CN113848518A - Transient response-based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种基于暂态响应的变压器励磁饱和特性的评估方法，包括：测量开关合闸过程中变压器各相的相电流；根据所述相电流得到所述变压器各相的励磁电流；根据所述励磁电流，建立磁通量与励磁电流的函数曲线；根据所述函数曲线确定所述变压器的饱和电感值。应用该方法能够对变压器励磁饱和特性进行更准确的评估，以便更好的了解变压器在饱和状态下的行为，以及更好的了解系统复电方案在开关操作期间所承担的风险。本申请还公开了一种基于暂态响应的变压器励磁饱和特性的评估装置、设备以及计算机可读存储介质，均具有上述技术效果。
The present application discloses an evaluation method for transformer excitation saturation characteristics based on transient response, including: measuring the phase current of each phase of the transformer during the closing process of the switch; obtaining the excitation current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current; For the excitation current, a function curve between the magnetic flux and the excitation current is established; the saturation inductance value of the transformer is determined according to the function curve. The application of this method enables a more accurate assessment of the transformer excitation saturation characteristics, a better understanding of the transformer's behavior in saturation, and a better understanding of the risks borne by the system restoration scheme during switching operations. The present application also discloses a transient response-based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation device, device, and computer-readable storage medium, all of which have the above technical effects.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of transformers, in particular to a transient response-based method for evaluating excitation saturation characteristics of a transformer; also relates to a transient response-based evaluation device, equipment and a computer-readable storage medium for the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer.
Background
Transformers are important devices in power systems, and their ability to safely operate is directly related to the stability of the entire power system. Sudden transformer power failure may cause saturation of the core, resulting in low frequency high inrush resonance overvoltage, which may cause malfunction of transformer protection and may even damage related equipment. Such as damage to the dielectric, the generation of very large electrodynamic forces on the winding can cause the winding to deform and eventually fail the entire restoration scheme. Therefore, it is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a method for accurately evaluating the transformer excitation saturation characteristics so as to better understand the behavior of the transformer in the saturation state and the risk of the system power restoration scheme during the switching operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining a transient response, evaluating the excitation saturation characteristic of the transformer based on the transient response, and obtaining the transient response. Another object of the present application is to provide an apparatus, a device and a computer-readable storage medium for evaluating transformer excitation saturation characteristics based on transient response, all of which have the above technical effects.
In order to solve the technical problem, the present application provides a transient response-based method for evaluating transformer excitation saturation characteristics, including:
measuring phase currents of all phases of a transformer in the switching-on process of a switch;
obtaining the exciting current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current;
establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
Optionally, the obtaining the excitation current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current includes:
obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current;
and obtaining the exciting current according to the transformer internal current, the phase current and the functional relation between the transformer internal current, the phase current and the exciting current.
Optionally, the obtaining of the transformer internal current according to the phase current includes:
if the phase currents of all phases of the transformer are equal, the internal current of the transformer is equal to the phase current of any phase;
and if the phase currents of all phases of the transformer are unequal, the internal current of the transformer is equal to the phase current of the unsaturated phase.
Optionally, the measuring phase currents of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch includes:
and measuring phase currents of all phases of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and calculating to obtain a confidence interval of the saturated inductance value.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application further provides an evaluation apparatus for transformer excitation saturation characteristics based on transient response, including:
the measuring module is used for measuring phase currents of all phases at the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switch-on process of the switch;
the calculation module is used for obtaining the exciting current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current;
the establishing module is used for establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
and the determining module is used for determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
Optionally, the calculation module includes:
the first calculation unit is used for obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current;
and the second calculation unit is used for obtaining the exciting current according to the internal current and the phase current of the transformer and the functional relation between the internal current and the phase current of the transformer and the exciting current.
Optionally, the first calculating unit is specifically configured to determine that the current in the transformer is equal to the phase current of any phase if the phase currents of the phases of the transformer are equal to each other; and if the phase currents of all phases of the transformer are unequal, the internal current of the transformer is equal to the phase current of the unsaturated phase.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application further provides an evaluation apparatus for transformer excitation saturation characteristics, including:
a memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for implementing the steps of the transient response based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation method as described in any one of the above when the computer program is executed.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, having a computer program stored thereon, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the transient response-based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation method according to any one of the above.
The transient response-based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation method provided by the application comprises the following steps: measuring phase currents of all phases of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch; obtaining the exciting current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current; establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current; and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
Therefore, the transient response-based method for evaluating the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer obtains the excitation current of each phase of the transformer on the basis of measuring the phase current of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch, and further obtains the saturation inductance value of the transformer, so that the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer are accurately evaluated, and a theoretical basis can be provided for analyzing the iron core saturation generated in the sudden power-on process of the transformer and the risk caused in the later period.
The transient response-based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation device, the transient response-based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation equipment and the computer-readable storage medium have the technical effects.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the prior art and the embodiments are briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for evaluating transformer excitation saturation characteristics based on transient response according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a position of a measurement point according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a simplified model diagram of a high-voltage side of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for evaluating transformer excitation saturation characteristics based on transient response according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an evaluation device for transformer excitation saturation characteristics based on transient response according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The core of the application is to provide an evaluation method of the transformer excitation saturation characteristic based on transient response, which can evaluate the transformer excitation saturation characteristic more accurately so as to better understand the behavior of the transformer in the saturation state and the risk of the system power restoration scheme in the switching operation period. Another core of the present application is to provide an apparatus, a device and a computer-readable storage medium for evaluating transformer excitation saturation characteristics based on transient response, all of which have the above technical effects.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a transient response-based method for evaluating transformer excitation saturation characteristics according to an embodiment of the present application, and referring to fig. 1, the method mainly includes:
s101: measuring phase currents of all phases of a transformer in the switching-on process of a switch;
specifically, according to initial conditions of a transformer test (including closing time of a circuit breaker and residual magnetic flux when the circuit breaker is closed), a transformer which is just powered on is often forced to enter a saturation state under the action of a large exciting current, and the exciting current usually reaches several times of a rated value. In order to subsequently evaluate the saturation characteristic of the transformer, the method firstly measures and records the transient electric quantity at the closing moment of the switch, namely the breaker, so as to obtain the phase current of each phase of the transformer in the closing morning of the switch.
In a specific embodiment, the measuring phase currents of each phase of the transformer during a closing process of the switch includes: and measuring phase currents of all phases of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch.
In particular, referring to FIG. 2, which illustrates the location of the measurement points, FIG. 2 may have a sampling frequency of 5 kHz. Therein, the phase voltage at the high voltage side of the transformer is typically measurable by a voltage transformer located upstream of the switch. The phase current can be measured by a special current transformer, so that the current transformer is in a low saturation state within a period of time after the breaker, namely a switch, is switched on.
S102: obtaining the exciting current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current;
specifically, on the basis of measuring and obtaining phase currents of each phase on the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switch-on process of the switch, the excitation current of the corresponding phase is further obtained according to the measured phase currents.
In a specific embodiment, the method for obtaining the excitation current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current comprises the following steps:
obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current;
and obtaining the exciting current according to the transformer internal current, the phase current and the functional relation between the transformer internal current, the phase current and the exciting current.
Specifically, referring to FIG. 3, IkThe phase current on the high-voltage side of the transformer, which is the current flowing on the high-voltage side of the transformer, is shown, and k is a, B, and C. I isAPhase current of phase A, IBPhase current of B phase, ICPhase current of the C phase is shown. I ismagRepresenting the excitation current of the transformer, IdeltaIs the transformer internal current. U shapeHVAnd UmagThe phase voltage and the excitation voltage on the high-voltage side of the transformer are respectively. RHVAnd LHVResistance and leakage inductance, R, of the high-voltage side winding of the transformermagAnd LmagRespectively, the resistance and the non-resistance of the transformer coreA linear inductance. The three-phase Ynd11 transformer applies the same current in the three phases at the low-voltage side in the no-load state, i.e. I of each phasedeltaIs equal due to the passage of RmagIs negligible, the excitation current for each phase can be expressed as follows:
Imag,k＝Ik-Idelta； (1)
k is A, B, C. When k is A, Imag,kRepresents the excitation current of the A phase; for the same reason, when k is B, Imag,kRepresents the excitation current of the B phase; when k is C, Imag,kThe excitation current of the C phase is shown.
This is obtained by observation in an experiment: at any time A, B, C at least one of the three phases is not saturated. Unsaturated phases will have very weak excitation currents, which are negligible compared to other currents. Therefore, based on the above-mentioned characteristics of the unsaturated phase, I can be approximateddeltaAnd IkAre equal. Thus, at any time, IdeltaWill always equal I of a certain phasek。
For any time t, if phase current I of each phasekAre all equal, i.e. no saturation of the phases occurs, at which point I is considereddelta(t)＝Ik(t) of (d). If t is1＜t＜t2When the phase current of one phase is increased significantly, i.e. one phase is saturated, and the other two phases are not saturated, IdeltaEqual to the phase current of the unsaturated phase. If t is1＜t＜t2When two phases are saturated, IdeltaEqual to the phase current of the unsaturated phase.
According to the above IdeltaIn relation to the phase current, I can be obtaineddeltaThe time-dependent curve, and further the excitation current of each phase can be derived from the above equation (1).
S103: establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
specifically, on the basis of obtaining the exciting current, a function curve of the magnetic flux and the exciting current is further established, namely a saturation curve of the transformer is established.
The magnetic flux can be calculated by a high-voltage side voltage value and a high-voltage side current value measured by a high-voltage side. The expression for the calculated magnetic flux φ is as follows:
φ(t)＝-∫Umag(t)dt+C
wherein, UHVAnd UmagThe high-side voltage and the excitation voltage, I, respectively, measured at the high-side of the transformer shown in FIG. 3kThe current flowing in the high-voltage side, L, measured for the high-voltage side of the transformerHVAnd RHVThe high-voltage side leakage inductance and the winding resistance, and C is an integral constant. The integral constant C, which is reflected in the saturation curve, is a vertical offset effect whose value depends on the circuit breaker closing time and the residual flux of the transformer. To determine this constant, the plotted saturation curve is adjusted vertically to pass the last point deduced by the no-load test. The last point derived by the no-load test is the actual maximum flux obtained when the transformer core is not saturated.
For the specific way of establishing the function curve of the magnetic flux and the excitation current, the detailed description is omitted here, and any method in the art for establishing the function curve of the magnetic flux and the excitation current may be adopted.
S104: and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
Specifically, after a function curve of the magnetic flux and the excitation current is established, the phase with the highest saturation degree (i.e., the highest current) is selected to determine the saturation inductance (i.e., the slope of the saturation curve under the high saturation condition). For the saturation magnetic flux, if the saturation magnetic flux exceeds the saturation magnetic flux, the iron core is considered to be completely saturated, that is, the saturation curve is linearly changed, and all points above the saturation magnetic flux are fitted by using a least square regression method, so that the saturation slope (that is, the saturation inductance value) is determined.
When the iron core is not saturated, the magnetic flux and the exciting current are basically in a linear relation; if the iron core is saturated, the increment of the exciting current is far larger than that of the magnetic flux (the curve has obvious turning points), and the magnetic flux at the turning points can be selected as the saturated magnetic flux.
In addition, the saturation magnetic flux can be calculated by the rated induction intensity of the transformer and the saturation induction intensity of the iron core, and the specific expression is as follows:
in the above formula, phisatFor saturation magnetic flux, UrIs rated voltage of high voltage side of transformer, omega is angular frequency, BsatAnd BrThe saturation induction intensity of the iron core and the rated induction intensity of the transformer are respectively. In order to be able to determine the saturation inductance from the test data, the flux of the transformer should at least exceed its saturation flux during the test.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the method further includes:
and calculating to obtain a confidence interval of the saturated inductance value.
Specifically, by performing the above steps, the saturation inductance value and the corresponding full saturation starting point of the transformer under each transformer saturation test can be obtained. To obtain a more accurate value, the following are relied upon: 1. accurately measuring voltage and current in the test process; 2. uncertainties introduced during data processing (e.g. I)deltaAnd an estimate of magnetic flux); 3. the degree of saturation reached by the transformer in the test.
To obtain a more accurate value of the saturation inductance, the data of several tests of the same transformer can be further processed. The mean and standard deviation of a set of saturated inductance values calculated from n independent experiments can be expressed as:
where n is the number of tests, inductance
The mean value of the saturated inductances for n experiments is shown, and σ represents the standard deviation. Assume saturated inductance value LsatThe calculated value of (a) follows a normal distribution,
subject to t distribution with degree of freedom n-1, the inductance value L is saturatedsatThe confidence interval of the mean may be expressed as:
in the formula, k is a function of the confidence interval and the number of tests, and the value thereof is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In probability theory and statistics, t-distributions are used to estimate the mean of a population with a normal distribution and unknown variance from small samples. As can be seen from table 1, for a given confidence interval, the greater the number of samples or trials, the greater the confidence interval can be reduced (the smaller the value of k), and thus a more accurate confidence interval can be obtained.
In summary, the transient response-based method for evaluating transformer excitation saturation characteristics provided by the present application includes: measuring phase currents of all phases of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch; obtaining the exciting current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current; establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current; and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve. Therefore, the transient response-based method for evaluating the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer obtains the excitation current of each phase of the transformer on the basis of measuring the phase current of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch, and further obtains the saturation inductance value of the transformer, so that the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer are accurately evaluated, and a theoretical basis can be provided for analyzing the iron core saturation generated in the sudden power-on process of the transformer and the risk caused in the later period.
The application also provides a transient response-based evaluation device for transformer excitation saturation characteristics, and the device described below can be correspondingly referred to with the method described above. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for evaluating transformer saturation characteristics based on transient response according to an embodiment of the present application, and with reference to fig. 4, the apparatus includes:
the measuring module 10 is used for measuring phase currents of all phases at the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switch-on process of the switch;
the calculation module 20 is configured to obtain an excitation current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current;
an establishing module 30, configured to establish a function curve of a magnetic flux and an excitation current according to the excitation current;
a determining module 40, configured to determine a saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
On the basis of the above embodiment, optionally, the calculating module 20 includes:
the first calculation unit is used for obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current;
and the second calculation unit is used for obtaining the exciting current according to the internal current and the phase current of the transformer and the functional relation between the internal current and the phase current of the transformer and the exciting current.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, optionally, the first calculating unit is specifically configured to, if phase currents of the phases of the transformer are equal, determine that the internal current of the transformer is equal to the phase current of any phase; and if the phase currents of all phases of the transformer are unequal, the internal current of the transformer is equal to the phase current of the unsaturated phase.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, optionally, the measurement module 10 is specifically configured to:
and measuring phase currents of all phases of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch.
On the basis of the above embodiment, optionally, the method further includes:
and the confidence interval calculation module is used for calculating the confidence interval of the saturated inductance value.
The evaluation device for the transformer excitation saturation characteristics based on the transient response obtains the excitation current of each phase of the transformer on the basis of the phase current of each phase of the transformer in the switch-on process of the switch by measuring the phase current of each phase of the transformer, further obtains the saturation inductance value of the transformer, thereby realizing accurate evaluation of the transformer excitation saturation characteristics, and providing a theoretical basis for analyzing iron core saturation generated in the transformer sudden power-on process and risks caused in the later period.
The application also provides a transient response-based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation device, which comprises a memory 1 and a processor 2, and is shown in fig. 5.
A memory 1 for storing a computer program;
a processor 2 for executing a computer program to implement the steps of:
measuring phase currents of all phases of a transformer in the switching-on process of a switch;
obtaining the exciting current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current;
establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
For the introduction of the device provided in the present application, please refer to the above method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
The present application further provides a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, performs the steps of:
measuring phase currents of all phases of a transformer in the switching-on process of a switch;
obtaining the exciting current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current;
establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
The computer-readable storage medium may include: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
For the introduction of the computer-readable storage medium provided in the present application, please refer to the above method embodiments, which are not described herein again.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner in the specification, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device, the apparatus and the computer-readable storage medium disclosed by the embodiments correspond to the method disclosed by the embodiments, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the description of the method.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The transient response-based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation method, device, equipment and computer-readable storage medium provided by the application are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present application are explained herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core idea of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several improvements and modifications to the present application without departing from the principle of the present application, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.
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