Geothermal energy and waste heat and photo-thermal coupling power generation system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geothermal and waste heat and photo-thermal coupling power generation.
Background
The organic Rankine cycle power generation device utilizes the low boiling point characteristics of organic working media (such as R134a, R245fa and the like), can obtain higher vapor pressure under the low temperature condition (80-300 ℃), pushes an expander to do work, and drives a generator to generate power, so that the conversion from low-grade heat energy to high-grade electric energy is realized; solar energy is greatly affected by weather and day and night, and power generation is extremely inconstant. It is therefore necessary to provide energy storage devices, which not only increase technical difficulties but also increase the cost. Although various battery energy storage systems are manufactured at present, the manufacturing cost is high, and the battery treatment brings about the problem of environmental pollution. The full sustainable utilization of medium and low temperature is achieved by means of the coupling mode of geothermal heat and waste heat in a photo-thermal fit mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a geothermal and waste heat and photo-thermal coupling power generation system which can effectively achieve the effect of fully and continuously utilizing medium and low temperature photo-thermal, geothermal and waste heat resources.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A geothermal and waste heat and photo-thermal coupling power generation system comprises a power generation heat source and an ORC power generation system; a circulating heat exchange loop is formed between the ORC power generation system and a power generation heat source; the heat exchange is carried out between the internal circulating working medium of the power generation heat source and the internal circulating working medium of the ORC power generation system through a circulating heat exchange loop; an ORC power generation device in the ORC power generation system generates power through the exchanged heat; the ORC power generation device comprises an evaporator and a preheater, and the evaporator and the preheater are arranged in series; the evaporator and the preheater are on a circulating heat exchange loop.
Further, the power generation heat source comprises a photo-thermal evaporation system and a geothermal system; the photo-thermal evaporation system and the geothermal system exchange heat through an evaporator and a preheater respectively; and a geothermal water outlet well of the geothermal system is communicated and circulated with a geothermal recharging well of the geothermal system through a preheater.
Further, the power generation heat source comprises a photo-thermal evaporation system and a waste heat system; the photo-thermal evaporation system and the waste heat system exchange heat through the evaporator and the preheater respectively or exchange heat through the preheater and the evaporator respectively, and waste heat source input of the waste heat system is correspondingly returned to the communication circulation through the preheater or the evaporator and the waste heat source of the waste heat system.
Further, the heat source of the waste heat system may be hot water, steam, and process fluid medium.
Further, the photo-thermal evaporation system comprises a photo-thermal heat collector, a heat storage device and a pump; the outlet of the photo-thermal heat collector is respectively communicated with the heat storage device and the inlet of the evaporator, and is provided with a first regulating valve and a second regulating valve; the outlet of the heat storage device is communicated with the inlet of the evaporator and is provided with a third stop valve; the evaporator outlet is respectively communicated with the photo-thermal collector and the heat storage device inlet through a pump, and is correspondingly provided with a first stop valve and a second stop valve; an expansion tank is arranged between the evaporator and the pump; the heat storage medium in the heat storage device can be hot melt salt, solid rock/cement, heat conduction oil and water.
Further, the heat collection temperature of the photo-thermal heat collector is higher than n, and the distribution regulating valve at the outlet of the heat storage device regulates the distribution heat conduction oil to flow out of the heat storage device; the heat collection temperature of the photo-thermal heat collector is lower than n, and the distribution regulating valve at the outlet of the heat storage device regulates distribution water to flow out of the heat storage device.
Further, the ORC power generation device also comprises a turbine, a generator, a condenser and a working medium pump; the outlet of the evaporator is sequentially connected with a turbine, a condenser and a working medium pump in series to the inlet of the preheater for circulation; a turbine valve is arranged between the evaporator and the turbine; the turbine is driven by an electric generator.
Further, the evaporator outlet is communicated with the condenser through a turbine bypass valve, and the bypass valve is connected with the turbine valve in parallel.
Further, the condenser can adopt an air cooling, water cooling or evaporative cooling condensing heat exchanger.
Further, the device also comprises a regenerator; the heat regenerator is arranged between the turbine and the condenser in series, and the outlet of the working medium pump is communicated with the heat regenerator; and the circulating working medium flowing out of the working medium pump flows back through the heat regenerator and flows into the preheater.
The beneficial effects are that: the power generation heat source can improve the evaporation temperature and the evaporation pressure of the ORC power generation device, improve the coupling power generation efficiency of photo-thermal and geothermal (or waste heat), and has high economic benefit; the heat storage device of the photo-thermal evaporation system can enable the heat collected by the photo-thermal collector to continuously heat the evaporator, so that the system power generation is stable, and the intermittence of photo-thermal power generation is effectively avoided; the preheating system provides heat for the preheater of the ORC power generation device, so that the evaporation temperature of the ORC power generation device can be further increased, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is improved. The turbine bypass mode enables the organic Rankine cycle power generation device to keep running of the organic Rankine cycle under the condition of not outputting electric power, and continuously completes preheating and heat cooling of the evaporation system, so that the stability of the whole system is further ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a geothermal and photothermal coupled power generation system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a regenerator of a geothermal and photothermal coupled power generation system;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a structure of a waste heat and photo-thermal coupling photo-thermal evaporation system matched with an evaporator;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a regenerator structure of a waste heat and photo-thermal coupling photo-thermal evaporation system matched with an evaporator power generation system;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a waste heat and photo-thermal coupling photo-thermal evaporation system matched with a preheater;
fig. 6 is a structural diagram of a regenerator of a waste heat and photo-thermal coupling photo-thermal evaporation system matched with a preheater power generation system.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-6: a geothermal and waste heat and photo-thermal coupling power generation system comprises a power generation heat source and an ORC power generation system; a circulating heat exchange loop is formed between the ORC power generation system and a power generation heat source; the heat exchange is carried out between the internal circulating working medium of the power generation heat source and the internal circulating working medium of the ORC power generation system through a circulating heat exchange loop; an ORC power generation device in the ORC power generation system generates power through the exchanged heat; the ORC power generation device comprises an evaporator 2 and a preheater 1, and the evaporator 2 is arranged in series with the preheater 1; the evaporator 2 and the preheater 1 are in a circulating heat exchange circuit. The full sustainable utilization of the low-temperature heat source in the middle is achieved.
The power generation heat source comprises a photo-thermal evaporation system and a geothermal system; the photo-thermal evaporation system and the geothermal system exchange heat through the evaporator 2 and the preheater 1 respectively; the geothermal water outlet well 7 of the geothermal system is communicated with the geothermal recharging well 8 of the geothermal system through the preheater 1 for circulation.
The power generation heat source comprises a photo-thermal evaporation system and a waste heat system; the photo-thermal evaporation system and the waste heat system exchange heat through the evaporator 2 and the preheater 1 respectively or exchange heat through the preheater 1 and the evaporator respectively, and the waste heat source input 71 of the waste heat system is communicated with the waste heat source return 81 of the waste heat system through the preheater 1 or the evaporator 2 correspondingly.
The heat source of the waste heat system can be hot water, steam and a process fluid medium; and the waste heat source is well utilized.
First embodiment: when the photo-thermal and geothermal energy are coupled, the photo-thermal evaporation system is connected with the evaporator;
Second embodiment: when the photo-thermal and waste heat are coupled, the photo-thermal evaporation system is connected with the evaporator, and the same as the first embodiment is as follows:
The photo-thermal evaporation system comprises a photo-thermal heat collector 10, a heat storage device 11 and a pump 9; the outlet of the photo-thermal heat collector 10 is respectively communicated with the inlets of the heat storage device 11 and the evaporator 2, and is provided with a first regulating valve 16 and a second regulating valve 17; the outlet of the heat storage device 11 is communicated with the inlet of the evaporator 2, and a third stop valve 18 is arranged; the outlet of the evaporator 2 is respectively communicated with the inlets of the photo-thermal collector 10 and the heat storage device 11 through a pump 9, and a first stop valve 14 and a second stop valve 15 are correspondingly arranged; an expansion tank 19 is arranged between the evaporator 2 and the pump 9; the expansion tank is used for mainly maintaining the pressure stability of pipelines and equipment in the photo-thermal preheating system and preventing the pressure mutation in the system caused by temperature change and volume expansion; the heat storage medium in the heat storage device 11 may be hot melt salt, solid rock/cement, heat conducting oil and water.
Third embodiment: when the photo-thermal and waste heat are coupled, the photo-thermal evaporation system is connected with the preheater, and the outlet of the photo-thermal collector 10 is respectively communicated with the heat storage device 11 and the inlet of the preheater 1, and is provided with a first regulating valve 16 and a second regulating valve 17; the outlet of the heat storage device 11 is communicated with the inlet of the preheater 1, and a third stop valve 18 is arranged; the outlet of the preheater 1 is respectively communicated with inlets of the photo-thermal collector 10 and the heat storage device 11 through a pump 9, and is correspondingly provided with a first stop valve 14 and a second stop valve 15; an expansion tank 19 is arranged between the preheater 1 and the pump 9.
The heat collection temperature of the photo-thermal heat collector 10 is higher than n, and the distribution regulating valve at the outlet of the heat storage device 11 regulates the distribution heat conduction oil to flow out of the heat storage device 11; the heat collection temperature of the photo-thermal heat collector 10 is lower than n, and the distribution regulating valve at the outlet of the heat storage device 11 regulates the distribution water to flow out of the heat storage device 11. The distribution regulating valve is used for distributing the flow of the heat conducting oil (or water), so that the heat storage device stores enough heat to meet the condition of insufficient light and heat caused by night or climate; when the photo-thermal evaporation system and geothermal heat are coupled to generate electricity, heat conduction oil is adopted when the heat collection temperature is higher than 150 ℃, water is adopted when the heat collection temperature is lower than 150 ℃, and n is 150 degrees; when the photo-thermal evaporation system is coupled with the waste heat system, heat conduction oil is adopted when the heat collection temperature is higher than 100 ℃, and water medium circulation is adopted when the heat collection temperature is lower than 100 ℃, and n is 100 ℃.
The ORC power generation device also comprises a turbine 3, a generator 4, a condenser 5 and a working medium pump 6; the outlet of the evaporator 2 is sequentially connected with a turbine 3, a condenser 5 and a working medium pump 6 in series to the inlet of the preheater 1 for circulation; a turbine valve 12 is arranged between the evaporator 2 and the turbine 3; the turbine 3 is driven by an electric generator 4.
The evaporator 2 is connected to the condenser 5 via a turbine bypass valve 13, the bypass valve 13 being connected in parallel with the turbine valve 12. The turbine valve and the turbine bypass valve in the ORC power generation device can be opened and closed to realize the bypass/turbine power generation mode conversion of the ORC power generation device. When the turbine bypass valve is closed and the turbine valve is opened, the ORC power generation device enters a turbine power generation mode, and the turbine-generator starts to work and outputs power; when the turbine bypass valve is opened and the turbine valve is closed, the ORC power generation device enters a bypass mode, and the organic working medium passes through the turbine-generator and does not output power any more, but can continuously cool the heat of the photo-thermal evaporation system and the geothermal preheating system, so that the stable operation of the system is ensured. The condenser 5 may be an air-cooled, water-cooled or evaporative-cooled condensing heat exchanger.
Also included is regenerator 20; the heat regenerator 20 is arranged between the turbine 3 and the condenser 5 in series, and the outlet of the working medium pump 6 is communicated with the heat regenerator 20; the circulating working medium flowing out of the working medium pump 6 flows back through the heat regenerator 20 and then flows into the preheater 1. The heat regenerator further improves the power generation efficiency of the photo-thermal and geothermal coupling power generation system.
The power generation heat source can improve the evaporation temperature and the evaporation pressure of the ORC power generation device, and improve the coupling power generation efficiency of photo-thermal and geothermal or waste heat and photo-thermal, so that the economic benefit is high; the heat storage device of the photo-thermal evaporation system can enable the heat collected by the photo-thermal collector to continuously heat the evaporator or the preheater, so that the system power generation is stable, and the intermittence of photo-thermal power generation is effectively avoided; the preheating system provides heat for a preheater of the ORC power generation device, so that the evaporation temperature of the ORC power generation device can be further increased, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is improved; the turbine bypass mode enables the organic Rankine cycle power generation device to keep running of the organic Rankine cycle under the condition of not outputting electric power, and continuously completes preheating and heat cooling of the evaporation system, so that the stability of the whole system is further ensured.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and several improvements and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, which improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.