CN113864021A - Boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and excess pressure comprehensive utilization system and method - Google Patents
Boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and excess pressure comprehensive utilization system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113864021A CN113864021A CN202111462712.1A CN202111462712A CN113864021A CN 113864021 A CN113864021 A CN 113864021A CN 202111462712 A CN202111462712 A CN 202111462712A CN 113864021 A CN113864021 A CN 113864021A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/48—Devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals or sludge from boilers ; Arrangement of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
- F22B37/54—De-sludging or blow-down devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
- F28D21/0012—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste water or from condensates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system and a method, wherein the system comprises a sewage flash tank, a heat exchanger, an expander, a condenser, a working medium pump and a generator; an inlet of the sewage flash tank is connected with an outlet of the continuous discharge flash tank, the sewage flash tank is provided with two outlets, a first outlet of the sewage flash tank is connected with an inlet of a second expansion machine, and an outlet of the second expansion machine is connected to a condenser hot well of the coal-fired unit; a second outlet of the sewage flash tank is connected with a hot side inlet of the heat exchanger, and a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a periodic sewage system of the coal-fired unit; the outlet of the cold side of the heat exchanger is connected with a first expansion machine, the outlet of the first expansion machine is connected with the inlet of a condenser, and the outlet of the condenser is connected with the inlet of the cold side of the heat exchanger through a working medium pump; the output shaft of the first expander and the output shaft of the second expander are both connected with a generator. The system can comprehensively utilize the waste heat and the residual pressure of the continuous sewage of the boiler to generate electricity so as to improve the system performance of the subcritical coal-fired power station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of working medium waste heat utilization power generation, in particular to a boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and pressure comprehensive utilization system and method.
Background
In subcritical coal-fired power plants, the boiler feed water, although chemically treated, still contains some salt content. In the operation process of a power station, the salinity in the steam drum can be gradually increased, and in order to ensure the operation safety of the boiler and the steam turbine, part of high salinity water can be discharged from the steam drum to control the quality of the water in the steam drum, which is called as boiler pollution discharge. Boiler pollution discharge is generally divided into continuous pollution discharge and periodic pollution discharge. Continuous blowdown refers to the sewage that is discharged from the steam pocket continuously in the boiler operation process, and the power station generally adopts the continuous discharge flash tank to retrieve partial heat and water, and the hydrophobic temperature of flash tank generally is above 100 ℃, and this part is drained to the trench after the cooling through the blending cold water, has caused a large amount of energy losses and water resource waste.
How to utilize the low-temperature waste heat of a coal-fired power plant to generate electricity by a generator is a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system and a method, and the system can be used for the boiler continuous blowdown water waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system so as to improve the system performance of a subcritical coal-fired power station.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
A boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system comprises a sewage flash tank, a heat exchanger, an expander, a condenser, a working medium pump and a generator;
wherein the expander comprises a first expander and a second expander;
an inlet of the sewage flash tank is connected with an outlet of the continuous discharge flash tank, the sewage flash tank is provided with two outlets, a first outlet of the sewage flash tank is connected with an inlet of a second expansion machine, and an outlet of the second expansion machine is connected to a condenser hot well of the coal-fired unit; a second outlet of the sewage flash tank is connected with a hot side inlet of the heat exchanger, and a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a periodic sewage system of the coal-fired unit;
a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a first expansion machine, an outlet of the first expansion machine is connected with an inlet of a condenser, and an outlet of the condenser is connected with a cold side inlet of the heat exchanger through the working medium pump;
and the output shaft of the first expander and the output shaft of the second expander are both connected with a generator.
As a further improvement of the invention, a liquid level measuring instrument is arranged on the sewage flash tank, a first electric shutoff valve and a third electric shutoff valve are respectively arranged on an inlet and a second outlet of the sewage flash tank, a first bypass is arranged at two ends of the sewage flash tank, and a second electric shutoff valve is arranged on the first bypass;
and a first pressure measuring instrument and a fifth electric shutoff valve are arranged on a first outlet of the sewage flash tank.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, which are connected in series.
As a further improvement of the invention, a first pneumatic regulating valve is arranged at a second outlet of the sewage flash tank, second bypasses are further arranged at two ends of the first pneumatic regulating valve and connected to a periodic sewage system of the coal-fired unit, and a fourth electric shutoff valve is arranged on the second bypass.
As a further improvement of the invention, a temperature measuring instrument and a second pressure measuring instrument are arranged on the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger;
a sixth electric shutoff valve is arranged on a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger;
and a third bypass is further arranged at the inlet end of the sixth electric shutoff valve, a second pneumatic regulating valve is arranged on the third bypass, and the third bypass is connected with the condenser.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the first expander and the second expander are disposed coaxially or non-coaxially.
A control method of a boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system comprises the following steps:
the continuous boiler sewage of the continuous discharge flash tank is subjected to flash evaporation after passing through the sewage flash tank to form saturated steam and saturated water; one path of the saturated steam returns to a hot well of a condenser of the coal-fired unit after working by a second expansion machine, and water working media are recovered; one path of saturated water is subjected to heat exchange with an organic working medium through a heat exchanger and then discharged to a periodic sewage disposal system of a coal-fired unit; the organic working medium after heat exchange in the heat exchanger enters a first expansion machine to do work, and then is pumped into the heat exchanger by a working medium pump after being cooled in a condenser.
Preferably, the control method further comprises a control method of the first pneumatic regulating valve, which specifically comprises:
summing a liquid level set value of the sewage flash tank and a first input signal A in the control system to obtain an input value of a set value input end SP of the PID controller; the measured value of the liquid level measuring instrument is used as the input value of a process value input end PV of the PID controller after the operation processing of the filtering block; after the PID controller controls and operates the input value of the set value input end SP and the input value of the process value input end PV, the PID controller outputs a control instruction of the first pneumatic regulating valve actuating mechanism so as to maintain the liquid level in the sewage flash tank within a preset range.
Preferably, the control method of the working medium pump further comprises the following steps:
the temperature set value of the outlet of the first heat exchanger is summed with a second input signal B in the control system and then is used as an input value of a set value input end SP of the PID controller; the measured value of the temperature measuring instrument is used as the input value of a process value input end PV of the PID controller after the operation processing of the filtering block; and after the PID controller controls and operates the input value of the set value input end SP and the input value of the process value input end PV, the PID controller outputs a control instruction of the working medium pump frequency converter to maintain the temperature of the outlet of the first heat exchanger within a preset range so as to enable the first expansion machine to operate.
Preferably, the control method further comprises a control method of the second pneumatic regulating valve, which specifically comprises:
the pressure set value of the outlet of the first heat exchanger is summed with a third input signal C in the control system and then is used as an input value of a first input end N of the switching module; the pressure set value and the constant value parameter at the outlet of the first heat exchanger are subjected to summation operation and then serve as input values of a second input end Y of the switching module, and the input value of a first input end N and the input value of the second input end Y of the switching module are subjected to operation by the switching module and then serve as input values of a set value input end SP of the PID controller; the measured value of the second pressure measuring instrument is used as the input value of a process value input end PV of the PID controller after the operation processing of the filtering block; and after the PID controller controls and calculates the input value of the set value input end SP and the input value of the process value input end PV, the PID controller outputs a control instruction of the second pneumatic regulating valve actuating mechanism, so that the pressure regulation in the process of starting temperature rise and pressure rise of the first expansion machine is realized, and the working medium pressure overpressure is prevented after the first expansion machine is put into operation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the invention, the sewage flash tank, the heat exchanger, the expander, the condenser and the working medium pump form the boiler continuous sewage discharge waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system, the boiler continuous sewage discharge water is divided into saturated steam and saturated water after passing through the sewage flash tank, and the saturated steam and the saturated water are respectively and fully utilized, so that the waste heat and the residual pressure of the boiler continuous sewage discharge can be fully utilized, and the system efficiency of the coal burner set is improved; the invention fully recovers the waste heat and water working medium of the continuous sewage discharge of the boiler to generate the power and has higher environmental protection.
Furthermore, the invention can flexibly deal with the variable working condition operation of the coal-fired unit by adjusting the operation mode of the system.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members in the drawings are merely schematic for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and do not specifically limit the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members of the present invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the system configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control logic diagram of the first pneumatic regulator valve of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a control logic diagram of the working fluid pump of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a control logic diagram for a second pneumatic regulator valve of the present invention;
wherein: 1-a continuous discharge flash tank, 2-a first electric shutoff valve, 3-a second electric shutoff valve, 4-a sewage flash tank, 5-a third electric shutoff valve, 6-a first pneumatic control valve, 7-a fourth electric shutoff valve, 8-a coal-fired unit periodic blowdown system, 9-a fifth electric shutoff valve, 10-a sixth electric shutoff valve, 11-a second pneumatic control valve, 12-a first heat exchanger, 13-a second heat exchanger, 14-a working medium pump, 15-a first expander, 16-a condenser, 17-a coal-fired unit condenser hot well, 18-a second expander, 19-a generator, 20-a liquid level measuring instrument, 21-a first pressure measuring instrument, 22-a temperature measuring instrument and 23-a second pressure measuring instrument.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a single embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in FIG. 1, the system for comprehensively utilizing the residual heat and the residual pressure of the continuous blowdown of the boiler comprises a sewage flash tank 4, a heat exchanger, an expander, a condenser 16, a working medium pump 14 and a generator 19;
wherein the expander comprises a first expander 15 and a second expander 18; the first expander 15 and the second expander 18 are connected to a generator 19 to produce work.
An inlet of the sewage flash tank 4 is connected with an outlet of the continuous discharge flash tank 1, the sewage flash tank 4 is provided with two outlets, wherein a first outlet of the sewage flash tank 4 is connected with an inlet of a second expansion machine 18, and an outlet of the second expansion machine 18 is connected to a condenser hot well 17 of the coal-fired unit; a second outlet of the sewage flash tank 4 is connected with a hot side inlet of the heat exchanger, and a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a periodic sewage system 8 of the coal-fired unit;
a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a first expansion machine 15, an outlet of the first expansion machine 15 is connected with an inlet of a condenser 16, and an outlet of the condenser 16 is connected with a cold side inlet of the heat exchanger through the working medium pump 14;
the output shaft of the first expander 15 and the output shaft of the second expander 18 are both connected with a generator 19.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the continuous sewage discharged by the boiler is divided into saturated steam and saturated water after passing through the sewage flash tank 4; one path of saturated steam returns to a hot well 17 of a condenser of the coal-fired unit after working through a second expansion machine 18, and the part of water working medium is recycled; one path of saturated water is subjected to heat exchange with an organic working medium through a heat exchanger and then discharged to a trench of a coal-fired unit; the organic working medium after heat exchange enters a first expander 15 to do work, and then is pumped into a heat exchanger by a working medium pump 14 after being cooled by a condenser.
Preferably, a liquid level measuring instrument 20 is arranged on the sewage flash tank 4, a first electric shutoff valve 2 and a third electric shutoff valve 5 are respectively arranged on an inlet and a second outlet of the sewage flash tank 4, a first bypass is arranged at two ends of the sewage flash tank 4, and a second electric shutoff valve 3 is arranged on the first bypass;
and a first pressure measuring instrument 21 and a fifth electric shutoff valve 9 are arranged on a first outlet of the sewage flash tank 4.
Preferably, the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger 12 and a second heat exchanger 13, and the first heat exchanger 12 and the second heat exchanger 13 are connected in series.
Preferably, a first pneumatic regulating valve 6 is arranged at a second outlet of the sewage flash tank 4, second bypasses are further arranged at two ends of the first pneumatic regulating valve 6 and connected to a periodic blowdown system 8 of the coal-fired unit, and a fourth electric shutoff valve 7 is arranged on the second bypass.
Preferably, a temperature measuring instrument 22 and a second pressure measuring instrument 23 are arranged on the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger;
a sixth electric shutoff valve 10 is arranged on a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger;
and a third bypass is further arranged at the inlet end of the sixth electric shutoff valve 10, a second pneumatic regulating valve 11 is arranged on the third bypass, and the third bypass is connected with a condenser 16.
Optionally, the view field of the generator 19 is increased, and if only the shaft work of the expansion machine needs to be utilized, the generator 19 can be eliminated.
Alternatively, the first expander 15 and the second expander 18 may be arranged separately, if desired, depending on the viewing situation. Wherein the first expander 15 and the second expander 18 are disposed coaxially or non-coaxially.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the main instrumentation and control devices of the present invention are set as follows:
a normally open first electric shutoff valve 2 and a normally open third electric shutoff valve 5 are respectively arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the sewage flash tank 4, a normally closed second electric shutoff valve 3 is arranged on a first bypass pipeline of the sewage flash tank 4, and a liquid level measuring instrument 20 is arranged on a sewage flash tank 4 body; a first pressure measuring instrument 21 is arranged on a pipeline at the outlet of the sewage flash tank 4, and a normally-open fifth electric shutoff valve 9 is arranged on a pipeline from the sewage flash tank 4 to the second expansion machine 18;
a first pneumatic regulating valve 6 and a fourth bypass normally closed electric shutoff valve 7 are respectively arranged on a pipeline between the sewage flash tank 4 and a periodic blowdown system 8 of the coal-fired unit; a temperature measuring instrument 22 and a second pressure measuring instrument 23 are arranged on a pipeline at the outlet of the first heat exchanger 12, a normally open sixth electric shutoff valve 10 is arranged on a pipeline from the first heat exchanger 12 to the first expander 15, and a second pneumatic regulating valve 11 is arranged on a pipeline from the first heat exchanger 12 to the condenser 16.
The invention also provides a control method of the boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and excess pressure comprehensive utilization system, which comprises the following steps:
after passing through a sewage flash tank 4, the boiler continuous sewage of the continuous discharge flash tank 1 is subjected to flash evaporation and is divided into saturated steam and saturated water; one path of the saturated steam returns to a hot well 17 of a condenser of the coal-fired unit after working by a second expansion machine 18, and water working media are recovered; one path of saturated water is subjected to heat exchange with the organic working medium through a heat exchanger and then discharged to a periodic blowdown system 8 of the coal-fired unit; the organic working medium after heat exchange in the heat exchanger enters a first expander 15 to do work, and then is pumped into the heat exchanger by a working medium pump 14 after being cooled in a condenser 16.
As a preferred embodiment, the control of the first pneumatic regulator valve 6 of the present invention is explained as follows:
fig. 2 is a control logic diagram of the first pneumatic regulator valve 6 of the present invention.
(a) The sum of the liquid level set value of the sewage flash tank 4 and a first input signal A of an operator in the control system is used as an input value of a set value input end SP of the PID controller, wherein the first input signal A has the main function of facilitating the operator to slightly adjust the liquid level value of the sewage flash tank 4; the measured value of the liquid level measuring instrument 20 is used as the input value of the process value input end PV of the PID controller after being processed by the operation of the filtering block leader lag, where the filtering block leader lag mainly serves to prevent signal jitter in the liquid level measuring process; after the PID controller controls and operates the input value of the set value input end SP and the input value of the process value input end PV, the PID controller outputs a control instruction of the actuating mechanism of the first pneumatic regulating valve 6 so as to maintain the liquid level in the sewage flash tank 4 within a reasonable range, thereby ensuring the stable and reliable operation of the second expansion machine 18.
The control process of working medium pump 14 according to the invention is described as follows, as a preferred embodiment:
fig. 3 shows the control logic of working medium pump 14 according to the invention.
(b) The temperature set value of the outlet of the first heat exchanger 12 and a second input signal B of an operator in the control system are summed to be used as an input value of a set value input end SP of the PID controller, wherein the second input signal B is mainly used for facilitating the operator to slightly adjust the temperature value of the outlet of the first heat exchanger 12; the measured value of the temperature measuring instrument 22 is used as the input value of the process value input end PV of the PID controller after being subjected to the operation processing of the filtering block leader lag, where the filtering block leader lag mainly serves to prevent signal jitter during the temperature measurement; after the PID controller performs control operation on the input value of the set value input terminal SP and the input value of the process value input terminal PV, it outputs a control instruction of the frequency converter of the working medium pump 14 to maintain the temperature of the outlet of the first heat exchanger 12 within a reasonable range, thereby ensuring stable and reliable operation of the first expander 15.
As a preferred embodiment, the control process of the second pneumatic regulator valve 11 of the present invention is explained as follows:
fig. 4 is a control logic diagram of the second pneumatic regulator valve 11 of the present invention.
(c) The second pneumatic regulating valve 11 is mainly used for ensuring normal operation of the system in the process of starting temperature rise and pressure rise, and simultaneously ensuring that working medium pressure of the first expansion machine 15 is not over-pressurized after the first expansion machine is put into operation.
The pressure set value of the outlet of the first heat exchanger 12 and a third input signal C of an operator in the control system are summed to be used as an input value of a first input end N of the switching module T, wherein the third input signal C is mainly used for facilitating the operator to slightly adjust the pressure value of the outlet of the first heat exchanger 12; the pressure set value and the fixed value parameter 0.2 at the outlet of the first heat exchanger 12 are summed and calculated to be used as the input value of the second input end Y of the switching module T, wherein the set value and the fixed value parameter 0.2 are mainly used for preventing the working medium pressure from being over-pressurized after the first expander 15 is put into operation, and the input value of the first input end N and the output of the input value of the second input end Y of the switching module T are calculated by the switching module T to be used as the input value of the set value input end SP of the PID controller; the measured value of the second pressure measuring instrument 23 is used as the input value of the process value input end PV of the PID controller after being subjected to the operation processing of the filtering block leader lag, where the filtering block leader lag mainly serves to prevent signal jitter during the pressure measurement; after the PID controller performs control operation on the input value of the set value input end SP and the input value of the process value input end PV, the PID controller outputs a control instruction of the actuating mechanism of the second pneumatic regulating valve 11, so as to prevent working medium pressure overpressure after the first expansion machine 15 starts pressure regulation in the temperature rise and pressure rise process.
As a preferred embodiment, the control of each electric shutoff valve of the present invention is explained as follows:
according to the invention, a first electric shutoff valve 2 and a third electric shutoff valve 5 are used for isolation when a sewage flash tank 4 is in fault or overhauled, and a second electric shutoff valve 3 arranged on a first bypass is used for ensuring normal operation of a boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system after the first electric shutoff valve 2 and the third electric shutoff valve 5 are closed; the fourth electric shutoff valve 7 is used for ensuring the normal work of the boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system when the first pneumatic regulating valve 6 or the first heat exchanger 12 and the second heat exchanger 13 are in failure or maintenance; the sixth electric shutoff valve 10 and the fifth electric shutoff valve 9 are respectively used for the isolated operation of the first expansion machine 15 and the second expansion machine 18 when the work is stopped in a fault or in maintenance, so that the safety and the reliability of the whole system are ensured.
The working process of the invention has the following operation schemes:
1) and (3) a normal operation scheme:
when a coal-fired unit provided with the boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system operates normally, sewage from the continuous discharge flash tank 1 enters the sewage flash tank 4 to be flashed, the second electric shutoff valve 3 is closed at the moment, and the first electric shutoff valve 2 and the third electric shutoff valve 5 are opened. Meanwhile, the fifth electric shutoff valve 9 is opened, the water vapor flashed off enters the second expander 18 to be expanded and do work, and the expanded exhaust steam enters the hot well 17 of the condenser of the coal-fired unit, so that the part of working medium is recycled. And (3) the sewage after flash evaporation enters a first heat exchanger 12 and a second heat exchanger 13 through a first pneumatic regulating valve 6 to exchange heat with the organic working medium, at the moment, a fourth electric shutoff valve 7 is closed, the regulation of the first pneumatic regulating valve 6 is as in (a), and the sewage after heat exchange enters a periodic sewage discharge system 8 of the coal-fired unit. And simultaneously, the sixth electric shutoff valve 10 is opened, the heated organic working medium enters the first expansion machine 15 to expand and do work, and the heated organic working medium and the second expansion machine 18 drag the generator 19 together, and the second pneumatic regulating valve 11 is regulated as in (c). And (3) cooling the expanded spent working medium in a condenser 16, pumping the cooled organic working medium into a second heat exchanger 13 by a working medium pump 14, wherein the operation logic of the working medium pump 14 is as described in (b).
2) The starting scheme of the unit is as follows:
when a coal-fired unit provided with the boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system is started, sewage from the continuous discharge flash tank 1 enters the sewage flash tank 4 to be flashed, the second electric shutoff valve 3 is closed at the moment, and the first electric shutoff valve 2 and the third electric shutoff valve 5 are opened. Meanwhile, the fifth electric shutoff valve 9 is opened, the flashed steam enters the second expander 18 for expansion and warming, and the expanded exhaust steam enters the hot well 17 of the condenser of the coal-fired unit, so that the part of working medium is recovered. And (3) the sewage after flash evaporation enters a first heat exchanger 12 and a second heat exchanger 13 through a first pneumatic regulating valve 6 to exchange heat with the organic working medium, at the moment, a fourth electric shutoff valve 7 is closed, the regulation of the first pneumatic regulating valve 6 is as in (a), and the sewage after heat exchange enters a periodic sewage discharge system 8 of the coal-fired unit. And (3) simultaneously closing the sixth electric shutoff valve 10, and before the organic working medium parameters at the outlet of the first heat exchanger reach the set value, entering the condenser 16 through a third bypass where the second pneumatic regulating valve 11 is located, wherein the regulation of the second pneumatic regulating valve 11 is as described in (c). The cooled organic working medium is pumped into the second heat exchanger 13 by the working medium pump 14. When the parameters of the organic working medium at the outlet of the first heat exchanger 12 reach a set value, the sixth electric shutoff valve 10 is opened, and the organic working medium at the outlet of the first heat exchanger 12 enters the first expander 15 for expansion and warming. After the first expander 15 and the second expander 18 are warmed up, the generator 19 is dragged together to generate power, and the system starting process is finished.
3) System accident scenario one (failure of the second expander 18 or the sewage flash tank 4):
when the second expansion machine 18 or the sewage flash tank 4 of the coal-fired unit provided with the boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system breaks down, the second expansion machine 18 is stopped emergently. Subsequently, the second electric shutoff valve 3 is opened, the first electric shutoff valve 2 and the third electric shutoff valve 5 are closed, and the sewage from the continuous discharge flash tank 1 flows through the first bypass in which the second electric shutoff valve 3 is located. At the moment, the fourth electric shutoff valve 7 is opened, the opening degree of the first pneumatic regulating valve 6 is changed to regulate the flow of the sewage entering the first heat exchanger 12, the first pneumatic regulating valve 6 is regulated as in (a), the part of the sewage enters the periodic sewage discharge system 8 of the coal-fired unit after exchanging heat with the organic working medium through the first heat exchanger 12 and the second heat exchanger 13, the parameter of the organic working medium at the outlet of the first heat exchanger is ensured to reach a set value, and the rest of the sewage enters the periodic sewage discharge system 8 of the coal-fired unit through the second bypass where the fourth electric shutoff valve 7 is located. At this time, the sixth electric shutoff valve 10 is opened, the second pneumatic control valve 11 is adjusted as described in (c), the heated organic working medium enters the first expander 15 to expand and do work, and the generator 19 is dragged to generate electricity. And (3) cooling the expanded spent working medium in a condenser 16, pumping the cooled organic working medium into a second heat exchanger 13 by a working medium pump 14, wherein the operation logic of the working medium pump 14 is as described in (b).
4) System failure scenario two (first expander 15 failure):
and when the first expansion machine 15 fails, the first expansion machine 15 is stopped emergently by the coal-fired unit provided with the boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system. The sewage from the continuous discharge flash tank 1 normally enters the sewage flash tank 4 for flash evaporation, at the moment, the second electric shutoff valve 3 is closed, and the first electric shutoff valve 2 and the third electric shutoff valve 5 are opened. Meanwhile, the fifth electric shutoff valve 9 is opened, the water vapor flashed off enters the second expander 18 to be expanded and do work, and the expanded exhaust steam enters the hot well 17 of the condenser of the coal-fired unit, so that the part of working medium is recycled. At this time, the sixth electric shutoff valve 10 is closed, the organic working medium at the outlet of the first heater enters the condenser 16 through the third bypass where the second pneumatic control valve 11 is located for cooling, the second pneumatic control valve 11 is regulated as described in (c), and the cooled organic working medium is pumped into the second heat exchanger 13 by the working medium pump 14, so that the working medium circulation is maintained. And then the first pneumatic regulating valve 6 is closed, the fourth electric shutoff valve 7 is opened, and the sewage discharged from the sewage flash tank 4 enters a periodic sewage discharge system 8 of the coal-fired unit through a second bypass where the fourth electric shutoff valve 7 is located. When the first pneumatic regulating valve 6 is closed and the flow of the sewage entering the first heat exchanger 12 is reduced to a set value, the working medium pump 14 and the condenser 16 stop operating.
5) System accident scenario three (leakage of first heat exchanger 12 or second heat exchanger 13):
and when the first heat exchanger 12 or the second heat exchanger 13 in the coal-fired unit provided with the boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system leaks, the first expansion machine 15 is stopped emergently. The sewage from the continuous discharge flash tank 1 normally enters the sewage flash tank 4 for flash evaporation, at the moment, the second electric shutoff valve 3 is closed, and the first electric shutoff valve 2 and the third electric shutoff valve 5 are opened. Meanwhile, the fifth electric shutoff valve 9 is opened, the water vapor flashed off enters the second expander 18 to be expanded and do work, and the expanded exhaust steam enters the hot well 17 of the condenser of the coal-fired unit, so that the part of working medium is recycled. And simultaneously, the first pneumatic regulating valve 6 is closed, the fourth electric shutoff valve 7 is opened, and the sewage discharged from the sewage flash tank 4 enters a periodic sewage discharge system 8 of the coal-fired unit through a second bypass where the fourth electric shutoff valve 7 is located. Then, the sixth electric shutoff valve 10 is closed, the organic working medium at the outlet of the first heater enters the condenser 16 through the third bypass where the second pneumatic regulating valve 11 is located, and then the working medium pump 14 and the condenser 16 stop operating.
6) And (3) overhauling or stopping the system:
when a coal-fired unit provided with the boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system needs to be shut down, the second electric shutoff valve 3 is opened, the first electric shutoff valve 2 and the third electric shutoff valve 5 are closed, and sewage from the continuous discharge flash tank 1 flows through the first bypass where the second electric shutoff valve 3 is located. The fifth electrically operated shutoff valve 9 is closed and the second expander 18 is stopped. And simultaneously closing the first pneumatic regulating valve 6, opening the fourth electric shutoff valve 7, and enabling the sewage flowing out of the first bypass where the second electric shutoff valve 3 is located to enter a periodic blowdown system 8 of the coal-fired unit through a second bypass where the fourth electric shutoff valve 7 is located. At this time, the sixth electric shutoff valve 10 is closed, the first expander 15 is stopped, and the working medium pump 14 and the condenser 16 are stopped.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and for distinguishing similar objects, and no precedence between the two is considered as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided would be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of the present teachings should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The omission in the foregoing claims of any aspect of subject matter that is disclosed herein is not intended to forego such subject matter, nor should the applicant consider that such subject matter is not considered part of the disclosed subject matter.
Claims (10)
1. A boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system is characterized by comprising a sewage flash tank (4), a heat exchanger, an expander, a condenser (16), a working medium pump (14) and a generator (19);
wherein the expander comprises a first expander (15) and a second expander (18);
an inlet of the sewage flash tank (4) is connected with an outlet of the continuous discharge flash tank (1), the sewage flash tank (4) is provided with two outlets, a first outlet of the sewage flash tank (4) is connected with an inlet of a second expansion machine (18), and an outlet of the second expansion machine (18) is connected with a condenser hot well (17) of the coal-fired unit; a second outlet of the sewage flash tank (4) is connected with a hot side inlet of the heat exchanger, and a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a periodic sewage system (8) of the coal-fired unit;
the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a first expansion machine (15), the outlet of the first expansion machine (15) is connected with the inlet of a condenser (16), and the outlet of the condenser (16) is connected with the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger through the working medium pump (14);
the output shaft of the first expander (15) and the output shaft of the second expander (18) are both connected with a generator (19).
2. The boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid level measuring instrument (20) is arranged on the sewage flash tank (4), a first electric shutoff valve (2) and a third electric shutoff valve (5) are respectively arranged on an inlet and a second outlet of the sewage flash tank (4), a first bypass is arranged at two ends of the sewage flash tank (4), and a second electric shutoff valve (3) is arranged on the first bypass;
and a first pressure measuring instrument (21) and a fifth electric shutoff valve (9) are arranged on a first outlet of the sewage flash tank (4).
3. The boiler continuous blowdown, waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger (12) and a second heat exchanger (13), and the first heat exchanger (12) and the second heat exchanger (13) are connected in series.
4. The boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that a first pneumatic regulating valve (6) is arranged at a second outlet of the sewage flash tank (4), a second bypass is further arranged at two ends of the first pneumatic regulating valve (6), the second bypass is connected to a periodic blowdown system (8) of a coal-fired unit, and a fourth electric shutoff valve (7) is arranged on the second bypass.
5. The boiler continuous blowdown, waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a temperature measuring instrument (22) and a second pressure measuring instrument (23) are arranged on a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger;
a sixth electric shutoff valve (10) is arranged on a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger;
and a third bypass is further arranged at the inlet end of the sixth electric shutoff valve (10), a second pneumatic regulating valve (11) is arranged on the third bypass, and the third bypass is connected with a condenser (16).
6. The boiler continuous blowdown, waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first expander (15) and the second expander (18) are coaxially or non-coaxially arranged.
7. The control method of the boiler continuous blowdown residual heat and pressure comprehensive utilization system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
the boiler continuous sewage of the continuous discharge flash tank (1) passes through the sewage flash tank (4) and then is subjected to flash evaporation to form saturated steam and saturated water; one path of the saturated steam returns to a condenser hot well (17) of the coal-fired unit after acting through a second expansion machine (18) to recover the water working medium; one path of saturated water is subjected to heat exchange with the organic working medium through a heat exchanger and then discharged to a periodic blowdown system (8) of the coal-fired unit; the organic working medium after heat exchange in the heat exchanger enters a first expander (15) to do work, and then is pumped into the heat exchanger by a working medium pump (14) after being cooled by a condenser (16).
8. The control method of the boiler continuous blowdown residual heat and pressure comprehensive utilization system according to claim 7, further comprising a control method of a first pneumatic adjusting valve (6), and specifically comprising:
the sum of the liquid level set value of the sewage flash tank (4) and a first input signal A in the control system is used as the input value of a set value input end SP of the PID controller; the measured value of the liquid level measuring instrument (20) is used as the input value of a process value input end PV of the PID controller after the operation processing of the filtering block; after the PID controller controls and operates the input value of the set value input end SP and the input value of the process value input end PV, the PID controller outputs a control instruction of an actuating mechanism of the first pneumatic regulating valve (6) so as to maintain the liquid level in the sewage flash tank (4) within a preset range.
9. The control method of the boiler continuous blowdown waste heat and residual pressure comprehensive utilization system according to claim 7, further comprising a control method of a working medium pump (14), and specifically comprising the following steps:
the temperature set value at the outlet of the first heat exchanger (12) is summed with a second input signal B in the control system and then is used as an input value of a set value input end SP of the PID controller; the measured value of the temperature measuring instrument (22) is used as the input value of a process value input end PV of the PID controller after the operation processing of the filtering block; and after the PID controller carries out control operation on the input value of the set value input end SP and the input value of the process value input end PV, the PID controller outputs a control instruction of a frequency converter of the working medium pump (14) so as to maintain the temperature of the outlet of the first heat exchanger (12) within a preset range, so that the first expansion machine (15) operates.
10. The control method of the boiler continuous blowdown residual heat and pressure comprehensive utilization system according to claim 7, further comprising a control method of a second pneumatic adjusting valve (11), and specifically comprising:
the pressure set value at the outlet of the first heat exchanger (12) is summed with a third input signal C in the control system and then is used as an input value of a first input end N of the switching module; the pressure set value and the fixed value parameter at the outlet of the first heat exchanger (12) are subjected to summation operation and then serve as the input value of a second input end Y of the switching module, and the input value of a first input end N and the input value of the second input end Y of the switching module are subjected to operation by the switching module and then serve as the input value of a set value input end SP of the PID controller; the measured value of the second pressure measuring instrument (23) is used as the input value of a process value input end PV of the PID controller after the operation processing of the filtering block; after the PID controller controls and calculates the input value of the set value input end SP and the input value of the process value input end PV, the PID controller outputs a control instruction of an actuating mechanism of the second pneumatic regulating valve (11) for pressure regulation in the process of starting temperature rise and pressure rise of the first expansion machine (15) and preventing working medium pressure overpressure after the first expansion machine (15) is put into operation.
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| JP2011157853A (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-18 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Heat recovery device and heat recovery method for turbine in power generation facility |
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