CN113893281A - 一种参芪降压丸及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种参芪降压丸,包括黄芪20份、莱菔子10份、炒青葙子10份、车前子10份、益母草10份、夏枯草10份、豨签草10份、川芎3份、葛根5份、丹参5份、钩藤5份、槲寄生5份、杜仲5份;对中低危高血压、早期高血压有着明显的降压效果;不仅如此,参芪降压丸全部由草本药物组成,其中大部分药物为药食同源药物,经过长期使用病人未发生任何毒副作用,肝肾功能均无损伤。降压效果缓和持久,对于早期并发症,均有逆转作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种参芪降压丸以及制备方法。
背景技术
高血压是指以体循环动脉血压增高为主要特征,可伴有心、脑、肾等器官的功能或器质性损害的临床综合证。据报道,我国成人高血压患病率为23.2%,患病人数达2.45亿。高血压作为常见的慢性病,也是心脑血管病最主要的危险因素。有人把早期高血压病比喻成“无声杀手”,因为他不像有些病,先让人感到痛苦使人警觉。高血压病也是诱发心力衰竭、脑梗塞、脑出血、肾衰竭等病症的重要因素。
目前治疗高血压病常用的是化学药,主要有以下几类:利尿剂、β-受体阻滞剂、ACEI类药物、钙离子拮抗剂等。以上常规降压药物对高血压急性发作有一定的治疗效果。在高血压的治疗过程中化学药虽然作用迅速,但是副作用也大。比如,利尿剂及一些含利尿剂成分的复方制剂易致低血钾,低血钾可使心血管事件的发生率和死亡率升高;β-受体阻滞剂会影响血脂、血钠、血糖、血尿酸等物质的代谢,而且β-受体阻滞剂具有负性肌力作用,还可减慢房室传导,引起不同程度的心脏传导障碍、乏力等症状,对于高血压同时合并有慢性支气管炎、肺间质纤维化等慢性呼吸系统疾病的患者,β-受体阻滞剂可诱发支气管痉挛等症状;ACEI类药物对于老年人基础肾功能欠佳者会导致高血钾,还会引起水肿、干咳等症状;钙离子拮抗剂还会引起心脏抑制、水肿等症状。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种参芪降压丸,以解决采用常规降压药物进行降压时副作用较大的技术问题。另外,本发明还提供了一种参芪降压丸的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明的一种参芪降压丸所采用的技术方案是:
一种参芪降压丸,包括:
黄芪20份、莱菔子10份、炒青葙子10份、车前子10份、益母草10份、夏枯草10份、豨签草10份、川芎3份、葛根5份、丹参5份、钩藤5份、槲寄生5份、杜仲5份。
有益效果:本发明的参芪降压丸对中低危高血压、早期高血压有着明显的降压效果;不仅如此,参芪降压丸全部由草本药物组成,其中大部分药物为药食同源药物,经过长期使用病人未发生任何毒副作用,肝肾功能均无损伤。降压效果缓和持久,对于早期并发症,均有逆转作用。
一种如权利要求1所述的参芪降压丸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取配方量的黄芪、益母草、夏枯草、豨签草、钩藤、槲寄生、葛根、莱菔子加水熬制,每次煎煮1.5小时,每次加水3倍,过滤制成浓缩药汁;
(2)将配方量的青箱子、车前子、川芎、丹参、杜仲粉碎成粉末;
(3)将步骤(1)中制得的浓缩药汁与步骤(2)中制得的粉末混合均匀、压制,制成浓缩水丸,也即参芪降压丸。
有益效果:第一,参芪降压丸的制备方法简单;第二,剂型易于携带及服用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的参芪降压丸作进一步详细描述:
一种参芪降压丸,配方组成:黄芪20份、莱菔子10份、炒青葙子10份、车前子10份、益母草10份、夏枯草10份、豨签草10份、川芎3份、葛根5份、丹参5份、钩藤5份、槲寄生5份、杜仲5份。
配方中:君药为黄芪;黄芪大剂量降压,中等剂量补气,小剂量升阳。《医学中衷参西录》谓之:“黄芪能补气,兼能升气,善治胸中之大气下陷。”近年研究表明黄芪的主要化学成分有黄芪多糖、皂苷类、黄酮类和氨基酸,黄芪能够增强心肌收缩力,扩张冠状动脉和周围血管,降血脂,抗氧化等作用。实验表明:采取结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支法制备心肌缺血再灌注模型,观察黄芪注射液对其影响,结果发现黄芪可降低缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心电图T波的变化幅度,减少其心律失常发生率,作用机制可能是通过抑制心肌细胞中的MDA、NO的形成,降低心肌细胞凋亡而发挥效果的。其量大而效著,故用之常有奇效。
臣药包括莱菔子、炒青葙子、车前子、益母草、夏枯草、豨签草;传统中医认为:凡种子因其性质沉降,皆有补肾作用。莱菔子化痰消食,其主要降压成分为生物碱,芥子碱盐类,莱菔子水溶性生物碱和钩藤总生物碱配伍应用,可抑制血管内皮细胞分泌黏附因子、减轻血管壁炎症反应。青葙子可清肝凉血、明目退翳。青葙子的独有成分豆甾醇(stigmasterol)关联有独特靶点盐皮质激素受体(NR3C2)、单胺氧化酶a(MAOA),具有调节肾上腺糖皮质激素、肾上腺盐皮质激素及肾上腺髓质激素的作用。车前子具有利尿通淋的作用,其对SHR(高血压大鼠)肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)、ET-1,eNOS的紊乱的改善、对血管舒张和收缩功能障碍的修复作用是降低血压的重要途径。益母草、夏枯草、豨签草均为全草,三药均有活血利水之功。其来源于四草汤,是已故全国著名中医泰斗董建华教授治疗高血压病的经验良方,由夏枯草、益母草、车前草、豨签草四味药物组成,共奏清肝平肝、通经利尿降压之功。现代药理研究显示益母草有增加冠状动脉流量、改善微循环、扩张外周血管、降低血压、利尿等作用;夏枯草水提物对SHR大鼠具有显著的降压作用;现代药理研究显示豨签草具有降血压的作用。
佐药包括葛根、川芎、丹参;葛根、川芎、丹参均具有活血化瘀,通经络之作用。葛根素能够降低血压,减慢心率,使冠状动脉扩张,降低心肌耗氧量;川芎明显降低冠状动脉阻力,解除血管平滑肌痉挛,增加冠脉血流量,增加心肌供氧量,减少心肌耗氧量;丹参具有增加冠状动脉血流量,改善心肌缺血,扩张外周血管,改善微循环,降低血液黏度,抑制血栓形成及血管内皮细胞增殖的作用,并能降低血脂,抑制大鼠实验性冠状动脉大分支粥样斑块的形成。
使药包括槲寄生、杜仲、钩藤;三药配合具有补肝肾、强筋骨、抑肝阳之效果。因高血压人群多为中老年人,其均有肝肾亏虚的病理基础。槲寄生短时降压成分为胆碱、乙酰胆碱、丙酰胆碱,持久性降压成分为槲寄生毒肽,具有中枢性作用,槲寄生能改变脑啡肽含量。钩藤具有扩张外周血管、降压负性肌力及负性频率的作用,其中降压扩张外周血管的主要成分是钩藤碱和异钩藤碱。杜仲降血压的有效成分主要是松脂醇二葡萄糖甙,作用机制是其直接作用于血管平滑肌,使血管扩张。据研究槲寄生钩藤杜仲混合水提液均能降低高血压大鼠的血压。
诸药相合,具有益气活血,补肾利水的作用。其中13味药物均具有降压效果,其协同使用,增加其降压及防治高血压并发症的作用。
参芪降压丸对中低危高血压、早期高血压有着明显的降压效果,因其剂型易于携带及服用,患者依从性较高,且因其为天然药材,无任何毒副作用,降压效果缓和持久。对于早期并发症,均有逆转作用。
参芪降压丸的作用机制:
第一,多靶点降压;本发明的参芪降压丸为多靶点温和改善血压,从发病机制来解决高血压的根本问题。其主要通过干预肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮、血管内皮功能、胰岛素抵抗等环节来降低血压。
(1)改善血管内皮功能。川芎嗪和黄芪多糖配伍亦能增强细胞的活性,维持细胞的形态结构,调节细胞的分泌功能,使一氧化氮(NO)分泌增加,内皮素-1(ET-1)分泌减少,对高血压病患者血清导致的血管内皮细胞损伤有保护作用。血管内皮细胞不仅能合成一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)等血管活性物质,还能分泌炎症相关物质,如细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)、P选择素(P-S)等。比如钩藤总生物碱配伍莱菔子水溶性生物碱便是通过降低高血压大鼠血浆的血管性血友病因子(vWF)、ET-1、ICAM-1、VCAM-1和P-S水平来改善内皮细胞功能,且实验证明配伍后应用的效果优于各单一组分,说明两组分之间产生了协同效应。
(2)调节肾素-血管紧张素系统;益母草、夏枯草、豨签草形成的三草降压汤能够明显降低RHR大鼠血浆肾素和Ang II含量,也即三草降压汤对大鼠的降压作用可能是通过对肾素-血管紧张素系统的抑制,从而达到降血压的目的。
(3)调节免疫。配方中的黄芪、杜仲、川芎、丹参能明显改善老年高血压患者的临床症状,研究表明其能升高血清Th水平,说明其可能通过调整老年高血压患者T淋巴细胞亚群的免疫平衡状态来改善临床症状。
(4)降低血管炎性反应;川芎是中医药治疗高血压类疾病的常用药物,实验表明川芎可降低血浆中C-反应蛋白的水平。同时,川芎还可降低心肌及主动脉中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1βmRNA的表达,因此川芎对高血压的治疗与其降低血浆及靶器官的炎症因子水平,进而抑制高血压的发生、发展有关。
(5)利尿作用;高血压的一个重要因素就是各种原因造成的钠水潴留,配方中黄芪、车前子、益母草均有利尿作用,可促进机体排钠,减少水钠潴留。
第二,改善并发症;
(1)逆转高血压肾脏早期病变。与其他药物不同的是,本配方不仅不损伤肾功能,还可以改善肾脏病变。其中含有大量黄芪,黄芪作为一味具有广泛药理作用的中药,在肾脏疾病的治疗中有积极作用。黄芪有直接扩张外周血管、降低血管张力的作用,可改善早期肾脏高灌注状态。黄芪对肾脏的免疫性损伤有防护作用,使肾组织损伤减轻。
(2)改善心肌重构。本配方中的丹参、葛根等配伍,可通过降低SHR血清中IL-6、TNF-α水平来逆转左室重构,降低心肌组织内细胞间黏附分子-1的mRNA水平和蛋白表达,减轻心肌细胞肥大和心肌间质炎性细胞浸润,从而改善靶器官的功能状况。
一种参芪降压丸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取配方量的黄芪、益母草、夏枯草、豨签草、钩藤、槲寄生、葛根、莱菔子加水熬制,每次煎煮1.5小时,每次加水3倍,过滤制成浓缩药汁;
(2)将配方量的青箱子、车前子、川芎、丹参、杜仲粉碎成粉末;
(3)将步骤(1)中制得的浓缩药汁与步骤(2)中制得的粉末混合均匀、压制,制成浓缩水丸,也即参芪降压丸。
服用方法:每次服用20g,每日2次,连续服用1个月为1疗程。
一种参芪降压汤,配方组成:黄芪20份、莱菔子10份、炒青葙子10份、车前子10份、益母草10份、夏枯草10份、豨签草10份、川芎3份、葛根5份、丹参5份、钩藤5份、槲寄生5份、杜仲5份。
一种参芪降压汤的制备方法:将配方量的黄芪、莱菔子、炒青葙子、车前子、益母草、夏枯草、豨签草、川芎、葛根、丹参、钩藤、槲寄生、杜仲加水煎熬,每次煎煮2小时,每次加水5倍,制得参芪降压汤。
临床数据:
将70例原发性低中危高血压患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组给予低钠饮食、每周中低强度有氧运动3-5次、服用参芪补肾降压汤200ml,日2次,1月为1疗程。对照组给予低钠饮食、每周中低强度有氧运动3-5次。患者入组前后均需做24小时动态血压监测、肝肾功、血脂、血糖;治疗期间每日测量2次血压并记录。
两组高血压患者24小时动态血压比较(表1)
x±s
注:n为样本数量
F值用来检验样本的结果能够代表总体的真实程度;
P为样本统计值,当p值的结果为0.05≥p>0.01被认为是具有统计学意义,或结果为0.01≥p≥0.001被认为具有高度统计学意义。
两组高血压患者临床疗效比较(表2)
例(%)
注:治愈:治疗后24小时动态血压收缩压、舒张压负荷均<20%,或平均收缩血压<1/90;
有效:治疗后24小时动态血压收缩压、舒张压负荷较前降低10%,或随访1个月血压较前降低10%;
无效:血压无改善。
实验结果:与对照组比较,治疗后观察组24小时动态血压,收缩压负荷、舒张压负荷均有明显下降,具有统计学意义。肝肾功能无明显差别。
病例1
患者姬某某,男,53岁,间断头晕、头痛5年,自测血压130-162/80-105mmHg,于2020年7月20日就诊,查血压160/95mmHg,尿微量蛋白152mg/L。给予口服参芪降压汤,每日1剂。1月后复查血压128/80mmHg,尿微量蛋白18mg/L,未再出现头晕、头痛等症状。给予参芪降压浓缩丸治疗,服用3个月,血压波动于116-132/80-91mmHg。
病例2
患者袁某某,男,42岁,间断头晕半年,加重1周。半年前精神紧张,劳累后出现头晕,休息后缓解,自测血压150-160/80-100mmHg。1周前,再次出现头晕,测血压160/100mmHg,住院治疗。查24小时动态血压:24小时平均血压136/90mmHg,24小时收缩压血压负荷26.34%,24小时舒张压血压负荷36.04%。血尿酸497ummol/L,甘油三酯3.31mmmol/L。给予口服参芪降压汤,每日1剂。1月后复查24小时平均血压110/67mmHg,24小时收缩压血压负荷2.9%,24小时舒张压血压负荷0.00%。血尿酸407ummol/L,甘油三酯1.34mmmol/L。随访三个月,血压未见异常。
病例3
患者王某某,男,42岁,间断头昏沉1年,加重1周。半年无明显诱因出现头部昏沉,休息后不能完全缓解,自测血压130-150/80-106mmHg。1周前,自觉症状较前加重,测血压150/100mmHg,住院治疗。查24小时动态血压:24小时平均血压140/95mmHg,24小时收缩压血压负荷23.34%,24小时舒张压血压负荷31.20%。血脂、尿酸无异常。给予口服参芪降压汤,每日1剂。1月后复查24小时平均血压115/70mmHg,24小时收缩压血压负荷2.9%,24小时舒张压血压负荷0.00%。随访三个月,血压未见异常。
Claims (2)
1.一种参芪降压丸,其特征是,包括:
黄芪20份、莱菔子10份、炒青葙子10份、车前子10份、益母草10份、夏枯草10份、豨签草10份、川芎3份、葛根5份、丹参5份、钩藤5份、槲寄生5份、杜仲5份。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的参芪降压丸的制备方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
(1)取配方量的黄芪、益母草、夏枯草、豨签草、钩藤、槲寄生、葛根、莱菔子加水熬制,每次煎煮1.5小时,每次加水3倍,过滤制成浓缩药汁;
(2)将配方量的青箱子、车前子、川芎、丹参、杜仲粉碎成粉末;
(3)将步骤(1)中制得的浓缩药汁与步骤(2)中制得的粉末混合均匀、压制,制成浓缩水丸,也即参芪降压丸。
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