CN113839105B - Method for actively protecting internal short circuit of battery - Google Patents
Method for actively protecting internal short circuit of battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113839105B CN113839105B CN202111068693.4A CN202111068693A CN113839105B CN 113839105 B CN113839105 B CN 113839105B CN 202111068693 A CN202111068693 A CN 202111068693A CN 113839105 B CN113839105 B CN 113839105B
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- short circuit
- internal short
- battery
- lithium
- probability estimation
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000342 Monte Carlo simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ARNWQMJQALNBBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium carbide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[C-]#[C-] ARNWQMJQALNBBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for actively protecting short circuit in a battery, which comprises the following steps: establishing an internal short circuit probability estimation model; acquiring historical charge and discharge data and current working condition data of the battery, and calculating a probability estimation result of the battery, namely the occurrence of internal short circuit, by using an internal short circuit probability estimation model; and taking safety guarantee measures according to the probability estimation result of the internal short circuit so as to ensure the safe operation of the battery. According to the invention, by utilizing an active prevention method, an internal short circuit probability estimation method and historical data, the probability that the internal short circuit is likely to occur in the current working condition is analyzed by a Monte Carlo method, and probability estimation is utilized to help further decision, so that the negative influence caused by the internal short circuit can be effectively reduced. In addition, the method only needs to configure corresponding software, does not need to add additional hardware devices, and has low cost and high feasibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a method for actively protecting short circuits in a battery.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are increasingly used in the fields of electric automobiles and energy storage, but the safety of the lithium ion batteries is also continuously paid attention to.
After internal short circuit of the lithium ion battery, thermal runaway and even explosion are often further caused. Such as thermal abuse, electrical abuse, and mechanical abuse of the battery, directly or indirectly result in breakage of the intermediate separator, such that the positive and negative electrode materials are in direct contact, causing internal short circuit phenomena. Among them, the penetration of the separator by dendrite lithium caused by charge and discharge is a very important cause of internal short circuit, and the internal short circuit caused by dendrite lithium is more hidden and difficult to be known in advance by normal measurement means. In the existing detection method, after internal short circuit of the battery is generated, whether the internal short circuit is generated is further judged by detecting the change values of voltage and temperature. Alternatively, the determination may be made by monitoring whether a thermal runaway gas of sufficient concentration is generated around. The judgment mode belongs to a non-inequality remedy, and the method preferentially ensures the safety of personnel and ensures insufficient strength for property loss.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one technical problem of the background art, the present invention provides a method for actively protecting an internal short circuit of a battery.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of actively protecting against an internal short circuit in a battery, comprising:
establishing an internal short circuit probability estimation model;
acquiring historical charge and discharge data and current working condition data of the battery, and calculating a probability estimation result of the battery, namely the occurrence of internal short circuit, by using an internal short circuit probability estimation model;
and taking safety guarantee measures according to the probability estimation result of the internal short circuit so as to ensure the safe operation of the battery.
The probability estimation result of the occurrence of the internal short circuit utilizes a Monte Carlo method, and an internal short circuit probability value is obtained through repeated experiments for many times; in a single test, whether the internal short circuit occurs is judged by comparing the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium with a threshold value.
Further, the internal short circuit probability estimation model is established by the following steps:
and obtaining the growth condition of the dendrite lithium and the probability of occurrence of the internal short circuit under different conditions through multiple sample detection, and further establishing a probability distribution model obeyed by the dendrite lithium to obtain an internal short circuit probability estimation model.
Further, the internal short circuit probability estimation model is based on the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium as a judgment condition when the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium is n Li Exceeding a threshold n max Judging that the internal short circuit phenomenon occurs in the battery, and if the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium does not exceed a threshold value, judging that the internal short circuit does not occur in the test; wherein,calculated, where I Li Is the lithium-separating reaction current, F represents Faraday constant, and t represents the time of lithium-separating reaction.
Further, the threshold is the mass or moles of dendrite per unit volume.
Further, the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium is obtained by a lithium precipitation reaction current ofWhere I is the current density, deltaU, of the reaction during normal charging of the battery LiC2Li Representing lithium carbide Li x C 6 With respect to the potential of the metal Li(s), η is the overpotential of the battery.
Further, the historical charge-discharge data comprises charge-discharge multiplying power, internal resistance, SOC and voltage changes along with time.
Further, the safety guarantee measures comprise reducing the charge and discharge multiplying power, reducing the battery temperature and replacing the battery pack.
Further, the historical charge and discharge data is stored by a self-contained data processing center or by a cloud.
Further, the battery is one or more lithium ion batteries or metal lithium batteries
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, by utilizing an active prevention method, an internal short circuit probability estimation method and historical data, the probability that the internal short circuit is likely to occur in the current working condition is analyzed by a Monte Carlo method, and probability estimation is utilized to help further decision, so that the negative influence caused by the internal short circuit can be effectively reduced. In addition, the method only needs to configure corresponding software, does not need to add additional hardware devices, and has low cost and high feasibility.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for actively protecting a battery against an internal short circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Examples:
the technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for actively protecting the battery against internal short circuit according to the present embodiment mainly includes the following steps:
101. establishing an internal short circuit probability estimation model;
102. acquiring historical charge and discharge data and current working condition data of the battery, and calculating a probability estimation result of the battery, namely the occurrence of internal short circuit, by using an internal short circuit probability estimation model;
103. and taking safety guarantee measures according to the probability estimation result of the internal short circuit so as to ensure the safe operation of the battery.
In this embodiment, the estimated probability value is an internal short-circuit probability value obtained by using a monte carlo method and performing repeated experiments. In a single test, whether the internal short circuit occurs is judged by comparing the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium with a threshold value.
In this embodiment, the estimated probability value is an internal short-circuit probability value obtained by using a monte carlo method and performing repeated experiments. In a single test, judging whether an internal short circuit occurs or not according to the comparison of the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium and the threshold value, n Li >n max Wherein n is max Is the threshold at which an internal short circuit occurs.
In this embodiment, the internal short circuit probability estimation model is based on the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium as a judgment condition, and judges that an internal short circuit phenomenon occurs in the battery when the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium exceeds a certain threshold value, and considers that no internal short circuit occurs in the test if the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium does not exceed the threshold value. I.e. n Li >n max An internal short circuit occurs when, n max Is the threshold for occurrence of internal short-circuit, nLi is the amount of lithium-precipitating substance, and can be calculated by the formulaCalculated, wherein ILi is the lithium ion counterThe current is applied, F represents Faraday constant, and t represents time of lithium precipitation reaction.
In this embodiment, the threshold refers to the mass or mole number of a certain volume of dendrite, or an equivalent value thereof.
In this example, the dendrite lithium accumulation amount is obtained by a lithium precipitation reaction current ofWhere I is the current density, deltaU, of the reaction during normal charging of the battery LiC2Li Representing lithium carbide Li x C 6 With respect to the potential of the metal Li(s), η is the overpotential of the battery.
In this embodiment, the object of protection is one or more lithium ion batteries or metal lithium batteries.
In the present embodiment, the corresponding measures include, but are not limited to, reducing the charge-discharge rate, reducing the battery temperature, replacing the battery pack, and the like.
In this embodiment, the history data may be stored by a self-contained data processing center, or may be stored by a cloud.
In this embodiment, the detection data may be detected by the battery management system BMS.
In this embodiment, the internal short circuit probability model may obtain the growth condition of dendrite lithium and the probability of internal short circuit occurrence under different conditions by a large number of sample detections, and further establish a probability distribution model obeyed by dendrite lithium, thereby obtaining an internal short circuit probability estimation.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the essence of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method of actively protecting against an internal short circuit in a battery, comprising:
establishing an internal short circuit probability estimation model;
acquiring historical charge and discharge data and current working condition data of the battery, and calculating a probability estimation result of the battery, namely the occurrence of internal short circuit, by using an internal short circuit probability estimation model;
safety guarantee measures are adopted according to the probability estimation result of the occurrence of the internal short circuit so as to ensure the safe operation of the battery;
the probability estimation result of the occurrence of the internal short circuit utilizes a Monte Carlo method, and an internal short circuit probability value is obtained through repeated experiments for many times; in a single test, judging whether an internal short circuit occurs or not according to the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium and the comparison of the threshold value;
the internal short circuit probability estimation model is established by the following steps:
through multiple sample detection, the growth condition of dendrite lithium and the probability of occurrence of internal short circuit under different conditions are obtained, and a probability distribution model obeyed by dendrite lithium is further established, so that an internal short circuit probability estimation model is obtained;
the internal short circuit probability estimation model is based on the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium as a judgment conditionExceeding threshold +.>Judging that the internal short circuit phenomenon occurs in the battery, and if the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium does not exceed a threshold value, judging that the internal short circuit does not occur in the test; wherein (1)>Calculated, whereinI Li Is lithium-separating reaction current, F represents Faraday constant, t represents lithium-separating reaction time;
the threshold is the mass or moles of dendrite per unit volume;
the accumulated amount of dendrite lithium is obtained by lithium precipitation reaction current, and the lithium precipitation reaction current isWhereinIIs the current density of the reaction during normal charging of the battery,/->Representing lithium carbide Li x C 6 With respect to the potential of the metal Li(s), η is the overpotential of the battery;
the historical charge and discharge data comprise charge and discharge multiplying power, internal resistance, SOC and voltage changes along with time.
2. The method of actively protecting against internal shorting of a battery according to claim 1, wherein said safety precautions include reducing charge-discharge rate, reducing battery temperature, and replacing battery packs.
3. The method for actively protecting against internal short circuits in a battery according to claim 1, wherein said historical charge and discharge data is stored by a self-contained data processing center or by cloud.
4. The method of actively protecting against internal shorting in a battery of claim 1 wherein said battery is one or more lithium ion or metal lithium batteries.
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108649282A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-12 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind of safety protecting method and system for evading lithium ion battery internal short-circuit risk |
CN111967190A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-20 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Lithium battery safety degree evaluation method and device based on lithium dendrite morphology image recognition |
CN112946522A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-11 | 四川大学 | On-line monitoring method for short-circuit fault in battery energy storage system caused by low-temperature working condition |
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IL239852A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2016-12-29 | Algolion Ltd | Lithium-ion battery safety monitoring |
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108649282A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-12 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind of safety protecting method and system for evading lithium ion battery internal short-circuit risk |
CN111967190A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-20 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Lithium battery safety degree evaluation method and device based on lithium dendrite morphology image recognition |
CN112946522A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-11 | 四川大学 | On-line monitoring method for short-circuit fault in battery energy storage system caused by low-temperature working condition |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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"锂枝晶的原位观测及生长机制研究进展";沈馨 等;《储能科学与技术》;第6卷(第3期);418-432 * |
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