CN113885588A - Photovoltaic photothermal integrated device and control method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic photothermal integrated device and a control method thereof, wherein the device comprises: a double-sided photovoltaic module, an elevation angle rotation shaft, a support column, an elevation angle stroke control motor, an azimuth angle reduction gear, and an azimuth angle control motor , support base, controller, scattered radiometer, direct radiation meter and photovoltaic support bracket, double-sided photovoltaic modules are installed on the photovoltaic support bracket, the photovoltaic support bracket is connected with the support column through the height angle rotation axis, and the bottom of the support column is installed on the support base After the azimuth reduction gear is connected and fixed with the azimuth control motor, it is fixedly installed on the support base, wherein the rotation shaft of the azimuth reduction gear is rigidly connected with the support column, and the support column rotates together with the rotation shaft of the azimuth reduction gear. Thereby, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy can be greatly improved.

Description

Photovoltaic photothermal integrated device and control method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic photothermal integration, in particular to a photovoltaic photothermal integration device and a control method of the photovoltaic photothermal integration device.

Background technique

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for electric energy is getting higher and higher. my country's current main source of electricity is thermal power, accounting for more than 70%. Coal, the main raw material for thermal power generation, produces a large amount of harmful gases during the combustion process, which seriously pollutes the environment. Since 2017, the country's latest policy has gradually stopped the construction of traditional thermal power units, gradually eliminated small thermal power units, and vigorously developed new energy power generation technology. Among them, solar photovoltaic power generation is the most mature new energy power generation technology, and has entered a commercialized power generation method. Current research shows that crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon photovoltaic cells are widely used in the market. However, its efficiency has been low, and improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation modules has become a hot spot in recent years.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic photothermal integrated device. The double-sided photovoltaic components can not only efficiently convert the direct radiation of solar energy, but also convert the scattered radiation of solar energy efficiently, thereby greatly improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

A photovoltaic photothermal integrated device, comprising: double-sided photovoltaic components, an altitude angle rotation shaft, a support column, an altitude angle stroke control motor, an azimuth angle reduction gear, an azimuth angle control motor, a support base, a controller, a scattering radiometer, a direct beam A radiometer and a photovoltaic support bracket, wherein the double-sided photovoltaic module is installed on the photovoltaic support bracket, the photovoltaic support bracket is connected with the support column through the height angle rotation axis, and the bottom of the support column is installed on the support column. On the support base, after the azimuth angle reduction gear is connected and fixed with the azimuth angle control motor, it is fixedly installed on the support base, wherein the rotation shaft of the azimuth angle reduction gear is rigidly connected with the support column , the support column rotates together with the rotating shaft of the azimuth reduction gear; the direct radiation meter is installed in parallel on one side of the double-sided photovoltaic module, and the scattered radiation meter is installed on the other side of the double-sided photovoltaic module One end of the height angular stroke control motor is set on the support column, and the other end of the height angular stroke control motor is set on the double-sided photovoltaic module; the input ports of the controller are respectively connected with the The direct radiation meter and the scattered radiation meter are connected to the signal output ports of the double-sided photovoltaic assembly, and the output ports of the controller are respectively connected to the control ports of the azimuth angle control motor and the altitude angle stroke control motor.

The double-sided photovoltaic assembly includes: front photovoltaics, back photovoltaics, cooling water channels and connectors, wherein the front photovoltaics and the back photovoltaics are connected through the connector, and the cooling water channels are used for circulating cooling The water cools the photovoltaic modules.

The front photovoltaic is composed of monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, and the back photovoltaic is composed of thin film photovoltaic cells.

The photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device further includes: a power supply module, wherein the power supply module is used for supplying power to the controller, the azimuth angle control motor and the altitude angle stroke control motor.

A control method for a photovoltaic photothermal integrated device, comprising the following steps: collecting the direct solar radiation at the front photovoltaic by the direct radiation meter, and collecting the solar scattered radiation at the back photovoltaic through the back photovoltaic value; output solar altitude angle and solar energy azimuth according to the direct solar radiation and the solar scattered radiation value through the controller; take the direct solar radiation and the solar scattered radiation value as input variables, and use the The solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle are used as output variables, and the BP neural network learning algorithm is used to obtain the nonlinear relationship between the input variable and the output variable, and the photovoltaic photothermal integration is obtained according to the nonlinear relationship. The control strategy of the photovoltaic device, and the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device is controlled according to the control strategy.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The invention adopts the double-sided photovoltaic module, which can not only efficiently convert the direct radiation of solar energy, but also convert the scattered radiation of solar energy efficiently, thereby greatly improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-sided photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a control method of a photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device according to the embodiment of the present invention may include: a double-sided photovoltaic module 100 , an elevation angle rotation shaft 200 , a support column 300 , an elevation angle stroke control motor 400 , an azimuth angle reduction gear 500 , and an azimuth angle reduction gear 500 . Control the motor 600 , the support base 700 , the controller 800 , the scattered radiometer 900 , the direct radiometer 1000 and the photovoltaic support bracket 1100 .

The double-sided photovoltaic module 100 is installed on the photovoltaic support bracket 1100, the photovoltaic support bracket 1100 is connected to the support column 300 through the height angle rotation shaft 200, and the bottom of the support column 300 is installed on the support base 700 (the support column 300 can be connected to the base by rolling bearings connected to the support base 700), the azimuth reduction gear 500 is fixedly connected to the azimuth control motor 600, and then fixedly installed on the support base 700, wherein the rotation axis of the azimuth reduction gear 500 is rigidly connected to the support column 300 , the support column 300 rotates together with the rotation axis of the azimuth reduction gear 500; the direct radiation meter 1100 is installed in parallel on one side of the double-sided photovoltaic module 100, and the scattered radiation meter 900 is installed on the other side of the double-sided photovoltaic module 100; One end of the motor 400 is set on the support column 300, and the other end of the height angular stroke control motor 400 is set on the double-sided photovoltaic module 100; the input port of the controller 800 is connected to the direct radiation meter 1100, the scattered radiation meter 900 and the double-sided photovoltaic respectively. The signal output ports of the component 100 are connected to each other, and the output ports of the controller 800 are respectively connected to the control ports of the azimuth angle control motor 600 and the altitude angle stroke control motor 400 .

Among them, the height angle shaft 200 and the support column 300 are used for the support system, which is composed of a steel frame, and the bottom is connected with the support base support base 700 by rolling bearings to form a rolling connection, that is, the support column 300 can rotate on the support base 700, and the center of the rotation It is the central axis of the azimuth reduction gear 500, and the central axis of the azimuth reduction gear 500 is engaged with the central axis of the support column 300 to form a rigid connection, that is, the azimuth reduction gear 500 can drive the rotation of the support column 300, which can complete the solar azimuth control. The height angle stroke control motor 400 is used to control the height angle of the double-sided photovoltaic module 100 and play a supporting role. The azimuth angle reduction gear 500 is connected with the azimuth angle control motor 600 for controlling the azimuth angle. The support base 700 is composed of a steel frame for supporting the entire system. The photovoltaic support bracket 1100 is made of a steel frame and is used to support the double-sided photovoltaic module 100 .

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2 , the double-sided photovoltaic module 100 includes: front photovoltaics 110 , back photovoltaics 120 , cooling water channels 130 and connecting bodies 140 , wherein the front photovoltaics 110 and the back photovoltaics 120 pass through the connecting bodies 140 is connected, and the cooling water flow channel 130 is used for passing circulating cooling water to cool the photovoltaic modules. The front photovoltaic 110 is composed of monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, and the back photovoltaic 120 is composed of thin film photovoltaic cells.

Specifically, the direct radiation meter 1100 is installed in parallel on the front photovoltaic 110 to collect the direct solar radiation at the front photovoltaic 110 , and the scattered radiation meter 900 is installed in parallel on the rear photovoltaic 120 to collect the solar radiation at the rear photovoltaic 120 . Scattered radiation value.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device further includes: a power module 1200, wherein the power module 1200 is used for the controller 800, the azimuth angle control motor 600 and the altitude angle stroke control motor 400 power supply.

Therefore, the present invention adopts monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells on the front side and thin film cells on the back side, so the cost is low, and the front monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells can efficiently convert the direct radiation of solar energy, and the thin film photovoltaic cells on the back side can efficiently convert solar energy scattered radiation, and can Significantly improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy.

To sum up, the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a double-sided photovoltaic module, an altitude angle rotation shaft, a support column, an altitude angle stroke control motor, an azimuth angle reduction gear, an azimuth angle control motor, and a support base , controller, scattered radiometer, direct radiation meter and photovoltaic support bracket, wherein, the double-sided photovoltaic modules are installed on the photovoltaic support bracket, the photovoltaic support bracket is connected with the support column through the height angle rotation axis, and the bottom of the support column is installed on the support base , After the azimuth reduction gear is connected and fixed with the azimuth control motor, it is fixedly installed on the support base, wherein the rotation shaft of the azimuth reduction gear is rigidly connected with the support column, and the support column rotates together with the rotation shaft of the azimuth reduction gear; The radiometer is installed in parallel on one side of the double-sided photovoltaic module, and the scattering radiometer is installed on the other side of the double-sided photovoltaic module; one end of the height angle stroke control motor is set on the support column, and the other end of the height angle stroke control motor is set on the double side. On the photovoltaic module; the input ports of the controller are respectively connected with the signal output ports of the direct radiation meter, the scattered radiation meter and the double-sided photovoltaic modules, and the output ports of the controller are respectively connected with the control ports of the azimuth angle control motor and the altitude angle stroke control motor. . Therefore, the use of double-sided photovoltaic modules can not only efficiently convert the direct radiation of solar energy, but also convert the scattered radiation of solar energy efficiently, thereby greatly improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy.

Based on the structure of the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device of the above-mentioned embodiment, the present invention also provides a control method of the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the control method of the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device according to the embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps:

S1 , the direct solar radiation at the front photovoltaic is collected by a direct radiation meter, and the solar scattered radiation value at the back photovoltaic is collected through the back photovoltaic.

S2, the solar energy altitude angle and the solar energy azimuth angle are output by the controller according to the direct solar radiation amount and the solar scattered radiation value.

S3, take the direct solar radiation and the solar scattered radiation as input variables, and take the solar altitude and solar azimuth as output variables, and use the BP neural network learning algorithm to obtain the nonlinear relationship between the input variables and the output variables, and according to The nonlinear relationship is used to obtain the control strategy of the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device, and the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device is controlled according to the control strategy.

Specifically, the input variables consist of two variables: the direct solar radiation amount x1 and the solar scattered radiation value x2, and the output variables are two: solar altitude angle θ and solar azimuth angle φ. Using the BP neural network learning algorithm to find the nonlinear relationship between the input variable and the output variable, obtain the optimal control angle of the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated system, and realize the optimal control.

Among them, the neural network structure is a 2-5-2 structure. The network structure is simple, but it needs to provide reliable learning samples. When collecting learning samples, the goal is to always maximize the output, that is, U=max{u1+u2+αu3}, Among them, u1 is the power generated by the front photovoltaic, u2 is the power generated by the back photovoltaic, u3 is the thermal energy of the cooling water, and α is the conversion coefficient of thermal energy into electrical energy, where α=0.39.

Specifically, the BP neural network control algorithm, the specific control algorithm is: the number of nodes in the input layer is 2, the number of nodes in the hidden layer is 5, and the number of output nodes is 2; the network learning algorithm includes forward propagation and back propagation.

Among them, forward propagation includes:

The input of the hidden layer neuron is the weighted sum of all inputs, that is

The output x _j ′ of the neurons in the hidden layer uses the S-function to excite x _j , that is,

but

The output of the output layer neuron is:

The error between the network output and the ideal output is:

e(k)=y(k)=y _n (k)

The error performance indicator function is

Backpropagation includes: using the delta learning algorithm to adjust the weights between layers. According to the gradient descent method, the learning algorithm of the weights is as follows:

The learning algorithm of the connection weight ω _p between the output layer and the hidden layer is:

The learning rate η=0.8 in the formula;

The weight of the network at time k+1 is:

ω _p (k+1)=ω _p (k)+Δω _p

The learning algorithm for the connection weight ω _ij between the hidden layer and the input layer is:

in,

The weight of the network at time k+1 is:

ω _ij (k+1)=ω _ij (k)+Δω _ij .

Therefore, the present invention collects the direct radiation intensity of solar energy and the direct scattering intensity of solar energy, designs a BP neural network control algorithm, performs non-linear control on the dual-axis tracking double-sided photovoltaic, takes the comprehensive output capability of the system as the control target, and obtains the most optimal tracking device. The optimal control angle is obtained, so that the new photovoltaic-photothermal integrated system can output the maximum power, that is, to obtain the output variable solar altitude angular displacement control amount and solar energy azimuth displacement control amount, so as to obtain the maximum output of the photovoltaic solar-thermal integrated system.

To sum up, according to the control method of the photovoltaic photothermal integrated device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the direct solar radiation at the front photovoltaic is collected by the direct radiation meter, and the solar scattered radiation value at the back photovoltaic is collected by the back photovoltaic, and Through the controller, the solar altitude and solar azimuth are output according to the solar direct radiation and solar scattered radiation, and the solar direct radiation and solar scattered radiation are used as input variables, and the solar altitude and solar azimuth are used as output variables, The BP neural network learning algorithm is used to obtain the nonlinear relationship between the input variable and the output variable, and the control strategy of the photovoltaic photovoltaic integrated device is obtained according to the nonlinear relationship, and the photovoltaic photovoltaic integrated device is controlled according to the control strategy. Therefore, based on the BP neural network control algorithm, the photovoltaic power generation control device of the bifacial module is controlled, and the direct solar radiation intensity and the sun scattered radiation intensity are used as input signals. The optimal azimuth and elevation angles greatly improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for description purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second" may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. "Plurality" means two or more, unless expressly specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may be in direct contact between the first and second features, or the first and second features indirectly through an intermediary touch. Also, the first feature being "above", "over" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.

In the description of this specification, description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., mean specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples, without conflicting each other.

Any description of a process or method in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function or step of the process , and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the invention includes alternative implementations in which the functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including performing the functions substantially concurrently or in the reverse order depending upon the functions involved, which should It is understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention belong.

The logic and/or steps represented in flowcharts or otherwise described herein, for example, may be considered an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing the logical functions, may be embodied in any computer-readable medium, For use with, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from and execute instructions from an instruction execution system, apparatus, or apparatus) or equipment. For the purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or apparatus. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer readable media include the following: electrical connections with one or more wiring (electronic devices), portable computer disk cartridges (magnetic devices), random access memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Editable Read Only Memory (EPROM or Flash Memory), Fiber Optic Devices, and Portable Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program may be printed, as the paper or other medium may be optically scanned, for example, followed by editing, interpretation, or other suitable medium as necessary process to obtain the program electronically and then store it in computer memory.

It should be understood that various parts of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: Discrete logic circuits, application specific integrated circuits with suitable combinational logic gates, Programmable Gate Arrays (PGA), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), etc.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps carried by the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the program is stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment is included.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware, and can also be implemented in the form of software function modules. If the integrated modules are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Embodiments are subject to variations, modifications, substitutions and variations.

Claims (5)

1. A photovoltaic photothermal integrated device, characterized in that it comprises: a double-sided photovoltaic module, an altitude angle rotation shaft, a support column, an altitude angle stroke control motor, an azimuth angle reduction gear, an azimuth angle control motor, a support base, a controller , scattered radiometers, direct radiation meters and photovoltaic support brackets, of which, The double-sided photovoltaic module is installed on the photovoltaic support bracket, the photovoltaic support bracket is connected with the support column through the height angle rotation axis, the bottom of the support column is installed on the support base, and the azimuth After the angle reduction gear is connected and fixed with the azimuth control motor, it is fixedly installed on the support base, wherein the rotating shaft of the azimuth reduction gear is rigidly connected with the support column, and the support column is connected with the azimuth angle. The rotating shaft of the angle reduction gear rotates together; The direct radiation meter is installed on one side of the double-sided photovoltaic module in parallel, and the scattered radiation meter is installed on the other side of the double-sided photovoltaic module; One end of the height angular stroke control motor is set on the support column, and the other end of the height angular stroke control motor is set on the double-sided photovoltaic assembly; The input ports of the controller are respectively connected with the signal output ports of the direct radiation meter, the scattered radiation meter and the double-sided photovoltaic module, and the output ports of the controller are respectively connected with the azimuth angle control motor and the signal output ports. Connected to the control port of the height angular stroke control motor. 2 . The photovoltaic photothermal integrated device according to claim 1 , wherein the double-sided photovoltaic module comprises: front photovoltaic, back photovoltaic, cooling water flow channel and connecting body, wherein the front photovoltaic and the The backside photovoltaics are connected through the connecting body, and the cooling water flow channel is used for passing circulating cooling water to cool the photovoltaic assembly. 3 . The photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device according to claim 2 , wherein the front photovoltaic is composed of monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, and the back photovoltaic is composed of thin-film photovoltaic cells. 4 . 4 . The photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device according to claim 3 , further comprising: a power module, wherein the power module is used to control the controller, the azimuth angle control motor and the height. 5 . Angular stroke control motor power supply. 5. A control method for a photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device based on claim 4, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: The direct solar radiation at the front photovoltaic is collected by the direct radiation meter, and the solar scattered radiation value at the back photovoltaic is collected through the back photovoltaic; Output solar energy altitude angle and solar energy azimuth angle according to the direct solar radiation amount and the solar scattered radiation value through the controller; The direct solar radiation and the sun scattered radiation value are used as input variables, and the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle are used as output variables, and the input variables and the output are obtained by using the BP neural network learning algorithm A nonlinear relationship between variables is obtained, and a control strategy of the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device is obtained according to the nonlinear relationship, and the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device is controlled according to the control strategy.

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