CN113889645A - Anode humidification system of fuel cell system and humidification method thereof - Google Patents
Anode humidification system of fuel cell system and humidification method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113889645A CN113889645A CN202111151963.8A CN202111151963A CN113889645A CN 113889645 A CN113889645 A CN 113889645A CN 202111151963 A CN202111151963 A CN 202111151963A CN 113889645 A CN113889645 A CN 113889645A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/045—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an anode humidifying system of a fuel cell system, which comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen gas path and a return path, wherein the hydrogen gas path and the return path are communicated with the anode of the fuel cell stack; the fuel cell stack comprises an anode gas inlet, a proton exchange membrane and an anode gas outlet; the hydrogen path is communicated with the anode gas inlet, and an anode gas supply source in the hydrogen path supplies anode gas to the fuel cell stack; the return circuit is communicated with the anode gas outlet, a water-vapor separator and a hydrogen circulating pump are sequentially arranged on a main path of the return circuit, and the input end and the output end of the water-vapor separator are connected in parallel with a humidification adjusting valve; the water-vapor separator filters the water in the return gas to form dry gas, and the opening of the humidifying adjusting valve determines the water content in the return gas. The return flow path is matched with a water-vapor separator and a humidification adjusting valve, and the method of mixing and humidity control of dry and wet gases is combined, so that accurate humidity control of anode gases in the hydrogen gas path is realized, and the humidity of the proton exchange membrane is adjusted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to fuel cell control, in particular to an anode humidification system of a fuel cell system and a humidification method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell system is a complex and multi-coupling system, and factors such as the working temperature and humidity of the system can affect the efficiency and the service life of the fuel cell system, wherein the influence of the humidity in the stack on the efficiency of the system is the largest.
The water in the fuel cell system has both a gaseous state and a liquid state, and the sources thereof include water produced by the electrochemical reaction and water entrained by the humidified reaction gas; in terms of humidity, the proton exchange membrane of a fuel cell needs to be maintained at a suitable operating humidity to maintain the fuel cell at a high performance. Too much or too little water in the proton exchange membrane can bring negative effects on the operation of a fuel cell system, and too much water loss in the proton exchange membrane can cause the conductivity of the membrane to be reduced, so that the ohmic polarization internal resistance of the galvanic pile is increased.
Therefore, real-time humidity control of the anode in a fuel cell system is required to optimize the performance of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides an anode humidifying system of a fuel cell system and a humidifying method thereof.
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell system for controlling the humidity of a hydrogen path by using water in an anode, which enables water generated by electrochemical reaction in the anode and water brought by humidified reaction gas to flow back to the hydrogen path through unreacted anode gas; and adjusting the inlet air humidity of the anode gas in the hydrogen path according to the required power of the fuel cell system, thereby adjusting the humidity of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell stack.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system with unreacted anode gas treatment, which can recycle the unreacted anode gas in the anode through the return pipe, instead of the prior art that needs to additionally treat the unreacted anode gas in the anode through the catalytic converter, thereby not only reducing the cost of the fuel system for treating the unreacted anode gas, but also increasing the flow rate of the inlet gas and improving the performance of the fuel cell system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a fuel cell system anode humidification system, comprising: the fuel cell stack comprises a hydrogen gas path and a return path which are communicated with the anode of the fuel cell stack;
the fuel cell stack includes: an anode gas inlet, a proton exchange membrane and an anode gas outlet;
the hydrogen path is communicated with the anode gas inlet, an anode gas supply source is arranged in the hydrogen path, and the anode gas supply source supplies anode gas to the anode of the fuel cell stack;
the return circuit is communicated with the anode gas outlet, a water-vapor separator and a hydrogen circulating pump are sequentially arranged on a main path of the return circuit, and the input end and the output end of the water-vapor separator are connected in parallel with a humidification adjusting valve; the water-vapor separator filters moisture in the anode return gas of the fuel cell stack and forms dry gas; the opening degree of the humidification regulating valve determines the content of water in the anode return gas of the fuel cell stack; one end of the water-vapor separator is provided with a water drainage channel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the backflow gas in the backflow path is: unreacted anode gas in the fuel cell and water entrained in the gas.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water in the return gas is derived from: and water generated by the anode reaction of the fuel cell stack and water brought by the anode gas humidified by the hydrogen gas path and the return path.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the start-up condition of the recirculation path is set based on a power demand of the fuel cell stack.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anode gas supply source includes a plurality of hydrogen injectors connected in parallel.
The invention also provides a humidifying method of the anode humidifying system of the fuel cell system, which is characterized in that:
s1, starting the fuel cell system, and waiting for the fuel cell system to enter a stable state;
s2, detecting the required power of the fuel cell system, closing the humidification function of the return flow path when the required power of the fuel cell system is less than P1, inputting the anode gas into the hydrogen path through the anode gas supply source, and continuously detecting the required power; when the power required by the fuel cell system is greater than P1, starting the humidifying function of the return flow path, and jumping to S3;
s3, when detecting that the anode gas in the hydrogen path needs to be humidified, starting to adjust the opening of the humidification adjusting valve in the return path, and simultaneously starting the water-vapor separator; after being mixed, the gases output by the water-vapor separator and the humidification regulating valve are connected into a hydrogen gas path through a hydrogen circulating pump and are converged with anode gas in the hydrogen gas path to increase the inlet humidity of the anode gas and further regulate the humidity of a proton exchange membrane in a fuel cell stack;
and S4, recording the opening degree of the humidification adjusting valve at the current working point.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the adjustment opening degree of the humidification adjustment valve is based on the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell system being the highest.
The invention solves the defects in the background technology, and has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides an anode humidifying system of a fuel cell system, which can enable water in the fuel system to flow back, and has the function of mixing backflow gas with anode gas in a hydrogen gas path to increase the inlet humidity of the anode gas, so as to adjust the humidity of a proton exchange membrane in a fuel cell stack and improve the efficiency of the fuel cell.
(2) According to the invention, the return flow path is matched with the humidification regulating valve through the water-vapor separator, so that the dry gas and the wet gas are mixed, and the wet control method of the dry gas and the wet gas is combined, so that the accurate wet control of the anode gas in the hydrogen gas path is realized, and the entering anode gas is ensured to accord with the proper operation humidity required by the fuel cell for keeping higher efficiency.
(3) The invention can lead the unreacted anode gas to join with the anode gas in the hydrogen path again through the return path, thereby increasing the flow of the anode gas in the hydrogen path, realizing the reintroduction of the unreacted anode gas into the fuel cell for cyclic utilization, and further improving the performance of the fuel cell.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts;
fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an anode humidification system of a fuel cell system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a fuel cell stack; 11. an anode gas inlet; 12. an anode gas outlet; 2. a hydrogen gas path; 21. a hydrogen gas injector; 3. a return path; 31. a water-vapor separator; 32. a hydrogen circulation pump; 33. a humidifying adjusting valve; 4. a water drainage path.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of the present application. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of the structure of an anode humidification system of a fuel cell system of the present invention is shown. The object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system for controlling the humidity of a hydrogen gas passage by using water in an anode, which returns water generated by an electrochemical reaction in the anode and water taken in by humidified reaction gas to a hydrogen gas passage 2 through unreacted anode gas; and adjusting the inlet air humidity of the anode gas in the hydrogen path 2 according to the power required by the fuel cell system, thereby adjusting the humidity of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell stack. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system with unreacted anode gas treatment, which can recycle the unreacted anode gas in the anode through the return pipe, instead of the prior art that needs to additionally treat the unreacted anode gas in the anode through the catalytic converter, thereby not only reducing the cost of the fuel system for treating the unreacted anode gas, but also increasing the flow rate of the inlet gas and improving the performance of the fuel cell system.
The fuel cell system anode humidification system includes: the fuel cell stack 1 includes a hydrogen line 2 and a return line 3 that communicate with an anode of the fuel cell stack 1.
The fuel cell stack 1 includes: an anode gas inlet 11, a proton exchange membrane, and an anode gas outlet 12.
The hydrogen path 2 is communicated with an anode gas inlet 11, and an anode gas supply source is arranged in the hydrogen path 2 and supplies anode gas for the anode of the fuel cell stack 1. The anode gas supply source in the present invention is not limited to the hydrogen tank, hydrogen storage alloy, or hydrogen injector 21, and may be other known gas supply sources. It is preferable in the present invention that the anode gas supply source includes several hydrogen injectors 21 connected in parallel to increase the supply amount of the anode gas to meet the required power of the fuel cell system.
The return flow path 3 is communicated with the anode gas outlet 12, a water-vapor separator 31 and a hydrogen circulating pump 32 are sequentially arranged on a main path of the return flow path 3, and a humidification adjusting valve 33 is connected in parallel at the input end and the output end of the water-vapor separator 31. The humidification regulating valve 33 of the present invention is used for controlling the discharge of the return gas, so that the humidification regulating valve 33 can be a throttle valve or an electromagnetic valve, or any other known type of control valve for equivalent purpose and function.
The water-vapor separator 31 filters water in the anode return gas of the fuel cell stack 1 and forms dry gas. Wherein, the return gas of the return passage 3 is: unreacted anode gas in the fuel cell and water entrained in the gas. The water in the reflux gas originates from: the water produced by the anode reaction of the fuel cell stack 1 and the water brought by the anode gas humidified by the hydrogen path 2 and the return path 3.
The opening degree of the humidification regulating valve 33 determines the water content in the anode return gas of the fuel cell stack 1. Setting the starting condition of the return flow path 3 with the required power of the fuel cell stack 1 as a limiting condition; that is, when the required power of the fuel cell system is less than P1, the humidification function of the return flow path 3 is closed, the hydrogen path 2 inputs the anode gas through the anode gas supply source, and the required power is continuously detected; when the power demand of the fuel cell system is larger than P1, the humidification function of the return flow path 3 is turned on.
In the invention, the return flow path 3 realizes the mixing of dry gas and wet gas by the cooperation of the water-vapor separator 31 and the humidification regulating valve 33, and further realizes the accurate humidity control of the anode gas in the hydrogen path 2 by combining the method of the dry-wet gas mixing humidity control, thereby ensuring that the entering anode gas conforms to the proper operation humidity required by the fuel cell to keep higher efficiency.
The fuel cell system provided by the invention also has the function of processing the unreacted anode gas, can recycle the unreacted anode gas in the anode through the return pipe, replaces the situation that the unreacted anode gas in the anode needs to be processed through a catalyst converter additionally in the prior art, reduces the cost of processing the unreacted anode gas by the fuel system, increases the flow of the inlet gas of the hydrogen gas path 2, and improves the performance of the fuel cell system.
One end of the water-vapor separator 31 of the present invention is provided with a drain passage 4 to drain the water filtered by the water-vapor separator 31.
The invention also provides a humidifying method of the anode humidifying system of the fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, starting the fuel cell system, and waiting for the fuel cell system to enter a stable state;
s2, detecting the required power of the fuel cell system, closing the humidification function of the return flow path 3 when the required power of the fuel cell system is less than P1, inputting the anode gas into the hydrogen gas path 2 through the anode gas supply source, and continuously detecting the required power; when the power required by the fuel cell system is greater than P1, starting the humidifying function of the return flow path 3, and jumping to S3;
s3, when detecting that the anode gas in the hydrogen path 2 needs to be humidified, starting to adjust the opening of the humidifying adjusting valve 33 in the return path 3 and simultaneously starting the water-vapor separator 31; after being mixed, the gases output by the water-vapor separator 31 and the humidification regulating valve 33 are connected into the hydrogen path 2 through the hydrogen circulating pump 32 and are converged with the anode gas in the hydrogen path 2 to increase the inlet humidity of the anode gas, so as to regulate the humidity of a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell stack 1;
and S4, recording the opening degree of the humidification adjusting valve 33 at the current working point.
The adjustment opening of the humidification adjusting valve 33 is based on the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell system being the highest, so as to ensure the performance of the fuel cell system to be maximized.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A fuel cell system anode humidification system, comprising: the fuel cell stack comprises a hydrogen gas path and a return path which are communicated with the anode of the fuel cell stack;
the fuel cell stack includes: an anode gas inlet, a proton exchange membrane and an anode gas outlet;
the hydrogen path is communicated with the anode gas inlet, an anode gas supply source is arranged in the hydrogen path, and the anode gas supply source supplies anode gas to the anode of the fuel cell stack;
the return circuit is communicated with the anode gas outlet, a water-vapor separator and a hydrogen circulating pump are sequentially arranged on a main path of the return circuit, and the input end and the output end of the water-vapor separator are connected in parallel with a humidification adjusting valve; the water-vapor separator filters moisture in the anode return gas of the fuel cell stack and forms dry gas; the opening degree of the humidification regulating valve determines the content of water in the anode return gas of the fuel cell stack; one end of the water-vapor separator is provided with a water drainage channel.
2. The fuel cell system anode humidification system of claim 1, wherein: the return gas of the return path is: unreacted anode gas in the fuel cell and water entrained in the gas.
3. The fuel cell system anode humidification system of claim 1, wherein: the water in the return gas originates from: and water generated by the anode reaction of the fuel cell stack and water brought by the anode gas humidified by the hydrogen gas path and the return path.
4. The fuel cell system anode humidification system of claim 1, wherein: the start-up condition of the return flow path is set with the required power of the fuel cell stack as a limiting condition.
5. The fuel cell system anode humidification system of claim 1, wherein: the anode gas supply source includes several hydrogen injectors connected in parallel.
6. A humidification method of a fuel cell system anode humidification system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
s1, starting the fuel cell system, and waiting for the fuel cell system to enter a stable state;
s2, detecting the required power of the fuel cell system, closing the humidification function of the return flow path when the required power of the fuel cell system is less than P1, inputting the anode gas into the hydrogen path through the anode gas supply source, and continuously detecting the required power; when the power required by the fuel cell system is greater than P1, starting the humidifying function of the return flow path, and jumping to S3;
s3, when detecting that the anode gas in the hydrogen path needs to be humidified, starting to adjust the opening of the humidification adjusting valve in the return path, and simultaneously starting the water-vapor separator; after the dry gas and the wet gas output by the water-vapor separator and the humidification regulating valve are mixed, the mixture is connected into a hydrogen path through a hydrogen circulating pump and is converged with the anode gas in the hydrogen path to increase the inlet humidity of the anode gas and further regulate the humidity of a proton exchange membrane in a fuel cell stack;
and S4, recording the opening degree of the humidification adjusting valve at the current working point.
7. The humidification method of a fuel cell system anode humidification system of claim 6, wherein: in S3, the adjustment opening degree of the humidification adjustment valve is based on the fuel cell system average cell voltage being the highest.
8. The fuel cell system anode humidification system of claim 1, wherein: in S3, mixing of the dry gas and the wet gas is realized by cooperation of the water-vapor separator and the humidification regulating valve, and the humidity is controlled after mixing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111151963.8A CN113889645A (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2021-09-29 | Anode humidification system of fuel cell system and humidification method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111151963.8A CN113889645A (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2021-09-29 | Anode humidification system of fuel cell system and humidification method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115318046A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-11-11 | 江苏源氢新能源科技股份有限公司 | Anode steam-water separation device of fuel cell system |
| CN115498212A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-20 | 东方电气(成都)氢燃料电池科技有限公司 | A method and system for controlling water content in a fuel cell system |
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| CN1447993A (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2003-10-08 | 洁能氏公司 | Water recovery in anode side of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN109411784A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-01 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | A kind of commercial vehicle fuel battery engines air supply system |
| CN112820912A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-05-18 | 中山大洋电机股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
| CN113299954A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-24 | 北京氢澜科技有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for controlling water content in fuel cell stack |
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2021
- 2021-09-29 CN CN202111151963.8A patent/CN113889645A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1447993A (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2003-10-08 | 洁能氏公司 | Water recovery in anode side of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN109411784A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-01 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | A kind of commercial vehicle fuel battery engines air supply system |
| CN112820912A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-05-18 | 中山大洋电机股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
| CN113299954A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-24 | 北京氢澜科技有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for controlling water content in fuel cell stack |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115318046A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-11-11 | 江苏源氢新能源科技股份有限公司 | Anode steam-water separation device of fuel cell system |
| CN115318046B (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-23 | 江苏源氢新能源科技股份有限公司 | Anode steam-water separation device of fuel cell system |
| CN115498212A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-20 | 东方电气(成都)氢燃料电池科技有限公司 | A method and system for controlling water content in a fuel cell system |
| CN115498212B (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-10-29 | 东方电气(成都)氢燃料电池科技有限公司 | Method and system for controlling water content of fuel cell system |
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