CN113802030A - A rare earth superalloy construction material and its over-limit precision casting method - Google Patents
A rare earth superalloy construction material and its over-limit precision casting method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The invention provides a rare earth superalloy construction material and an ultralimit precision casting method thereof, wherein the material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.0001 to 2.0 percent of rare earth element; the balance of high-temperature alloy; the rare earth element is one or more of Sc, Y and La series elements. The ultralimit precision casting method comprises the following steps: carrying out structural topology or fractal design to obtain a required construction structure; preparing the wax mould of the construction structure by adopting a wax mould 3D printing technology, pressing the wax mould of the casting system, assembling the wax mould of the casting system on the wax mould of the construction structure, and then carrying out multiple slurry pasting and sand spraying operations, wherein after the sand spraying operation is carried out for the second time, the core filling operation is carried out, after dewaxing roasting, the rare earth high-temperature alloy bar is smelted, and gravity or centrifugal precision casting is carried out to obtain the final rare earth high-temperature alloy construction material. The invention greatly improves the formability of the high-temperature alloy, enables the high-temperature alloy to well fill a complex dense gap structure and provides a basic material for the development of construction materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of design and preparation of new high-temperature materials, in particular to a rare earth high-temperature alloy construction material and an ultralimit precision casting method thereof.
Background
Rare earth has the reputation of industrial vitamin, and the addition of trace rare earth elements can strengthen the matrix and the crystal boundary of the material and greatly improve the strength and the plasticity of the material. The high-temperature alloy works stably for a long time at the temperature of more than 600 ℃, is widely used for manufacturing hot end components of aeroengines and hypersonic aircrafts, is indispensable and irreplaceable in aerospace major equipment, and the addition of the rare earth can purify high-temperature alloy melt, improve the forming property and metallurgical quality of the high-temperature alloy and greatly improve the oxidation resistance of the high-temperature alloy within a certain component range. However, the higher density of the superalloy itself limits its range of use in the new generation of high performance aircraft. The weight reduction of the structure through the porous structure design is one of important ways for lightening the weight of the high-temperature alloy. In the field of traditional porous material research, researchers have constructed a series of semi-quantitative formulas to express the relationship between their structure and performance, most classically the Gibson-Ashby formula for the relationship between modulus and strength and density,
in the above formula, E, σ and ρ are the elastic modulus, strength and density of the porous material, respectively, E0，σ0And ρ0The modulus of elasticity, strength and density of the parent material, respectively, and n and m are constant terms related to the pore structure. For a traditional metal porous material such as foamed aluminum and the like which mainly adopts a bending deformation mechanism, n is 2, and m is 1.5. That is, the elastic modulus and yield strength of the porous material are respectively proportional to the relative density to the powers of 2 and 1.5, which is a theoretical basis for the conventional metal porous material to show lower strength and rigidity and cannot be used as a material of a load-bearing structure.
In recent years, researchers develop a new method to start with the porous structure design, and research and develop novel porous hierarchical construction materials by combining novel preparation technologies such as 3D printing and the like through the regular pore structure design similar to crystal lattice. The construction material is a solid material which contains a certain amount of pores inside to meet specific requirements, the porosity is usually more than 10%, the size of the pores is usually smaller than centimeter magnitude, and the pore size can be designed in a grading way. Compared with the traditional porous material, the porous structure design of the porous building material is more flexible and changeable, the regulation and control of the performance can be realized through the porous structure design, and the novel building material with the extraordinary performance such as the negative Poisson ratio can be developed. Compared with porous construction materials made of other materials, the high-temperature alloy construction material inherits the excellent toughness, machinability and high-temperature resistance of the compact alloy material, can better meet the urgent requirements of aerospace structure designers on high-temperature resistance, light weight and high-strength performance, and has wide application prospect. However, the traditional forge casting welding processing technology has a great challenge in the preparation of construction materials, especially high-temperature alloy construction materials, and the novel metal additive manufacturing technology is difficult to realize the 3D printing and forming of the high-temperature alloy with extreme high temperature resistance. In addition, the high-temperature alloy construction material with the multi-scale dense microporous structure obviously exceeds the limit of the traditional precision casting technology, and the ultralimit precision casting technology research of a deep system needs to be urgently developed, so that the ultralimit precision forming problem of the rare earth high-temperature alloy construction material is solved.
Through searching, no technical report which is the same as or similar to the purpose of the invention is found at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rare earth superalloy construction material and an ultralimit precision casting method thereof.
According to one aspect of the invention, the rare earth superalloy construction material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.0001 to 2.0 percent of rare earth element
The balance of high-temperature alloy;
wherein: the rare earth element is one or more of Sc, Y and lanthanum (La) series elements.
Preferably, the high-temperature alloy is a casting high-temperature alloy, and in this case, the addition amount of the rare earth element is 1ppm to 1.0 percent by mass.
Preferably, the high-temperature alloy is a forging high-temperature alloy, and the adding amount of the rare earth element is 1 ppm-0.5% by mass percent.
Preferably, the high-temperature alloy is a forging high-temperature alloy, and the adding amount of the rare earth element is 1 ppm-2.0% by mass percent.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a rare earth superalloy construction material, comprising:
putting the selected high-temperature alloy raw material rod into the bottom of a magnesia crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, and vacuumizing a smelting chamber until the vacuum degree is 10-5Pa, gradually increasing power melting heightThe temperature alloy raw material rod is refined between 1550 ℃ and 1650 ℃ according to different grades of high-temperature alloy, the temperature of the high-temperature melt is reduced to 1500 ℃, rare earth is added, and the rare earth high-temperature alloy rod is poured into a die to obtain the rare earth high-temperature alloy rod.
According to the grade of the high-temperature alloy, the rare earth high-temperature alloy component can be manufactured and molded by casting, forging or powder making and material increasing.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for ultraprecision casting of a rare earth superalloy construction material, comprising:
by taking the crystal structure or the porous structure widely existing in the nature as a reference, the structural topology or fractal design of the rare earth superalloy construction material is carried out to obtain the required construction structure;
preparing the wax mould of the construction structure by adopting a wax mould 3D printing technology, pressing the wax mould of the casting system, assembling the wax mould of the casting system on the wax mould of the construction structure, and then carrying out multiple slurry pasting and sand spraying operations, wherein after the sand spraying operation is carried out for the second time, the core filling operation is carried out, after dewaxing and roasting, the rare earth high-temperature alloy bar with good filling capacity is smelted, and then gravity or centrifugal precision casting is carried out to obtain the final rare earth high-temperature alloy construction material.
Preferably, the gravity or centrifugal precision casting is carried out, wherein the rare earth superalloy rod is of a round structure, and centrifugal casting is adopted, so that the mold filling pressure is enhanced, and molten metal of the superalloy is saved.
Preferably, the gravity or centrifugal precision casting is carried out, wherein the rare earth superalloy rod is of a non-circular structure, and gravity casting is adopted to ensure the macro-component uniformity of the rare earth superalloy construction material.
The invention can obtain the rare earth high-temperature alloy construction material with high performance and light weight by the extreme precision manufacturing method.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the first principle and high-flux phase diagram calculation are adopted, rare earth elements are screened to optimize the melt characteristics of the traditional high-temperature alloy, the formability of the high-temperature alloy is greatly improved, the high-temperature alloy can well fill a complex dense gap structure, and a basic material is provided for building material development.
The invention realizes the optimized design of the multilevel construction structure with light weight and high performance by using the crystal structure or the porous structure widely existing in the nature for reference and carrying out the design of the multilevel construction structure. The method has the advantages that the precise structural design of the multilevel construction material is reproduced through the 3D printing of the wax mould, the ultralimit precise casting technology is combined, the molding of the rare earth high-temperature alloy construction material is realized, and the powerful technical support is provided for the function realization of advanced hot end parts of aerospace.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a 3D printing construction wax pattern according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 illustrates a core filling operation of a build material in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a rare earth superalloy construction material in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a rare earth superalloy construction material having a deep-sea basket cell structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a microstructure of a K4002-based rare earth superalloy construction material in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a K4002-based rare earth superalloy coupon in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the IN617 superalloy formed an intermediate oxide layer after rare earth addition IN accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is the oxidation weight gain curve of IN617 superalloy after rare earth addition IN accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the defects of the prior high-temperature alloy in the aspects of overrun casting capacity and light weight preparation technology, the invention aims to provide a rare earth high-temperature alloy construction material which has controllable structural density, adjustable mechanical property and certain heat insulation and shock absorption functions, is prepared by optimizing the characteristics of a high-temperature alloy melt through rare earth, improving the filling capacity of a fine structure of the high-temperature alloy melt and combining a hierarchical construction structure design and an overrun precision casting method, thereby greatly widening the application scene of the high-temperature alloy and providing support for the development of aerospace major equipment.
The embodiment of the invention provides a rare earth superalloy construction material, which is based on the service temperature and load requirements of aerospace key components, determines and selects a high-temperature alloy brand according to a related high-temperature alloy material manual or literature, calculates and screens rare earth elements through a first principle and a high-flux phase diagram, determines that the rare earth elements available for a high-temperature alloy material system are Sc, Y and lanthanum (La) series elements, and determines the addition amount of the rare earth elements by adding single rare earth elements or adding mixed rare earth elements based on thermophysical calculation of the alloy material. The total addition amount is converted by calculating the burning loss amount in the smelting process of the high-temperature alloy master alloy, and according to the different types and brands of the selected high-temperature alloys, the addition amount of the rare earth elements of the casting high-temperature alloy is determined to be 0.0001-1.0 percent by mass percent, the addition amount of the rare earth elements of the forging high-temperature alloy is 0.0001-0.5 percent by mass percent, and the addition amount of the rare earth elements of the additive manufacturing high-temperature alloy is 0.0001-2.0 percent by mass percent.
For the rare earth superalloy construction material, the specific preparation process adopted in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: putting the selected high-temperature alloy raw material rod into the bottom of a magnesia crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, and vacuumizing a smelting chamber until the vacuum degree is 10-5Pa, gradually increasing power to melt the high-temperature alloy raw material rod, refining at 1550-1650 ℃ (for 10 minutes or other time) according to different grades of the high-temperature alloy, cooling the high-temperature melt to 1500 ℃, adding 99.99% of high-purity rare earth, and pouring into a die to obtain the rare earth high-temperature alloy rod. Based on the obtained rare earth superalloy bar, the height can be further determinedThe grade of the temperature alloy can be cast, forged or made into powder to increase the material to manufacture and mold the rare earth high-temperature alloy component.
Based on the rare earth superalloy construction material, the rare earth superalloy bar and the like, the embodiment of the invention also provides a limit precision manufacturing method of the rare earth superalloy construction material, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, carrying out structural topology or fractal design on the rare earth superalloy construction material by taking the crystal structure or the porous structure widely existing in the nature as reference, and obtaining the required construction structure. Specifically, structural topology or fractal design can be performed based on typical structures such as seven crystal systems of crystals, deep-sea flower baskets, rhinoceros beak and the like, and one-stage or multi-stage lightweight complex construction structure design is completed on the basis of meeting the requirements of certain structural density, load and the like. The construction material often has a complex space structure, and the limit thin-wall size range of the optimized complex construction structure is 0.5-2.5 mm, which exceeds the forming limit of the traditional precision casting technology, and the construction material must be formed by adopting the ultralimit precision casting technology.
S2 ultralimit precision casting technology
The wax mould with the built structure is prepared by adopting a wax mould 3D printing technology, the wax mould with the built structure is pressed to form a casting system wax mould, the casting system wax mould is assembled on the wax mould with the complex built structure, and then slurry sticking and sand pouring operations are carried out for a plurality of times, wherein after sand pouring for the second time, in order to ensure that the complex built structure part can have better shell strength, core filling operation is carried out, and after dewaxing roasting, rare earth high-temperature alloy bars with good filling capacity are smelted, and gravity or centrifugal precision casting is carried out. The principle of selection is that centrifugal casting is adopted for a circular structure so as to enhance the mold filling pressure and save high-temperature alloy molten metal; for the non-circular structure, gravity casting is adopted to ensure the macro-composition uniformity of the rare earth superalloy construction material. By the ultimate precision manufacturing method, the rare earth superalloy construction material with high performance and light weight can be obtained.
To better illustrate the above embodiments of the invention, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with specific alloys:
practice ofExample 1: based on the service temperature and load requirements of a certain aerospace key component, K418B high-temperature alloy is selected, rare earth Y element is calculated and screened through a first principle and a high-flux phase diagram, and the addition mode is single rare earth element addition. Calculating the burning loss of the master alloy of the high-temperature alloy in the smelting process to be 0.3 percent of the total addition amount by mass percent, putting a K418B high-temperature alloy raw material rod at the bottom of a magnesia crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, and vacuumizing a smelting chamber until the temperature reaches 10 percent-5Pa, gradually increasing power to melt the high-temperature alloy raw material rod, refining at 1570 ℃ for 10 minutes, reducing the temperature of the high-temperature melt to 1500 ℃, adding 99.99% of high-purity rare earth Y element in a vacuum environment, and pouring into a mold to obtain the K418B-based rare earth high-temperature alloy rod.
Based on a cubic metal crystal structure, a first-level construction structure is designed, the diameter of a rod system in the construction structure is 1.0mm, and the dense rod system structure with the diameter of 1.0mm exceeds the limit of a forming technology paradigm that a mold is firstly manufactured and then a wax mold is pressed in the traditional precision casting. Therefore, a wax pattern of the first-level construction structure is prepared by adopting a wax pattern 3D printing technology, as shown in figure 1. Pressing a casting system wax pattern, assembling the casting system wax pattern on a first-level construction structure wax pattern, performing slurry sticking and sand pouring operation for five times, and performing core filling operation between dense rod systems with the diameter of 1.0mm after sand pouring for the second time in order to ensure that the first-level construction structure part can have better shell strength, as shown in figure 2. After dewaxing and roasting, smelting a K418B-based rare earth high-temperature alloy bar with good filling capacity, and performing gravity precision casting molding to ensure the macro-component uniformity of the rare earth high-temperature alloy construction material. By the above extreme precision manufacturing method, a K418B-based rare earth superalloy construction material having both high performance and light weight can be obtained, as shown in FIG. 3.
Example 2:
this embodiment operates the same as embodiment 1 above, except that: 0.0001 percent of rare earth Y element and 0.7 percent of rare earth Sc element are mixed and added to finally prepare the rare earth superalloy construction material with the deep-sea basket cell structure by precision casting, as shown in figure 4.
Example 3:
based on a certain aviation key structureAccording to the service temperature and load requirements of the part, K4002 high-temperature alloy is selected, rare earth Y element is calculated and screened through a first principle and a high-flux phase diagram, and the adding mode is that single rare earth element is added. Calculating the burning loss of the high-temperature alloy master alloy in the smelting process to convert the total addition amount into 0.1 percent by mass, putting a K4002 high-temperature alloy raw material rod into the bottom of a magnesia crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, and vacuumizing a smelting chamber until the vacuum is 10 percent-5Pa, gradually increasing power to melt the high-temperature alloy raw material rod, refining for 10 minutes at 1600 ℃, reducing the temperature of the high-temperature melt to 1500 ℃, adding 99.99 percent of high-purity rare earth Y element in a vacuum environment, and pouring the high-temperature alloy raw material rod into a mould to obtain the K4002-based rare earth high-temperature alloy rod. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing rare earth superalloy powder by using a rotary spraying method, screening particles, selecting additive manufacturing process parameters of 18mA of melting current, 6m/s of scanning speed and 800 ℃ of substrate preheating temperature on an electron beam additive manufacturing machine, and forming a K4002-based rare earth superalloy construction material cell structure by additive manufacturing, wherein the microstructure of the cell structure is shown in figure 5, the overall forming quality is good, the limitation of additive manufacturing technology on high-temperature alloy forming is broken through, and the verification that the invention can also optimize the high-temperature alloy additive manufacturing forming performance with high strengthening phase fraction, and the direct additive manufacturing forming of the rare earth superalloy construction material is realized.
Example 4:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that: 1.7% of rare earth element Y was added, and the rest was the same as in example 3.
In this example, a K4002-based rare earth superalloy test block with good appearance quality and excellent performance was also additively manufactured, as shown in fig. 6. Experiments show that the additive manufacturing and molding can be realized by adding the mixed rare earth or the single rare earth within the range of adding the components.
Example 5:
based on the service temperature and load requirements of a certain power station key component, IN617 is selected to forge high-temperature alloy, rare earth Y element is calculated and screened through a first principle and a high-flux phase diagram, and the adding mode is single rare earth element adding. IN the process of smelting high-temperature alloy master alloy, the burning loss is calculated to be 0.1 percent IN terms of the total addition mass percent, and IN617 is forged to be higherPutting a warm alloy raw material rod into the bottom of a magnesia crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, and vacuumizing a smelting chamber until the temperature is 10 DEG-5Pa, gradually increasing power to melt the high-temperature alloy raw material rod, refining at 1620 ℃ for 10 minutes, reducing the temperature of the high-temperature melt to 1500 ℃, adding 99.99 percent of high-purity rare earth Y element IN a vacuum environment, and pouring into a mould to obtain the IN 617-based rare earth high-temperature alloy bar. The IN 617-based rare earth high-temperature alloy plate is obtained after forging forming, the construction material is prepared by a deformation forming method, the cut residual material is processed into a square sheet with the thickness of 12 multiplied by 2mm, and an oxidation performance test is carried out IN a high-temperature furnace, and the result shows that an intermediate oxidation layer is formed IN the near-surface area of the IN617 high-temperature alloy after rare earth is added, so that the oxidation resistance of the IN617 high-temperature alloy is improved by more than 30 percent at 1000 ℃. Experiments show that the mixed rare earth or single rare earth added in the range of the components can provide oxidation resistance to different degrees.
FIG. 8 is the oxidation weight gain curve of IN617 superalloy after rare earth addition IN accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the multilevel construction structure design is carried out by taking advantage of the crystal structure or the porous structure widely existing in the nature, so that the optimized design of the multilevel construction structure with light weight and high performance is realized. The method has the advantages that the precise structural design of the multilevel construction material is reproduced through the 3D printing of the wax mould, the ultralimit precise casting technology is combined, the molding of the rare earth high-temperature alloy construction material is realized, and the powerful technical support is provided for the function realization of advanced hot end parts of aerospace.
The invention greatly improves the formability of the high-temperature alloy, enables the high-temperature alloy to well fill a complex dense gap structure and provides a basic material for the development of construction materials.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above-described preferred features may be used in any combination without conflict with each other.
Claims (10)
1. The rare earth superalloy construction material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
0.0001 to 2.0 percent of rare earth element
The balance of high-temperature alloy;
wherein: the rare earth element is one or more of Sc, Y and La series elements.
2. The rare earth superalloy construction material of claim 1, wherein the superalloy is a casting superalloy, and the rare earth element is added in an amount of 0.0001% to 1.0% by mass.
3. The rare earth superalloy construction material of claim 1, wherein the superalloy is a wrought superalloy, and wherein the rare earth element is added in an amount of 0.0001% to 0.5% by mass.
4. The rare earth superalloy construction material of claim 1, wherein the superalloy is a wrought superalloy, and wherein the rare earth element is added in an amount of 0.0001% to 2.0% by mass.
5. A method of making a rare earth superalloy construction material as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
putting the selected high-temperature alloy raw material rod into the bottom of a magnesia crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, and vacuumizing a smelting chamber until the vacuum degree is 10-5Pa, gradually increasing power to melt the high-temperature alloy raw material rod, refining at 1550-1650 ℃ according to different grades of the high-temperature alloy, cooling the high-temperature melt to 1500 ℃, adding rare earth, and pouring into a die to obtain the rare earth high-temperature alloy rod.
6. A method of ultraprecision casting using the rare earth superalloy construction material of claim 1, comprising:
s1, carrying out structural topology or fractal design of the rare earth superalloy construction material to obtain a required construction structure;
s2, preparing the wax mould of the construction structure by adopting a wax mould 3D printing technology, pressing the wax mould of the casting system, assembling the wax mould of the casting system on the wax mould of the construction structure, and then carrying out multiple slurry sticking and sand pouring operations, wherein after the sand pouring operation is carried out for the second time, the core filling operation is carried out, after dewaxing roasting, the rare earth high-temperature alloy bar with good filling capacity is smelted, and gravity or centrifugal precision casting is carried out to obtain the final rare earth high-temperature alloy construction material.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the gravity or centrifugal casting is performed to form a round bar of the rare earth superalloy, and wherein centrifugal casting is used to increase the mold filling pressure and save molten superalloy metal.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the gravity or centrifugal precision casting is performed, wherein the rare earth superalloy construction material is of a non-circular configuration, and wherein gravity casting is used to ensure macro-compositional uniformity of the rare earth superalloy construction material.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the structural topology or fractal design of the rare earth superalloy construction material is performed, wherein: the dilute structure topology or fractal design is carried out by taking the crystal structure or the porous structure widely existing in the natural world as a reference.
10. The method for ultraprecision casting of rare earth superalloy construction material as claimed in claim 9, wherein the crystalline structure or the naturally occurring porous structure comprises any one or more of seven crystal systems of a crystal, a deep sea flower basket, and a rhinoceros beak.
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