CN113862038B

CN113862038B - Household garbage gasification method and gasification device

Info

Publication number: CN113862038B
Application number: CN202111355597.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卫潘明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-11-16
Filing date: 2021-11-16
Publication date: 2024-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-16
Also published as: CN113862038A

Abstract

The invention discloses a household garbage gasification method and a gasification device, wherein household garbage is subjected to drying and thermal cracking to generate steam and dry garbage, one part of the steam is subjected to carbonization treatment along with the dry garbage, and the other part of the steam is directly extracted to be used as a gasifying agent; dry garbage is subjected to carbonization to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke, one part of pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is extracted to be used as heating energy, and the other part of pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is gasified together with the garbage coke; carrying out gasification reaction on the garbage coke and steam used as a gasifying agent to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, purifying the synthesis gas, using the synthesis gas as product gas, and using part of the synthesis gas and the extracted pyrolysis gas as heating energy when the pyrolysis gas cannot meet the process requirements; the gasified residue was cooled to room temperature and discharged. The invention uses the steam generated by drying as the gasifying agent of the gas section, and the final product only contains the synthetic gas and ash, thus solving the problems of low quality of the waste gasified synthetic gas and difficult utilization of tar and waste coke.

Description

Household garbage gasification method and gasification device

Technical Field

The invention relates to a household garbage gasification method and a gasification device, and belongs to the technical field of household garbage harmless treatment.

Background

Common household garbage disposal processes include landfill, biochemistry and incineration. The sanitary landfill has the advantages of being most widely applicable, low in treatment cost and capable of recycling part of landfill gas, and the defects of being difficult to control smell in the operation process, high in leachate treatment cost, large in occupied land area and difficult to recycle; at present, only residues with the organic matter content of less than 5% are allowed to be buried in Germany, and Beijing will also reprocess the garbage in the existing landfill, and the sanitary landfill is only used as a matched treatment facility in the future. The biochemical treatment is effective only on biodegradable components in the household garbage, is very suitable for treating kitchen wastes, kitchen wastes and garden garbage collected in a classified manner, and has slower classification progress in China, less raw materials suitable for biochemical treatment, higher product impurities and difficult sales when the biochemical treatment is carried out for mixing garbage. The incineration is to convert the household garbage into inert residues by utilizing the combustion principle, the volume reduction can reach 90 percent, the weight reduction can reach 80 percent, and the heat energy and the electric energy can be recovered, but the occurrence of the international and domestic anti-incineration events is continuously caused by the unavoidable generation of pollutants such as dioxin in the treatment process.

The garbage gasification is used as the next generation garbage treatment technology, the product is synthesis gas, the main components are carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and the product can be used as production and living gas. At present, two types of garbage gasification are dry distillation modes, one type is an anoxic combustion mode, and the problems are that the generated tar components are complex and unstable and are difficult to utilize, the produced garbage coke impurities are very much difficult to utilize, meanwhile, the water content of the garbage in China is higher than 50%, the energy consumption is higher, and the calorific value of products in the anoxic combustion mode is lower and the garbage coke impurities are difficult to utilize.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at solving the technical problems in the prior art and provides a household garbage gasification method and a gasification device.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

The invention firstly provides a household garbage gasification method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) And (3) drying: drying the household garbage at the temperature of not higher than 250 ℃ for 4-8 hours; after the drying treatment is finished, the household garbage is subjected to drying thermal cracking to generate steam and dry garbage; dry garbage is subjected to carbonization treatment, one part of steam is subjected to carbonization treatment along with the dry garbage, and the other part of steam is directly extracted to be used as a gasifying agent;

(2) And (3) dry distillation treatment: dry garbage obtained after the drying treatment in the step (1) is subjected to carbonization treatment for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 800 ℃; after the carbonization treatment is finished, dry garbage is carbonized to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke; one part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is extracted to be used as heating energy, and the other part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is gasified together with garbage coke; part of steam which is subjected to carbonization treatment together with drying garbage is kept in a steam state at a temperature of not higher than 800 ℃, and part of pyrolysis gas (containing steam) which is mixed with the steam after extraction is gasified together with garbage coke;

(3) And (3) gasification treatment: the steam in the pyrolysis gas in the step (2) and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) are used as gasifying agents at the same time, the garbage coke obtained after the carbonization treatment in the step (2) and the steam used as the gasifying agents are gasified to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues under the condition of not higher than 950 ℃, the pyrolysis gas is further cracked into a part of synthesis gas at high temperature, and the gasification treatment time is 6-10 hours; the synthesis gas contains ammonia, sulfide and other impurities, the synthesis gas is extracted to remove the impurities, the purified synthesis gas is used as product gas, and when the pyrolysis gas cannot meet the process requirement, part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas extracted in the step (2) are used as heating energy together;

(4) And (3) cooling treatment: and (3) cooling the gasification residue generated in the step (3) to room temperature and then discharging.

In the above technical scheme, the household garbage gasification method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) And (3) drying: putting domestic garbage into a hopper, starting a compression head, wherein the compression head is used for compressing the domestic garbage placed in the hopper into a garbage bin of a gasification furnace, the compression head descends to compress the domestic garbage into a drying section of the garbage bin, then returns to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, a heating chamber I is opened to heat the domestic garbage in the drying section, the domestic garbage is dried for 4-8 hours at the temperature of not higher than 250 ℃, steam and dry garbage are generated from the drying of the domestic garbage, a part of steam is extracted from a steam outlet to be used as a gasification agent, and a part of steam enters dry distillation treatment along with the dry garbage;

(2) And (3) dry distillation treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (1) is finished, continuously throwing the household garbage into a hopper, conveying the household garbage to a drying section by a compression head, returning to the top of a garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding the generated drying garbage and part of steam in the original drying section to a carbonization section by newly thrown household garbage, and continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) on materials in the drying section; dry-distilling the dry garbage extruded into the dry distillation section: opening an upper heating chamber II to heat the dry garbage in the carbonization section, carrying out carbonization treatment on the dry garbage at the temperature of not higher than 800 ℃ for 6-10 hours, carrying out carbonization on the dry garbage to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke, wherein part of pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is pumped out from a pyrolysis gas outlet to provide heating energy sources for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II, and the other part of pyrolysis gas mixed with steam enters gasification treatment along with the garbage coke; steam entering the carbonization section together with the dry garbage keeps the state of steam at the temperature of not higher than 800 ℃, and the residual pyrolysis gas (containing steam) after the pyrolysis gas (containing steam) is partially extracted also carries out gasification treatment together with garbage coke;

(3) And (3) gasification treatment: after the carbonization treatment in the step (2) is finished, continuously throwing household garbage into a hopper, after the household garbage is conveyed to a drying section by a compression head in a pressing mode, returning to the top of a garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding generated dry garbage and part of steam in an original drying section to the carbonization section by the newly thrown household garbage, extruding generated garbage coke and part of pyrolysis gas containing steam in the original carbonization section to a gasification section by the dry garbage, continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) on materials in the drying section, continuously repeating the carbonization treatment in the step (2) on the materials in the carbonization section, and carrying out gasification treatment on the garbage coke extruded into the gasification section: the steam extracted from the steam outlet in the step (1) is sent into a gasification section from a gasifying agent inlet, the steam contained in the pyrolysis gas and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) are used as gasifying agents at the same time, a lower heating chamber II is opened to heat garbage coke in the gasification section, the garbage coke and the steam used as the gasifying agents are subjected to gasification reaction for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 950 ℃ to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, and the pyrolysis gas is further cracked at high temperature to become a part of the synthesis gas; the synthesis gas contains ammonia, sulfide and other impurities, the synthesis gas is pumped out from a synthesis gas outlet and enters a purification system for purification, the purified and removed impurities are used as product gas for generating electricity or being sent into a gas pipe network for use, and when the pyrolysis gas does not meet the process requirements, part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas pumped out in the step (2) are used as fuel to provide heating energy for a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II;

(4) And (3) cooling treatment: after the gasification treatment in the step (3) is finished, continuously throwing household garbage into a hopper, after the household garbage is conveyed to a drying section by a compression head in a pressing mode, returning to the top of a garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding generated dry garbage and part of steam in an original drying section to a carbonization section by newly thrown household garbage, extruding generated garbage coke and part of pyrolysis gas containing steam in the original carbonization section to a gasification section by the dry garbage, extruding generated gasification residues in the original gasification section to a cooling section by the garbage coke, continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) by materials in the drying section, continuously repeating the carbonization treatment in the step (2) by materials in the carbonization section, continuously repeating the gasification treatment in the step (3) by the materials in the gasification section, and performing gasification treatment on the gasification residues extruded into the cooling section: opening a cooling chamber to cool gasified residues in the cooling section, opening a double-roller crusher at the bottom of the cooling section after cooling to room temperature, crushing the cooled gasified residues by a double-roller discharging device, discharging the crushed gasified residues to the bottom of the gasifier, opening a discharging valve, and discharging the crushed gasified residues from a discharger through a pipeline; and continuously throwing the household garbage into the hopper to form a circulating production process.

(1) And (3) drying: starting a compression head, wherein the compression head is used for compressing the household garbage placed in a hopper into a garbage bin (3) of a gasification furnace, the compression head is lowered to compress the household garbage into a drying section, a carbonization section and a gasification section which are distributed from top to bottom of the garbage bin, a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II are opened to heat the household garbage in the garbage bin, and the household garbage is dried for 4-8 hours at the temperature of not higher than 250 ℃; after the drying treatment is finished, the household garbage is subjected to drying thermal cracking to generate steam and dried garbage, a part of the steam is used as a gasifying agent through a steam outlet, and a part of the steam is subjected to carbonization treatment along with the dried garbage;

(2) And (3) dry distillation treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (1) is finished, opening a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II to heat the dried garbage in the garbage bin, and carrying out dry distillation treatment on the dried garbage for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 800 ℃; after the carbonization treatment is finished, dry garbage is carbonized to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke; part of the pyrolysis gas containing steam is pumped out from a pyrolysis gas outlet to provide heating energy sources for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II, and the other part of pyrolysis gas containing steam is gasified together with the garbage coke; steam which is subjected to carbonization treatment together with drying of garbage can keep a state of steam at a temperature of 250 ℃ or lower and 800 ℃, and pyrolysis gas (steam) which remains after the pyrolysis gas (steam) is extracted is also subjected to gasification treatment together with garbage coke;

(3) And (3) gasification treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (2) is finished, opening a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II to heat the garbage coke in the garbage bin, simultaneously, sending the steam extracted in the step (1) into the garbage bin through a gasifying agent inlet, wherein the steam exists along with the garbage coke and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) is used as a gasifying agent, carrying out gasification reaction on the garbage coke and the steam used as the gasifying agent for 6-10 hours under the condition of not higher than 950 ℃ to generate synthetic gas and gasification residues, and further cracking the cracking gas at a high temperature to become a part of the synthetic gas; the synthesis gas contains ammonia, sulfide and other impurities, the pyrolysis gas is extracted from a synthesis gas outlet and then purified, the purified pyrolysis gas is used as product gas for generating electricity or being sent into a gas pipe network for use, and when the pyrolysis gas does not meet the process requirements, part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas extracted in the step (2) are used as fuel to provide heating energy sources for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II;

(4) And (3) cooling treatment: starting the compression head, descending the compression head to press and send the gasified residues to a cooling section of the garbage bin, returning to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, cooling the gasified residues in the cooling section by the cooling chamber, opening a double-roller crusher at the bottom of the cooling section after cooling to room temperature, crushing and discharging the cooled gasified residues by a double-roller discharging device, falling the discharged gasified residues into the bottom of the gasifier, opening a discharging valve, and discharging the crushed gasified residues from a discharger through a pipeline.

In the technical scheme, the water content of the household garbage is not less than 30%, preferably 30% -50%; when the moisture content of the garbage is insufficient, the garbage should be supplemented with moisture to meet the gasification requirement.

In the above technical scheme, in the step (1), the drying treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 150-250 ℃, and more preferably at 250 ℃; the treatment time is preferably 6 hours.

In the above technical scheme, in the step (2), the dry distillation treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 250-800 ℃, and more preferably at 650 ℃; the treatment time is preferably 8 hours.

In the above technical scheme, in the step (3), the gasification treatment is preferably performed at a treatment temperature of 800-950 ℃, and more preferably 900 ℃; the treatment time is preferably 8 hours.

In the above technical solution, in step (4), the cooling time is preferably 2h.

The invention also provides a household garbage gasification device, the main body is a gasification furnace, and the household garbage gasification device is characterized in that:

the gasification furnace comprises a cube section and a rectangular pyramid section from top to bottom, and the cube section and the rectangular pyramid section are communicated with each other; a plurality of garbage bins with the same structure are arranged in the three-dimensional segment; the tail end of the rectangular pyramid section is provided with a discharge valve, the outer part of the rectangular pyramid section is provided with a water seal groove, and the discharge valve is positioned in the water seal groove;

The garbage bin is of a vertical sheet cuboid structure, and a plurality of garbage bins are arranged in the horizontal direction; the top end of the garbage bin is provided with a V-shaped hopper, the hopper is communicated with the inside of the garbage bin, a compression head capable of sliding up and down along the garbage bin is arranged in the hopper, and the compression head slides downwards to press garbage in the material head into the garbage bin; the tail end of the garbage bin is provided with a double-roller crusher;

The garbage bin, the bin body from top to bottom divide into dry section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling section, and dry section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling section communicate with each other, wherein: the drying section is provided with a heating chamber I outside, the carbonization section and the gasification section are provided with a heating chamber II outside, and the cooling section is provided with a cooling chamber outside; the cooling section is positioned above the double-roller crusher.

In the technical scheme, the number of the garbage bins is at least 3, and the number of the garbage bins is determined according to production requirements.

In the technical scheme, the water seal tank is of a hollow tank body structure with an opening, a hole is formed in the bottom of the water seal tank, a discharging pipe is inserted in the hole, the input end of the discharging pipe is communicated with the air locking discharging valve, and the output end of the discharging pipe is connected with a discharger; the outside of the pipe body of the discharging pipe is in sealing connection with the hole, water is contained in the water seal groove, and the height of the water level is higher than the vertical height of the discharging valve.

In the technical scheme, the compression head is connected with a compressor, and the compressor is arranged above the hopper; the compressor controls the raising and lowering of the compression head.

In the technical scheme, the pair roller crusher is used for unloading, the shearing shaft of the pair roller crusher is used as the bin bottom of the garbage bin cooling section, and the shearing shaft rotates when discharging is needed to crush gasified residues and discharge the gasified residues to the unloading valve. The garbage, garbage coke and residues in the upper drying section, the carbonization section and the gasification section move downwards under the action of the compression head, and the roller crusher is used for crushing and discharging residues left after gasification.

In the above technical scheme, the outer wall of the drying section is provided with the air outlet I; the outer wall of the carbonization section is provided with an air outlet II; the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air outlet III; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a steam outlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a synthesis gas outlet at positions corresponding to the air outlet I, the air outlet II and the air outlet III from top to bottom; the gas outlet I is communicated with the steam outlet, the gas outlet II is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet, and the gas outlet III is communicated with the synthesis gas outlet.

In the technical scheme, the steam outlet is connected with a steam pipeline, the tail end of the steam pipeline is connected with a Roots pump I, and the outlet of the Roots pump I is connected with a steam storage device and/or a device needing steam as a gasifying agent through a pipeline; the cracking gas outlet is connected with a cracking gas pipeline, the tail end of the cracking gas pipeline is connected with a Roots pump II, and the outlet of the Roots pump II is connected with a device for storing cracking gas and/or needing the cracking gas as heating energy through a pipeline; the synthesis gas outlet is connected with a synthesis gas pipeline, the tail end of the synthesis gas pipeline is connected with a Roots pump III, and the outlet of the Roots pump III is connected with a power generation device or a gas pipe network or a device needing synthesis gas through a pipeline.

In the technical scheme, the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air inlet; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a gasifying agent inlet at a position corresponding to the air inlet; the air inlet is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet, and the gasifying agent inlet is positioned below the synthesis gas outlet; the gasifying agent inlet is connected with the outlet of the Roots pump I through a pipeline.

In the technical scheme, the steam outlet, the pyrolysis gas outlet, the synthesis gas outlet and the gasifying agent inlet are respectively provided with an anti-blocking structure, wherein the anti-blocking structure is a groove structure embedded in the downward opening of the inner wall of the garbage bin, and a steam collecting pipe, a pyrolysis gas collecting pipe, a synthesis gas collecting pipe and a gasifying agent distributing pipe are respectively arranged in the groove; the anti-blocking structure is used for collecting pyrolysis gas or synthesis gas and preventing solids from blocking a gas pipeline.

In the technical scheme, the heating chamber II comprises an upper heating chamber II and a lower heating chamber II from top to bottom, wherein the upper heating chamber II is used for heating the carbonization section, and the lower heating chamber II is used for heating the gasification section.

In the technical scheme, the heating chamber I, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II have the same structure: the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a heating gas discharge port and a heating gas inlet from top to bottom at positions corresponding to the outlet I and the inlet I; heating energy enters the heating chamber I, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II from the heating gas inlet to respectively provide energy sources for the heating chamber I, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II, and gas generated after combustion is discharged from the heating gas discharge port.

In the technical scheme, the outer wall of the cooling chamber is provided with an outlet II and an inlet II from top to bottom, and the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a preheated air outlet and a preheated air inlet from top to bottom at positions corresponding to the outlet II and the inlet II; cold air enters the cooling chamber through the preheated air inlet, and heated hot air generated after being heated is discharged through the preheated air outlet.

When the device is used, the generator or an external power supply is arranged, so that the power supply is provided for structures (such as a compressor, a Roots pump, a pair-roller crusher and the like) needing electric power in the device.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:

(1) Organic carbon in life is fully extracted by adopting a drying, pyrolysis (carbonization) and gasification combined process, and the final product is synthesis gas and ash.

(2) The steam generated in the drying process is used as a gasifying agent, and the steam is used for preventing the odor emission in the evaporation process, storing the vaporization latent heat of water in the synthesis gas to reduce the energy cost, and gasifying the carbon generated in the pyrolysis process into the synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen).

(3) The garbage is heated by adopting an external heating method, so that the addition of nitrogen in the air is avoided, and the quality of the produced gas is improved.

(4) And an integrated or segmented process can be adopted, so that the requirements of different clients can be flexibly met.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the external structure of the device of the present invention;

wherein:

1 is a compression head; 2 is a hopper; 3 is a garbage bin; 4 is a steam outlet; 5 is a heating gas discharge port; 6 is an anti-blocking structure; 7 is a heating chamber 1;8 is a pyrolysis gas outlet; 9 is a heating chamber II;10 is a synthesis gas outlet; 11 is a heating gas inlet; 12 is a preheated air outlet; 13 is a cooling chamber; a 14-position preheated air inlet; 15 is a twin roll crusher; 16 is a discharge valve; 17 is a water seal groove; and 18 is a gasifying agent inlet.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the technical scheme of the present invention is provided, but the present invention is not limited to the following descriptions:

the invention provides a household garbage gasification device, the main body is a gasification furnace, as shown in figures 2 and 3:

The gasification furnace comprises a cube section and a rectangular pyramid section from top to bottom, and the cube section and the rectangular pyramid section are communicated with each other; a plurality of garbage bins (at least 3 in number) with the same structure are arranged in the three-dimensional segment; the tail end of the rectangular pyramid section is provided with a discharge valve 16, the outer part of the rectangular pyramid section is provided with a water seal groove 17, and the discharge valve is positioned in the water seal groove;

The garbage bin is of a vertical sheet cuboid structure, and a plurality of garbage bins are arranged in the horizontal direction; the top end of the garbage bin is provided with a V-shaped hopper 2, the hopper is communicated with the inside of the garbage bin, a compression head 1 capable of sliding up and down along the garbage bin is arranged in the hopper, and the compression head slides downwards to press garbage in the material head into the garbage bin; the tail end of the garbage bin is provided with a double-roller crusher 15;

the garbage bin, the bin body from top to bottom divide into dry section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling section, and dry section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling section communicate with each other, wherein: the outside of the drying section is provided with a heating chamber I7, the outside of the carbonization section and the gasification section is provided with a heating chamber II 9, and the outside of the cooling section is provided with a cooling chamber 13; the cooling section is located above the twin roll crusher 15.

In the invention, the water seal tank 17 is a hollow tank body structure with an opening, a hole is arranged at the bottom of the water seal tank, a discharging pipe is inserted in the hole, the input end of the discharging pipe is communicated with the air lock discharging valve, and the output end of the discharging pipe is connected with a discharger; the outside of the pipe body of the discharging pipe is in sealing connection with the hole, water is contained in the water seal groove, and the height of the water level is higher than the vertical height of the discharging valve.

In the invention, the compression head is connected with a compressor, and the compressor is arranged above the hopper; the compressor controls the raising and lowering of the compression head.

In the invention, the shearing shaft of the double-roller crusher 15 is used as the bottom of the garbage bin cooling section, and the shearing shaft rotates when discharging is needed to crush and discharge gasified residues to the discharge valve.

In the invention, the outer wall of the drying section is provided with an air outlet I; the outer wall of the carbonization section is provided with an air outlet II; the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air outlet III; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a steam outlet 4, a pyrolysis gas outlet 8 and a synthesis gas outlet 10 at positions corresponding to the air outlet I, the air outlet II and the air outlet III from top to bottom; the gas outlet I is communicated with the steam outlet 4, the gas outlet II is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet 8, and the gas outlet III is communicated with the synthesis gas outlet 10.

In the invention, the steam outlet 4 is connected with a steam pipeline, the tail end of the steam pipeline is connected with a Roots pump I, and the outlet of the Roots pump I is connected with a steam storage device and/or a device needing steam as a gasifying agent through a pipeline; the cracking gas outlet 8 is connected with a cracking gas pipeline, the tail end of the cracking gas pipeline is connected with a Roots pump II, and the outlet of the Roots pump II is connected with a device for storing cracking gas and/or needing the cracking gas as heating energy through a pipeline; the synthesis gas outlet 10 is connected with a synthesis gas pipeline, the tail end of the synthesis gas pipeline is connected with a Roots pump III, and the outlet of the Roots pump III is connected with a power generation device or a gas pipe network or a device needing synthesis gas through a pipeline.

In the invention, the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air inlet; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a gasifying agent inlet 18 at a position corresponding to the air inlet; the air inlet is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet, and the gasifying agent inlet is positioned below the synthesis gas outlet; the gasifying agent inlet is connected with the outlet of the Roots pump I through a pipeline.

In the invention, the steam outlet 4, the pyrolysis gas outlet 8, the synthesis gas outlet 10 and the gasifying agent inlet 18 are respectively provided with an anti-blocking structure 6 inside, the anti-blocking structure is a groove structure embedded in the inner wall of the garbage bin and opened downwards, and a steam collecting pipe, a pyrolysis gas collecting pipe, a synthesis gas collecting pipe and a gasifying agent distributing pipe are respectively arranged in the groove; the anti-blocking structure 6 is used for collecting pyrolysis gas or synthesis gas and preventing solids from blocking a gas pipeline.

In the invention, the heating chamber II 9 comprises an upper heating chamber II and a lower heating chamber II from top to bottom, wherein the upper heating chamber II is used for heating in a carbonization section, and the lower heating chamber II is used for heating in a gasification section; the heating chamber I7, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II have the same structure: the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with an outlet I and an inlet I from top to bottom, and a heating gas discharge port 5 and a heating gas inlet 11 are arranged at positions corresponding to the outlet I and the inlet I from top to bottom; heating energy enters the heating chamber I7, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II through the heating gas inlet 11 to respectively provide energy for the heating chamber I7, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II, and gas generated after combustion is discharged through the heating gas discharge port.

In the invention, the outer wall of the cooling chamber 13 is provided with an outlet II and an inlet II from top to bottom, and the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a preheated air outlet 12 and a preheated air inlet 14 at positions corresponding to the outlet II and the inlet II from top to bottom; cool air enters the cooling chamber through the preheated air inlet 14, and heated air generated after heating is discharged through the preheated air outlet 12.

When the device is used, the generator or an external power supply is arranged, so that the power supply is provided for a structure requiring electric power in the device.

The invention firstly provides a method for gasifying household garbage by using the device, and a flow chart is shown in figure 1:

The invention is illustrated below with reference to specific examples.

Example 1:

A household garbage gasification device comprises a gasification furnace as a main body:

The gasification furnace comprises a cube section and a rectangular pyramid section from top to bottom, and the cube section and the rectangular pyramid section are communicated with each other; a plurality of garbage bins (3 garbage bins in the embodiment) with the same structure are arranged in the three-dimensional segment; the tail end of the rectangular pyramid section is provided with a discharge valve 16, the outer part of the rectangular pyramid section is provided with a water seal groove 17, and the discharge valve is positioned in the water seal groove; the water seal tank 17 is of a hollow tank body structure with an opening, a hole is formed in the bottom of the water seal tank, a discharging pipe is inserted in the hole, the input end of the discharging pipe is communicated with the air locking discharging valve, and the output end of the discharging pipe is connected with a discharger; the outside of the pipe body of the discharging pipe is connected with the hole in a sealing way, water is contained in the water seal groove, and the height of the water level is higher than the vertical height of the discharging valve;

The garbage bin is of a vertical sheet cuboid structure, and a plurality of garbage bins are arranged in the horizontal direction; the top end of the garbage bin is provided with a V-shaped hopper 2, the hopper is communicated with the inside of the garbage bin, a compression head 1 capable of sliding up and down along the garbage bin is arranged in the hopper, the compression head is connected with a compressor, and the compressor is arranged above the hopper; the compression head slides downwards to press the garbage in the material head into the garbage bin; the tail end of the garbage bin is provided with a double-roller crusher 15; the shearing shaft of the double-roller crusher is used as the bin bottom of the garbage bin cooling section, and rotates when discharging is needed, so that gasified residues are crushed and discharged to the discharge valve;

The garbage bin, the bin body from top to bottom divide into dry section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling section, and dry section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling section communicate with each other, wherein: the outside of the drying section is provided with a heating chamber I7, the outside of the carbonization section and the gasification section is provided with a heating chamber II 9, and the outside of the cooling section is provided with a cooling chamber 13; the cooling section is positioned above the double-roller crusher 15;

The heating chamber II 9 comprises an upper heating chamber II and a lower heating chamber II from top to bottom, wherein the upper heating chamber II is used for heating in a carbonization section, and the lower heating chamber II is used for heating in a gasification section; the heating chamber I7, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II have the same structure: the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with an outlet I and an inlet I from top to bottom, and a heating gas discharge port 5 and a heating gas inlet 11 are arranged at positions corresponding to the outlet I and the inlet I from top to bottom; heating energy enters the heating chamber I7, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II through the heating gas inlet 11 to respectively provide energy for the heating chamber I7, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II, and gas generated after combustion is discharged through the heating gas discharge port; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a preheated air outlet 12 and a preheated air inlet 14 at positions corresponding to the outlet II and the inlet II from top to bottom; cold air enters the cooling chamber through the preheated air inlet 14, and heated hot air generated after heating is discharged through the preheated air outlet 12;

The outer wall of the drying section is provided with an air outlet I; the outer wall of the carbonization section is provided with an air outlet II; the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air outlet III; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a steam outlet 4, a pyrolysis gas outlet 8 and a synthesis gas outlet 10 at positions corresponding to the air outlet I, the air outlet II and the air outlet III from top to bottom; the gas outlet I is communicated with the steam outlet 4, the gas outlet II is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet 8, and the gas outlet III is communicated with the synthesis gas outlet 10;

The steam outlet 4 is connected with a steam pipeline, the tail end of the steam pipeline is connected with a Roots pump I, and the outlet of the Roots pump I is connected with a steam storage device and/or a device needing steam as a gasifying agent through a pipeline; the cracking gas outlet 8 is connected with a cracking gas pipeline, the tail end of the cracking gas pipeline is connected with a Roots pump II, and the outlet of the Roots pump II is connected with a device for storing cracking gas and/or needing the cracking gas as heating energy through a pipeline; the synthesis gas outlet 10 is connected with a synthesis gas pipeline, the tail end of the synthesis gas pipeline is connected with a Roots pump III, and the outlet of the Roots pump III is connected with a power generation device or a gas pipe network or a device needing synthesis gas through a pipeline;

the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air inlet; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a gasifying agent inlet 18 at a position corresponding to the air inlet; the air inlet is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet, and the gasifying agent inlet is positioned below the synthesis gas outlet; the gasifying agent inlet is connected with the outlet of the Roots pump I through a pipeline;

The steam outlet 4, the pyrolysis gas outlet 8, the synthesis gas outlet 10 and the gasifying agent inlet 18 are respectively provided with an anti-blocking structure 6 inside, the anti-blocking structure is a groove structure embedded in the downward opening of the inner wall of the garbage bin, and a steam collecting pipe, a pyrolysis gas collecting pipe, a synthesis gas collecting pipe and a gasifying agent distributing pipe are respectively arranged in the groove;

Example 2:

A gasification method of household garbage is carried out by adopting the device in the embodiment 1, 3 garbage bins are fed simultaneously and operated simultaneously, the operation parameters of the same stage of each garbage bin are the same, and the water content of the household garbage treated in the embodiment is 30-50%, and the gasification method comprises the following steps:

(1) And (3) drying: the compressing head 1 is used for compressing household garbage into the garbage bin 3 from the hopper 2, a heating device is not arranged between the hopper and the garbage bin, the function of the compressing head is a sealing effect, the household garbage is extruded into the garbage bin for a plurality of times every day according to the actual treatment capacity, the household garbage is put into the hopper, and all the garbage bins are simultaneously fed, and all the process parameters are the same. Starting a compression head, wherein the compression head 1 is used for compressing household garbage placed in a hopper 2 into a garbage bin 3 of a gasification furnace, the compression head is lowered to compress the household garbage into a drying section of the garbage bin, then the household garbage returns to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, a heating chamber I7 is opened to heat the household garbage in the drying section, the household garbage is dried for 6 hours at the temperature of 250 ℃, the household garbage is dried and thermally cracked to generate steam and dry garbage, a part of the steam is extracted from a steam outlet 4 to be used as a gasifying agent, and a part of the steam enters dry distillation treatment along with the dry garbage;

(2) And (3) dry distillation treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (1) is finished, continuously throwing the household garbage into a hopper, conveying the household garbage to a drying section by a compression head, returning to the top of a garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding the generated drying garbage and part of steam in the original drying section to a carbonization section by newly thrown household garbage, and continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) on materials in the drying section; dry-distilling the dry garbage extruded into the dry distillation section: the upper heating chamber II is opened to heat the dry garbage in the carbonization section, the dry garbage is subjected to carbonization treatment for 8 hours at the temperature of 650 ℃, the dry garbage is subjected to carbonization to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke, the pyrolysis gas is mainly CH ₄, and a small amount of other low-molecular hydrocarbon olefins, tar, H ₂S、NH₃ and other impurities are contained, so that part of the pyrolysis gas can be extracted from a pyrolysis gas outlet and used as energy sources of a system; part of the pyrolysis gas and steam are extracted from the pyrolysis gas outlet (8) to provide heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II, and the other part of pyrolysis gas and steam enters gasification treatment along with garbage coke;

(3) And (3) gasification treatment: after the carbonization treatment in the step (2) is finished, continuously throwing household garbage into a hopper, after the household garbage is conveyed to a drying section by a compression head in a pressing mode, returning to the top of a garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding generated dry garbage and part of steam in an original drying section to the carbonization section by newly thrown household garbage, extruding generated garbage coke, part of pyrolysis gas and part of steam in the original carbonization section to a gasification section by the dry garbage, continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) by materials in the drying section, continuously repeating the carbonization treatment in the step (2) by the materials in the carbonization section, and gasifying the garbage coke extruded into the gasification section: the steam extracted from the steam outlet 4 in the step (1) is sent into a gasification furnace section from a gasification agent inlet 18 (the steam extracted from each garbage bin returns to the garbage bin of the section to be used as a gasification agent and can also be sent to other garbage bins to be used as gasification agents), the steam existing in the garbage coke and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) are simultaneously used as the gasification agent, a lower heating chamber II is opened to heat the garbage coke in the gasification section, and the garbage coke and the steam used as the gasification agent are subjected to gasification reaction for 8 hours at 900 ℃ to generate synthetic gas (CO and H ₂ are called as synthetic gas) and gasification residues; the synthesis gas contains ammonia, sulfide and other impurities, the synthesis gas is pumped out from a synthesis gas outlet 10 and enters a purification system for purification, the purified synthesis gas is used as product gas for generating electricity or is sent into a gas pipe network for use, and when the heat provided by the pyrolysis gas cannot meet the process requirement, part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas pumped out in the step (2) are used as fuel to provide heating energy for a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II;

(4) And (3) cooling treatment: after the gasification treatment in the step (3) is finished, continuously throwing household garbage into a material head, after the household garbage is conveyed to a drying section by a compression head, returning to the top of a garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding the generated dry garbage and part of steam in an original drying section to a carbonization section by the newly thrown household garbage, extruding the generated garbage coke and part of pyrolysis gas in the original carbonization section by the dry garbage to a gasification section, extruding the generated gasification residue in the original gasification section to a cooling section by the garbage coke, continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) by the materials in the drying section, continuously repeating the carbonization treatment in the step (2) by the materials in the carbonization section, continuously repeating the gasification treatment in the step (3) by the materials in the gasification section, and carrying out gasification treatment on the gasification residue extruded into the cooling section: the cooling chamber 13 is opened to cool the gasified residues in the cooling section, after cooling to room temperature, the double-roller crusher 15 at the bottom of the cooling section is opened, the double-roller discharging device crushes the cooled gasified residues and the discharged materials fall into the bottom of the gasification furnace, the discharging valve 16 is opened, and the crushed gasified residues are discharged from the discharger through a pipeline; and continuously throwing the household garbage into the hopper to form a circulating production process.

Through detection, the main components of the pyrolysis gas collected in the step (2) are about 40% -60% of hydrogen, 20% -30% of methane, 5% -10% of carbon monoxide, 5% -10% of nitrogen and the balance of non-alkane, carbon dioxide, oxygen and partial impurities; the main components of the synthesis gas collected in the step (3) are hydrogen (40% -60%), carbon monoxide (25% -40%), and nitrogen (5% -10%), and carbon dioxide (5% -10%).

Example 3:

A gasification method of household garbage is carried out by adopting the device in the embodiment 1, A, B, C is fed all at once, but each garbage bin is in different stages, and different process parameters (process parameter phases of the same stage) are adopted. After a period of operation, the A garbage bin is in a drying stage, the B garbage bin is in a cracking stage, and the C garbage bin is in a gasification stage.

In this embodiment, 3 garbage bins are named a bin, B bin and C bin in order from left to right:

(1) Firstly, putting domestic garbage into a C bin, delivering the domestic garbage to a garbage bin drying section, a carbonization section and a gasification section by a compression head, opening a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II, drying the domestic garbage at 250 ℃ for 6 hours, only drying the whole C bin, and temporarily using steam extracted from a steam outlet;

(2) When the drying treatment of the bin C is finished, domestic garbage is put into the drying section, the carbonization section and the gasification section of the bin B; then raising the temperature of the C bin, carrying out carbonization treatment at 650 ℃ for 8 hours, and providing heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II after the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization treatment is extracted from the pyrolysis gas outlet of the C bin; simultaneously opening a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II of the B bin, drying the B bin according to the parameters of the step (1), and temporarily using steam which is generated after the drying treatment and is extracted from a steam outlet of the B bin;

(3) When the carbonization treatment of the C bin is finished, domestic garbage is put into the drying section, the carbonization section and the gasification section of the A bin; then continuously increasing the temperature of the C bin, and carrying out gasification treatment at 850 ℃ for 8 hours, wherein the C bin is in the gasification stage, and the synthesis gas generated by the gasification treatment is pumped out from a synthesis gas outlet of the C bin and then sent into a purification system; simultaneously, the temperature of the B bin is increased, the B bin is subjected to carbonization treatment according to the parameters of the step (2), at the moment, the B bin is in a cracking stage, and generated cracking gas is extracted from a cracking gas outlet of the B bin to provide heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II; simultaneously opening a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II of the A bin, wherein the A bin is subjected to drying treatment according to the parameters of the step (1), and the A bin is in a drying stage at the moment, namely, three bins are in different reaction stages at the same moment (the A garbage bin is in the drying stage, the B garbage bin is in the cracking stage, and the C garbage bin is in the gasification stage); steam generated in the drying stage of the bin A is pumped out from a steam outlet of the bin A and then enters the bin C from a gasifying agent inlet of the bin C, so as to provide gasifying agent for the bin C;

(4) C, cooling treatment is carried out after the gasification treatment of the bin is finished, discharging is carried out after the cooling treatment is finished, feeding is carried out after the discharging is finished, and the newly-fed household garbage is dried according to the operation of the step (1); the temperature of the A bin is increased when the C bin is subjected to the cooling, feeding, discharging and drying treatment, the A bin is subjected to the carbonization treatment according to the parameters of the step (2), so that the A bin is in a cracking stage, and generated cracking gas is extracted from a cracking gas outlet of the A bin to provide heating energy sources for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II; simultaneously, the temperature of the bin B is increased, the bin B carries out gasification treatment according to the parameters of the step (3), so that the bin B is in a gasification stage, and the steam required by the bin B is derived from the steam extracted from the bin C in the step (1) and the steam extracted when the new household garbage in the bin C is dried;

(5) Cooling treatment is carried out after the gasification treatment of the bin B, discharging is carried out after the cooling treatment is finished, feeding is carried out after the discharging is finished, and the newly-fed household garbage is dried according to the operation of the step (1); the temperature of the C bin is increased when the B bin is subjected to the cooling, feeding, discharging and drying treatment, so that the C bin is in a cracking stage; simultaneously, the temperature of the bin A is increased, so that the bin A is in a gasification stage, and steam required by the bin A is derived from steam extracted from the bin B in the step (2) and steam extracted when household garbage in the bin B is subjected to drying treatment;

Through the three circulation processes, three processes of drying, cracking and gasification are completed, which is called a sequencing batch production process, and the cracking gas and the synthesis gas can be collected separately, wherein the cracking gas is used as the energy source of the process, tar, H2S and the like in the gas are converted into pollution-free gases such as CO2, H2O and the like or components such as SO2 and the like which are easy to treat through combustion, and the production cost is reduced. The collected synthetic gas has fewer impurities, and the purification cost is greatly reduced.

The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the technical concept and technical features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the essence of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The household garbage gasification method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) And (3) drying: drying the household garbage at 150-250 ℃ for 6 hours; after the drying treatment is finished, the household garbage is subjected to drying thermal cracking to generate steam and dry garbage; dry garbage is subjected to carbonization treatment, one part of steam is subjected to carbonization treatment along with the dry garbage, and the other part of steam is directly extracted to be used as a gasifying agent;

(2) And (3) dry distillation treatment: dry garbage obtained after the drying treatment in the step (1) is subjected to carbonization treatment for 8 hours at the temperature of 250-800 ℃; after the carbonization treatment is finished, dry garbage is carbonized to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke; one part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is extracted to be used as heating energy, and the other part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is gasified together with garbage coke;

(3) And (3) gasification treatment: the steam in the pyrolysis gas in the step (2) and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) are used as gasifying agents at the same time, the garbage coke obtained after the carbonization treatment in the step (2) and the steam used as the gasifying agents are gasified at 800-950 ℃ to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, the pyrolysis gas is further cracked into a part of synthesis gas at high temperature, and the gasification treatment time is 8 hours; extracting the synthesis gas to purify and remove impurities, using the purified synthesis gas as product gas, and using part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas extracted in the step (2) together as heating energy when the pyrolysis gas cannot meet the process requirements;

(4) And (3) cooling treatment: and (3) cooling the gasification residue generated in the step (3) for 2 hours to room temperature and then discharging.

2. The gasification method according to claim 1, wherein the gasification method of household garbage specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) And (3) drying: putting domestic garbage into a hopper, starting a compression head, wherein the compression head (1) is used for conveying the domestic garbage placed in the hopper (2) into a garbage bin (3) of a gasification furnace in a pressing way, the compression head descends to convey the domestic garbage into a drying section of the garbage bin in a pressing way, then the domestic garbage is returned to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, a heating chamber I (7) is opened to heat the domestic garbage in the drying section, the domestic garbage is dried for 6 hours at 150-250 ℃, steam and dry garbage are generated from the domestic garbage, a part of steam is extracted from a steam outlet (4) to be used as a gasifying agent, and a part of steam enters dry distillation treatment along with the dry garbage;

(2) And (3) dry distillation treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (1) is finished, continuously throwing the household garbage into a hopper, conveying the household garbage to a drying section by a compression head, returning to the top of a garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding the generated drying garbage and part of steam in the original drying section to a carbonization section by newly thrown household garbage, and continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) on materials in the drying section; dry-distilling the dry garbage extruded into the dry distillation section: opening an upper heating chamber II to heat the dry garbage in the carbonization section, carrying out carbonization treatment on the dry garbage for 8 hours at the temperature of 250-800 ℃, carrying out carbonization treatment on the dry garbage to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke, wherein part of pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is extracted from a pyrolysis gas outlet (8) to provide heating energy sources for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II, and the other part of pyrolysis gas mixed with steam enters gasification treatment along with the garbage coke;

(3) And (3) gasification treatment: after the carbonization treatment in the step (2) is finished, continuously throwing household garbage into a hopper, after the household garbage is conveyed to a drying section by a compression head in a pressing mode, returning to the top of a garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding generated dry garbage and part of steam in an original drying section to the carbonization section by the newly thrown household garbage, extruding generated garbage coke and part of pyrolysis gas containing steam in the original carbonization section to a gasification section by the dry garbage, continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) on materials in the drying section, continuously repeating the carbonization treatment in the step (2) on the materials in the carbonization section, and carrying out gasification treatment on the garbage coke extruded into the gasification section: the steam extracted from the steam outlet (4) in the step (1) is sent into a gasification section from a gasifying agent inlet (18), the steam contained in the pyrolysis gas and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) are used as gasifying agents at the same time, a lower heating chamber II is opened to heat garbage coke in the gasification section, the garbage coke and the steam used as the gasifying agents are subjected to gasification reaction for 8 hours at 800-950 ℃ to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, and the pyrolysis gas is further cracked at high temperature to become a part of synthesis gas; the synthesis gas is pumped out from a synthesis gas outlet (10) and enters a purification system for purification, the purified and purified synthesis gas is taken as product gas for power generation or is sent into a gas pipe network for use, and when the pyrolysis gas does not meet the process requirement, part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas pumped out in the step (2) are taken as fuel to provide heating energy for a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II;

(4) And (3) cooling treatment: after the gasification treatment in the step (3) is finished, continuously throwing household garbage into a hopper, after the household garbage is conveyed to a drying section by a compression head in a pressing mode, returning to the top of a garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding generated dry garbage and part of steam in an original drying section to a carbonization section by newly thrown household garbage, extruding generated garbage coke and part of pyrolysis gas containing steam in the original carbonization section to a gasification section by the dry garbage, extruding generated gasification residues in the original gasification section to a cooling section by the garbage coke, continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) by materials in the drying section, continuously repeating the carbonization treatment in the step (2) by materials in the carbonization section, continuously repeating the gasification treatment in the step (3) by the materials in the gasification section, and performing gasification treatment on the gasification residues extruded into the cooling section: the cooling chamber (13) is opened to cool the gasified residues in the cooling section, after cooling for 2 hours to room temperature, a double-roller crusher (15) at the bottom of the cooling section is opened, the double-roller discharging device crushes the cooled gasified residues and the discharged materials fall into the bottom of the gasification furnace, a discharging valve (16) is opened, and the crushed gasified residues are discharged from the discharger through a pipeline; and continuously throwing the household garbage into the hopper to form a circulating production process.

3. The gasification method according to claim 1, wherein the gasification method of household garbage specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) And (3) drying: starting a compression head, wherein the compression head (1) is used for compressing household garbage placed in a hopper (2) into a garbage bin (3) of a gasification furnace, the compression head is lowered to compress the household garbage into a drying section, a carbonization section and a gasification section which are distributed from top to bottom of the garbage bin, a heating chamber I (7) and a heating chamber II (9) are opened to heat the household garbage in the garbage bin, and the household garbage is dried for 6 hours at the temperature of 150-250 ℃; after the drying treatment is finished, the household garbage is subjected to drying thermal cracking to generate steam and dried garbage, a part of the steam is used as a gasifying agent through a steam outlet (4), and a part of the steam is subjected to carbonization treatment along with the dried garbage;

(2) And (3) dry distillation treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (1) is finished, opening a heating chamber I (7) and a heating chamber II (9) to heat the dried garbage in the garbage bin, and carrying out dry distillation treatment on the dried garbage at the temperature of 250-800 ℃ for 8 hours; after the carbonization treatment is finished, dry garbage is carbonized to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke; part of the pyrolysis gas containing steam is extracted from a pyrolysis gas outlet (8) to provide heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II, and the other part of pyrolysis gas containing steam is gasified together with garbage coke;

(3) And (3) gasification treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (2) is finished, opening a heating chamber I (7) and a heating chamber II (9) to heat the garbage coke in the garbage bin, simultaneously, sending steam extracted in the step (1) into the garbage bin through a gasifying agent inlet (18), enabling the steam existing in the garbage coke and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) to be used as gasifying agents at the same time, and carrying out gasification reaction on the garbage coke and the steam used as the gasifying agents at 800-950 ℃ for 8 hours to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, wherein the pyrolysis gas is further cracked at high temperature so as to become part of the synthesis gas; purifying the pyrolysis gas after being extracted from a synthesis gas outlet (10), wherein the purified and removed impurities are used as product gas for generating electricity or being sent into a gas pipe network for use, and when the pyrolysis gas does not meet the process requirements, part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas extracted in the step (2) are used as fuel to provide heating energy sources for a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II;

(4) And (3) cooling treatment: starting a compression head, descending the compression head to press and send gasified residues to a cooling section of a garbage bin, returning to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, cooling the gasified residues in the cooling section by a cooling chamber (13), opening a double-roller crusher (15) at the bottom of the cooling section after cooling for 2h to room temperature, crushing the cooled gasified residues by a double-roller discharging device, discharging the crushed gasified residues to the bottom of a gasification furnace, opening a discharging valve (16), and discharging the crushed gasified residues from a discharger through a pipeline.

4. A gasification method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the domestic waste has a moisture content of not less than 30% and is supplemented with moisture to meet gasification requirements when the moisture content of the waste is insufficient.

5. A domestic waste gasification equipment, the main part is the gasifier, its characterized in that:

The gasification furnace comprises a cube section and a rectangular pyramid section from top to bottom, and the cube section and the rectangular pyramid section are communicated with each other; at least 3 garbage bins with the same structure are arranged in the three-dimensional segment; the tail end of the rectangular pyramid section is provided with a discharge valve (16), the outer part of the rectangular pyramid section is provided with a water seal groove (17), and the discharge valve is positioned in the water seal groove;

The garbage bin is of a vertical sheet cuboid structure, and a plurality of garbage bins are arranged in the horizontal direction; the garbage bin is characterized in that a V-shaped hopper (2) is arranged at the top end of the garbage bin, the hopper is communicated with the inside of the garbage bin, a compression head (1) capable of sliding up and down along the garbage bin is arranged in the hopper, the compression head is connected with a compressor, the compressor is arranged above the hopper, and the compression head slides downwards to press garbage in the material head into the garbage bin; the garbage bin, the bin body from top to bottom divide into dry section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling section, and dry section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling section communicate with each other, wherein: the outside of the drying section is provided with a heating chamber I (7), the outside of the carbonization section and the gasification section is provided with a heating chamber II (9), and the outside of the cooling section is provided with a cooling chamber (13);

The tail end of the garbage bin is provided with a pair-roller crusher (15), and the cooling section is positioned above the pair-roller crusher (15); the shearing shaft of the double-roller crusher is used as the bin bottom of the garbage bin cooling section, and rotates when discharging is needed, so that gasified residues are crushed and discharged to the discharge valve;

The outer wall of the drying section is provided with an air outlet I; the outer wall of the carbonization section is provided with an air outlet II; the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air outlet III; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a steam outlet (4), a pyrolysis gas outlet (8) and a synthesis gas outlet (10) at positions corresponding to the air outlet I, the air outlet II and the air outlet III from top to bottom; the gas outlet I is communicated with the steam outlet (4), the gas outlet II is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet (8), and the gas outlet III is communicated with the synthesis gas outlet (10); the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air inlet; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a gasifying agent inlet (18) at a position corresponding to the air inlet; the air inlet is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet, and the gasifying agent inlet is positioned below the synthesis gas outlet; the steam outlet (4), the pyrolysis gas outlet (8), the synthesis gas outlet (10) and the gasifying agent inlet (18) are respectively provided with an anti-blocking structure (6) inside, the anti-blocking structure is a groove-shaped structure which is embedded in the downward opening of the inner wall of the garbage bin, and the steam collecting pipe, the pyrolysis gas collecting pipe, the synthesis gas collecting pipe and the gasifying agent distributing pipe are respectively arranged in the groove.

6. A gasification apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein: the water seal tank (17) is of a hollow tank body structure with an opening, a hole is formed in the bottom of the water seal tank, a discharging pipe is inserted in the hole, the input end of the discharging pipe is communicated with the air locking discharging valve, and the output end of the discharging pipe is connected with a discharger; the outside of the pipe body of the discharging pipe is in sealing connection with the hole, water is contained in the water seal groove, and the height of the water level is higher than the vertical height of the discharging valve.

7. A gasification apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein: the steam outlet (4) is connected with a steam pipeline, the tail end of the steam pipeline is connected with a Roots pump I, and the outlet of the Roots pump I is connected with a steam storage device and/or a device needing steam as a gasifying agent through a pipeline; the cracking gas outlet (8) is connected with a cracking gas pipeline, the tail end of the cracking gas pipeline is connected with a Roots pump II, and the outlet of the Roots pump II is connected with a device for storing cracking gas and/or needing the cracking gas as a heating energy source through a pipeline; the synthesis gas outlet (10) is connected with a synthesis gas pipeline, the tail end of the synthesis gas pipeline is connected with a Roots pump III, and the outlet of the Roots pump III is connected with a power generation device or a gas pipe network or a device needing synthesis gas through a pipeline; the gasifying agent inlet is connected with the outlet of the Roots pump I through a pipeline.

8. A gasification apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein: the heating chamber II (9) comprises an upper heating chamber II and a lower heating chamber II from top to bottom, wherein the upper heating chamber II is used for heating in a carbonization section, and the lower heating chamber II is used for heating in a gasification section; the heating chamber I (7), the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II have the same structure: the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with an outlet I and an inlet I from top to bottom, and a heating gas discharge port (5) and a heating gas inlet (11) are arranged at positions corresponding to the outlet I and the inlet I from top to bottom; heating energy enters the heating chamber I (7), the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II through the heating gas inlet (11) to respectively provide energy sources for the heating chamber I, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II, and gas generated after combustion is discharged through the heating gas discharge port; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a preheating air outlet (12) and a preheating air inlet (14) at positions corresponding to the outlet II and the inlet II from top to bottom;

cold air enters the cooling chamber through the preheated air inlet (14), and heated hot air generated after heating is discharged through the preheated air outlet (12).