CN113823808B - Fuel cell stack, system and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A fuel cell stack and a system and application thereof, wherein the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack and a gas distribution device, the fuel cell stack comprises a first stacking component and a second stacking component, wherein the first stacking component is provided with a first runner, the second stacking component is provided with a second runner, the gas distribution device is arranged on the fuel cell stack, the gas distribution device comprises a gas distribution module, the gas distribution module is communicated with the first runner and the second runner, and the gas distribution module is used for receiving and distributing reaction gas to the first runner and the second runner of the fuel cell stack, so that the output power of the fuel cell system is increased, and the problem of uneven distribution of first and second gas flows in the runners is avoided.

Description

A fuel cell stack and its system and application

technical field

The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, and further relates to a fuel cell stack and its system and application.

Background technique

At present, the whole world is under the pressure of energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, and hydrogen energy has become a new type of energy strongly supported by many countries. The wide application of hydrogen energy will promote my country's energy transformation and upgrading, and become one of the important components of my country's energy strategy. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that uses hydrogen energy to convert hydrogen energy into electricity to provide the required amount of electricity. In practical applications, the application of fuel cells in the field of transportation is one of the strong driving forces for the development of hydrogen energy. Various new materials, new processes and new technologies are developed along with the development of fuel cells in this field. For example, fuel cells can be used as a power source for electric vehicles to provide electrical energy for electric vehicles.

A fuel cell system generally includes a fuel cell stack formed by stacking multiple fuel cells in series to provide the required electricity. For example, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack has a proton exchange membrane used to form an ion conductor and an anode side and a cathode side arranged on both sides of the proton exchange membrane, wherein the anode side is suitable for feeding hydrogen gas, and the cathode side is suitable for Air is introduced, wherein the negative electrode reaction formula of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is: 2H ₂ - 4e ^- = 4H ⁺ , wherein the positive electrode reaction formula is: O ₂ +4e ^- +4H ⁺ = 2H ₂ O, wherein the overall reaction equation is : 2H ₂ +O ₂ =2H ₂ O.

In order to increase the output power of a single fuel cell stack, it is common practice to increase the number of stacked single fuel cells. However, as the number of stacked single fuel cells increases, the flow channel length of the reactant gas flowing through the single fuel cell stack will also increase. When a single fuel cell stack reaches a certain number, the reactant gas flowing As the channel length increases, the problem of uneven gas distribution at the head and tail will gradually appear, which will affect the performance of a single fuel cell stack. In order to ensure the performance of a single fuel cell stack, a single fuel cell will stop after stacking a certain number of pieces, and cannot increase any more, reaching the maximum number of stacked pieces of a single fuel cell in a single fuel cell stack, that is, reaching The maximum flow channel length, if the output power of the fuel cell system is still not enough at this time, the usual method is to increase the output power of the fuel cell system by increasing the number of single fuel cell stacks.

For example, as shown in FIG. 1A , a single fuel cell stack 10A of a conventional fuel cell system has an intake end 11A and an exhaust end 12A respectively arranged at both ends, wherein the reaction gas enters through the intake end 11A. The fuel cell stack 10A reacts and is discharged from the exhaust port 12A. The flow path of the single fuel cell stack extends along the direction in which the single fuel cells in the single fuel cell stack 10A are stacked, and the length of the flow path is 1L. If the flow path length exceeds 1L, the performance of the fuel cell stack will decrease. decline. However, according to the actual power demand, when the length of the flow channel is 2L, the fuel cell system can achieve the required output power.

The current practice is to set up two independently operating fuel cell stacks in a conventional fuel cell system. For example, as shown in Figures 1B and 1C, the fuel cell system includes two fuel cell stacks 10B, 20B independently arranged, wherein the fuel cell stack 10B has first air intake ports for intake air and exhaust air respectively 11B and a first exhaust end 12B, the fuel cell stack 20B has a second intake end 21B and a second exhaust end 22B for intake and exhaust, respectively. It can be seen that although the sum of the flow channel lengths of the two fuel cell stacks 10B, 20B of the fuel cell system can reach 2L, each of the fuel cell stacks 10B, 20B needs to be provided with an independent air intake And exhaust structures, such as intake pipes, exhaust pipes, intake valves and exhaust valves, etc., not only take up a lot of space, increase the volume of the fuel cell system, but also increase the cost.

Contents of the invention

An advantage of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell stack and its system and application, wherein the flow channel length of the fuel cell stack for flowing reactant gas can reach 20% of the maximum flow channel length of a conventional single fuel cell stack double, which is beneficial to improve the output power of the fuel cell stack, and compared with the traditional fuel cell system configured with two fuel cell stacks, the dual-channel fuel cell system of the present invention does not need to be equipped with two sets of independent processing The exhaust system reduces the volume and reduces the cost.

An advantage of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell stack and its system and application, wherein the number of stacked single cells in the fuel cell stack can reach twice the number of stacked single cells in a conventional single fuel cell stack times, it is beneficial to increase the output power, and it is not easy to have the problem of uneven gas distribution in the flow channel.

Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell stack and its system and application, wherein the fuel cell stack includes a first stacking part and a second stacking part respectively formed by stacking a plurality of single cells, wherein the The first stacking part has a first flow channel for passing in reaction gas, wherein the second stacking part has a second flow channel for passing in reaction gas, wherein the first flow channel and the second flow channel The length can reach the maximum flow channel length of a traditional single fuel cell stack, thereby increasing the total flow channel length of the fuel cell stack.

Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell stack and its system and application, wherein the fuel cell system can split reactant gases to the first stacked components and the second stack components of the fuel cell stack. In the stacked part, it is beneficial to ensure the performance of each of the single cells of the two stacked parts.

Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell stack and its system and application, wherein the fuel cell system can collect the gas or water discharged from the two stacked components of the fuel cell stack, which is beneficial to both The stacked components share a set of devices required for operation.

Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell stack and its system and application, which have simple structure, low cost and wide applicability.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention further provides a fuel cell system, comprising:

A fuel cell stack, which includes a first stacking part and a second stacking part, wherein the first stacking part includes a plurality of stacked single cells and has a first flow channel for flowing reaction gas to each of the single cells, wherein the second stacking member includes a plurality of stacked cells and has a second flow channel for flowing a reactant gas to each of the cells; and

A gas distribution device, wherein the gas distribution device is arranged on the fuel cell stack, wherein the gas distribution device includes a gas distribution module, wherein the gas distribution module communicates with the first channel and the second A flow channel, wherein the gas distribution module is used to receive and distribute reaction gas to the first flow channel and the second flow channel of the fuel cell stack.

In one embodiment, wherein the gas distribution device has a first sealing surface and a second sealing surface, wherein the first sealing surface is sealingly connected to the first stacked component, wherein the second sealing surface is connected to the The second stack of components is hermetically connected.

In an embodiment, wherein said fuel cell stack further comprises a first end plate and a second end plate, wherein said first stack member is disposed between said first end plate and said gas distribution device, And the second stack member is disposed between the second end plate and the gas distribution device.

In one embodiment, wherein the gas splitting module includes a hydrogen splitting component, wherein the hydrogen splitting component has a hydrogen splitting channel and at least one hydrogen inlet connected to the hydrogen splitting channel, a first hydrogen splitting port and The second hydrogen split port, wherein the first hydrogen split port is communicated with the first flow channel, wherein the second hydrogen split port is communicated with the second flow channel, wherein the hydrogen gas inlet is used for Hydrogen gas is introduced, wherein part of the hydrogen gas is divided into the first flow channel through the first hydrogen gas distribution port, and another part of the hydrogen gas is divided into the second flow channel through the second hydrogen gas distribution port.

In an embodiment, the first stacking component further has a third channel for circulating air, and the second stacking component further has a fourth channel for circulating air, wherein the gas splitting module further includes An air distribution part, wherein the air distribution part has an air distribution channel and at least one air inlet connected to the air distribution channel, a first air distribution port and a second air distribution port, wherein the first air distribution channel The mouth is connected to the third flow channel, wherein the second air diversion port is connected to the fourth flow channel, wherein the air inlet is used to let in air, and part of the air passes through the first The air distribution port is distributed to the third channel, and another part of the air is distributed to the fourth channel through the second air distribution port.

In one embodiment, the hydrogen distribution component and the air distribution component are integrally formed.

In one embodiment, the gas distribution device further includes a collection module, wherein the collection module includes a hydrogen collection part, wherein the hydrogen collection part has a hydrogen collection channel and at least one channel communicating with the hydrogen collection channel. A hydrogen collection outlet, a first hydrogen collection inlet, and a second hydrogen collection inlet, wherein the first hydrogen collection inlet is connected to the hydrogen exhaust port of the first stacked component, and the second hydrogen collection inlet is connected to the The hydrogen gas exhaust port of the second stacking part, so that the hydrogen gas discharged through the first stacking part and the hydrogen gas discharged through the second stacking part are combined in the hydrogen gas collection channel and discharged from the hydrogen gas collection outlet .

In one embodiment, the collection module further includes a cathode side collection part, wherein the cathode side collection part has a cathode side collection channel and at least one cathode side collection outlet communicating with the cathode side collection channel, a first a cathode-side collection inlet and a second cathode-side collection inlet, wherein the first cathode-side collection inlet is connected to the cathode-side discharge port of the first stack member, and the second cathode-side collection inlet is connected to the first cathode-side collection inlet. The cathode side outlets of the two stacked parts are used for the air or water discharged through the cathode side of the first stacked part and the air or water discharged through the cathode side of the second stacked part in the cathode side collection channel merged and discharged from the cathode side confluence outlet.

In one embodiment, the gas distribution device further includes a casing, wherein the hydrogen gas distribution part, the hydrogen gas collection part, the air distribution part and the cathode side collection part are integrally formed in the casing body.

In one embodiment, it further includes an air compressor for pressurization and at least one humidifier for filtering air, wherein the outside air is sequentially pressurized by the air compressor and humidified by the humidifier and then passed into the The air intake port of the air distribution part.

In one embodiment, the cathode-side collection outlet is connected to the humidifier, so that the air or water discharged through the cathode-side collection outlet can humidify the air passing into the humidifier.

In one embodiment, it further includes a hydrogen supply device for providing hydrogen and a pressure regulating valve for pressure regulation, wherein the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen supply device is passed into the hydrogen split flow after the pressure is adjusted by the pressure regulating valve The hydrogen gas inlet of the component.

In an embodiment, wherein the first stacking part is arranged opposite to the second stacking part, wherein the gas distribution device is arranged between the first stacking part and the second stacking part.

In an embodiment, the first stacking component and the second stacking component are arranged side by side, and the gas distribution device is arranged on the side of the fuel cell stack.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention further provides a fuel cell stack, comprising:

a first stack member;

The second stacking part, wherein the first stacking part and the second stacking part respectively include a plurality of stacked fuel cells, wherein the first stacking part has a first stacking part for passing reaction gas into each of the fuel cells an air intake port, wherein the second stack member has a second air intake end for passing reaction gas into each of the fuel cells;

A gas distribution device, wherein the gas distribution device includes a gas splitting module, wherein the gas splitting module communicates with the first inlet port and the second gas inlet port, wherein the gas splitting module is used for splitting reaction gas to said first inlet port and said second inlet port; and

a first end plate and a second end plate, wherein the first stack member is disposed between the first end plate and the gas distribution device, and the second stack member is disposed at the second end between the plate and the gas distribution device.

In an embodiment, wherein the gas distribution device has a first sealing surface and a second sealing surface, wherein the first sealing surface is sealingly connected with the first gas inlet end of the first stacking component, Wherein the second sealing surface is in sealing connection with the second inlet end of the second stacking component.

In an embodiment, wherein the first stacked part further has a first exhaust end for exhausting gas, and the second stacked part further has a second exhaust end for exhausting gas, wherein the gas distribution The device further includes a collection module, wherein the collection module communicates with the first exhaust end and the second exhaust end, wherein the collection module is used to collect the first exhaust end and the second row Gas exhausted from the gas end.

In one embodiment, the gas distribution device further includes a casing, wherein the gas distribution module and the collection module are integrally formed in the casing.

In an embodiment, wherein the first stacking part is arranged opposite to the second stacking part, wherein the gas distribution device is arranged between the first stacking part and the second stacking part.

In one embodiment, in the gas distribution method, the gas distribution module and the collection module are integrally formed.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will fully appear from an understanding of the ensuing description and accompanying drawings.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are fully realized by the following detailed description, drawings and claims.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a prior art fuel cell system with a single fuel cell stack.

FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a prior art fuel cell system with two fuel cell stacks.

FIG. 1C is a schematic perspective view of a fuel cell system with two fuel cell stacks in the prior art.

FIG. 2A is a schematic perspective view of a fuel cell system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2B is a schematic plan view of the fuel cell system according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural block diagram of the fuel cell system according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the gas distribution device of the fuel cell system according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of the gas distribution device of the fuel cell system according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of the gas distribution device of the fuel cell system according to the above-mentioned preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6B is a schematic cross-sectional view of B-B of the gas distribution device of the fuel cell system according to the above-mentioned preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7A is a structural schematic diagram of the humidifier and air compressor of the fuel cell system according to the above-mentioned preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7B is a structural schematic diagram of the filter device and radiator of the fuel cell system according to the above-mentioned preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7C is a structural block diagram of the filter device, air compressor and humidifier of the fuel cell system according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7D is a structural block diagram of the hydrogen supply device, the pressure regulating valve and the hydrogen gas inlet valve of the fuel cell system according to the above-mentioned preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8A is a schematic diagram of the air circulation of the fuel cell system according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8B is a schematic diagram of hydrogen flow in the fuel cell system according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following description serves to disclose the present invention to enable those skilled in the art to carry out the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only examples, and those skilled in the art can devise other obvious variations. The basic principles of the present invention defined in the following description can be applied to other embodiments, variations, improvements, equivalents and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Those skilled in the art should understand that in the disclosure of the present invention, the terms "vertical", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplified description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, so the above terms should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

It can be understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element The quantity can be multiple, and the term "a" cannot be understood as a limitation on the quantity.

In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without conflicting with each other.

The fuel cell system provided in this application can be used as a power generating device for providing a certain amount of electric energy. In practical applications, the fuel cell system can provide electric energy for electronic equipment or power equipment. For example, the fuel cell system can be applied to a power vehicle, wherein the fuel cell system can generate electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction and provide it to the power vehicle, for example, the fuel cell system can be used in a motorcycle , to provide electric energy for driving motorcycles. Of course, the fuel cell system can also be applied to other electrical equipment, which is not limited here.

In the present application, the fuel cell system can provide a place for the electrochemical reaction of the fuel, so that the fuel undergoes an electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell system and generates a certain amount of electric energy. In this embodiment, the fuel is, for example, hydrogen and air (oxygen), that is, hydrogen and air (oxygen) are used as the reaction gases of the fuel cell system, that is, the fuel cell system is a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system, wherein Hydrogen and oxygen undergo hydrogen-oxygen electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell system to generate water and provide a certain amount of electric energy.

FIG. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system according to a preferred embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2A, 2B and Figure 3, the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack 10 and a gas distribution device 20, wherein the fuel cell stack 10 includes a first stacking component 11 and a second stacking component 12 , wherein the first stacking part 11 includes a plurality of stacked single cells and has a first flow channel 111 for flowing reaction gas to each of the single cells, wherein the second stacking part 12 includes a plurality of stacked single cells And a second flow channel 121 for flowing the reaction gas to each of the single cells. The gas distribution device 20 is arranged on the fuel cell stack 10, wherein the gas distribution device 20 includes a gas distribution module 21, wherein the gas distribution module 21 communicates with the first channel 111 and the second The flow channel 121 , wherein the gas distribution module 21 is used to receive and distribute reaction gas to the first flow channel 111 and the second flow channel 121 of the fuel cell stack 10 .

In this embodiment, the first flow channel 111 of the first stacking part 11 is defined to extend along the stacking direction of each of the single cells of the first stacking part 11, and the The second flow channel 121 is defined to extend along the stacking direction of each of the single cells of the second stacking member 12 . That is to say, the hydrogen gas diverted to the first flow channel 111 can diffuse to each of the single cells of the first stacked component 11 for reaction, and the hydrogen gas diverted to the second flow channel 121 can diffuse to the Each of the single cells of the second stack member 12 is reacted. It can be understood that, the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12 respectively include a plurality of stacked single cells, and in practical applications, the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12 also It may include a fixing device for fixing each of the single cells, or a sealing device for preventing leakage of reactant gas, or other devices for ensuring normal operation of each fuel cell, etc., which are not limited herein.

It is worth mentioning that the length L of the first flow channel 111 of the first stacking component 11 can reach the length of the maximum stacked number of single cells of a single fuel cell stack, that is, reach the length L of a conventional single stack fuel cell stack. The maximum channel length of the stack ensures the performance of each of the single cells of the first stack component 11 while increasing the output power. Correspondingly, the length L of the second flow channel 121 of the second stacking component 12 can also reach the length of the maximum stacked number of single cells of a single fuel cell stack, that is, reach the length L of a traditional single fuel cell stack. The maximum flow channel length ensures the performance of each of the single cells of the second stack component 12 while increasing the output power. In other words, the total number of single cells stacked in the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12 of the fuel cell stack 10 can reach the number of single cells stacked in a conventional single fuel cell stack. Twice the number, which is beneficial to increase the output power, and the gas distribution device 20 can divide the reaction gas to the first flow channel 111 of the first stacked part 11 and the second channel 111 of the second stacked part 12 flow channel 121, so the first flow channel 111 of the first stacking part 11 and the second flow channel 121 of the second stacking part 12 are not prone to the problem of uneven distribution of gas in the flow channel, especially can reduce The degree of uneven gas distribution between the first and last cells.

That is to say, the total flow channel length of the fuel cell stack 10 for circulating the reactant gas can reach twice the length of the flow channel of a traditional single fuel cell stack, which is conducive to improving the fuel cell stack 10. output power, and compared to the traditional fuel cell system configured with two fuel cell stacks, the dual-channel fuel cell system of the present invention is due to the fact that all of the fuel cell stacks 10 are simultaneously controlled by one gas splitter 20 The first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12 are fed with reaction gas, so there is no need to equip two sets of independent intake and exhaust systems, which reduces volume and cost.

In other words, in the fuel cell system, the total flow channel length is the sum of the flow channel length L of the first stack component 11 and the flow channel length L of the second stack component 12, that is, the fuel The total flow channel length of the fuel cell stack 10 of the battery system is 2L, and the length of the reaction gas flowing into the first stacking part 11 is L, and the length of the reaction gas flowing into the second stacking part 12 is The length of the reaction gas flowing is also L instead of 2L, so it is beneficial to avoid the problem of uneven gas distribution in the flow channel, ensure the performance of the stack, and improve the output power.

Further, the gas distribution device 20 has a first sealing surface 201 and a second sealing surface 202, wherein the first sealing surface 201 is in sealing connection with the first stacking component 11, wherein the second sealing surface 202 is sealingly connected with the second stacking component 12 . That is to say, the first sealing surface 201 of the gas distribution device 20 is hermetically attached to the first stacking component 11 and communicated with the first flow channel 111 to prevent the reaction gas from leaking out. The second sealing surface 202 of the gas distribution device 20 is hermetically attached to the second stacking component 12 and communicated with the second flow channel 121 to prevent the reaction gas from leaking out.

Preferably, both the first sealing surface 201 and the second sealing surface 202 of the gas distribution device 20 have a certain area, and are respectively connected to the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12 Form a surface-to-surface sealing connection to provide a good sealing effect.

As shown in FIG. 2A, in this embodiment, the fuel cell stack 10 further includes a first end plate 13 and a second end plate 14, wherein the first end plate 13 is arranged on the first stacking part 11 at the end opposite to the first sealing surface 201 , wherein the second end plate 14 is disposed at the end of the second stacking component 12 opposite to the second sealing surface 202 .

Preferably, the gas distribution device 20 is installed between the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12, and the first end plate 13 is installed at the free end of the first stacking part 11 , the second end plate 14 is installed on the free end of the second stacking part 12, that is, the first stacking part 11, the gas distribution device 20 and the second stacking part 12 are sequentially installed on the between the first end plate 13 and the second end plate 14 . The first end plate 13 and the second end plate 14 can be used to fix the first stacking part 11, the gas distribution device 20 and the second stacking part 12, and be fixed for stacking to form the second stacking part 11. Each of the fuel cells of a stacking part 11, and each of the fuel cells for stacking to form the second stacking part 12 are fixed to improve stability.

In other words, each single cell of the first stacking part 11 is laminated and fixed between the first end plate 13 and the gas distribution device 20, and each single cell of the second stacking part 12 is laminated and fixed Between the second end plate 14 and the gas distribution device 20 . The gas distribution device 20 replaces the end plate structure required for stacking and fixing the single cells on this side, and serves as a common part of the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12, and the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12 Part 11 and said second stack part 12 are fastened on both sides of said gas distribution device 20 and between said first end plate 13 and said second end plate 14 .

It can be understood that, the fuel cell stack 10 of the fuel cell system of the present application only includes two end plates (namely the first end plate 13 and the second end plate 14), which can ensure the The stability of the above-mentioned fuel cell stacks, and the traditional fuel cell system with two fuel cell stacks, each of the fuel cell stacks needs two end plates to maintain stability, so the traditional configuration of two fuel cell The fuel cell system of the battery cell stack needs four end plates in total to ensure stability. Obviously, the fuel cell system of the present application saves the configuration of the end plate and reduces the cost.

In other words, the first stacking part 11 has a first inlet port 113 for feeding the reaction gas into each of the single cells, and the second stacking part 12 has a first inlet port 113 for feeding the reaction gas into each of the single cells. The second gas inlet port 123 for entering the reaction gas. That is to say, the first air inlet 113 communicates with the first flow channel 111 , and the second air inlet 123 communicates with the second flow channel 121 . The gas splitting module 21 communicates with the first gas inlet 113 and the second gas inlet 123, wherein the gas splitting module 21 is used to divert reaction gas to the first gas inlet 113 and the second gas inlet. Two inlet ports 123 are used to split the reactant gas to the first channel 111 and the second channel 121 . Further, the first sealing surface 201 is in sealing connection with the first air inlet end 113 of the first stacking component 11 , wherein the second sealing surface 202 is in sealing connection with the first air inlet end 113 of the second stacking component 12 . The two air inlet ports 123 are sealed and connected.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , further, the gas splitting module 21 includes a hydrogen splitting component 211, wherein the hydrogen splitting component 211 has a hydrogen splitting channel 2111 and at least one hydrogen gas that communicates with the hydrogen splitting channel 2111. Air inlet 2112, first hydrogen split port 2113 and second hydrogen split port 2114, wherein the first hydrogen split port 2113 is communicated with the first flow channel 111, wherein the second hydrogen split port 2114 is communicated with The second flow channel 121, wherein the hydrogen gas inlet 2112 is used to feed hydrogen gas, wherein part of the hydrogen gas is diverted to the first flow channel 111 through the first hydrogen gas split port 2113, and the other part of the hydrogen gas is passed through the second flow channel 111. The hydrogen gas split port 2114 splits the flow to the second flow channel 121 .

In order to ensure the hydrogen gas uniformity of the first flow channel 111 of the first stacking part and the second flow channel 121 of the second stacking part, the hydrogen gas distribution channel 2111 of the hydrogen gas distribution part 211, The size or structure of the first hydrogen gas distribution port 2113 and the second hydrogen gas distribution port 2114 can be respectively set so that a predetermined flow rate or flow rate of hydrogen gas can be introduced into the corresponding flow channel.

Further, the first stacking component 11 further has a third flow channel 112 for air circulation, and the second stacking component 12 further has a fourth flow channel 122 for air circulation. The gas distribution module 21 further includes an air distribution part 212, wherein the air distribution part 212 has an air distribution channel 2121 and at least one air inlet 2122 and a first air distribution port 2123 communicating with the air distribution channel 2121 And the second air distribution port 2124, wherein the first air distribution port 2123 is communicated with the third flow channel 112, wherein the second air distribution port 2124 is communicated with the fourth flow channel 122, wherein the The air inlet 2122 is used to feed air, wherein part of the air is diverted to the third channel 112 through the first air diversion port 2123, and the other part of the air is diverted to the third flow channel 112 through the second air diversion port 2124. The fourth flow channel 122 .

Further, the first air inlet 113 communicates with the third flow passage 112 , and the second air inlet 123 communicates with the fourth flow passage 122 . Specifically, the hydrogen gas is split to the first intake port 113 and the second intake port 123 through the gas splitting module 21 , and split to the first flow channel 111 and the second flow channel 121 . The air is split to the first air inlet 113 and the second air inlet 123 through the gas splitting module 21 , and then to the third flow channel 112 and the fourth flow channel 122 .

It can be understood that the air diverted to the third flow channel 112 can be diffused to each of the single cells of the first stacked component 11 for reaction, and the air diverted to the fourth flow channel 122 can be diffused to Each of the single cells of the second stack member 12 is to react. In some embodiments, the third flow channel 112 may extend along the stacking direction of each of the single cells of the first stacking part 11 , and the fourth flow channel 122 may extend along the stacking direction of the second stacking part 12 The stacking direction of each of the single cells extends.

Preferably, the hydrogen distribution component 211 and the air distribution component 212 are integrally formed. Further, the hydrogen distribution part 211 and the air distribution part 212 are integrally formed between the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12 .

Further, as shown in Figures 6A and 6B, the gas distribution device 20 includes a collection module 22, the first stacking part 11 further has a first exhaust end 114 for discharging gas, and the second stacking part 12 further has a second exhaust end 124 for exhausting gas, and the collection module 22 communicates with the first exhaust end 114 and the second exhaust end 124, wherein the collection module 22 is used to collect the The gas discharged from the first exhaust port 114 and the second exhaust port 124 . That is to say, the unreacted gas or produced water in the first stacking part 11 is discharged to the collection module 22 through the first exhaust port 114, and the unreacted gas or water in the second stacking part 12 The generated water is discharged to the collection module 22 through the second exhaust port 124, and finally discharged from the collection module 22 uniformly, so as to uniformly treat unreacted gas or discharged water.

In this embodiment, the collection module 22 includes a hydrogen collection part 221, wherein the hydrogen collection part 221 has a hydrogen collection channel 2211 and at least one hydrogen collection outlet 2212 communicating with the hydrogen collection channel 2211, a first hydrogen A collection inlet 2213 and a second hydrogen collection inlet 2214, wherein the first hydrogen collection inlet 2213 is communicated with the hydrogen exhaust port of the first stacked component 11, and the second hydrogen collection inlet 2214 is communicated with the second hydrogen collection inlet 2214. The hydrogen exhaust port of the second stacking part 12 is used for the hydrogen gas discharged through the first stacking part 11 and the hydrogen gas discharged through the second stacking part 12 to merge in the hydrogen collection channel 2211 and be collected by the hydrogen gas Exit 2212 exits.

In other words, the unreacted hydrogen in the first stacking part 11 passes through the hydrogen exhaust port of the first stacking part 11 into the hydrogen collection channel 2211 of the hydrogen collection part 221, and similarly, the The unreacted hydrogen of the second stacking part 12 is also passed into the hydrogen collection channel 2211 of the hydrogen collection part 221 through the hydrogen exhaust port of the second stacking part 12, and finally flows out of the hydrogen collection outlet 2212 together. Discharge, in order to deal with unreacted hydrogen uniformly.

Preferably, the gas distribution device 20 further includes a casing 23 , wherein the hydrogen gas distribution component 211 and the hydrogen gas collection component 221 are integrally formed in the casing 23 . Preferably, the hydrogen gas inlet and the hydrogen gas exhaust port of the first stacking part 11 can be located on the same side, the hydrogen gas inlet and the hydrogen gas exhaust port of the second stacking part 12 can be located on the same side, and the housing 23 is installed between the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12 to ensure gas circulation. To prevent gas or water from leaking, a sealed connection can be adopted between the housing 23 and the first stacking component 11 and the second stacking component 12 .

Furthermore, the collection module 22 further includes a cathode-side collection part 222, wherein the cathode-side collection part 222 has a cathode-side collection channel 2221 and at least one cathode-side collection outlet 2222 communicating with the cathode-side collection channel 2221 , the first cathode-side collection inlet 2223 and the second cathode-side collection inlet 2224, wherein the first cathode-side collection inlet 2223 is connected to the cathode-side discharge port of the first stacked component 11, and the second cathode-side collection The inlet 2224 is communicated with the cathode side discharge port of the second stacked part 12 for the air or water discharged through the cathode side of the first stacked part 11 and the water discharged through the cathode side of the second stacked part 12 Air or water is combined in the cathode-side collection channel 2221 and discharged from the cathode-side collection outlet 2222 .

It can be understood that the unreacted air and generated water of the first stacking part 11 pass through the cathode-side discharge port of the first stacking part 11 into the cathode-side collection channel of the cathode-side collection part 222 2221, similarly, the unreacted air and generated water of the second stacking part 12 also pass into the cathode side collection of the cathode side collection part 222 through the cathode side outlet of the second stacking part 12 channel 2221, and are finally discharged from the cathode side converging outlet 2222, so that unreacted air and generated water can be treated uniformly.

More preferably, the hydrogen distribution part 211 , the hydrogen collection part 221 , the air distribution part 212 and the cathode side collection part 222 are integrally formed in the casing 23 .

In some optional embodiments, the hydrogen distribution part 211 , the hydrogen collection part 212 , the air distribution part 221 and the cathode side collection part 222 may be implemented as a pipeline structure.

Preferably, the first stacking part 11 is arranged opposite to the second stacking part 12, wherein the gas distribution device 20 is arranged between the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12, wherein The first inlet port 113 and the first exhaust port 114 of the first stacking part 11 are sealed and connected to one side of the gas distribution device 20 , wherein the first stacking part 12 of the second stacking part 12 The second inlet port 123 and the second exhaust port 124 are sealingly connected to the other side of the gas distribution device 20 .

Optionally, the first stacking component 11 and the second stacking component 12 are arranged side by side, wherein the gas distribution device 20 is arranged on the side of the fuel cell stack 10 .

As shown in Figures 7A and 7C, in this embodiment, the fuel cell system further includes an air compressor 40 for pressurization and at least one humidifier 50, wherein the external air is pressurized by the air compressor 40 in turn And the humidifier 50 passes into the air inlet 2122 of the air distribution part 212 after humidification.

Preferably, a filter device 30 is provided at the inlet of the air compressor 40 to filter out particulate matter or other impurities in the air, that is, the outside air can only pass into the fuel cell after being filtered by the filter device 30 The system participates in the reaction to prevent particles or other impurities in the air from causing adverse effects on the system.

Further, the cathode-side collection outlet 2212 is connected to the humidifier 50 , so that the air or water discharged through the cathode-side collection outlet 2222 can humidify the air passing into the humidifier 50 . That is to say, one side of the accelerator 50 is the outside air, and the other side is the air or water discharged through the cathode-side converging outlet 2222 .

As shown in FIG. 7B , further, the fuel cell stack 10 further includes an air discharge pipeline 101, wherein the air discharge pipeline 101 communicates with the cathode side collection outlet 2222 for discharging air or water .

8A and 8B are schematic diagrams of the air circulation of the fuel cell system. After being filtered by the filter device 30, pressurized by the air compressor 40, and humidified by the humidifier 50, the outside air enters the air inlet 2122 of the air splitter 212 and is split by the air. The part 212 is divided into the third channel 112 of the first stacking part 11 and the fourth channel 122 of the second stacking part 12, and then passes through the first stacking part 11 and the second The air and water discharged from the stacked parts 12 are collected by the cathode-side collecting part 222 and passed into the humidifier 50 before being discharged.

As shown in Figure 7D, in this embodiment, the fuel cell system further includes a hydrogen supply device 60 for supplying hydrogen, a pressure regulating valve 70 for pressure regulation, and a hydrogen inlet valve for controlling the introduction of hydrogen 80, wherein the hydrogen gas provided by the hydrogen supply device 60 passes through the hydrogen gas inlet valve 80 and the pressure regulating valve 70 to adjust the pressure in sequence, and then flows into the hydrogen gas inlet 2112 of the hydrogen gas splitting component 211. It can be understood that the fuel cell system further includes a hydrogen delivery pipeline for delivering hydrogen to the gas distribution device 20 and an air delivery pipeline for delivering air.

Both the hydrogen gas inlet valve 80 and the pressure regulating valve 70 are disposed on one side of the hydrogen gas splitting component 211 of the gas distribution device 20 . The pressure regulating valve 70 or the hydrogen inlet valve 80 is like a solenoid valve.

As shown in Figure 7B, further, the fuel cell stack 10 further includes a hydrogen gas discharge pipeline 102, wherein the hydrogen gas discharge pipeline 102 communicates with the hydrogen collection outlet 2212 for exhausting tail gas (including unreacted of hydrogen). Optionally, the fuel cell stack 10 may further include a tail gas treatment device and a tail gas discharge valve arranged in the hydrogen discharge pipeline 102 . The tail gas discharge valve may be a normally closed valve, which switches the hydrogen discharge pipeline 102 at a certain frequency, wherein the tail gas treatment device is used to mix and dilute the tail gas to achieve safe discharge.

The fuel cell system can be provided with two independent intake and exhaust structures, wherein the fuel cell system has a set of the filter device 30, the air compressor 40 and the humidifier 50, wherein the first end The plate 13 is independent from the second end plate 14, the solenoid valve, and the intake and exhaust structures. The fuel cell system of this embodiment uses one gas distribution device 20 to replace the two end plates and their intake and exhaust structures. Exhaust structure, and saves a set of independent solenoid valves. That is to say, the solenoid valve of the traditional fuel cell system is arranged near the intake and exhaust ports of the end plate, while the intake and exhaust structure of the fuel cell system in this embodiment is formed by the gas distribution device 20, wherein The solenoid valve is installed on the gas distribution device 20 .

As shown in FIG. 7B , further, the fuel cell system further includes at least two radiators 90, one of which is mounted on the first stack member 11 for cooling the first stack. Part 11 dissipates heat. Another heat sink 90 is mounted on the second stacking component 12 for dissipating heat from the second stacking component 12 .

Further, this preferred embodiment also provides a fuel cell stack, including:

the first stacking part 11;

The second stacking part 12, wherein the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12 respectively include a plurality of stacked single cells, wherein the first stacking part 11 has a function for connecting each of the single cells A first gas inlet port 113 for feeding the reaction gas, wherein the second stacking component 12 has a second gas inlet port 123 for feeding the reaction gas into each of the single cells; and

A gas distribution device 20, wherein the gas distribution device 20 includes a gas distribution module 21, wherein the gas distribution module 21 communicates with the first inlet port 113 and the second inlet port 123, wherein the gas The splitting module 21 is used for splitting the reaction gas to the first inlet 113 and the second inlet 123 .

In one embodiment, the gas distribution device 20 has a first sealing surface 201 and a second sealing surface 202, wherein the first sealing surface 201 is in contact with the first sealing surface of the first stacking component 11 The air end 113 is in sealing connection, wherein the second sealing surface 202 is in sealing connection with the second air inlet end 123 of the second stacking component 12 .

In one embodiment, the first stacking part 11 further has a first exhaust end 114 for exhausting gas, and the second stacking part 12 further has a second exhausting end 124 for exhausting gas, wherein The gas distribution device 20 further includes a collection module 22, wherein the collection module 22 communicates with the first exhaust port 114 and the second exhaust port 124, wherein the collection module 22 is used to collect the first The gas discharged from the first exhaust port 114 and the second exhaust port 124 .

In one embodiment, the gas distribution device 20 further includes a casing 23 , wherein the gas splitting module 21 and the collection module 22 are integrally formed on the casing 23 .

In one embodiment, the first stacking part 11 is arranged opposite to the second stacking part 12, wherein the gas distribution device 20 is arranged between the first stacking part 11 and the second stacking part 12 between.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention shown in the foregoing description and drawings are only examples and do not limit the present invention. The objects of the present invention have been fully and effectively accomplished. The function and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and described in the embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention can have any deformation or modification without departing from the principles.

Claims (20)

1. A fuel cell system, characterized in that it comprises: A fuel cell stack comprising a first stack component, a second stack component, a first end plate and a second end plate, wherein the first stack component is disposed between the first end plate and the gas distribution device , and the second stacking part is disposed between the second end plate and the gas distribution device, wherein the first stacking part includes a plurality of stacked single cells and has a a first flow path for flowing a reactant gas, wherein the second stack member includes a plurality of stacked cells and has a second flow path for flowing a reactant gas to each of the cell; and A gas distribution device, wherein the gas distribution device is arranged on the fuel cell stack, wherein the gas distribution device includes a gas distribution module, a collection module and a housing, wherein the gas distribution module communicates with the The first flow channel and the second flow channel, wherein the gas distribution module is used to receive and distribute reaction gas to the first flow channel and the second flow channel of the fuel cell stack, wherein the gas distribution The device has a first sealing surface and a second sealing surface, wherein the first sealing surface is sealingly connected to the first stacked part, wherein the second sealing surface is sealingly connected to the second stacking part, wherein the The first stacking part further has a first exhaust end for exhausting gas, the second stacking part further has a second exhaust end for exhausting gas, and the collection module communicates with the first exhaust end and The second exhaust end, wherein the gas distribution module and the collection module are integrally formed in the housing. 2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein a sealed connection is adopted between the housing and the first stacking component and the second stacking component. 3. The fuel cell system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first stacked part is arranged opposite to the second stacked part, wherein the gas distribution device is provided between the first stacked part and the second stacked part between the second stacked components. 4. A fuel cell system, characterized in that it comprises: A fuel cell stack comprising a first stack component, a second stack component, a first end plate and a second end plate, wherein the first stack component is disposed between the first end plate and the gas distribution device , the second stacking member is disposed between the second end plate and the gas distribution device, wherein the first stacking member includes a plurality of stacked single cells and has a a first flow path for a reactant gas, wherein the second stack member includes a plurality of stacked cells and has a second flow path for flowing the reactant gas to each of the cell; and A gas distribution device, wherein the gas distribution device is arranged on the fuel cell stack, wherein the gas distribution device includes a gas distribution module, a collection module and a housing, wherein the gas distribution module communicates with the The first flow path and the second flow path, wherein the gas splitting module is used to receive and split reaction gas to the first flow path and the second flow path of the fuel cell stack, wherein the gas splitting The module includes a hydrogen splitting part, wherein the hydrogen splitting part has a hydrogen splitting channel and at least one hydrogen gas inlet connected to the hydrogen splitting channel, a first hydrogen splitting port and a second hydrogen splitting port, wherein the first The hydrogen gas distribution port is connected to the first flow channel, wherein the second hydrogen gas distribution port is connected to the second flow channel, wherein the hydrogen gas inlet is used to feed hydrogen gas, wherein part of the hydrogen gas passes through the first flow channel A hydrogen gas distribution port is distributed to the first flow channel, and another part of the hydrogen gas is distributed to the second flow channel through the second hydrogen gas distribution port, wherein the first stacking component further has a first exhaust for exhausting gas end, the second stacking part further has a second exhaust end for exhausting gas, and the collection module communicates with the first exhaust end and the second exhaust end, wherein the gas splitting module and the The collection module is integrally formed in the housing. 5. The fuel cell system according to claim 4, the first stack member further has a third flow passage for air circulation, and the second stack member further has a fourth flow passage for air circulation, wherein The gas distribution module further includes an air distribution part, wherein the air distribution part has an air distribution channel and at least one air inlet, a first air distribution port, and a second air distribution port communicating with the air distribution channel, Wherein the first air distribution port is communicated with the third channel, wherein the second air distribution port is communicated with the fourth channel, wherein the air inlet is used for passing air, wherein Part of the air is diverted to the third channel through the first air diversion port, and another part of the air is diverted to the fourth channel through the second air diverter port. 6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the hydrogen gas distribution member is integrally formed with the air distribution member. 7. The fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein the gas distribution device further comprises a collection module, wherein the collection module includes a hydrogen collection part, wherein the hydrogen collection part has a hydrogen collection channel and a communication port At least one hydrogen collection outlet, a first hydrogen collection inlet, and a second hydrogen collection inlet of the hydrogen collection channel, wherein the first hydrogen collection inlet is connected to the hydrogen exhaust port of the first stacked component, and the second The hydrogen gas collection inlet is connected to the hydrogen gas exhaust port of the second stacking part, so that the hydrogen gas discharged through the first stacking part and the hydrogen gas discharged through the second stacking part are combined in the hydrogen gas collection channel. It is discharged from the hydrogen collection outlet. 8. The fuel cell system according to claim 7, wherein the hydrogen gas distribution part and the hydrogen gas collection part are integrally formed in the casing. 9. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the gas distribution device further comprises a collection module, wherein the collection module includes a hydrogen collection part, wherein the hydrogen collection part has a hydrogen collection channel and a communication port At least one hydrogen collection outlet, a first hydrogen collection inlet, and a second hydrogen collection inlet of the hydrogen collection channel, wherein the first hydrogen collection inlet is connected to the hydrogen exhaust port of the first stacked component, and the second The hydrogen gas collection inlet is connected to the hydrogen gas exhaust port of the second stacking part, so that the hydrogen gas discharged through the first stacking part and the hydrogen gas discharged through the second stacking part are combined in the hydrogen gas collection channel. It is discharged from the hydrogen collection outlet. 10. The fuel cell system according to claim 9, wherein the collecting module further comprises a cathode side collecting part, wherein the cathode side collecting part has a cathode side collecting channel and at least one channel communicating with the cathode side collecting channel. a cathode-side collection outlet, a first cathode-side collection inlet, and a second cathode-side collection inlet, wherein the first cathode-side collection inlet is connected to the cathode-side discharge port of the first stacked component, and the second cathode-side collection The inlet is connected to the cathode side discharge port of the second stacked part for the air or water discharged through the cathode side of the first stacked part and the air or water discharged through the cathode side of the second stacked part The cathode-side collection channels are combined and discharged from the cathode-side collection outlet. 11. The fuel cell system according to claim 10, wherein the hydrogen gas distribution member, the hydrogen gas collection member, the air distribution member, and the cathode side collection member are integrally formed in the case. 12. The fuel cell system according to claim 10, further comprising an air compressor for pressurization and at least one humidifier, wherein the external air is sequentially pressurized by the air compressor and humidified by the humidifier and then passed into The air intake port of the air distribution member. 13. The fuel cell system according to claim 12, wherein the humidifier is connected to the humidifier via the cathode-side collection outlet, so that the air or water discharged through the cathode-side collection outlet passes into the humidifier Humidifies the air inside. 14. The fuel cell system according to claim 7, further comprising a hydrogen supply device for providing hydrogen and a pressure regulating valve for pressure regulation, wherein the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen supply device is adjusted in pressure through the pressure regulating valve Afterwards, it is passed into the hydrogen inlet port of the hydrogen splitting part. 15. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 4 to 14, wherein the first stacking part is arranged opposite to the second stacking part, wherein the gas distribution device is arranged between the first stacking part and the second stacking part between the second stacked components. 16. A fuel cell stack, characterized in that it comprises: a first stack member; The second stacking part, wherein the first stacking part and the second stacking part respectively include a plurality of stacked fuel cells, wherein the first stacking part has a first stacking part for passing reaction gas into each of the fuel cells an air intake port, wherein the second stack member has a second air intake end for passing reaction gas into each of the fuel cells; A gas distribution device, wherein the gas distribution device includes a gas splitting module, wherein the gas splitting module communicates with the first inlet port and the second gas inlet port, wherein the gas splitting module is used for splitting reaction gas to said first inlet port and said second inlet port; a first end plate and a second end plate, wherein the first stack member is disposed between the first end plate and the gas distribution device, and the second stack member is disposed at the second end between the plate and the gas distribution device. 17. The fuel cell stack according to claim 16, wherein said gas distribution device has a first sealing surface and a second sealing surface, wherein said first sealing surface is in contact with said The first air intake end is in sealing connection, wherein the second sealing surface is in sealing connection with the second air intake end of the second stacking component. 18. The fuel cell stack according to claim 16, wherein the first stack member further has a first exhaust port for exhausting gases, and the second stack member further has a second row for exhausting gases gas end, wherein the gas distribution device further includes a collection module, wherein the collection module communicates with the first exhaust end and the second exhaust end, wherein the collection module is used to collect the first row The gas discharged from the gas end and the second exhaust port. 19. The fuel cell stack according to claim 18, the gas distribution device further comprising a casing, wherein the gas distribution module and the collection module are integrally formed in the casing. 20. The fuel cell stack according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the first stacking part is arranged opposite to the second stacking part, wherein the gas distribution device is arranged on the first stacking part and the second stacking component.

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