CN113846262B - Seamless steel tube for automobile integral hollow transmission half shaft and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Seamless steel tube for automobile integral hollow transmission half shaft and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
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Abstract
A seamless steel tube for an integral hollow transmission half shaft for an automobile and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed, and the seamless steel tube comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.32 to 0.37 percent of C, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Si, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of Mn, 0.9 to 1.2 percent of Cr, 0.15 to 0.3 percent of Mo, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of Ti, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Al, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities; and, the need to satisfy simultaneously: (C + Mn/6) = 0.42-0.48%; (Mo + Cr) = 1.1-1.35%. The seamless steel pipe has the yield strength of 350-450 MPa, the tensile strength of 550-650 MPa and the elongation of more than or equal to 22 percent; the high-load-torsion fatigue life of the seamless steel pipe is more than or equal to 2600 times (the torque is 1824Nm, and the frequency is 0.8 Hz); the medium-load torsion fatigue life is more than or equal to 56000 times (the torque is 1152Nm, and the frequency is 2 Hz); the static torsion breaking torque is more than or equal to 3240Nm. The steel pipe has good plasticity, meets the requirements of subsequent rotary swaging processing, and also meets the high-load, medium-load torsion fatigue and static torsion fatigue tests required by the service of a transmission shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to seamless steel tube manufacturing, in particular to an integral hollow transmission half-axle tube for an automobile and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Automotive drive axle shafts are key automotive components used on vehicles to transmit power to the wheels. One end of the differential is connected with wheels, and the other end of the differential is connected with a differential in a gearbox or a differential in a transfer case. The function of the device is to transmit the torque output by the engine to wheels through a gearbox so as to drive a vehicle; meanwhile, the transmission shaft can swing and slide transversely along with the steering of the wheels and the jumping of the wheels.
The transmission half shaft is used as an important component of an automobile constant-speed universal transmission shaft assembly and bears the periodic load action of high frequency and high torque in the working process.
Compared with the traditional solid half shaft, the hollow shaft tube has the advantages of light weight, high torsional rigidity, high critical rotating speed, long fatigue life and the like, and is widely applied to modern high-performance cars.
The integral hollow automobile transmission half shaft processed by the rotary swaging process has the highest potential harmony of natural bending frequency and torsional rigidity under the condition of lowest weight.
Chinese patent publication No. CN104962838A discloses "a high-strength steel, high-strength plastic seamless steel tube for automobile transmission half-shaft and manufacturing method thereof", which comprises the following chemical components: 0.07-0.15%; si:0.1 to 1.0 percent; mn:2.0 to 2.6 percent; ni:0.05 to 0.6 percent; cr:0.2 to 1.0 percent; mo:0.1 to 0.6 percent; 0.001-0.006% of B; cu:0.05 to 0.50 percent; al:0.015-0.060%; nb:0.02 to 0.1 percent; v:0.02 to 0.15 percent; the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities. The steel pipe is produced by adopting a cold drawing or cold rolling mode, and the strength of the steel pipe is more than 1000MPa by adopting air quenching and tempering. But the driveshaft tube is used for a non-integral driveshaft tube.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integral hollow automobile transmission half-axle tube for an automobile and a manufacturing method thereof, which not only ensure that a steel tube has good plasticity and meets the subsequent rotary swaging processing requirements, but also meet the high-load, medium-load torsion fatigue and static torsion fatigue tests required by the service of a transmission shaft.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the seamless steel tube for the integral hollow transmission half shaft for the automobile comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities; and, the need to satisfy simultaneously:
(C+Mn/6)＝0.42～0.48％；
(Mo+Cr)＝1.1～1.35％。
the microstructure of the seamless steel tube for the integral hollow transmission half shaft for the automobile is ferrite and pearlite, wherein cementite in the pearlite is flaky.
The yield strength of the seamless steel pipe of the transmission half shaft is 350-450 MPa, the tensile strength is 550-650 MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 22%.
The high-load torsion fatigue life of the seamless steel pipe of the transmission half shaft is more than or equal to 2600 times (the torque is 1824Nm, and the frequency is 0.8 Hz); the medium-load torsion fatigue life is more than or equal to 56000 times (the torque is 1152Nm, and the frequency is 2 Hz); the static torsion breaking torque is more than or equal to 3240Nm.
In the component design of the automobile transmission semi-axle tube, the following components are adopted:
c: is one of the main elements for improving the strength of steel, and can effectively improve the strength of steel through the formation of carbide, and the addition cost is low. When the C content is too low, the effect of improving the strength and hardness of the steel is insignificant, but when the C content is too high, the toughness of the steel is greatly reduced. In the technical scheme of the invention, the content of the C element needs to be controlled to be 0.32-0.37 wt.%.
Si: as a reducing agent and a deoxidizer in a steel making process, the deoxidizer does not form carbide in steel, has high solid solubility in steel, and can strengthen ferrite in the steel to improve the strength of the steel. However, once the silicon content exceeds 0.4wt.%, the toughness of the steel pipe, especially the low-temperature impact toughness of the steel pipe, is greatly reduced. Therefore, the Si content should be controlled to 0.2 to 0.4wt.%.
Mn: the strength of steel is improved mainly by solid solution strengthening. Increasing the Mn content enables the transformation temperature of the steel to be lowered and the transformation critical cooling rate to be reduced, but when the Mn content is too high, the structure segregation in the material tends to be severe. In order to fully exert the beneficial effects of Mn and to suppress its harmful effects, the Mn content is set to 0.6 to 0.9wt.% in the present technical scheme. The carbon equivalent of the material is a key factor influencing the strength after subsequent heat treatment, wherein carbon and manganese are the main parts of the carbon equivalent of the low-alloy steel, the strength and the safety performance of the shaft tube can be influenced if the carbon and the manganese are too low, and the plasticity of the material can be influenced if the carbon and the manganese are too high, so that the swaging processing of the shaft tube can be influenced. Therefore, the range is controlled to be 0.42% to (C + Mn/6) to 0.48%.
Cr: is a forming element of medium-strength carbide. It can improve the strength and hardenability of steel, and can also improve the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of materials. Since too high Cr content increases the hardness of the steel considerably and reduces the toughness and plasticity of the steel, the addition of Cr element needs to be controlled to a content of 0.9 to 1.2wt.%.
Mo: the steel has the effects of solid solution strengthening and improving the hardenability of the steel. When the content of Mo reaches 0.05wt.%, the Mo has obvious effects of solid solution strengthening and hardenability improvement, and the content is controlled to be 0.15-0.3 wt.% in consideration of cost. In order to ensure that a transmission shaft safely transmits larger torque in high-speed operation and simultaneously reduces the dead weight of the shaft tube, the strength of the steel tube is improved by adopting quenching and tempering heat treatment after rotary swaging. The addition of Cr and Mo is one of the effective methods for improving the strength and the hardenability of the shaft tube, but for the integral hollow transmission shaft tube, the high strength can reduce the toughness of the material and influence the subsequent rotary swaging processing, so the upper limit and the lower limit of the shaft tube are controlled to be between 1.1 and 1.35 percent (Mo and Cr).
Ti: strong carbonitride forming elements, and a small amount of Ti is added to form TiN and TiC which can refine austenite grains in the soaking and reheating processes, so that the strength and the fatigue property of the steel are improved; if the content is too high, formability of the steel is not good, and the content is controlled to 0.005 to 0.01wt.% in consideration of cost.
Al: al is a good element for deoxidizing and fixing nitrogen, can refine grains, and is controlled to be 0.02-0.05% by the technical scheme.
P and S are harmful elements strictly controlled by the invention. They are prone to form inclusions which, on the one hand, are detrimental to the strength and toughness of the material and, on the other hand, tend to cause defects in cold working leading to fracture and must therefore be limited as closely as possible to control P.ltoreq.0.015 wt.% and S.ltoreq.0.005 wt.%.
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an integral hollow transmission half-shaft seamless steel tube for an automobile, which comprises the following steps:
1) Tube blank manufacture
Smelting and casting according to the components to obtain a tube blank;
2) Hot piercing, namely obtaining a hot-rolled mother pipe through a pipe mill and a tension reducing mill;
3) Annealing the mother tube at 700-750 deg.c for 30-60 min;
4) Acid washing and lubricating;
5) Cold rolling to the finished product specification, wherein the rolling elongation coefficient is 1.5-3;
6) Heat treatment of finished product
Annealing heat treatment is carried out on the finished product pipe under the protective atmosphere, the annealing temperature is 830-880 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-20 min, and then the finished product pipe is cooled to below Ar1 at the cooling speed of 30-50 ℃/min.
Preferably, in the step 2), the heating temperature of the tube blank is 1240-1290 ℃, and the tube blank is soaked for 30-90 min.
Preferably, in the step 5) cold rolling step, the rolling elongation coefficient is 2 to 2.5.
Preferably, in the step 6), in the heat treatment process of the finished product, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen-based mixed gas N 2+ H 2+ CO, CO content ratio 3.5-5%, H 2 The content ratio is 10-20%, and the rest is N 2 Meanwhile, the oxygen content in the furnace is less than or equal to 10ppm, and the dew point is less than or equal to minus 10 ℃.
In the manufacturing method of the present invention:
the mother tube annealing process does not adopt complete or incomplete annealing at higher temperature, but adopts 700-750 ℃, and is mainly based on two considerations: firstly, the decarburization of the inner wall and the outer wall of the steel pipe is easily caused by high-temperature heat treatment, the subsequent treatment is difficult, and the twisting and fatigue life of the finished pipe is influenced; secondly, on the basis of hot rolling in the former process, the temperature section is adopted for heat treatment, which is equivalent to high-temperature tempering, has good effects on reducing the hardness and improving the plasticity of the steel pipe, and is beneficial to deformation of subsequent cold processing.
The heat treatment process of the invention heats the steel pipe to 30-80 ℃ above Ac3 to transform the structure of the steel pipe into austenite, keeps the temperature for 10-20 min to fully homogenize the austenite structure, and controls the proportion of ferrite and cementite and the form of carbide in the final structure through the certain cooling speed, thereby achieving certain mechanical property and ensuring that the form of carbide is still flaky.
The heat treatment atmosphere is nitrogen-based mixed gas N 2+ H 2+ CO, CO content ratio 3.5-5%, H 2 The content ratio is 10-20%, and the rest is N 2 Meanwhile, the oxygen content in the furnace is less than or equal to 10ppm, and the dew point is less than or equal to minus 10 ℃. Under the atmosphere condition, the decarburization phenomenon does not occur on the inner and outer walls of the steel pipe. The surface decarburization can reduce the surface hardness of the steel pipe, so that microcracks are easy to grow under the load of alternating stress in the subsequent service process, and the fatigue life of the shaft pipe is reduced.
The seamless steel tube for the automobile integral hollow transmission half shaft meets the following mechanical property requirements: the yield strength is 350-450 MPa, the tensile strength is 550-650 MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 22%.
Simultaneously: the high and medium load torsion and static torsion service life required by the transmission shaft tube is met:
(1) The high-load torsion fatigue life is more than or equal to 2600 (test conditions are that the torque is 1824Nm and the frequency is 0.8 Hz);
(2) The medium-load torsion fatigue life is more than or equal to 56000 (test conditions are that the torque is 1152Nm and the frequency is 2 Hz);
(3) The static torsion breaking torque is more than or equal to 3240Nm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the addition of trace Ti element is used for refining crystal grains, the strength of the shaft tube is improved, the upper and lower limit ranges of C + Mn/6 and Mo + Cr are limited, the expected strength is achieved, and the certain toughness is ensured. In the aspect of process control, low-temperature intermediate annealing and control of heat treatment temperature and cooling speed under the condition of finished product protective atmosphere are adopted, so that the inner surface of the steel tube is free of decarburization, the steel tube has good plasticity, meets the requirements of subsequent rotary swaging processing, and meets high-load, medium-load torsion fatigue and static torsion fatigue tests required by service of a transmission shaft.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a microstructure according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a microstructure of comparative example 2;
fig. 3 is a photograph of the microstructure of comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and the manufacturing method thereof, but the embodiments and the related description should not be construed as unduly limiting the technical scope of the present invention.
The compositions of the embodiments of the seamless steel pipe for the automotive integrated hollow transmission half shaft are shown in the table 1, wherein the balance is Fe and other inevitable impurities. Table 2 shows the process parameters of the main steps in examples 1 to 6 and comparative example. The mechanical properties of the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 3.
It can be seen from tables 1 to 3 that, since the examples 1 to 6 have the chemical element mass percentage ratios specified in the technical scheme of the invention and are processed and produced according to the manufacturing method provided by the invention, the tensile properties all meet the standard requirements, in particular meet various torsional fatigue life tests required by the subsequent service of the transmission shaft.
In the comparative example 1, the mass percentage of certain chemical elements in the chemical components exceeds the range defined by the technical scheme of the invention, so that the strength is higher, the plasticity is reduced, and the subsequent rotary swaging processing is not favorable. And the cooling rate and the heat treatment temperature of the finished products of comparative examples 2 and 3 are respectively lower than the ranges defined by the present invention. Comparative example 2 had too low a cooling rate, and the pearlite content in the tissue was reduced, which had an effect on the torsional fatigue life. Comparative example 3 the heat preservation temperature was too low, the structure was not completely austenitic, the cementite was decomposed into point-like cementite and then spheroidized, and as a result, the torsion fatigue life could not meet the use requirements.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
Claims (4)
1. The seamless steel tube for the integral hollow transmission half shaft for the automobile comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
C 0.32～0.37％，
Si 0.2～0.4％，
Mn 0.6～0.9％，
Cr 0.9～1.2％，
Mo 0.15～0.3％，
Ti 0.005～0.01％，
Al 0.02～0.05％，
the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities; and, needs to be satisfied simultaneously:
(C+Mn/6)＝0.42～0.48％；
(Mo+Cr)＝1.1～1.35％；
the microstructure of the seamless steel tube for the transmission half shaft is ferrite and pearlite, wherein cementite in the pearlite is flaky;
the yield strength of the seamless steel tube for the transmission half shaft is 350-450 MPa, the tensile strength is 550-650 MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 22%;
the high-load torsional fatigue life of the seamless steel pipe for the transmission half shaft under the conditions of 1824Nm torque and 0.8Hz frequency is more than or equal to 2600 times; the medium-load torsion fatigue life is more than or equal to 56000 times under the conditions of the torque 1152Nm and the frequency 2 Hz; the static torsion breaking torque is more than or equal to 3240Nm.
2. The method for manufacturing a seamless steel tube for an integral hollow drive axle shaft for an automobile according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) Tube blank manufacture
Smelting and casting the components according to the claim 1 to obtain a tube blank;
2) Hot piercing, namely obtaining a hot-rolled mother pipe through a pipe mill and a tension reducing mill;
3) Annealing the mother tube at 700-750 deg.c for 30-60 min;
4) Acid washing and lubricating;
5) Cold rolling to the finished product specification, wherein the rolling elongation coefficient is 1.5-3;
6) Heat treatment of finished product
Annealing heat treatment is carried out on the finished product pipe under the protective atmosphere, the annealing temperature is 830-880 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-20 min, and then the finished product pipe is cooled to below Ar1 at the cooling speed of 30-50 ℃/min;
the protective atmosphere is nitrogen-based mixed gas N 2 +H 2 + CO, CO content ratio 3.5-5%, H 2 The content ratio is 10-20%, and the rest is N 2 Meanwhile, the oxygen content in the furnace is less than or equal to 10ppm, and the dew point is less than or equal to-10 ℃.
3. The manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2), the tube blank is heated at 1240-1290 ℃ and soaked for 30-90 min.
4. The manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 5) cold rolling step, the rolling elongation coefficient is 2 to 2.5.
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