CN113797728B - Treatment method for generating smoke in valuable secondary material treatment process - Google Patents
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- CN113797728B CN113797728B CN202111160497.XA CN202111160497A CN113797728B CN 113797728 B CN113797728 B CN 113797728B CN 202111160497 A CN202111160497 A CN 202111160497A CN 113797728 B CN113797728 B CN 113797728B
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
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- B01D53/005—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by heat treatment
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
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- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
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Abstract
The invention provides a treatment method for generating smoke in the treatment process of valuable secondary materials, which comprises the following steps: 1) Pre-dedusting smoke; 2) The flue gas temperature is controlled to be cooled randomly, and semi-dry desulfurization is carried out by spraying quicklime powder and active carbon powder; 3) The ash collected by the primary bag-type dust collector is recycled; 4) Adopting a regenerative incinerator to perform secondary combustion on the flue gas, spraying urea solution into a combustion chamber, and performing denitration by adopting an SNCR method; 5) Carrying out heat exchange on the subsequent flue gas and the flue gas from the heat accumulating type incinerator, and lifting the flue gas entering the chimney to more than 120 ℃; 6) Spraying active carbon into the flue gas rapidly to fully mix the active carbon and the flue gas, and removing active carbon powder by a secondary bag-type dust remover; 7) Adopting sodium hydroxide solution or sodium carbonate solution to carry out secondary desulfurization; 8) And (5) carrying out reinforced desulfurization supplement on the flue gas subjected to the secondary desulfurization. The invention realizes high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection and ultra clean emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection smoke treatment, and particularly relates to a treatment method for smoke generated in a valuable secondary material treatment process.
Background
The valuable secondary materials such as copper-containing and nickel-containing sludge and electronic waste have complex components, contain various metals and organic matters, face two major problems of environmental pollution and comprehensive recovery in the treatment process, and mainly comprise two processes of a fire process and a wet process:
The fire method comprises the traditional closed oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace method, rotary incinerator method, top-blown furnace method and the like, and the flue gas treatment generally adopts the processes of inclined flue, ash precipitation barrel, air heat exchange surface cooler, cloth bag dust collection, alkaline method (calcium, sodium, magnesium and the like are used as desulfurizing agents) desulfurization and chimney discharge. The combustion-supporting temperature of the fuel for the secondary combustion chamber is increased to be more than 800 ℃ before the inclined flue, the fuel is kept for more than 2s to promote the decomposition of dioxin (PCDD/Fs) substances, and then the fuel is quenched to 200 ℃ within 2s to prevent the resynthesis of the dioxin (PCDD/Fs) substances; thus, although the standard emission of dioxin (PCDD/Fs) substances can be basically met, the heat energy loss is large, and the energy is not saved and the economy is not realized.
The wet recovery method is to leach out valuable secondary materials such as copper-containing, nickel-containing sludge and electronic waste by using mediums such as inorganic strong acid, alkali and the like, so that most metals (including noble metals and base metals) in the valuable secondary materials such as copper-containing, nickel-containing sludge and electronic waste are dissolved and enter a liquid phase, and then the noble metals and other base metals are recovered from the liquid phase.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a treatment method for generating smoke in the treatment process of valuable secondary materials with high efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection and ultra-clean emission, aiming at the problems existing in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The treatment method for generating the smoke in the valuable secondary material treatment process comprises the following steps:
1) Pre-dedusting the flue gas by adopting a settling chamber;
2) The flue gas temperature is controlled to be randomly cooled, and after the temperature is reduced to 220 ℃ to 240 ℃, quicklime powder and active carbon powder are sprayed into the flue gas to carry out semi-dry desulfurization;
3) Collecting ash including smoke dust, unreacted lime powder, desulphurized slag and active carbon powder by a first-stage bag-type dust collector, and recycling the collected ash;
4) Adopting a regenerative incinerator to perform secondary combustion on the flue gas, heating to above 800 ℃, spraying urea solution into a combustion chamber, and performing denitration by adopting an SNCR method;
5) Carrying out heat exchange on the subsequent flue gas and the flue gas from the heat accumulating type incinerator, and lifting the flue gas entering the chimney to more than 120 ℃;
6) Spraying active carbon into the flue gas rapidly to fully mix the active carbon and the flue gas, and removing active carbon powder by a secondary bag-type dust remover;
7) Adopting sodium hydroxide solution or sodium carbonate solution to carry out secondary desulfurization;
8) And (3) carrying out reinforced desulfurization supplement on the flue gas subjected to the secondary desulfurization to ensure the ultra-clean emission of the flue gas.
Preferably, in the step 1), the flue gas is pre-dedusted by adopting a large-volume sedimentation chamber with the volume of not less than 90 cubic meters.
Preferably, in the step 2), a controllable water medium surface cooler is adopted to cool down the flue gas temperature in a controllable mode at random.
Preferably, the quicklime powder is formulated as a 10% lime milk solution.
Preferably, in the step 3), the collected soot is recycled to the ball/brick making system for recycling.
Preferably, in step 4), the flue gas temperature is quenched from above 800 ℃ to below 200 ℃ within 2s by the rapid cooling function of the efficient heat storage process of the internal honeycomb tiles.
More preferably, in step 4), a 10% urea solution is used.
Preferably, in step 7), the secondary desulfurization is performed in a double-alkali desulfurization tower, wherein the sodium hydroxide solution is 10% sodium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, step 7) further comprises: the desulfurization liquid is regenerated by calcium oxide, and the desulfurization gypsum is used as a byproduct after being refined.
Preferably, the primary bag-type dust remover and the secondary bag-type dust remover are both pulse bag-type dust removers.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the large-volume sedimentation chamber is adopted, so that the flow rate of flue gas is reduced, and the dust removal effect is improved.
2. And adopting a controllable aqueous medium surface cooler to cool the flue gas temperature to a required temperature in a controllable random manner.
3. The semi-dry desulfurization is adopted, the flue gas temperature is controlled, the operation is stable, and the operation environment is good; spraying quicklime powder and active carbon can quickly absorb peculiar smell and protect a dust remover cloth bag.
4. The pulse bag dust collector is used for collecting smoke dust, unreacted lime powder, desulfurization slag, a small amount of active carbon powder and the like, and the collected smoke dust is reused in a ball (brick) making system, so that the smoke dust removal rate reaches more than 99%.
5. The heat accumulating type high temperature incinerator (RTO) is adopted, so that the energy consumption is low, the temperature can be quickly reduced while heat is accumulated, and urea solution is sprayed into the high temperature combustion chamber, so that the denitration and dioxin removal are synchronously realized.
6. The flue gas heat exchanger is adopted, so that the waste heat of flue gas at the outlet of the heat accumulating type high-temperature incinerator (RTO) is fully utilized, and the purpose of whitening is achieved.
7. And the activated carbon is quickly sprayed into the flue gas through the activated carbon spraying device, so that the activated carbon and the flue gas are fully mixed, and the better dioxin and peculiar smell absorption effect is achieved.
8. After activated carbon powder is sprayed into flue gas from a regenerative incinerator (RTO), the flue gas is removed by a secondary bag-type dust remover, and the activated carbon powder is attached to the surface of a bag when the flue gas passes through the bag, so that the effect of absorbing dioxin and peculiar smell is further improved.
9. And because the semi-dry desulfurization efficiency does not meet the discharge requirement, 10% sodium hydroxide solution or sodium carbonate solution is adopted in an alkaline desulfurization tower to carry out secondary desulfurization. The desulfurization liquid is regenerated by calcium oxide, and the desulfurization gypsum is used as a byproduct after being refined.
10. And the flue gas from the double-alkali desulfurization tower is subjected to reinforced desulfurization supplement, so that the ultra-clean discharge of the flue gas is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the flue gas treatment process of the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this invention is not limited to the details given herein.
Referring to fig. 1, the treatment method for generating smoke in the treatment process of valuable secondary materials mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Flue gas pre-dedusting: aiming at the characteristics of large smoke concentration and easy blockage of a flue of the smelting furnace, a large-volume sedimentation chamber with the volume not less than 90 cubic meters is adopted, the flow rate of flue gas is reduced, the dust removal effect is increased, the dust removal efficiency reaches 55-60%, and the temperature of the flue gas is 400-500 ℃.
(2) Controllable aqueous medium surface cooler: the flue gas temperature is controlled to be cooled randomly, and the flue gas is cooled to 220 ℃ to 240 ℃ and then enters a semi-dry desulfurization tower.
(3) Semi-dry desulfurizing tower: the primary desulfurization of the flue gas is carried out by spraying 10% lime milk solution, contacting the flue gas with lime milk, then spraying active carbon powder, the desulfurization efficiency is 65-70%, and the outlet temperature is about 170 ℃.
(4) Quicklime powder and active carbon spraying device: the moisture of the flue gas is controlled, the peculiar smell of the flue gas is absorbed, and the dust removing cloth bag is protected.
(5) A primary bag-type dust remover: the pulse bag dust collector is used for collecting smoke dust, unreacted lime powder, desulfurization slag, a small amount of active carbon powder and the like, and the collected smoke dust is reused in a ball (brick) making system, so that the smoke dust removal rate reaches more than 99%.
(6) Regenerative high temperature incinerator (RTO): the flue gas is heated to more than 800 ℃ through secondary combustion by a primary bag-type dust collector at the temperature of 130-150 ℃ at an outlet, dioxin (PCDD/Fs) substances in the flue gas are basically decomposed, 10% urea solution is sprayed into a combustion chamber, denitration is realized by adopting an SNCR method, the denitration and removal of the dioxin are synchronously realized, meanwhile, the flue gas heat energy after heating is fully recycled through the rapid cooling function of an efficient heat storage process of an internal honeycomb ceramic tile, the fuel cost is greatly reduced, the energy saving efficiency can reach more than 95%, on the other hand, the flue gas temperature can be ensured to be quenched from more than 800 ℃ to less than 200 ℃ within 2 seconds, and the resynthesis of the dioxin (PCDD/Fs) substances in the flue gas can be effectively reduced, so that the dioxin (PCDD/Fs) substances are discharged up to the standard.
(7) Heat exchanger: the temperature of the flue gas from the regenerative incinerator (RTO) is 200-220 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to below 60 ℃ in consideration of the fact that the subsequent desulfurization adopts wet desulfurization, the humidity of the flue gas is high, white smoke is easy to generate, waste heat utilization is further carried out, the subsequent flue gas and the flue gas from the regenerative incinerator are subjected to heat exchange, and the flue gas entering a chimney is raised to above 120 ℃, so that the purpose of whitening is achieved.
(8) Activated carbon spraying device: and the activated carbon is quickly sprayed into the flue gas through the activated carbon spraying device, so that the activated carbon and the flue gas are fully mixed, and the better dioxin and peculiar smell absorption effect is achieved.
(9) A secondary bag-type dust remover: after the flue gas is sprayed with the activated carbon powder, the flue gas is removed by a secondary bag-type dust collector (the same as the pulse-type bag-type dust collector adopted in the step (5)), and the activated carbon powder is attached to the surface of the bag when the flue gas passes through the bag, so that the effect of absorbing dioxin and peculiar smell is improved.
(10) Double-alkali desulfurization tower: because the semi-dry desulfurization efficiency does not meet the requirement, 10% sodium hydroxide solution or sodium carbonate solution is adopted in an alkaline desulfurization tower to carry out secondary desulfurization. The desulfurization liquid is regenerated by calcium oxide, and the desulfurization gypsum is used as a byproduct after being refined.
(11) Alkaline washing tower: and (3) carrying out reinforced desulfurization supplement on the flue gas from the double-alkali desulfurization tower to ensure ultra-clean discharge of the flue gas.
Examples
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to an oxygen-enriched smelting furnace plant for daily treatment of 120 tons of hazardous waste such as copper-containing, nickel-containing sludge and electronic waste.
The dangerous waste such as copper-containing, nickel sludge and electronic waste is packaged by a ton bag after being recorded by a five-way bill and transported by a material transporting vehicle to enter a factory dangerous waste temporary storage warehouse for temporary storage, materials are taken out from a ball making/brick workshop according to various content requirement proportions, are proportioned, stored, dried and made into a ball/brick shape, and fuel and flux with a certain proportion are sequentially put into an oxygen-enriched smelting furnace, oxygen produced by an oxygen producing station is mixed with air of a Roots blower and then blown into the smelting furnace, the temperature of a focal area in the furnace is controlled between 1200 ℃ and 1400 ℃, the temperature of flue gas at an outlet of a furnace body shell is controlled between 380 ℃ and 450 ℃, an orifice plate flowmeter measures the flue gas amount 15000Am 3/hr (working condition), the concentration of particles is 25480mg/Nm 3, the concentration of sulfur dioxide is 1850mg/Nm 3, the concentration of nitrogen oxide is 1280mg/Nm 3, and the concentration of dioxin is 2.5ngTEQ/Nm 3.
Under the action of a powerful induced draft fan, the furnace charging port keeps micro negative pressure so as not to cause the flue gas to overflow, and the flue gas sequentially passes through a large-volume sedimentation chamber, a controllable aqueous medium surface cooler, a semi-dry desulfurization tower, a primary pulse type bag-type dust remover, a heat accumulating type high-temperature incinerator (RTO), a flue gas heat exchanger, a secondary pulse type bag-type dust remover, a double-alkali desulfurization tower and a reinforced alkali washing tower. The flue gas passes through a large-volume sedimentation chamber, the concentration of the particles is 11250mg/Nm 3, and the removal rate of the particles in the large-volume sedimentation chamber can reach 55.8%; 10% lime milk is used as a desulfurizing agent for desulfurization in a semi-dry desulfurization tower, the outlet of the semi-dry desulfurization tower is sampled and measured for sulfur dioxide concentration of 550mg/Nm 3, the sulfur dioxide removal rate of 70.3 percent, the urea is sprayed into a primary pulse type bag-type dust collector, the urea is sprayed into a thermal storage type high-temperature incinerator (RTO) for denitration, the measured particle concentration of the urea is sampled and measured for 29.8mg/Nm 3, the nitrogen oxide concentration of 50mg/Nm 3, the dioxin concentration of 0.3ngTEQ/Nm 3 is measured, the particle removal rate of 99.7 percent, the nitrogen oxide removal rate of 96.1 percent, the dioxin removal rate of 88 percent, and the activated carbon is sprayed into the flue gas by an activated carbon spraying device arranged on a pipeline in front of the secondary pulse type bag-type dust collector after the thermal storage type high-temperature incinerator (RTO) and the flue gas heat exchanger, so as to adsorb a small amount of dioxin substances synthesized in the quenching process. The removal rate is further improved through a two-stage pulse type bag dust collector, a double-alkali desulfurization tower and a reinforced alkali washing tower, and the ultra-clean emission of the flue gas is ensured.
And finally, the smoke heat exchanger is discharged through a 60-meter chimney at high altitude, an online monitoring system is arranged on the 60-meter chimney to monitor various discharge indexes of discharged smoke in real time, and 24-hour real-time monitoring data of a discharge port are as follows: the flue gas temperature is 120 ℃, the flue gas amount is 9000Am 3/hr (working condition), the particulate matter concentration is 5-10mg/Nm 3, the sulfur dioxide concentration is 10-30mg/Nm 3, the nitrogen oxide concentration is 30-50mg/Nm 3, the suction measurement discharge port dioxin concentration is 0.05ngTEQ/Nm 3, the particulate matter removal rate is 99.9%, the sulfur dioxide removal rate is 98.5%, the nitrogen oxide removal rate is 96.1%, and the dioxin removal rate is 98%.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and not limiting of the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art based on the above description, and it is not intended to be exhaustive of all the embodiments of the present invention, and all obvious changes and modifications that come within the scope of the invention are defined by the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. The treatment method for generating the smoke in the valuable secondary material treatment process comprises the following steps:
1) Pre-dedusting the flue gas by adopting a large-volume sedimentation chamber with the volume not less than 90 cubic meters;
2) The flue gas temperature is controlled to be randomly cooled, and after the temperature is reduced to 220 ℃ to 240 ℃, quicklime powder and active carbon powder are sprayed into the flue gas to carry out semi-dry desulfurization;
3) Collecting soot comprising smoke dust, lime powder which is not reacted completely, desulphurized slag and active carbon powder by adopting a primary bag-type dust collector, recycling the collected soot, and outputting the temperature of the smoke at 130-150 ℃;
4) Adopting a heat accumulating type incinerator to perform secondary combustion on the flue gas, heating to above 800 ℃, spraying urea solution into a combustion chamber, performing denitration by adopting an SNCR method, and quenching the flue gas from above 800 ℃ to below 200 ℃ within 2 seconds through the rapid cooling function of the efficient heat accumulating process of the internal honeycomb ceramic tile;
5) Carrying out heat exchange on the subsequent flue gas and the flue gas from the heat accumulating type incinerator, and lifting the flue gas entering the chimney to more than 120 ℃;
6) Spraying active carbon into the flue gas rapidly to fully mix the active carbon and the flue gas, and removing active carbon powder by a secondary bag-type dust remover;
7) Adopting sodium hydroxide solution or sodium carbonate solution to carry out secondary desulfurization;
8) And (3) carrying out reinforced desulfurization supplement on the flue gas subjected to the secondary desulfurization to ensure the ultra-clean emission of the flue gas.
2. The method for treating flue gas generated in the process of disposing valuable secondary materials according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), a controllable aqueous medium surface cooler is used for cooling the flue gas at random in a controllable manner.
3. The method for treating flue gas generated during the disposal of valuable secondary materials according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step 2), the quicklime powder is formulated into a 10% lime milk solution.
4. The method for treating flue gas generated in the disposal process of valuable secondary materials according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the collected soot is recycled to the ball/brick making system for recycling.
5. The method for treating flue gas generated during disposal of valuable secondary materials according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), a 10% urea solution is used.
6. The method for treating flue gas generated during disposal of valuable secondary materials according to claim 1, wherein in step 7), the secondary desulfurization is performed in a double-alkali desulfurization tower, and the sodium hydroxide solution is 10% sodium hydroxide solution.
7. The method of treating flue gas generated during disposal of valuable secondary materials according to claim 1 or 6, wherein step 7) further comprises: the desulfurization liquid is regenerated by calcium oxide, and the desulfurization gypsum is used as a byproduct after being refined.
8. The method for treating flue gas generated in the process of disposing valuable secondary materials according to claim 1, wherein the primary bag-type dust remover and the secondary bag-type dust remover are both pulse type bag-type dust removers.
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| CN116832536A (en) * | 2023-08-29 | 2023-10-03 | 昆山鹿城垃圾发电有限公司 | Treatment process and device for cooperatively treating waste incineration flue gas |
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