CN113802514B - Ecological regulation experimental device of cascade hydropower station - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological regulation and control experimental device for a cascade hydropower station, which comprises multistage river channels, wherein the multistage river channels are sequentially connected in series and are arranged in cascade; adjacent to each otherA hydropower station regulation and control area is arranged between the riverway water channels; the fluid in the water channel of the cascade river channel consists of water and nano SiO ₂ And polyethylene glycol. The cascade hydropower station experimental device provided by the invention can realize real simulation of a river channel of a full flow domain with continuous variable slope and a length of hundreds of kilometers based on a specific fluid and a corresponding abnormal river model, namely, the flow state and the actual condition accord with a scale relation, and on the premise, ecological hydrology regulation and ecological index regulation of each cascade in the flow domain are realized.

Description

Ecological regulation experimental device of cascade hydropower station

technical field

The invention relates to an experimental device for ecological regulation and control of a cascade hydropower station.

Background technique

Cascade hydropower stations are groups of hydropower stations with upstream and downstream relationships in the same river basin. Through reasonable dispatching methods, they can jointly play multiple functions of flood control, power generation and water supply. .

During the construction and operation of cascade hydropower stations, huge changes are made to the hydrological situation of the basin, which in turn affects the entire ecosystem of the basin. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out ecological regulation to restore and manage the local ecosystem in real time. The content of ecological regulation of cascade power plants is mainly divided into: (1) ecological hydrological regulation, the purpose is to restore natural ecological flow and natural water flow; (2) ecological index regulation, including sediment, pH value and dissolved oxygen, among which water temperature index is for The survival and reproduction of fish are very important, and the concentration of nutrients in the water is a key factor in the outbreak of algal blooms, and it is the focus of indicator regulation.

At present, the existing river engineering models are basically single-stage river channels, which can only simulate a certain section of the river, the length of the river is several kilometers to a dozen kilometers in length, and the slope of the river does not change much. Realistic simulation of river channels with slopes and lengths of hundreds of kilometers across the entire basin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Purpose of the invention: Aiming at the limitations of existing river engineering models, the present invention provides an experimental device for ecological regulation of cascade hydropower stations, which is capable of simulating river courses in the whole basin with continuous slope changes and lengths of up to several hundred kilometers. , to achieve downstream water temperature regulation, downstream pollutant diffusion speed regulation and so on.

Technical scheme: The ecological regulation experiment device of cascade hydropower station according to the present invention includes multi-level river channels, and the multi-level channel channels are arranged in series in a cascade; a hydropower station regulation area is arranged between adjacent channel channels; the fluid in the cascade channel channels Formulated with water, nano-SiO ₂ and polyethylene glycol. The water level of the upper-level channel tank is higher than the water level of the lower-level channel tank.

Wherein, the river channel water tank is formed by combining a plurality of single-section water tanks; the adjacent single-section water tanks are fixedly connected by a telescopic mechanism; the river channel water tank also includes a slope adjustment mechanism and a bottom plate, and the slope adjustment mechanism is arranged between the expansion mechanism and the single-section water tank. Below the connection of the water-saving tank, the slope adjustment mechanism includes a driving mechanism, and the driving end of the driving mechanism is hinged with the single-section water tank; the fixed end of the driving mechanism is fixed on the adapter plate, and both ends of the adapter plate are fixed with rollers. Embedded in the guide rails on both sides of the bottom plate, the adapter plate slides horizontally along the guide rail through rollers. There is also a universal wheel at the bottom of the bottom plate, which is used to move the entire stepped river channel.

The single-section water tank is made of plexiglass; the telescopic mechanism is composed of a plurality of parallel U-shaped frames, a waterproof outer lining and an elastic inner lining, the waterproof outer lining is wrapped on the outer surface of the frame, and the elastic inner lining is a poly Vinyl composite film, adjacent frames are connected by polyethylene composite film. The end and end of the telescopic mechanism are respectively connected to the single-section water tank of the previous section and the single-section water tank of the next section; the control area of the hydropower station is respectively connected to the upstream channel water tank and the downstream channel water tank through the telescopic mechanism. The frame is made of stainless steel, and multiple frames arranged side by side are folded and stretched through the elastic inner lining to realize the length change of the telescopic mechanism; the waterproof outer lining is made of polyethylene polypropylene cloth, which is wrapped on the outer surface of the frame to prevent the leakage of experimental fluid; elastic The inner liner has good elasticity and ductility, and provides a flow passage for the fluid in the telescopic section.

Wherein, the control area of the hydropower station includes a water inlet located at the lower part of the control area of the hydropower station and an overflow weir arranged at the butt joint with the downstream river channel; along the opposite direction of fluid flow, the lower part of the front end of the water outlet is provided with a beam gate; the control area of the hydropower station is in the The upper part of the inlet and outlet side is also provided with a rectifying screen; the regulation area of the hydropower station also includes a heating component; the heating component is arranged at the joint of the regulation area of the hydropower station and the upstream river channel, and the heating component is arranged between the beam gate and the rectifying curtain. The fluid of the upper-level river channel enters the control area of the hydropower station through the water inlet. The control area of the hydropower station is made of plexiglass, which is used to connect the upstream channel channel and the downstream channel channel for ecological control experiments. The water inlet is connected to a circular water inlet pipe and is equipped with a differential pressure flowmeter. According to the water volume regulation requirements, each water inlet can be opened and closed to control the inflow flow; the overflow weir is a right-angled triangular weir, which is used to regulate the outflow flow; the rectification screen has a built-in reverse osmosis The membrane is installed at the water surface position of the upstream reservoir area (downstream river tank) of the hydropower control area to control the nutrient salt concentration entering the downstream water body; the stacked beam door is installed at the lower part of the front end of the water inlet to control the water temperature entering the downstream river tank water body; The heating component is composed of several layers of heating rods, which are used to control the temperature of the water body in the upstream channel tank entering the control area of the hydropower station to form a layered structure of water temperature, simulating sunlight shining on the surface of the water body to form a high water temperature on the upper surface of the water body and low water temperature on the lower part. situation. By adopting the fluid of the present invention, the problem that the liquid is mixed too fast and the temperature gradient is neutralized can be well solved.

Among them, it also includes tributary channels. The tributary channels can be connected with any one of the channel channels, and the tributary interface is reserved on the side of the corresponding channel channel; the tributary channel is composed of an integrated water channel and a supporting structure at the bottom of the integrated water channel. The supporting structure is hydraulic Jack, the fixed end of the hydraulic jack is fixed on the bottom plate II, the driving end of the hydraulic jack is rotatably connected with the integrated water tank; the bottom of the bottom plate II is equipped with a universal wheel for moving the tributary river.

Among them, it also includes the experimental fluid dispensing pool. The experimental fluid dispensing pool includes multiple independent pools. Different pools are respectively connected with the water inlet of the first-level river channel and the water inlet of the tributary channel through connecting pipes. The connecting pipes are provided with pumps and rectifiers. grille. The rectifying grid is a honeycomb structure composed of five layers of plexiglass tubes with diameters ranging from coarse to fine, which is used to eliminate large-scale vortices and improve the uniformity of the fluid; the water pump adopts a linear adjustment pump, which can perform linear flow adjustment within the working range. .

Among them, the experimental device of the present invention also includes a tailgate and post-processing equipment, the tailgate is used to control the water level of the exit tail;

The fluid flowing into the tributary channel is prepared from water, nano-SiO ₂ , polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride.

Among them, parameter measurement equipment is also included, and parameter measurement equipment is provided on the outer side wall of the single-section water tank at the end of each level of the channel water tank; the parameter measurement equipment includes multiple rows of measurement probes arranged in the longitudinal direction and a controller connected to the measurement probes; Each row of measuring probes consists of a pair of flow velocity sensors, water level sensors and sound velocity sensors. The sensor is used to measure the flow rate, water level, temperature and salinity of the fluid based on the principle of ultrasonic transit time.

Based on the actual size of the prototype channel to be simulated, determine the horizontal scale λ _H and vertical scale λ _V of the experimental device, where λ _H ≥ λ _V , and the geometric transformation ratio λ _H /λ _V ≤5; The actual slope change of the river channel, calculate the slope segment of the channel and the channel between the steps and the horizontal scale and vertical slope of each single-section channel:

_Lmi = _Lpi / _λH

D _mi = D _pi /λ _V

where L _pi and D _pi are the horizontal scale and vertical slope of the i-th section of the prototype channel, respectively, and L _mi and D _mi are the horizontal scale and vertical slope of the i-th section of the channel in the model channel, respectively; at the same time, According to the above formula, the three-dimensional configuration data of the tributary channel is determined according to the geometric scale; the principle is the same, but the horizontal scale of the tributary channel is much smaller than that of the main channel. Specifically, the horizontal scale λ _H and the vertical ratio determined according to the main channel are Scale λ _V , calculate the horizontal scale and vertical slope of the tributary channel module:

L _m =L _p / _λH

D _m =D _p /λ _V

where L _p and D _p are the horizontal scale and vertical slope of the prototype tributary channel, respectively, and L _m and D _m are the horizontal scale and vertical slope of the model tributary channel, respectively;

According to the gravity similarity criterion and the Reynolds number similarity criterion, the velocity scale λ _u and the flow rate scale λ _Q of the experimental fluid are determined by determining the horizontal scale λ _H of the experimental device:

λ _Q = λ _H ^1.5 λ _V

Because the geometric scale of the experiment is relatively large, the series stacking effect of the flow scale will make the experimental flow too small, which is not conducive to the experimental operation and measurement. The viscosity scale λ, the diffusion scale λ _E and the corrected flow scale λ _Q ′ are:

λ _Q ′=λ _H λ _V

The experimental process of the ecological regulation experimental device of the cascade hydropower station of the present invention is specifically as follows:

(1) Experimental preparation

(1-1) Scale setting: Based on the actual size of the basin where the cascade power station is located and the size limit of the indoor laboratory, determine the horizontal scale λ _H and vertical scale λ _V of the experimental physical model, where λ _H ≥ λ _V , but The geometric deformation ratio λ _H /λ _V ≤5. According to the gradient change of the river channel between the steps, the slope segments of the channel and the channel between the steps and the horizontal scale and vertical gradient of each segment are calculated.

_Lmi = _Lpi / _λH

D _mi = D _pi /λ _V

where L _pi and D _pi are the horizontal scale and vertical slope of the ith section of the prototype channel, respectively, and L _mi and D _mi are the horizontal scale and vertical slope of the ith section of the channel in the model channel, respectively. At the same time, the three-dimensional configuration data of the tributary channel can be determined according to the geometric scale.

According to the gravity similarity criterion and the Reynolds number similarity criterion, the horizontal scale λ _H of the model is determined respectively to determine the velocity scale λ _u and the flow scale λ _Q of the experimental fluid.

λ _Q = λ _H ^1.5 λ _V

Because the geometric scale of the experiment is relatively large, the series accumulation effect of the flow scale will make the experimental flow too small, which is not conducive to the experimental operation and measurement. Therefore, a non-Newtonian fluid configured with a thickener is used in the experiment to increase the viscosity of the liquid and reduce the fluid flow rate. The viscosity scale λ _μ , the diffusion scale λ _E and the corrected flow scale λ _Q ′ are:

λ _Q ′=λ _H λ _V

(1-2) Water tank construction: According to the water tank length and slope data calculated by the scale, select the appropriate length of the single-section water tank and the combination of the telescopic mechanism, adjust the position of the bottom plate and the height of the driving mechanism (jacking device) to form each cascade channel The water tank is connected in an S shape through the control area of the hydropower station, and the main flow water tank channel of the _{cascade hydropower} station is assembled and completed;

In the formula, H ₀ is the elevation of the water inlet, and the latter term is the cumulative value of the vertical slope of each section;

Input the three-dimensional configuration data of the tributary into the 3D printer to make an integrated water tank, use the jack to adjust the height of the tributary water tank, connect with the main water tank through the interface, and connect to the fluid control equipment to form a complete experimental water tank module system;

(1-3) Working condition setting and experimental fluid configuration

According to the actual upstream flow Q _p and the downstream water level H _p in the basin where the cascade hydropower station is located, the corresponding ecological dispatching scheme is drawn up, that is, the discharge flow Q _pk of the k-th cascade hydropower station and the downstream reservoir water level H _pk , and the k-th water level is determined according to the hydrological data. 'Upstream flow Q _{pk of a tributary'} . According to the corrected flow scale λ _Q ′ and vertical geometric scale λ _V , the discharge flow Q _mk and reservoir water level H _mk and tributary flow Q _{mk '} of each cascade hydropower station in the tank model in the experiment are drawn up.

According to the stratified characteristics of the measured water temperature in the reservoir area of the hydropower station, the relationship curve T _mk ~ z of the water temperature in the control area of the hydropower station in the experiment is determined according to the geometric scale and the diffusion scale.

According to the pollutant diffusion characteristics of the main stream and tributary stream, the concentration of nutrient tracer (NaCl) was determined according to the geometric scale and the diffusion scale; according to the viscosity scale λ _μ combined with the thickener concentration and viscosity characteristic curve, determine Thickener (nano-SiO ₂ and polyethylene glycol) concentration of the experimental fluid; the mass of NaCl, nano-SiO ₂ and polyethylene glycol incorporated into the experimental fluid blending pool per unit time was determined by combining the experimental flow rates of the main and branch streams.

(2) Experimental stage

(2-1) Hydrological regulation

According to the upstream flow set by the flow scale, the experimental fluid with a fixed flow is extracted from the mixing pool by a pump and pumped into the inlet of the cascade channel water tank and the inlet of the tributary channel water tank, and then flows into the water tank system through the rectification grille to form a simulated upstream flow process.

The experimental fluid enters the control area of each cascade hydropower station through the water tank, and the inlet flow of the control area of the hydropower station is measured by the differential pressure flowmeter 311. According to the flow and water level control requirements, the inflow channel section of each water inlet is controlled to control the inflow flow; The outlet flow, that is, the upstream flow of the lower step, can be calculated using the rectangular weir formula:

Q=2m ₀ bgH ^2.5

In the formula, m ₀ is the flow coefficient, b is the width of the flow channel, g is the gravity accelerator, H is the water head above the weir, and the outlet flow is controlled by adjusting the height of the gate to change the water head H above the weir. The actual output of the single-cascade hydropower station is summed by the following formula:

N=ηλ _Q λ _V QΔH

In the formula, η is the power generation efficiency of the hydropower station, which can be 8.5, and ΔH is the head difference between the upstream and downstream of the cascade hydropower station in the experiment.

(2-2) Ecological regulation

According to the set relation curve of water temperature and depth in the reservoir area, the heating element is used to heat the water body in the reservoir area in layers to form a preset water temperature layered structure. Use the lifting mechanism to adjust the height of the beam gate in front of the water inlet of the hydropower station, change the water intake height of the hydropower station and the corresponding water temperature, and at the same time, monitor the change of the temperature of the water discharged from the hydropower station.

Use the lift motor to adjust the height of the bottom end of the rectifier curtain in the reservoir area, change the effective working area of the reverse osmosis model in the rectifier curtain and the surrounding water flow structure, and control the desalination (NaCl) rate of the rectifier curtain, thereby changing the nutrient salt concentration entering the reservoir area and downstream. .

(2-3) Index measurement

The flow velocity, water level, water temperature and salinity indexes that this experimental system need to measure are uniformly based on the non-contact ultrasonic time difference technology, and the paired multi-parameter probes are used to realize the real-time measurement of the indexes. In the initial state, the measurement control boards on both sides of the water tank adjust the height of each slide rail according to the water depth of the water level according to the data fed back by the water level probe, so that the probes are evenly distributed; The distribution gradient is higher (abrupt), and more probes are intelligently allocated to improve the measurement resolution in this area.

(3) Experimental post-processing stage

Add clean water to the mixing tank, and pump it into the water tank module for flushing. After the NaCl concentration of the fluid in the water tank fed back by the sound velocity probe reaches the standard, the water tank is considered to be cleaned, and each module is disassembled for inspection and repair for the next experiment.

All tail water in the experiment and flushing stages enters the post-treatment equipment for purification, and the water quality reaches the standard before being discharged.

Beneficial effect: The experimental device of the cascade hydropower station of the present invention is based on a specific fluid and a corresponding metamorphosis model, which can realize the real simulation of the river channel of the whole basin with the continuous slope change and the length of hundreds of kilometers, that is, the flow state (velocity and water level) In line with the actual situation, under this premise, the ecological regulation of the downstream water temperature and the ecological regulation of the downstream nutrient concentration can be realized.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural principle diagram of the experimental device of the cascade hydropower station;

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a river channel;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of tributary channel;

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the regulation area of the hydropower station;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental fluid dispensing tank;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of a parameter measurement device;

Fig. 7 is the operation flow chart when the experiment device of cascade hydropower station carries out the experiment;

Fig. 8 is the variation process of the temperature of the discharge water before and after the ecological regulation of the regulation zone of the third cascade hydropower station in the embodiment;

FIG. 9 shows the change process of the nutrient salt concentration in the reservoir area before and after the ecological regulation of the regulation area of the third cascade hydropower station in the embodiment.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the cascade hydropower station ecological control experimental device of the present invention includes a multi-level channel water tank 1, and the multi-level channel water tank 1 is arranged in series in a cascade; a hydropower station control area 3 is arranged between the adjacent river channel water tanks 1; The fluid in the stepped channel tank 1 consists of water, nano-SiO ₂ and polyethylene glycol. The river water tank 1 is composed of a plurality of single-section water tanks 11; the adjacent single-section water tanks 11 are fixedly connected by a telescopic mechanism 12; the river water tank 1 also includes a slope adjustment mechanism 13 and a bottom plate 14. Below the connection between 12 and the single-section water tank 11, the slope adjustment mechanism 13 includes a jacking device 133, and the driving end 132 of the driving mechanism 133 is hinged with the single-section water tank 11; the fixed end of the driving mechanism 133 is fixed on the adapter plate 134, and the rotating Both ends of the connecting plate 134 are fixed with rollers 131, the rollers 131 are embedded in the guide rails 141 on both sides of the bottom plate 14, and the adapter plate 134 slides horizontally along the guide rails 141 through the rollers 131; the bottom of the bottom plate 14 is also provided with a universal wheel 142 , used to move the entire cascade channel 1. The single-section water tank 11 is made of plexiglass; the telescopic mechanism 12 is composed of a plurality of U-shaped frames 121, a waterproof outer lining 122 and an elastic inner lining 123 arranged in parallel and equidistant. The waterproof outer lining 122 is wrapped on the outer surface of the frame 121, The elastic inner lining 123 is composed of several sections of polyethylene composite film, and each section of polyethylene composite film connects two adjacent frames.

The hydropower station control area 3 includes a water inlet 31 located at the lower part of the hydropower station control area 3 and an overflow weir 32 arranged at the butt joint with the downstream river channel 1; along the reverse direction of fluid flow, the lower part of the front end of the water inlet 31 is provided with a stacked beam door 33; the hydropower station The control area 3 is also provided with a rectifying screen 34 on the upper part of the water inlet 31 side; the control area 3 of the hydropower station also includes a heating assembly 35, and the heating assembly 35 is arranged at the joint of the control area 3 of the hydropower station and the upstream channel water tank, and the heating assembly 35 is arranged on the stack. Between the beam door 33 and the fairing screen 34 .

The experimental device for ecological regulation of the cascade hydropower station of the present invention further comprises a tributary channel 2, and the tributary channel 2 is connected with any one of the river channels 1; the tributary channel 2 is composed of an integrated water tank 21 and a supporting structure 22 at the bottom of the integrated water tank 21; the supporting structure 22 is a hydraulic jack, the fixed end of the hydraulic jack is fixed on the bottom plate II23, and the driving end of the hydraulic jack is hinged with the integrated water tank 21. The fluid flowing into the tributary channel 2 consists of water nano-SiO ₂ , polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride.

The experimental device for ecological regulation of the cascade hydropower station of the present invention further includes an experimental fluid dispensing pool 4, and the experimental fluid dispensing pool 4 includes a plurality of independent pool bodies 41, and different pool bodies 41 are connected to the water inlet of the first-level river channel 1 and the tributary channel through the connecting pipe 46 respectively. 2 The water inlet is connected, and the connecting pipe 46 is provided with a water pump 43 and a rectifying grille 42. The experimental device of the present invention also includes a tailgate 44 and a post-processing device 45. The tailgate 44 is used to control the water level of the exit wake; the post-processing device 45 uses the methods of heating, chemical precipitation and filtration to treat the tail water and discharge it after reaching the standard.

The experimental device for ecological regulation of the cascade hydropower station of the present invention also includes parameter measurement equipment 5, and parameter measurement equipment 5 is provided on the outer side wall of the last single-section water tank 11 in each level of the channel water tank 1; the parameter measurement equipment 5 includes a plurality of longitudinally arranged The slide rails 521, each slide rail 521 is provided with a measurement probe 51, and the measurement probe 51 can move laterally along the slide rail 521 on the slide rail 521; the parameter measurement device 5 also includes a controller 52 connected to the measurement probe 51; A flow velocity sensor, a water level sensor and a sound velocity sensor are installed on each slide rail 521 in pairs.

According to the laboratory scale (20m×40m×5m) and the actual scale of the basin where the cascade hydropower station is located (500km*20km*500m), the horizontal scale _λH of the experimental water tank is proposed to be 5000 and the vertical scale _λV is 1000, and the viscosity is determined. The scale λ, the diffusion scale λ _E and the corrected flow scale λ _Q ′ are 70, 3.5×10 ⁵ and 5×10 ⁶ , respectively. Based on the geometric scale, the size data of the cascade channel and tributary channel are as follows: shown:

Adjust the height of the jack 132, use the telescopic mechanism 12 to connect the water tanks of each section of the main stream, and use the hydropower control area 3 to connect the water tanks of each cascade channel; use the photosensitive resin composite material to 3D print the tributary channel 2, the tributary channel 2 and the third channel. The second section of the three-step main flow water tank is spliced to form a complete experimental water tank device.

According to the typical upstream daily average flow process of the cascade reservoir and the nutrient concentration of the main and tributaries, the flow rate, thickener and NaCl concentration variation table of the blending tank is drawn up, and the adjustment is performed in the experimental fluid blending tank 4.

Experiment time (hour:minute) Flow (L/s) Thickener (g/L) NaCl(g/L) 00:00-00:30 0.52 80.24 23.64 00:30-01:00 0.68 83.08 28.73 01:00-01:30 0.57 79.60 24.13 01:30-02:00 0.53 82.34 34.12 02:00-02:30 0.49 78.62 32.87 02:30-03:00 0.47 77.26 27.56 03:00-03:30 0.58 85.67 24.67 03:30-04:00 0.51 84.42 29.43

After the start of the experiment, the experimental fluid was supplied to the main stream and the tributary stream respectively from the mixing tank through the water pump. Step by step, the hydropower station inlet flowmeter and outlet gate are used to control the inlet and outlet flow for hydrological regulation, and measuring probes are used to record the flow velocity and water level at key locations. After the flow is stable, adjust the height of the stacked beam gate to control the water temperature, adjust the effective height of the rectifying screen to control the nutrient salt, collect ecological index data, compare different control schemes, and finally obtain the control data of each step, and summarize the data of some time periods. As shown in the table below:

Figures 8 and 9 are plotted on the data of water temperature and nutrient in the reservoir area of the hydropower station before and after the collection of the third step ecological regulation, indicating that the ecological regulation has the effect of increasing the temperature of the discharge water and reducing the nutrient concentration in the reservoir area.

Claims (7)

1. Ladder with adjustable heightEcological regulation and control experimental apparatus of level power station, its characterized in that: the river channel water tank comprises a plurality of stages of river channel water tanks (1), wherein the plurality of stages of river channel water tanks (1) are sequentially connected in series and are arranged in a step shape; a hydropower station regulation and control area (3) is arranged between the adjacent river channels (1); the fluid in the step river channel water tank (1) consists of water and nano SiO ₂ And polyethylene glycol; the river channel water tank (1) is formed by splicing a plurality of single water tanks (11); the adjacent single water tanks (11) are fixedly connected through a telescopic mechanism (12); the riverway water tank (1) further comprises a slope regulating mechanism (13) and a bottom plate (14), the slope regulating mechanism (13) is arranged below the joint of the telescopic mechanism (12) and the single-section water tank (11), the slope regulating mechanism (13) comprises a driving mechanism (133), and a driving end (132) of the driving mechanism (133) is hinged with the single-section water tank (11); the fixed end of the driving mechanism (133) is fixed on the adapter plate (134), the two ends of the adapter plate (134) are fixedly connected with the rollers (131), the rollers (131) are embedded into the guide rails (141) on the two sides of the bottom plate (14), and the adapter plate (134) horizontally slides along the guide rails (141) through the rollers (131); the single water tank (11) is made of organic glass; the telescopic mechanism (12) consists of a plurality of U-shaped frames (121) arranged in parallel, a waterproof outer lining (122) and an elastic inner lining (123), wherein the waterproof outer lining (122) is wrapped on the outer surface of the U-shaped frames (121), the elastic inner lining (123) is a polyethylene composite film, and the adjacent U-shaped frames (121) are connected through the polyethylene composite film; the hydropower station regulation and control area (3) comprises a water inlet (31) positioned at the lower part of the hydropower station regulation and control area (3) and an overflow weir (32) arranged at the joint with the downstream river channel water tank (1); a stop log door (33) is arranged at the lower part of the front end of the water inlet (31) along the opposite direction of the fluid flow; a rectifying curtain (34) is also arranged at the upper part of the hydropower station regulation area (3) on the water inlet (31) side; the hydropower station regulation and control area (3) also comprises a heating assembly (35); the heating assembly (35) is arranged at the joint of the hydropower station regulation area (3) and the upstream river channel water tank (1) and is positioned between the stop log door (33) and the rectifying curtain (34).

2. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the river channel system also comprises a branch river channel (2), wherein the branch river channel (2) is connected with any one of the river channel water tanks (1); the branch river channel (2) is composed of an integrated water tank (21) and a supporting structure (22) located at the bottom of the integrated water tank (21).

3. The ecological regulation and control experimental device for the cascade hydropower station according to claim 2, characterized in that: the supporting structure (22) is a hydraulic jacking device, the fixed end of the hydraulic jacking device is fixed on the bottom plate II (23), and the driving end of the hydraulic jacking device is hinged with the integrated water tank (21).

4. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: still include experiment fluid allotment pond (4), experiment fluid allotment pond (4) include cell body (41) that many check are independent, and different cell bodies (41) are connected through connecting pipe (46) and first-stage river course basin (1) water inlet and tributary river course (2) water inlet respectively, are equipped with water pump (43) and rectification grid (42) on connecting pipe (46).

5. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 4, which is characterized in that: the fluid flowing into the branch river channel (2) is composed of water and nano SiO ₂ Polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride.

6. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the device is characterized by also comprising parameter measuring equipment (5), wherein the outer side wall of the last section of single-section water tank (11) in each stage of river channel water tank (1) is provided with the parameter measuring equipment (5); the parameter measuring device (5) comprises a plurality of rows of measuring probes (51) arranged along the longitudinal direction and a controller (52) connected with the measuring probes (51); each row of measuring probes (51) consists of a flow velocity sensor, a water level sensor and a sound velocity sensor which are arranged in pairs.

7. The ecological regulation and control experimental device for the cascade hydropower station according to claim 1, characterized in that: determining the horizontal scale lambda of the water channel of the multi-stage river channel based on the actual size of the prototype river channel to be simulated _H And vertical scale lambda _V Wherein λ is _H ≥λ _V Geometric transformation ratio of lambda _H /λ _V Less than or equal to 5; calculating the gradient subsection of the water channel between the steps according to the actual gradient change of the prototype river channel between the stepsHorizontal dimension and vertical slope of each section of single-section water tank:

L _mi ＝L _pi /λ _H

D _mi ＝D _pi /λ _V

in the formula, L _pi And D _pi Respectively the horizontal scale and the vertical slope of the ith section of the prototype river course, L _mi And D _mi Respectively the horizontal dimension and the vertical slope of the ith water-saving groove in the model river channel water tank; meanwhile, determining three-dimensional configuration data of the tributary river channel according to the geometric scale according to the formula;

according to the gravity similarity criterion and the Reynolds number similarity criterion, determining the horizontal scale lambda of the experimental device _H Determining a flow rate scale lambda of a test fluid _u Lambda of proportional scale _Q ：

λ _Q ＝λ _H ^1.5 λ _V

The non-Newtonian fluid is adopted to increase the viscosity of the liquid, reduce the flow rate of the fluid and compare the viscosity of the fluid with the lambda _μ Diffusion scale lambda _E And corrected flow rate scale lambda _Q ' is:

λ _Q '＝λ _H λ _V 。

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