CN113793948A - Fuel cell automobile cold start system based on eddy current heating - Google Patents
Fuel cell automobile cold start system based on eddy current heating Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04522—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of cathode exhausts
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
本发明属于燃料电池技术领域，提供了一种基于涡流加热的燃料电池汽车冷启动系统。利用电磁感应原理，使燃料电池金属极板上产生涡流，融化膜电极中的冰晶，防止燃料电池冷启动失败。燃料电池停止工作前，利用涡流使燃料电池金属极板升温，气化膜电极内的液态水。利用燃料电池阴极的空气供给系统，将干燥的空气通入燃料电池阴极侧，将燃料电池内部水蒸气排出，以降低膜电极水含量，从而降低低温条件下膜电极冰含量。相比于传统的燃料电池汽车冷启动系统具有以下的优点：冷启动时可以快速融化燃料电池膜电极中的冰晶，电池堆升温均匀。涡流加热效率高。在燃料电池停止工作前进行处理，减少低温下燃料电池内部的冰含量，有利于燃料电池汽车再启动。
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and provides a cold start system for fuel cell vehicles based on eddy current heating. Using the principle of electromagnetic induction, eddy current is generated on the metal plate of the fuel cell, which melts the ice crystals in the membrane electrode and prevents the cold start of the fuel cell from failing. Before the fuel cell stops working, the eddy current is used to heat up the metal plate of the fuel cell to vaporize the liquid water in the membrane electrode. Using the air supply system of the fuel cell cathode, the dry air is passed into the cathode side of the fuel cell, and the water vapor inside the fuel cell is discharged to reduce the water content of the membrane electrode, thereby reducing the ice content of the membrane electrode under low temperature conditions. Compared with the traditional fuel cell vehicle cold start system, it has the following advantages: during cold start, the ice crystals in the fuel cell membrane electrode can be quickly melted, and the temperature of the cell stack is uniform. Eddy current heating efficiency is high. The treatment is performed before the fuel cell stops working to reduce the ice content inside the fuel cell at low temperature, which is beneficial to the restart of the fuel cell vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a cold start system of a fuel cell automobile based on eddy current heating.
Background
With the rapid development of the fuel cell technology field, fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen as an energy source are more and more concerned, and at present, fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen as an energy source have the advantages of environmental friendliness, low noise and the like, so that the fuel cell vehicles are applied to more and more scenes. When the external environment temperature is lower than the freezing point, the liquid water is gathered in the operation process of the fuel cell, so that the residual liquid water is frozen in the membrane electrode to block pores, so that the reaction gas cannot diffuse into the catalyst layer, and the cold start of the fuel cell fails. Therefore, the fuel cell needs to be preheated before cold start under the low temperature condition to melt ice crystals in the membrane electrode, so that cold start failure and damage to the fuel cell stack are avoided. And the liquid water gathered in the fuel cell needs to be treated before the automobile stops running, so that the content of the liquid water in the fuel cell stack is reduced, and the ice content in the membrane electrode in a low-temperature environment is reduced. Therefore, designing a high-efficiency and reliable cold start system of the fuel cell is a necessary condition for improving the reliability and the application range of the fuel cell automobile.
At present, the cold start system of the fuel cell mainly adopts the following modes: liquid medium heating, warm air heating and electric heating. For example, in the patent of "a method and system for controlling the low-temperature rapid start of a fuel cell" (patent number: 202110326129.1) by wanwenzhi et al, it is proposed to use an auxiliary heating system to heat the coolant of the fuel cell, to heat the fuel cell, and to melt the ice crystals in the membrane electrode. The system can realize the quick cold start of the fuel cell automobile, heat the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack and further uniformly heat the fuel cell stack.
For example, in the patent of "an auxiliary device for starting a fuel cell" by Wangguang et al (patent No. 201811302028.5), it is proposed to introduce warm air into an air duct between a fuel cell stack and a cell case to heat the stack and melt ice crystals in a membrane electrode. The system reduces the energy consumption of a cold start system, improves the endurance mileage of the fuel cell automobile, and utilizes the outside air to heat the cell stack without additional working media.
For example, xuxin et al in the patent of "a low-temperature start device and method for fuel cell system" (patent No. 202010015579.4) proposes that the electric energy provided by the fuel cell stack is used to heat the whole fuel cell stack by heat conduction through heating resistance wires arranged at the cathode and anode sides of the fuel cell, thereby realizing the low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell stack. The system has simple structure, needs no additional equipment to the interior of the fuel cell automobile, and has high temperature rise speed and reliable system operation.
However, the conventional cold start system for the fuel cell has some defects, the liquid medium heating defect is that a set of heating circulation system needs to be additionally designed, some additional moving parts are introduced into the fuel cell automobile, and the development of the fuel cell automobile towards miniaturization and light weight is not facilitated. The warm air heating is insufficient because the specific heat capacity of air is low, so the temperature rise speed of the cell stack is low, and the rapid cold start of the fuel cell automobile is not facilitated. The disadvantage of electrical heating is that the temperature of the whole cell stack is uniform by utilizing heat conduction, so that the temperature of the fuel cell stack is uneven in the heating process, excessive temperature difference thermal stress is caused, and the service life of the fuel cell can be shortened in severe cases.
Meanwhile, the existing cold start schemes are all focused on solving the problem of heating the fuel cell and melting ice crystals in the membrane electrode under the low-temperature condition, and the content of residual liquid water in the fuel cell after the operation of the vehicle is finished is not reduced fundamentally. Therefore, in order to realize the rapid cold start of the fuel cell vehicle, it is necessary to have a reliable and efficient fuel cell stack temperature-raising and ice-melting system, and to reduce the content of liquid water remaining in the fuel cell before the vehicle stops running.
In view of the defects of the cold start systems of the fuel cell automobiles, the invention provides the cold start system of the fuel cell automobile based on eddy current heating, which induces eddy currents on the metal polar plate of the fuel cell by utilizing the electromagnetic induction principle and realizes uniform temperature rise and ice melting of the fuel cell stack under the low-temperature condition. In order to reduce the content of liquid water in the fuel cell after the operation of the vehicle is finished, before the operation of the fuel cell vehicle is finished, high-frequency alternating current is introduced into the eddy current coil, eddy current is induced on the metal polar plate, and the fuel cell stack is uniformly heated by using the eddy current heat effect to gasify the liquid water in the membrane electrode. The cathode air supply system of the fuel cell is utilized to introduce dry and clean air to the cathode of the fuel cell and take away water vapor in the fuel cell stack so as to reduce the content of liquid water in the fuel cell stack, when the relative humidity of the air at the outlet of the cathode reaches a lower level, the vehicle finishes the treatment of the liquid water in the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell vehicle stops running.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing a fuel cell automobile cold start system based on eddy current heating, which utilizes eddy current heating to realize rapid temperature rise and ice melting of a fuel cell stack under the low temperature condition, and has uniform heating, high temperature rise rate and high heating efficiency. Before the fuel cell automobile stops running, the eddy current is utilized to heat the cell stack, so that liquid water in the cell stack is evaporated, dry air is introduced into the cathode, and water vapor in the fuel cell stack is taken away, so that the water content in the fuel cell stack is reduced, the ice content in the membrane electrode under the low-temperature condition is favorably reduced, and the cold start of the next vehicle is favorably realized. The system does not need complex equipment, has simple structure and high heating efficiency, and is favorable for improving the endurance mileage of the fuel cell automobile.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a cold start system of a fuel cell vehicle based on eddy current heating is characterized by comprising the following components: fuel cell cold start system, air supply system, aftertreatment system:
wherein, the cold start-up system of fuel cell includes: the device comprises a fuel cell stack 1, an eddy current coil 2, an inverter 4, a singlechip 5 and a temperature sensor 10; an eddy current coil 2 is installed on the outer side of the fuel cell stack 1, high-frequency alternating current is introduced into the eddy current coil 2, and direct current provided by an automobile is converted into the high-frequency alternating current through an inverter 4 to supply power to the eddy current coil. The temperature sensor 10 is used for monitoring the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 in real time and transmitting temperature data to the single chip microcomputer 5, and the single chip microcomputer 5 controls the inverter 4 to adjust the current and the current which are led into the eddy current coil 2, so that the temperature rise and the ice melting process of the fuel cell stack 1 are controlled.
The air supply system includes: the system comprises a singlechip 5, a humidity regulator 6, an intercooler 7, an air compressor 8, an air filter 9 and a temperature sensor 10; the outside air filters impurities carried by the air through an air filter 9, the filtered air obtains certain power through an air compressor 8, the temperature of the air is adjusted through an intercooler 7, the air contains certain water vapor, the relative humidity of the air is reduced through a humidity adjuster 6, and the obtained dry and clean air is introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1. The air supply system and the fuel cell cathode air supply system are the same system, and the cold start system is greatly simplified.
The post-processing system comprises: the system comprises a fuel cell stack 1, an eddy current coil 2, a humidity sensor 3, an inverter 4, a singlechip 5, a humidity regulator 6, an intercooler 7, an air compressor 8, an air filter 9 and a temperature sensor 10; before a fuel cell automobile stops running, the fuel cell stops working, a part of liquid water can be remained in the fuel cell, direct current provided by a vehicle storage battery is converted into high-frequency alternating current by using an inverter 4 to supply power for an eddy current coil 2, eddy current is induced on a metal polar plate of a fuel cell stack 1 by using an electromagnetic induction principle, and the fuel cell uniformly heats up by using the heat effect of the eddy current to gasify the liquid water in a membrane electrode. A temperature sensor 10 is disposed on the fuel cell to monitor the temperature of the fuel cell in real time to avoid damage to the fuel cell due to excessive temperature. Utilize the air supply system of fuel cell negative pole, let in clean dry air fuel cell cathode side, carry the inside vapor of fuel cell and arrange to the external world side by side, humidity transducer 3 has been arranged at fuel cell cathode exit, a relative humidity for real time monitoring cathode exit air, when humidity transducer 3 detects cathode exit air relative humidity lower, pass signal to singlechip 5, controlgear closes, the vehicle is accomplished the processing to the inside liquid water of fuel cell, the fuel cell car stops the operation.
The single chip microcomputer 5 controls the heating and ice melting process when the fuel cell automobile is in cold start and the post-treatment process of the liquid water in the fuel cell before the automobile stops running by monitoring the digital signals transmitted by the temperature sensor 10 and the humidity sensor 3.
The eddy current coil 2 heats the fuel cell stack 1 in the air space in the cold starting process of the fuel cell, so that the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 is uniformly increased, ice crystals are melted, and the quick cold starting of the fuel cell automobile can be realized.
The eddy coil 2 heats the fuel cell stack 2 in an isolated manner in the post-treatment process of the liquid water in the fuel cell before the automobile stops running, so that the liquid water remained in the membrane electrode is gasified.
The inverter 4 converts direct current provided by the vehicle-mounted storage battery into high-frequency alternating current to supply power to the eddy current coil 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the eddy current is induced on the metal polar plate of the fuel cell by utilizing the electromagnetic induction principle, and the uniform temperature rise and the efficient ice melting of the fuel cell stack are realized by utilizing the eddy current heat effect.
2) Compared with the traditional heating mode, the eddy heating efficiency can reach 95 percent, and the continuation of the journey mileage of the fuel cell automobile is favorably improved.
3) The method can treat liquid water in the fuel cell before the automobile stops running, and reduce the water content in the fuel cell after the automobile stops running, thereby reducing the ice content in the membrane electrode under the low-temperature condition and being beneficial to cold start of the fuel cell.
4) The cold start system does not need complex equipment and structure, and is beneficial to the miniaturization and the light weight of the fuel cell automobile.
5) The eddy heating has fast response speed and high temperature rise rate, and is favorable for fast cold start of the fuel cell automobile.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cold start system of a fuel cell vehicle based on eddy current heating.
In the figure: 1 fuel cell stack, 2 eddy current coil, 3 humidity sensor, 4 inverter, 5 single chip microcomputer, 6 humidity regulator, 7 intercooler, 8 air compressor, 9 air filter, 10 temperature sensor;
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that such description is merely illustrative of the features and advantages of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
The invention discloses a fuel cell automobile cold start system based on eddy current heating, which is characterized by comprising the following components: fuel cell cold start system, air supply system, aftertreatment system:
wherein, the cold start-up system of fuel cell includes: the device comprises a fuel cell stack 1, an eddy current coil 2, an inverter 4, a singlechip 5 and a temperature sensor 10; an eddy current coil 2 is installed on the outer side of the fuel cell stack 1, high-frequency alternating current is introduced into the eddy current coil 2, and direct current provided by an automobile is converted into the high-frequency alternating current through an inverter 4 to supply power to the eddy current coil. The temperature sensor 10 is used for monitoring the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 in real time and transmitting temperature data to the single chip microcomputer 5, and the single chip microcomputer 5 controls the inverter 4 to adjust the current and the current which are led into the eddy current coil 2, so that the temperature rise and the ice melting process of the fuel cell stack 1 are controlled.
The air supply system includes: the system comprises a singlechip 5, a humidity regulator 6, an intercooler 7, an air compressor 8, an air filter 9 and a temperature sensor 10; the outside air filters impurities carried by the air through an air filter 9, the filtered air obtains certain power through an air compressor 8, the temperature of the air is adjusted through an intercooler 7, the air contains certain water vapor, the relative humidity of the air is reduced through a humidity adjuster 6, and the obtained dry and clean air is introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1. The air supply system and the fuel cell cathode air supply system are the same system, and the cold start system is greatly simplified.
The post-processing system comprises: the system comprises a fuel cell stack 1, an eddy current coil 2, a humidity sensor 3, an inverter 4, a singlechip 5, a humidity regulator 6, an intercooler 7, an air compressor 8, an air filter 9 and a temperature sensor 10; before a fuel cell automobile stops running, the fuel cell stops working, a part of liquid water can be remained in the fuel cell, direct current provided by a vehicle storage battery is converted into high-frequency alternating current by using an inverter 4 to supply power for an eddy current coil 2, eddy current is induced on a metal polar plate of a fuel cell stack 1 by using an electromagnetic induction principle, and the fuel cell uniformly heats up by using the heat effect of the eddy current to gasify the liquid water in a membrane electrode. A temperature sensor 10 is disposed on the fuel cell to monitor the temperature of the fuel cell in real time to avoid damage to the fuel cell due to excessive temperature. Utilize the air supply system of fuel cell negative pole, let in clean dry air fuel cell cathode side, carry the inside vapor of fuel cell and arrange to the external world side by side, humidity transducer 3 has been arranged at fuel cell cathode exit, a relative humidity for real time monitoring cathode exit air, when humidity transducer 3 detects cathode exit air relative humidity lower, pass signal to singlechip 5, controlgear closes, the vehicle is accomplished the processing to the inside liquid water of fuel cell, the fuel cell car stops the operation.
The cold start system of the fuel cell automobile based on eddy current heating is described in detail below through a complete embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, when the fuel cell vehicle is in a low temperature condition, the fuel cell vehicle is cold started, and due to the existence of a part of liquid water in the membrane electrode, ice crystals are generated under the low temperature condition to block pores inside the porous electrode, thereby causing the cold start failure of the fuel cell. This system lets in high frequency alternating current to installing in the eddy current coil in the fuel cell outside, utilize the electromagnetic induction principle to induce the vortex on fuel cell metal polar plate, utilize the heat effect of vortex to realize fuel cell quick, even intensification and ice-melt, realize fuel cell's quick cold start, temperature sensor has been arranged on fuel cell, a cold start process for real time monitoring fuel cell, treat when fuel cell rises to 20 ℃, single chip microcomputer control inverter stops to provide high frequency alternating current to eddy current coil, fuel cell's cold start is accomplished.
After the traditional fuel cell automobile stops running, liquid water accumulated in the fuel cell is not treated, so that the ice content in the membrane electrode is higher under the low-temperature condition, and the cold start of the fuel cell automobile is not facilitated. Therefore, the system treats the liquid water in the fuel cell before the fuel cell automobile stops running, when the single chip microcomputer detects that the vehicle stops running, the single chip microcomputer controls the inverter to convert direct current provided by the vehicle-mounted storage battery into high-frequency alternating current to supply power for the eddy current coil by utilizing the electromagnetic induction principle, the eddy current is induced on the metal polar plate of the fuel cell, the heating effect of the eddy current is utilized to realize the temperature rise of the fuel cell, the liquid water in the membrane electrode is gasified, the cathode air supply system of the fuel cell is utilized to lead the outside air to pass through an air filter, the impurities carried by the air are filtered, the clean air obtains certain power through an air compressor, the air passes through an intercooler to adjust the temperature of the air, the clean air with proper temperature becomes dry air after passing through a humidity regulator, the dry air is introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell, and the water vapor in the fuel cell is discharged. And a humidity sensor is arranged at the cathode outlet of the fuel cell and used for monitoring the relative humidity of outlet air in real time to predict the content of liquid water in the fuel cell, when the relative humidity of the outlet air is lower, the vehicle finishes the treatment of the liquid water in the fuel cell, and the fuel cell vehicle stops running. The liquid water content in the fuel cell stack can be reduced through the treatment of the liquid water in the fuel cell, so that the ice content of the membrane electrode under the low-temperature condition is reduced, and the cold start of the fuel cell is facilitated.
In summary, the invention discloses a fuel cell automobile cold start system based on eddy current heating, which utilizes eddy current heating to realize rapid heating and ice melting of a fuel cell, treats liquid water in the fuel cell before the automobile stops running, utilizes the eddy current to heat the fuel cell to gasify the liquid water in the fuel cell, utilizes a cathode air supply system to introduce dry air to a cathode of the fuel cell, the dry air absorbs water vapor in the fuel cell and is exhausted to the atmosphere, monitors the relative humidity of outlet air in real time through a humidity sensor arranged at an outlet of the cathode, when the relative humidity of the outlet is low, the vehicle finishes treating the liquid water in the fuel cell, and the fuel cell automobile stops running. The system utilizes eddy current heating, has high heating efficiency, high speed and uniform temperature field, is favorable for quick cold start of the fuel cell automobile, and is favorable for improving the endurance mileage of the fuel cell automobile. The system is simple in structure, additional equipment does not need to be added into the system, and the cost of the cold start system is reduced. Meanwhile, before the automobile stops running, liquid water in the fuel cell is treated, so that the content of the liquid water in the fuel cell is reduced, the ice content of the membrane electrode is reduced under the low-temperature condition, and the cold start of the automobile is facilitated.
The technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure have been described in detail with reference to the specific examples, and it should be understood that the above description is only exemplary of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. The sizes and shapes of the various elements in the drawings are not to be considered as reflecting actual sizes and proportions, but are merely representative of the contents of the present example. Any modification, improvement or equivalent replacement made on the principle and spirit of the present disclosure is within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
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| CN114922859A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-19 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | An air compressor system for self-heating and melting ice |
| CN116388407A (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2023-07-04 | 大连理工大学 | Wireless charging heating system, charging system, heating method and charging method |
| CN117525478A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-02-06 | 新研氢能源科技有限公司 | Control method of fuel cell stack and fuel cell stack |
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