CN113777507A - Thermal runaway vacuum cooling device under lithium ion battery variable-voltage environment - Google Patents
Thermal runaway vacuum cooling device under lithium ion battery variable-voltage environment Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锂离子电池变压环境下热失控真空冷却装置，包括实验舱控制分析一体化系统、动温变压实验舱、真空冷却系统、以及设置在动温变压实验舱内部的实验内部舱该装置。本装置可以实现多种数量、多次的锂离子电池热失控实验研究，并且在发生热失控后进行多数量电池的规模性快速冷却降温；可实现不同工况下(低压、低温等)锂离子电池热失控研究；能够实现对锂离子电池表面温度进行实时测量，研究锂离子电池在不同工况下，电池发生热失控时的温度变化，同时可研究不同电池数量同时发生热失控的降温冷却关系；给锂离子电池热失控在低压环境下的热失控行为分析，以及热失控后进行精准快速冷却降温提供了更有价值的研究方法。
The invention discloses a thermal runaway vacuum cooling device under the variable pressure environment of lithium ion batteries. Experiment with the device inside the cabin. The device can realize the thermal runaway experimental research of various quantities and times of lithium-ion batteries, and conduct large-scale rapid cooling and cooling of a large number of batteries after thermal runaway occurs; it can realize lithium-ion battery under different working conditions (low pressure, low temperature, etc.) Research on battery thermal runaway; it can realize real-time measurement of the surface temperature of lithium-ion batteries, study the temperature changes of lithium-ion batteries when thermal runaway occurs under different working conditions, and study the cooling and cooling relationship of thermal runaway with different numbers of batteries at the same time. ; It provides a more valuable research method for the thermal runaway behavior analysis of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway in a low-voltage environment, and for accurate and rapid cooling after thermal runaway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal runaway cooling of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a thermal runaway vacuum cooling device under a variable-voltage environment of a lithium ion battery.
Background
In 1970, the first lithium battery was made by m.s. whittingham of exxon using titanium sulfide as the positive electrode material and metallic lithium as the negative electrode material, and the development of the lithium battery was developed. The lithium ion battery has been invented and started to be used since the nineties of the last century, has a history for a period of time, has the advantages of high specific energy, high voltage, long cycle life and the like, is widely used at present, is related to the fields of mobile phones, notebook computers, electric vehicles and the like, particularly to the fields of civil aviation and aerospace, and has a wide future development field, such as an avionics system of an airplane, an aerospace space detector and the like.
Lithium ion batteries are classified according to their shapes, including cylindrical, square and soft-packed lithium ion batteries, and are classified into liquid lithium ion batteries and polymer lithium ion batteries according to the difference of electrolyte materials used in the lithium ion batteries.
The common rechargeable batteries in the market comprise a lead-acid battery, a nickel-cadmium battery and a nickel-hydrogen battery, while the lithium ion battery has the most outstanding performance in all aspects, but the safety problem of the lithium ion battery is a problem which cannot be ignored while the lithium ion battery is widely used, and lithium ions are made of materials and physical and chemical characteristics of the lithium ion battery under different working conditions, such as: pressure swing, high temperature, low temperature, vibration, etc., or human factors such as: mechanical abuse, thermal abuse, overcharge, overdischarge, internal (external) short circuit, etc., may cause irreversible and uncontrollable excessive self-heating phenomenon, i.e., thermal runaway, inside the battery, thereby causing disasters. When the lithium ion battery is in thermal runaway, high temperature, smoke, fire and even explosion can be caused in a short time, which is extremely dangerous, causes huge casualties and damages to human beings and various devices, and finally causes irreparable loss, so that the exploration of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery and the rapid cooling after the thermal runaway is necessary.
For the wide use of lithium ion batteries in the fields of civil aviation and aviation, particularly during the high-altitude flight of an aircraft, the aircraft can work in a variable-pressure low-temperature environment for a long time (the atmospheric pressure is reduced along with the rise of the altitude). Therefore, when the aircraft is used for lithium ion battery transportation or the lithium ion battery is used in the aircraft, it is particularly necessary to research the thermal runaway behavior of the lithium ion under the variable-pressure environment, and compared with the traditional research that the thermal runaway behavior is researched under the normal-pressure environment, the thermal runaway behavior is more consistent with the real operation environment of the aircraft.
When the lithium ion battery is out of control thermally, the traditional fire extinguishing system is carried out under normal pressure, the fire extinguishing cooling rate is slower, the efficiency is lower, when the aircraft is in the high-altitude flight process, the aircraft can work in a variable-pressure low-temperature environment for a long time, when the aircraft is used for carrying out lithium ion battery transportation or the lithium ion battery is used in the aircraft, the lithium ion battery is also in a variable-pressure state, and when the lithium ion battery is out of control thermally, high temperature, smoke, fire or even explosion can be caused in a short time, so that the research on the behavior of the lithium ion battery out of control thermally in the variable-pressure environment and the rapid cooling after the thermal out of control are particularly necessary.
However, at present, the thermal runaway and thermal safety research of lithium ion batteries at home and abroad is generally carried out under normal temperature and pressure environment, and the thermal runaway behavior of lithium ion batteries cannot be researched under variable pressure environment. And the fire extinguishing cooling efficiency for the lithium ion battery thermal runaway is low, for example, a dry powder fire extinguisher, a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher and the like are manually used, an efficient cooling system is lacked, and the cooling method for the lithium ion battery thermal runaway is not mature.
The principle of vacuum cooling is that based on the principle that vapor water molecules have higher energy than liquid water molecules, water must absorb latent heat of vaporization when vaporizing, and the latent heat of vaporization is increased along with the decrease of the boiling point, the treated object is put into a closed vacuum box which can endure certain negative pressure and is pumped by a proper vacuum system.
The existing vacuum cooling technology is mainly applied to cooling or precooling cooked food, fruits and vegetables, and the fruits and vegetables in a vacuum chamber are pumped by a vacuum pump and are placed in a heat-preservation vacuum chamber. The indoor temperature of the fruit and vegetables starts to evaporate when the corresponding water vapor, the saturated pressure of water on the interstitial surfaces of the fruit and vegetable fibers, is vacuum, the far latent heat of vaporization, lowers the temperature of the fruit and vegetables, and further down until the vegetables cool to the desired temperature. And the bacteria in the air inevitably can be attached to the food to cause secondary pollution of the food, the bacterial reproduction generation is reduced, the bacterial quantity is easy to control, thereby being beneficial to improving the safety of the food and prolonging the shelf life. It can be seen that the vacuum cooling technique is often applied to a small number of other fields to take advantage of its rapid cooling. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a system device for analyzing the thermal runaway behavior of the lithium ion battery and rapidly cooling the lithium ion battery in a variable-voltage environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a thermal runaway vacuum cooling device under a variable-voltage environment of a lithium ion battery, which aims to perform a thermal runaway experiment of the lithium ion battery, analyzes various phenomena and parameter changes of thermal runaway of the battery under the environment of dynamic temperature and variable voltage, and performs vacuum rapid cooling and cooling on the battery according to the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery, thereby solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a thermal runaway vacuum cooling device of a lithium ion battery in a variable-voltage environment comprises an experiment cabin control and analysis integrated system, a dynamic temperature variable-voltage experiment cabin, a vacuum cooling system and an experiment inner cabin arranged in the dynamic temperature variable-voltage experiment cabin; the control and analysis integrated system of the experiment chamber comprises a dynamic temperature and variable voltage control device for controlling data parameters in the experiment chamber, a smoke heat release analysis device for analyzing smoke and calibrating and analyzing heat release, and a temperature and voltage resistance analysis and recording device for analyzing and recording the temperature and voltage resistance of a lithium ion battery voltage resistance in the variable voltage thermal runaway process; the experiment chamber control and analysis integrated system provides heat production parameters for a refrigeration system of the vacuum cooling system, so that the refrigeration system can effectively operate; the right side of the cabin body of the dynamic temperature variable pressure experiment cabin is provided with an observation window made of toughened glass, so that the condition of the inner cabin of the experiment can be checked in real time.
Preferably, the top of the inner chamber of the experiment is provided with an air outlet tubule directly connected to the control and analysis integrated system of the experiment chamber, and the air outlet tubule is provided with a flue gas sampling tube and a laser source for sampling, collecting and analyzing the gas generated after the lithium ion battery is out of control thermally.
Preferably, the left side of the outer part of the experimental cabin body is also provided with an air inlet for controlling and adjusting the pressure difference of the experimental cabin body and a digital camera for recording the thermal runaway experimental process of the lithium ion battery, and the inner part of the experimental cabin is also provided with the lithium ion battery, a battery heating plate for heating the lithium ion battery to trigger the lithium ion battery to generate thermal runaway and a fixing support for fixing and supporting the thermocouple.
Preferably, the lithium ion battery and the battery heating plate are fixedly arranged together, so that the experimental data are prevented from being inaccurate due to mutual displacement.
Preferably, a fixed support is further arranged in the experiment internal cabin, and the fixed support comprises a support rod and a fixed rod; the fixing rod is provided with a thermocouple row port which is used for connecting a thermocouple.
Preferably, the vacuum cooling system comprises a vacuum box, a vacuum pump, a refrigerant box, a refrigeration pump and a refrigeration system; the refrigeration system is connected with the refrigerant box through a refrigeration control pipeline, the refrigeration control pipeline is switched on and off and the refrigeration intensity is adjusted through the refrigeration control device, the refrigerant box and the refrigeration pump are connected up and down, and when the refrigeration pump is switched on, refrigeration and cooling materials in the refrigerant box can flow out.
Preferably, the one end of vacuum box be provided with automatic flexible sealing port, automatic flexible sealing port stretches into the inside cabin of experiment from power temperature change compaction test cabin left port department, adjusts automatic flexible sealing port and lower port through the vacuum box controlling means who sets up on the vacuum box and seals up to adjust the interior pressure difference of pipeline, through pressure difference with lithium ion battery conveying entering vacuum box cooling, the vacuum cooling water course in the vacuum box adopts spiral type cooling water course.
Preferably, the vacuum cooling system further comprises a water catcher, the water catcher is connected with the vacuum box through a vacuum pipeline, the water catcher comprises a water catcher switch and a braking temperature regulator, and the braking temperature regulator is used for performing forced cooling to condense water vapor generated in the cooling process into water and discharge the water vapor; the other end of the water catcher is connected with a vacuum pump control device, the vacuum pump control device is connected with the vacuum pump up and down, and the internal pressure intensity of the vacuum pump is adjusted and controlled through a controller on the vacuum pump control device.
Preferably, the dynamic temperature variable pressure experiment chamber is a 2 × 2 × 2m rectangular experiment chamber with a top cover, a 1.8 × 1.5m chamber door is arranged right in front of the chamber body, and experimenters can freely enter the chamber through the chamber door.
Preferably, the cabin body of the dynamic temperature and pressure swing experiment cabin is made of carbon steel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device can realize multiple lithium ion battery thermal runaway experimental researches in various quantities; the research on the lithium ion battery pack and the heat propagation research when the battery pack is out of control due to heat can be realized, and the large-scale rapid cooling of a plurality of batteries is carried out after the out of control due to heat occurs; the thermal runaway research of the lithium ion battery under different working conditions (low voltage, low temperature and the like) can be realized; the real-time measurement of the surface temperature of the lithium ion battery can be realized, and the temperature change of the lithium ion battery under different working conditions when the battery is out of control due to heat can be researched; when lithium ion battery takes place thermal runaway, can get into vacuum cooling device through pressure differential rapidly in the short time, rapid cooling, can study different battery quantity simultaneously and take place thermal runaway's cooling relation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fixing bracket according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the automated retractable seal of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a spiral cooling channel according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1-an experiment chamber control and analysis integrated system, 2-a laser source, 3-a flue gas sampling tube, 4-a gas outlet tubule, 5-a lithium ion battery, 6-a battery heating plate, 7-a fixed support, 8-a first thermocouple, 9-a second thermocouple, 10-a dynamic temperature and pressure change experiment chamber, 11-an experiment inner chamber, 12-an automatic telescopic sealing port, 13-a gas inlet, 14-a digital camera, 15-a vacuum box, 16-a vacuum box control device, 17-a vacuum pipeline, 18-a brake temperature regulator, 19-a water catcher switch, 20-a water catcher, 21-a vacuum pump, 22-a refrigerant box, 23-a refrigeration pump, 24-a vacuum pump control device, 25-a controller and 26-a refrigeration control pipeline, 27-refrigeration system, 28-refrigeration control device, 29-thermocouple discharge port, 30-fixed rod, 31-support rod, 32-lower port, 33-spiral cooling water channel, 34-dynamic temperature and pressure change control device, 35-smoke heat release analysis device, 36-temperature and voltage resistance analysis recording device, and 37-observation window.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: a thermal runaway vacuum cooling device of a lithium ion battery in a variable pressure environment is shown in figure 1, and comprises an experiment cabin control and analysis integrated system 1, a variable pressure experiment cabin with dynamic temperature 10, a vacuum cooling system and an experiment inner cabin 11 arranged in the variable pressure experiment cabin with dynamic temperature 10; the experiment chamber control and analysis integrated system 1 can realize temperature adjustment and pressure change of the experiment chamber, carry out flue gas analysis and heat release rate test and calibration, and record the resistance and voltage change when the lithium ion battery is out of control due to heat, so that the whole experiment process is more visual and clear, and meanwhile, heat production parameters are provided for a refrigeration system 27 of a vacuum cooling system, so that the whole system can run effectively and safely; the experimental cabin comprises a dynamic temperature and pressure changing control device 34 for controlling data parameters in the experimental cabin, an important control part of the whole experimental cabin, and functions of monitoring, alarming, data management and the like of the whole experimental cabin, wherein the dynamic temperature and pressure changing control device is used for simulating a multi-scale and multi-field experimental environment and changing the temperature and pressure of the cabin, such as the control of heating rate, upper heating temperature limit and pressure; the experiment chamber control and analysis integrated system 1 further comprises a smoke heat release analysis device 35 used for analyzing smoke and calibrating and analyzing heat release, and can analyze simulated experiment environment data under various environments, generate components and percentages of smoke, analyze gases such as CO, CO2, O2, NO, CH4 and the like, analyze a carbon-hydrogen ratio and a thermal runaway relation, analyze and measure a Heat Release Rate (HRR), and measure heat generated in a thermal runaway process of the lithium ion battery under different pressure working conditions; the experiment chamber control and analysis integrated system 1 also comprises a temperature and voltage resistance analysis and recording device 36 used for analyzing and recording the temperature and voltage resistance of the lithium ion battery in the variable-voltage thermal runaway process, wherein the temperature and voltage resistance analysis and recording device is a control switch of a paperless recorder and a resistance voltmeter, the paperless recorder records and analyzes the temperature change of the lithium ion battery in the thermal runaway process through a first thermocouple 8 and a second thermocouple 9, and simultaneously records and analyzes the change of the voltage resistance of the battery in the variable-voltage thermal runaway process through the device 36 and records the change of the temperature and the voltage resistance in real time; the experiment chamber control and analysis integrated system 1 provides heat production parameters for a refrigeration system 27 of a vacuum cooling system, so that the refrigeration system can effectively operate conveniently; the right side of the cabin body of the variable temperature and pressure experiment cabin 10 is provided with an observation window 37 made of toughened glass, so that the condition of the inner cabin 11 of the experiment can be checked in real time.
The whole external part is a dynamic temperature variable pressure experiment chamber 10, the specification of the whole experiment chamber body is a rectangular experiment chamber with a top cover of 2 multiplied by 2m, the cabin door is arranged right in front of the experiment chamber body and is 1.8 multiplied by 1.5m, and the cabin door is convenient for experimenters to enter the chamber for experimental design and arrangement; the right side of the cabin body is provided with an observation window 37 made of toughened glass, so that the experimental condition in the cabin can be checked in real time; the outer portion of the air exhaust pipeline above the cabin body is used for exhausting air through the thick pipe, the cabin body is made of carbon steel, and the explosion-proof and fireproof performance is good, so that the thermal runaway experiment under various variable pressure environments can be adapted.
The experimental internal chamber 11 is a chamber body for performing a thermal runaway experiment on the lithium ion battery, the chamber body has a specification of 1 × 1 × 1m and is respectively provided with an independent flue gas pumping, collecting and analyzing device, and the chamber body is pumped by a gas outlet thin tube 4; the gas outlet tubule of the experiment inner cabin is provided with a smoke sampling tube 3 and a laser source 2, the laser source 2 emits a laser beam of a specific gas absorption line to penetrate through a gas to be detected, the gas concentration is calculated by detecting a light intensity signal through a detector due to the attenuation of light intensity caused by the absorption of the gas to be detected, and other parameters except the gas concentration, such as gas temperature, gas pressure and the like, can also be measured by detecting the change of the light intensity of transmitted light, and the smoke sampling tube is used for sampling, collecting and analyzing the gas generated after the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery.
The inside of the experiment cabin is also provided with a lithium ion battery 5, a battery heating plate 6 for heating the lithium ion battery to trigger the lithium ion battery to generate thermal runaway, and a fixing support 7 for fixing and supporting a thermocouple 8 and a thermocouple 9. A lithium ion battery 5, i.e. a thermal runaway reaction experiment body; battery heating plate 6: the rectangular heating plate is adopted for the experiment and is used for heating the lithium ion battery during the experiment and triggering the lithium ion battery to generate thermal runaway; the fixed bracket 7, as shown in fig. 2, comprises a bracket rod 31 and a fixed rod 30, wherein a thermocouple row opening 29 is arranged on the fixed rod 30 and is used for connecting a thermocouple; thermocouple 8 sets up on a dead lever, and thermocouple 9 sets up on other dead levers, slides from top to bottom through the nut of adjusting the dead lever to adjust the interval, the dead lever can slide from top to bottom, and the thermocouple can move on the dead lever, needs to adjust the test distance through the experiment.
Fix experimental sample lithium ion battery 5 and battery hot plate 6 together through self-control iron wire, take place the displacement because of explosion impact force when preventing the experiment, and make experimental data inaccurate, paste one deck insulating film in battery utmost point ear department, prevent that iron wire and utmost point ear contact from forming outer short circuit, then thermocouple (8, 9) are fixed in fixed bolster 7, adjust the interval between the thermocouple according to experiment actual demand, in order to carry out test temperature to the heat source of different distances, carry out the record thermal runaway overall process through digital camera 14 simultaneously, the experimentation can carry out real-time observation through observation window 37.
The outside left side of the 11 cabin bodies in experiment still is provided with the air inlet 13 that is used for the pressure difference of control regulation experiment cabin body, vacuum box 15 comprises a plurality of little boxes, every box can both provide the place of carrying out lithium ion battery's vacuum cooling, the design of the vacuum cooling water course in the box adopts screw-tupe cooling water course 33, as shown in fig. 4, the spiral pipeline compares with the straight tube and has better heat transfer characteristic, screw-tupe cooling water course 33 has the streaming shape, the messenger's medium receives the interference when passing through, the thickness of laminar flow bottom has been attenuate, thereby improve average heat exchange efficiency, the effect of strengthening heat transfer has been reached, thereby can carry out heat more fast and volatilize. The automatic telescopic sealing port 12 adopts a modern mechanical telescopic technology, when the lithium ion battery is out of control thermally, the vacuum box control device 16 on the vacuum box adjusts the automatic telescopic sealing port 12 to be in sealing connection with the lower port 32, the lower port 32 surrounds the lithium ion battery in a surrounding mode, and the effect of sealing connection with the automatic telescopic sealing port is achieved, as shown in fig. 3, the pressure difference in the pipeline is adjusted, the lithium ion battery is conveyed into the vacuum box 15 through the pressure difference to be cooled (the vacuum box adjusts the internal pressure through the vacuum pump, so that when the automatic telescopic sealing port 12 is connected with the lower port 32, the pressure difference between the internal pressure in the pipeline and the internal chamber is formed, an upward fluid power is generated, the battery is sucked into the vacuum box through the pipeline), and the whole conveying pipeline is made of a high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant composite material.
The vacuum cooling system comprises a vacuum box 15, a vacuum pump 21, a refrigerant box 22, a refrigerating pump 23 and a refrigerating system 27; the vacuum box 15 is connected with a water catcher 20 on the left side through a vacuum pipeline 17, the water catcher comprises a water catcher switch 19 and a brake thermoregulator 18, the switch controls the discharge of cooling materials, and the brake thermoregulator 18 carries out forced cooling; the left side of the water catcher is connected with a vacuum pump control device, the vacuum pump 21 is connected with the control device 24 up and down, the controller 25 on the control device 24 can adjust and control the internal pressure of the vacuum pump, and because water vapor is generated in the cooling process, if the water vapor directly enters the vacuum pump 21, emulsification of pump oil is caused, the performance of the pump is influenced, and the pump body is damaged. The solution is to add a set of water catcher 20 in front of the pump, and the water is condensed into water by low temperature and drained by the control device 19 on the water catcher. Meanwhile, a refrigerating system 27 is configured, so that the air without water vapor is exhausted by the vacuum pump 21; the left side of the vacuum pump is provided with a refrigerant box 22 and a refrigerating pump 23 which are connected up and down, the refrigerating control pipeline 26 is connected with a refrigerating system 27, the refrigerating system 27 feeds back analysis results such as heat release rate and heat release quantity of the experiment chamber control and analysis integrated system 1 to control the storage and addition of refrigerating materials in the refrigerant box 22 and adjust refrigerating power, then the refrigerating pump 23 is opened, the cooling materials can flow out to enter the vacuum box 20 to cool the battery.
The vacuum pipe 17 is used for conveying cooling water, inorganic or organic aqueous solution and other materials into the vacuum box 15.
This device utilizes the use of thermocouple (8, 9) in the cooperation of self-control battery fixed bolster 7, not only lets the experimenter more convenient to the temperature test operation of battery, can also carry out the dismouting of change of thermocouple material and support at any time, carries out the temperature measurement of different distances to the thermal runaway heat source, the effectual convenience that has improved the experiment, the security of experiment and the whole accuracy that has improved data.
Water vapor is generated in the cooling process, and if the water vapor directly enters the vacuum pump, the water vapor causes emulsification of pump oil, thereby not only affecting the performance of the pump, but also causing damage to the pump body. The solution is that a set of water catcher 20 is added in front of the pump, the water vapor is condensed into water by low temperature and is discharged, and the temperature can be forcibly reduced by the brake thermoregulator 18 when necessary. The vacuum pump 21 continuously provides a vacuum environment for the whole vacuum cooling system, and the refrigerant box and the refrigerating system continuously provide cooling materials, so that the whole thermal runaway vacuum cooling system can continuously run, and the lithium ion battery after thermal runaway is continuously cooled.
Compared with the traditional normal temperature and normal pressure environment, the method can be used for researching and analyzing the thermal runaway behavior of the lithium ion battery in the variable pressure environment, and compared with the traditional vacuum cooling which is only used for food processing and other aspects, the vacuum cooling is innovatively applied to the thermal runaway cooling of the lithium ion battery, so that the thermal runaway experiment of the lithium ion battery is realized, various phenomena and parameter changes of the thermal runaway of the battery are analyzed in the variable temperature and pressure environment, and the vacuum rapid cooling is carried out on the battery according to the thermal runaway characteristic. The specific process is as follows:
(1) before the experiment is started, various equipment devices are connected, the control and analysis integrated system 1 of the experiment chamber is started for testing, and whether all the equipment devices work normally or not is checked one by one.
(2) With self-control iron wire and experimental sample lithium ion battery 5 together fixed with hot plate 6, take place the displacement because of explosion impact force when preventing the experiment, and make experimental data inaccurate, paste one deck insulating film in battery utmost point ear department, prevent that iron wire and utmost point ear contact from forming outer short circuit, then thermocouple (8, 9) are fixed in fixed bolster 7, adjust the interval between the thermocouple according to experiment actual demand, with the heat source to different distances carries out test temperature, carry out the record thermal runaway overall process through digital camera 14 simultaneously, the experimentation can carry out real-time observation through observation window 37.
(3) Before the experiment is carried out, firstly, the dynamic temperature and pressure change control device 34 on the experiment chamber control and analysis integrated system 1 is used for thermal runaway calibration and gas evacuation, and the whole dynamic temperature and pressure change experiment chamber 10 is in pressure dynamic balance by controlling the gas inlet 13 and the gas outlet tubule 4 so as to be ready for the experiment at any time.
(4) After the experiment is started, the flue gas heat release analysis device 35 is used for analyzing components of a flue gas sample collected by the flue gas sampling tube 3, simulated experiment environment data under various environments can be analyzed, components and percentages of flue gas are generated, gases such as CO, CO2, O2, NO, CH4 and the like are analyzed, a carbon-hydrogen ratio and thermal runaway relation are analyzed, Heat Release Rate (HRR) analysis and measurement are simultaneously carried out, heat generated in a thermal runaway process of a lithium ion battery under different pressure working conditions is measured, and the heat generation net power Q (t) in the battery is calculated according to the following formula:
q (t) + qc (t) + qe (t) + qh (t), where Q is the external heat source input power;
the chemical reaction heat generation power Qc (t) is calculated as follows:
Qc(t)＝QSEI(t)+Qanode(t)+Qseparator(t)+Qelectrolyte(t)+Qcathode(t)，
QSEI (t) generates heat for the decomposition of sei film, Qseparator (t) generates heat for the decomposition of diaphragm, Qelectrolyte (t) generates heat for the decomposition of electrolyte, and Qcathode (t) generates heat for polarization.
The mass flow of the flue gas is calculated and obtained through the pressure difference value and the flue gas temperature before and after the flue gas flow orifice plate in the flue gas exhaust pipeline, and the formula (1) is shown.
In the formula (1), meThe mass flow of the flue gas in the circular pipeline is kg/s; a is the cross-sectional area of the smoke tube, m 2; k is a radical ofcIs the airflow velocity distribution shape factor in the smoke tube; (re) is a reynolds number correction function; delta P is smoke tube pressure difference Pa; t iseMeasure the point flue gas temperature, K.
HRR of the cell during combustion is:
in the formula (2), E is the heat released by burning 1kg of O2, and is about 13.1 MJ/kg;
the mass flow rate of the oxygen inhaled before and after the experiment is kg/s.
The heat release amount and the smoke mass flow of the lithium ion battery can be calculated through the formulas, data are provided for the refrigerating system 27 and the refrigerating system 22, and therefore accurate cooling is achieved.
(5) When the lithium ion battery is out of control thermally, the automatic telescopic sealing port 12 is adjusted to be in sealing connection with the lower port 32 through the vacuum control device 16 on the vacuum box, the pressure difference in the pipeline is adjusted, the lithium ion battery is conveyed into the vacuum box 15 through the pressure difference to be cooled so as to achieve rapid cooling, the vacuum box 15 is composed of a plurality of small boxes, each box can provide a place for performing vacuum cooling of the lithium ion battery, a spiral cooling water channel 33 is adopted for the design of a vacuum cooling water channel in the box, and the flow velocity calculation formula of a cooling material medium in the cooling water channel is as follows, wherein W is QA (3); in the formula, Q is the flow; a is the cross section of the water channel, and A is a multiplied by b; w is the flow rate of the water channel; a. b is the length and width of the cross section of the water channel, and the vacuum box can provide a plurality of groups of batteries for cooling treatment at the same time.
(6) Moisture is generated during the cooling process and if the moisture enters the vacuum pump 21 directly, it will cause emulsification of the pump oil, which will not only affect the performance of the pump but also cause damage to the pump body itself. The solution is that a set of water catcher 20 is added in front of the pump, and the water vapor generated in the cooling process is condensed into water and discharged by the forced cooling of the brake thermostat 18. A refrigeration system 27 is also provided to allow the moisture-depleted air to be exhausted via vacuum pump 21. The control device 24 then regulates the operation of the vacuum pump 21, which is responsible for creating the vacuum environment of the entire cooling system. The refrigerant tank 22 is connected to the refrigerant pump 23 and is controlled by a refrigeration system 27, including storage and addition of refrigerant from the refrigerant tank and adjustment of refrigeration capacity, so that when the refrigerant pump 23 is turned on, the refrigerant flows out into the vacuum tank 20. Experimenters should wear experimental gloves, experimental clothes, goggles and gas masks in the process of arranging and carrying out experiments to prevent accidental injury during experiments.
The device simulates the high-altitude flying environment of an aircraft, provides a low-pressure variable-pressure environment, so as to perform a thermal runaway reaction experiment of the battery, and compared with the traditional fire extinguishing system after the thermal runaway of the battery, the device innovatively utilizes the vacuum cooling system to perform rapid cooling so as to prevent the possibility of large-scale fire, researches parameter changes such as heat production and flue gas analysis after the thermal runaway of the lithium battery under the simulated low-pressure environment, and a method for cooling after the thermal runaway occurs.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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