material component is improved, and the density of the powder metallurgy material is improved.
Further, the lubricant is one or more of fatty acid diamide, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate and aluminum stearate.
Preferably, the lubricant is a fatty acid diamide. In the preferable scheme of the powder metallurgy material, the fatty acid diamide is preferentially selected as the lubricant, the fatty acid diamide is heated and volatilized in the sintering process of the powder metallurgy material and is completely gasified, no residue is left in a hearth, the volatilization rate of the fatty acid diamide is 98.9 percent at 500 ℃, no residue is left basically, and the subsequent alloying sintering process of a high-temperature area is facilitated.
Further, the iron powder consists of water atomized iron powder and reduced iron powder, and the mass fraction of the water atomized iron powder in the total amount of the iron powder is 40-45%.
Preferably, the processing aid is manganese sulfide, so that the free-cutting performance of the powder metallurgy material can be effectively improved.
Furthermore, the electrolytic copper powder, the iron powder, the alumina powder, the nickel powder, the phosphorus powder and the metal tungsten powder have the same mesh number and are all 100-150 meshes, so that the mixing effect of the raw material components is improved, the density of the powder metallurgy material is improved, and the powder metallurgy material is easier to form.
Preferably, the mesh numbers of the electrolytic copper powder, the iron powder, the alumina powder, the nickel powder, the phosphorus powder and the metal tungsten powder are the same and are all 100 meshes, so that the mixing effect of the raw material components is effectively improved, and the density of the powder metallurgy material is improved.
The preparation process of the powder metallurgy material sequentially comprises the following steps: proportioning, mixing, pressing, green body detection, sintering, blank burning detection, packaging and warehousing. The prepared product can resist high temperature of more than 900 ℃.
Example 1
The powder metallurgy material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 5 parts of alumina powder, 1 part of nickel powder, 1.5 parts of natural flake micro-powder graphite, 0.1 part of phosphorus powder, 8 parts of metal tungsten powder, 0.5 part of fatty acid diamide, 0.5 part of manganese sulfide and the balance of iron powder. The mesh number of the natural flake micro-powder graphite is 100 meshes. The iron powder consists of water atomized iron powder and reduced iron powder, and the mass fraction of the water atomized iron powder in the total amount of the iron powder is 45%. The mesh numbers of the electrolytic copper powder, the iron powder, the alumina powder, the nickel powder, the phosphorus powder and the metal tungsten powder are the same and are all 100 meshes.
The powder metallurgy semi-finished product is prepared from the raw material components of the powder metallurgy material according to the following preparation process:
(1) preparing materials: preparing the raw materials of the powder metallurgy material according to the weight percentage of the raw materials;
(2) mixing: uniformly mixing the powder metallurgy material raw materials which are prepared according to the weight percentage of each raw material;
(3) pressing: putting the mixed powder metallurgy material powder into the upper part of a press, and feeding the powder metallurgy material powder into a preset product die by the press for automatic pressing and pressing into a product blank;
(4) and (3) sintering: putting the product blank into a conveying mesh belt, conveying the conveying mesh belt into a sintering furnace at a set speed, and sintering the product blank into a semi-finished product;
(5) finishing and deburring: placing the semi-finished product into a shaping die for fine correction to enable the semi-finished product to reach a required tolerance range; carrying out shot blasting, vibration and manual deburring on the shaped semi-finished product;
(6) steam treatment: performing steam treatment on the semi-finished product after deburring to form a compact layer on the surface of the semi-finished product;
(7) and (3) detection: and (5) detecting the tensile strength and the hardness of the semi-finished product subjected to steam treatment.
Example 2
The powder metallurgy material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 7 parts of alumina powder, 2 parts of nickel powder, 1.8 parts of graphite powder, 0.5 part of phosphorus powder, 10 parts of metal tungsten powder, 0.8 part of lubricant, 0.6 part of processing aid and the balance of iron powder. The mesh number of the natural flake micro-powder graphite is 100 meshes. The iron powder consists of water atomized iron powder and reduced iron powder, and the mass fraction of the water atomized iron powder in the total amount of the iron powder is 45%. The mesh numbers of the electrolytic copper powder, the iron powder, the alumina powder, the nickel powder, the phosphorus powder and the metal tungsten powder are the same and are all 100 meshes.
The powder metallurgy semi-finished product is prepared by the powder metallurgy raw material components according to the preparation process in the embodiment 1, and the details are not repeated.
Example 3
The powder metallurgy material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 10 parts of alumina powder, 4 parts of nickel powder, 2.0 parts of natural flake micro-powder graphite, 1 part of phosphorus powder, 12 parts of metal tungsten powder, 1 part of fatty acid diamide, 1 part of manganese sulfide and the balance of iron powder. The mesh number of the natural flake micro-powder graphite is 100 meshes. The iron powder consists of water atomized iron powder and reduced iron powder, and the mass fraction of the water atomized iron powder in the total amount of the iron powder is 45%. The mesh numbers of the electrolytic copper powder, the iron powder, the alumina powder, the nickel powder, the phosphorus powder and the metal tungsten powder are the same and are all 100 meshes.
The powder metallurgy semi-finished product is prepared by the powder metallurgy raw material components according to the preparation process in the embodiment 1, and the details are not repeated.
Comparative example 1
The common powder metallurgy formula comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.8 part of carbon powder and the balance of iron powder. Wherein, the mesh number of the carbon powder and the iron powder is 100 meshes.
The powder metallurgy semi-finished product is prepared by the common powder metallurgy formula according to the preparation process in the example 1, and the details are not repeated.
Comparative example 2
The powder metallurgy semi-finished product is prepared by adopting pure iron powder and according to the preparation process of the example 1, and the details are not repeated. Wherein the mesh number of the iron powder is 100 meshes.
The powder metallurgy semi-finished products prepared in the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to tensile strength and hardness performance tests, and the test structures are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the hardness and tensile strength of the powder metallurgy semi-finished product are remarkably improved by adopting the formulation of the powder metallurgy material of the present invention. The powder metallurgy material prepared in the above example 2 is more excellent in comprehensive properties, and therefore, can be selected as the most preferable example.
The present invention has been described in detail, and it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The powder metallurgy material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 5-10 parts of alumina powder, 1-4 parts of nickel powder, 1.5-2.0 parts of graphite powder, 0.1-1 part of phosphorus powder, 8-12 parts of metal tungsten powder, 0.5-1 part of lubricant, 0.5-1 part of processing aid and the balance of iron powder.
2. The powder metallurgy material according to claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 7 parts of alumina powder, 2 parts of nickel powder, 1.8 parts of graphite powder, 0.5 part of phosphorus powder, 10 parts of metal tungsten powder, 0.8 part of lubricant, 0.6 part of processing aid and the balance of iron powder.
3. The powder metallurgy material according to claim 1, wherein the graphite powder is natural flake graphite.
4. The powder metallurgy material according to claim 3, wherein the natural flake graphite has a mesh size of 100 mesh.
5. The powder metallurgy material according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant is one or more of fatty acid diamide, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and aluminum stearate.
6. The powder metallurgical material according to claim 5, wherein the lubricant is a fatty acid diamide.
7. The powder metallurgy material according to claim 1, wherein the iron powder is composed of water atomized iron powder and reduced iron powder, and the amount of the water atomized iron powder is 40 to 45% by mass based on the total amount of the iron powder.
8. The powder metallurgical material according to claim 1, wherein the processing aid is manganese sulfide.
9. The powder metallurgy material according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic copper powder, the iron powder, the alumina powder, the nickel powder, the phosphorus powder and the metal tungsten powder have the same mesh number and are all 100-150 meshes.
10. The powder metallurgy material according to claim 9, wherein the electrolytic copper powder, the iron powder, the alumina powder, the nickel powder, the phosphorus powder and the metal tungsten powder have the same mesh number and are all 100 meshes.
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| CN202111158797.4A CN113894280A (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | Powder metallurgy material |
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| CN202111158797.4A CN113894280A (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | Powder metallurgy material |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116265157A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-06-20 | 扬州天健机械制造有限公司 | Novel powder metallurgy material and preparation method and application thereof |
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- 2021-09-30 CN CN202111158797.4A patent/CN113894280A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116265157A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-06-20 | 扬州天健机械制造有限公司 | Novel powder metallurgy material and preparation method and application thereof |
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