CN113783217A - Flexible direct current transmission system - Google Patents
Flexible direct current transmission system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113783217A CN113783217A CN202110750996.8A CN202110750996A CN113783217A CN 113783217 A CN113783217 A CN 113783217A CN 202110750996 A CN202110750996 A CN 202110750996A CN 113783217 A CN113783217 A CN 113783217A
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- Prior art keywords
- current transmission
- direct current
- transformer
- converter station
- modular multilevel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks via a high-tension DC link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a flexible direct-current transmission system which comprises a sending end converter station, a direct-current transmission line and a receiving end converter station, wherein the sending end converter station is connected with the receiving end converter station through the direct-current transmission line, the sending end converter station comprises a diode rectifier and a first modularized multi-level converter which are connected in series, and the flexible direct-current transmission system adopts a mixed structure of the diode rectifier and the first modularized multi-level converter, can reduce the floor area of the sending end converter station, can reduce the economic cost of the sending end converter station and a sending end converter platform caused by the expansion of the scale of a remote shore power field and the increase of the capacity of a single machine, and can be used for the combined sending-out situation of a plurality of remote shore power fields.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of direct current transmission, in particular to a flexible direct current transmission system.
Background
In recent years, the development direction of global offshore wind farms is turning to the deep open sea field. With the continuous expansion of the scale of offshore wind farms, the capacity of a single fan has gradually increased from 4MW in general to 15MW, and continues to show an increasing trend. Because the offshore wind power resources are wide in distribution range, the wind power resources of the remote coast are generally sent out in a mode of combining a plurality of remote coast wind power plants.
At present, the delivery of the wind power resources from the far shore is generally realized by adopting a flexible direct-current transmission system based on symmetrical monopoles. A flexible direct-current power transmission topology based on symmetrical monopoles generally adopts a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), active power and reactive power can be independently controlled, phase commutation failure does not exist, and power can be supplied to a passive island. And the switching frequency is low, the switching loss is small, the expansibility is strong, an alternating current filter is not needed, and the method is widely applied to an offshore wind power output system at present.
However, the construction of an offshore wind farm has a high requirement on the floor space, and the flexible direct current transmission system has a large volume, so that the cost of the flexible direct current transmission system obtained by adopting the modular multilevel converter is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect of high cost in the prior art, the application provides a flexible direct current transmission system, which comprises a sending end converter station, a direct current transmission line and a receiving end converter station, wherein the sending end converter station is connected with the receiving end converter station through the direct current transmission line;
the sending end converter station comprises a diode rectifier and a first modular multilevel converter which are connected in series.
The receiving end converter station comprises a second modular multilevel converter and a third modular multilevel converter which are connected in series.
The direct current transmission line comprises a positive direct current transmission line, a negative direct current transmission line and a neutral line.
One end of the diode rectifier is connected to the positive direct-current transmission line; one end of the first modular multilevel converter is connected to the negative pole direct current transmission line; the other end of the diode rectifier and the other end of the first modular multilevel converter are both connected to the neutral line.
One end of the second modular multilevel converter is connected to the positive direct-current transmission line; one end of the third modular multilevel converter is connected to the negative direct-current transmission line, the other end of the second modular multilevel converter and the other end of the third modular multilevel converter are both connected to the neutral line, and the neutral line is grounded.
The sending end converter station also comprises a first connecting transformer and a second connecting transformer;
one end of the first connecting transformer is connected with an alternating current bus of the sending end converter station, and the other end of the first connecting transformer is connected with the diode rectifier;
one end of the second coupling transformer is connected with a current bus of a sending end converter station, and the other end of the second coupling transformer is connected with the first modular multilevel converter.
The first connecting transformer adopts a three-phase three-winding transformer;
the second coupling transformer adopts a three-phase double-winding transformer.
The flexible direct current transmission system further comprises a plurality of booster stations;
and one end of each of the plurality of booster stations is connected with the corresponding wind power plant, and the other end of each of the plurality of booster stations is connected with the alternating current bus of the sending end converter station through the alternating current bus of the booster station.
The receiving end converter station also comprises a third connecting transformer and a fourth connecting transformer;
one end of the third connecting transformer is connected with a power grid through an alternating current bus of a receiving end converter station, and the other end of the third connecting transformer is connected with the second modular multilevel converter;
one end of the fourth connecting transformer is connected with the power grid through an alternating current bus of a receiving end converter station, and the other end of the fourth connecting transformer is connected with the third modular multilevel converter.
The third connecting transformer adopts a three-phase double-winding transformer or a plurality of single-phase transformers;
the fourth connecting transformer adopts a three-phase double-winding transformer or a plurality of single-phase transformers.
The technical scheme provided by the application has the following beneficial effects:
the flexible direct-current transmission system comprises a sending end converter station, a direct-current transmission line and a receiving end converter station which are connected with a plurality of wind power plants, wherein the sending end converter station is connected with the receiving end converter station through the direct-current transmission line;
the diode rectifier of the sending-end converter station can rectify alternating current from a wind farm into direct current, and the diode rectifier adopts a diode, so that the loss is small;
the second modular multilevel converter of the sending-end converter station can provide reactive power support for the diode rectifier, so that the flexible direct-current transmission system can be connected with a weak alternating-current system, and decoupling control of active power and reactive power is realized;
the sending end converter station can provide starting voltage for the fan of the wind power plant, a large amount of harmonic waves cannot be generated, and the electric energy quality is improved;
diodes are arranged on the positive direct-current transmission line and the negative direct-current transmission line, so that three-phase short-circuit current can be prevented from flowing through the modular multilevel converter when a direct-current double-pole short-circuit fault occurs, and the modular multilevel converter is prevented from being damaged;
the sending-end converter station has small occupied area, does not need a larger sending-end converter platform (comprising the sending-end converter station), can reduce the economic cost of the sending-end converter station and the sending-end converter platform caused by the enlargement of the scale of the offshore wind farm and the increase of the capacity of a single machine, and can be used for the combined sending-out condition of a plurality of offshore wind farms;
the flexible direct current transmission system provided by the application adopts a bipolar structure, and is suitable for transmitting power generated by a large-capacity offshore wind power plant with the power of more than 2000 MW.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible dc power transmission system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another flexible direct current transmission system in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fan in the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the attached figures.
An embodiment of the present application provides a flexible direct current transmission system, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, including a transmitting-end converter station, a direct current transmission line, and a receiving-end converter station connected to a plurality of wind power plants, where the transmitting-end converter station is connected to the receiving-end converter station through the direct current transmission line.
In the embodiment of the present application, the diode rectifier may be a 12-pulse diode rectifier.
Optionally, the dc transmission line includes a positive dc transmission line, a negative dc transmission line, and a neutral line. The positive direct current transmission line and the negative direct current transmission line can adopt +/-400 kV direct current submarine cables.
It can be understood that one output terminal of the sending-end converter station (i.e. the positive output terminal of the sending-end converter station) is connected to one input terminal of the receiving-end converter station (i.e. the positive input terminal of the receiving-end converter station) through the positive dc transmission line, and the other output terminal of the sending-end converter station (i.e. the negative output terminal of the sending-end converter station) is connected to the other input terminal of the receiving-end converter station (i.e. the negative input terminal of the receiving-end converter station) through the negative dc transmission line.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the sending end converter station comprises a diode rectifier and a first modular multilevel converter (i.e. MMC1 in fig. 1 and 2) in series. One end of the diode rectifier is connected to the positive direct current transmission line; one end of the first modular multilevel converter MMC1 is connected to a negative pole direct current transmission line; the other end of the diode rectifier and the other end of the first modular multilevel converter MMC1 are connected to a neutral line.
Referring to fig. 2, the receiving end converter station comprises a second modular multilevel converter (i.e. MMC2 in fig. 2) and a third modular multilevel converter (i.e. MMC3 in fig. 2) in series. One end of the second modular multilevel converter MMC2 is connected to the positive direct-current transmission line; one end of the third modular multilevel converter MMC3 is connected with a negative direct current transmission line, the other end of the second modular multilevel converter MMC2 and the other end of the third modular multilevel converter MMC3 are both connected with a neutral line, and the neutral line is grounded. And a connection node of the second modular multilevel converter MMC2 and the third modular multilevel converter MMC3 is a node B.
Specifically, one end of a diode rectifier in the sending-end converter station is coupled with one end of a second modular multilevel converter MMC2 through an anode direct-current transmission line, and the other end of the diode rectifier is coupled with a node a (i.e., a connection node of the diode rectifier and the MMC 1);
one end of the first modular multilevel converter MMC1 is coupled with the node A, and the other end of the first modular multilevel converter MMC1 is coupled with one end of the third modular multilevel converter MMC3 through a negative direct-current transmission line;
the other end of the second modular multilevel converter MMC2 and the other end of the third modular multilevel converter MMC3 are both coupled to the node B.
Wherein node a is connected to node B by a neutral line and node B is grounded.
In one possible implementation, the second modular multilevel converter MMC2 and the third modular multilevel converter MMC3 of the receiving end converter station may adopt a topology in which half-bridge sub-modules and full-bridge sub-modules are mixed.
As shown in fig. 2, the sending-end converter station provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes a first coupling transformer (T11 in fig. 2) and a second coupling transformer (T12 in fig. 2).
One end of the first connecting transformer T11 is connected to an AC bus (which may be called a first AC bus, AC1 in fig. 2) of the sending end converter station, and the other end of the first connecting transformer T21 is connected to a diode rectifier.
One end of the second linking transformer T12 is connected to the first AC bus AC1, and the other end of the second linking transformer T12 is connected to the third modular multilevel converter MMC 1.
Optionally, the first connecting transformer T11 is a three-phase three-winding transformer, the three-phase three-winding transformer is connected in a Y0/Y/d connection manner (that is, the first winding and the second winding of the three-phase three-winding transformer are both connected in a star connection manner, and the third winding is connected in a delta connection manner), voltages of the three windings in the three-phase three-winding transformer may be 230kV, 152.5kV and 152.5kV, respectively, and a capacity of the three-phase three-winding transformer is 880 MVA.
Optionally, the second joint transformer T12 is a three-phase dual-winding transformer, the three-phase dual-winding transformer is connected in a Yn/d connection manner (i.e. one winding of the three-phase dual-winding transformer is connected in a star connection manner, and the other winding of the three-phase dual-winding transformer is connected in a delta connection manner), the voltages of the two windings can be 230kV and 208.2kV respectively, and the capacity of the three-phase dual-winding transformer is 880 MVA.
As shown in fig. 2, the flexible direct current transmission system provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes N booster stations (booster stations T1 to TN in fig. 2, which may be considered as offshore booster stations). One end of each of the N booster stations is connected to a corresponding wind farm (wind farm 1 to wind farm N in fig. 2, total installed capacity may be 1600MW), and the other end of each booster station is connected to a first alternating current bus AC1 through an alternating current bus (which may be called a second alternating current bus, AC2 in fig. 2) of the booster station.
It should be noted that L1 in fig. 2 is an equivalent inductance from the booster station to the first AC bus AC 1. The N booster stations may employ three-phase dual-winding transformers.
In the embodiment of the application, the booster station T1 to the booster station TN may adopt 35kV/230kV, that is, the booster station T1 boosts the 35kV alternating current from the wind farm 1 into 230kV alternating current, the booster station T2 boosts the 35kV alternating current from the wind farm 2 into 230kV alternating current, and the booster station TN boosts the 35kV alternating current from the wind farm 3 into 230kV alternating current.
In one possible implementation, the wind farm 1 comprises a plurality of wind turbines (wind turbine 1 to wind turbine M in fig. 2) and a plurality of transformers (transformers TX1 to transformer TXM in fig. 2). The fans are connected with the transformers in a one-to-one correspondence mode. The installed capacity of each fan may be 7 MW.
Specific structures of the wind turbines (which may be wind turbines 1 to M) are shown in fig. 3, and the wind turbines may include a blade B (i.e., blade), a generator G (i.e., generator, which may adopt a synchronous generator), a generator side converter (i.e., voltage source converter VSC1), and a grid side converter (i.e., voltage source converter VSC 2). Note that C1 in fig. 3 is a dc capacitor between voltage source converter VSC1 and voltage source converter VSC 2.
The voltage source converter VSC1 converts (rectifies) the ac power from the generator G into dc power, and the voltage source converter VSC2 converts (inverts) the dc power from the voltage source converter VSC1 into ac power. The ac power from the voltage source converter VSC2 is connected to the booster station via a transformer (which may be transformer TX1 in fig. 2, etc.).
With continued reference to fig. 2, the receiving end converter station further comprises a third and a fourth coupling transformer.
One end of the third connecting transformer T21 is connected to the grid through an AC bus (which may be called a third AC bus, AC3 in fig. 2) of the receiving end converter station, and the other end of the first connecting transformer T21 is connected to the second modular multilevel converter MMC 2;
one end of the fourth linking transformer T22 is connected to the grid through the third AC bus AC3, and the other end of the second linking transformer T22 is connected to the third modular multilevel converter MMC 3.
It should be noted that L2 in fig. 2 is an equivalent inductance from the third AC bus AC3 to the grid.
Alternatively, the third connection transformer T21 employs a three-phase double-winding transformer or a plurality of single-phase transformers, and the fourth connection transformer T22 employs a three-phase double-winding transformer or a plurality of single-phase transformers. If the third connecting transformer T21 and the fourth connecting transformer T22 both use three-phase double-winding transformers, and the connection modes of the two three-phase double-winding transformers are both Yn/d connection (i.e., one winding of the three-phase double-winding transformer uses star connection and the other winding uses delta connection), the voltages of the two windings in the three-phase double-winding transformer can be 230kV and 208.2kV, and the capacities of the two three-phase double-winding transformers are both 880 MVA. In the normal operation mode, the two three-phase double-winding transformers respectively bear 50% of transmission power.
In the embodiment of the application, the sending-end converter station can be an offshore converter station of 220 kV. The receiving end converter station may be called a land converter station, and the sending end converter station rectifies the ac power from the booster station (i.e., converts the ac power into dc power), and then transmits the rectified ac power to the land converter station through a 320kV submarine cable. The onshore converter station then inverts the direct current from the submarine cable into alternating current. The 220kV ac power is delivered to the onshore ac system through the coupling transformer and the third ac bus.
In a possible implementation manner, diodes can be arranged on the positive direct current line and the negative direct current line, and the diodes are connected with the bypass switch in parallel. Specifically, the anode of the diode arranged on the positive direct current line faces the diode rectifier, and the cathode of the diode faces the second modular multilevel converter. And the anode of the diode arranged on the negative direct current circuit faces the third modular multilevel converter, and the cathode of the diode faces the second modular multilevel converter. Therefore, when a direct-current bipolar short-circuit fault occurs, three-phase short-circuit current flows through the modular multilevel converter, and damage to the modular multilevel converter is prevented. In the starting stage of the offshore wind farm, the diode can be bypassed by closing the bypass switch, and the power required by starting the fan is provided for the wind farm by the side of the grid.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application and not for limiting the same, and those skilled in the art can make modifications or equivalents to the specific embodiments of the present application with reference to the above embodiments, and such modifications or equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application are within the scope of the present application as claimed in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A flexible direct current transmission system is characterized by comprising a sending end converter station, a direct current transmission line and a receiving end converter station which are connected with a plurality of wind power plants, wherein the sending end converter station is connected with the receiving end converter station through the direct current transmission line;
the sending end converter station comprises a diode rectifier and a first modular multilevel converter which are connected in series.
2. The flexible direct current transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the direct current transmission line includes a positive direct current transmission line, a negative direct current transmission line, and a neutral line.
3. The flexible direct current transmission system according to claim 2, wherein one end of the diode rectifier is connected to the positive direct current transmission line; one end of the first modular multilevel converter is connected to the negative pole direct current transmission line; the other end of the diode rectifier and the other end of the first modular multilevel converter are both connected to the neutral line.
4. The flexible direct current transmission system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the receiving end converter station comprises a second modular multilevel converter and a third modular multilevel converter in series;
one end of the second modular multilevel converter is connected to the positive direct-current transmission line; one end of the third modular multilevel converter is connected to the negative direct-current transmission line, the other end of the second modular multilevel converter and the other end of the third modular multilevel converter are both connected to the neutral line, and the neutral line is grounded.
5. The flexible direct current transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sending end converter station further comprises a first coupling transformer and a second coupling transformer;
one end of the first connecting transformer is connected with an alternating current bus of the sending end converter station, and the other end of the first connecting transformer is connected with the diode rectifier;
one end of the second coupling transformer is connected with an alternating current bus of the sending end converter station, and the other end of the second coupling transformer is connected with the first modular multilevel converter.
6. The flexible direct current transmission system according to claim 5, wherein the first coupling transformer is a three-phase three-winding transformer;
the second coupling transformer adopts a three-phase double-winding transformer.
7. The flexible direct current power transmission system of claim 5, further comprising a plurality of booster stations;
and one end of each of the plurality of booster stations is connected with the corresponding wind power plant, and the other end of each of the plurality of booster stations is connected with the alternating current bus of the sending end converter station through the alternating current bus of the booster station.
8. The flexible direct current transmission system according to claim 2, characterized in that the receiving end converter station further comprises a third and a fourth coupling transformer;
one end of the third connecting transformer is connected with a power grid through an alternating current bus of the receiving end converter station, and the other end of the third connecting transformer is connected with the second modular multilevel converter;
one end of the fourth connecting transformer is connected with the power grid through an alternating current bus of the receiving end converter station, and the other end of the fourth connecting transformer is connected with the third modular multilevel converter.
9. The flexible direct current transmission system according to claim 8, wherein the third connection transformer is a three-phase double-winding transformer or a plurality of single-phase transformers.
10. The flexible direct current transmission system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the fourth joint transformer employs a three-phase double-winding transformer or a plurality of single-phase transformers.
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| CN202110750996.8A CN113783217A (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Flexible direct current transmission system |
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| CN202110750996.8A CN113783217A (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Flexible direct current transmission system |
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