CN113770750A - High-precision six-claw duplex floating type self-centering clamping mechanism and clamping method - Google Patents
High-precision six-claw duplex floating type self-centering clamping mechanism and clamping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113770750A CN113770750A CN202111025823.6A CN202111025823A CN113770750A CN 113770750 A CN113770750 A CN 113770750A CN 202111025823 A CN202111025823 A CN 202111025823A CN 113770750 A CN113770750 A CN 113770750A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of clamp structures, in particular to a high-precision six-claw duplex floating type self-centering clamping mechanism and a clamping method. The clamp comprises a clamp body and at least two groups of clamping jaws, wherein each group of clamping jaws is at least three; the clamp body is provided with an installation groove which is obliquely arranged; the clamping jaw comprises an inclined pull rod which is arranged in the mounting groove in a penetrating mode and can move along the length direction of the mounting groove and a clamping jaw which is fixed at the end part, extending out of the clamp body, of the inclined pull rod; a plunger cylinder for driving the diagonal draw bar to move along the mounting groove so as to tighten the clamping jaws to clamp the workpiece is arranged in the clamp body; the plunger cylinders correspond to the diagonal draw bars one to one, the driving speed of the corresponding plunger cylinders in the same group of clamping jaws is consistent, and the driving speed of the plunger cylinders in different groups of clamping jaws is different. The clamp disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate, pre-clamping and pre-positioning of the workpiece are realized by controlling the clamping speed of different groups of clamping jaws, the clamping precision of the workpiece is improved, and the technical problem of turning thermal deformation is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of clamp structures, in particular to a high-precision six-claw duplex floating type self-centering clamping mechanism and a clamping method.
Background
In an automobile braking system, a car brake disc belongs to a precise part in a brake part, the requirement on dimensional precision is high, particularly, the thickness difference of a cap surface of the brake disc is usually required to be only 5-6mm, clamping and turning processing is easy to generate clamping and turning thermal deformation, the flatness of mounting surfaces of a wheel and a hub is required to be 0.02mm, and the jumping is required to be 0.025mm, and the high-precision form and position tolerance is a great problem in brake disc processing. In order to meet the requirements of dimensional tolerance, the method needs high-precision, high-strength and high-sensitivity positioning and processing modes to realize the dimensional processing, the positioning and clamping processes of a positive numerical control lathe and an inverted numerical control lathe and a high-precision six-claw duplex floating type self-centering chuck clamping mechanism are adopted for ensuring the dimensional processing, and the stability of a workpiece in the finish machining process and the safety of equipment, the workpiece and personnel are ensured.
Although various positioning and clamping mechanisms used in turning and finish machining are provided in the prior art, the clamping mechanisms are generally designed in a traditional sliding block type or 3-6 claw type mode, the part machining rigidity is poor, thin-wall parts are prone to deformation, the positioning is inaccurate, the tool changing and tool setting accuracy is poor, the generation of work waste is increased, great waste is caused, and meanwhile, the labor time and the labor intensity of machining workers are prolonged. And the common clamping mechanism has no pressure maintaining measure, and the safety is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the background art and provide a high-precision six-claw duplex floating type self-centering clamping mechanism and a clamping method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a six claw pair floating self-centering clamping mechanism of high accuracy, includes the anchor clamps body, its characterized in that: the clamping jaw device also comprises at least two groups of clamping jaws, and each group of clamping jaws is at least three; the clamp body is provided with an installation groove which is obliquely arranged; the clamping jaw comprises an inclined pull rod which is arranged in the mounting groove in a penetrating mode and can move along the length direction of the mounting groove and a clamping jaw which is fixed at the end part, extending out of the clamp body, of the inclined pull rod; the fixture body is internally provided with a plunger cylinder which is used for driving the diagonal draw bar to move along the mounting groove so as to tighten the clamping jaws to clamp a workpiece; the plunger cylinders correspond to the diagonal draw bars one to one, the driving speed of the corresponding plunger cylinders in the same group of clamping jaws is consistent, and the driving speed of the plunger cylinders in different groups of clamping jaws is different.
The device further comprises a wedge block; the wedge block is of a T-shaped structure, the small end of the wedge block is fixed at one end of the diagonal draw bar extending into the clamp body, and the large end of the wedge block extends in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the diagonal draw bar; and a plunger in the plunger cylinder is connected with the large head end of the wedge block.
The plunger cylinder is transversely arranged, the end part of the plunger in the plunger cylinder is of a spherical surface structure, and the spherical surface of the plunger and the end part of the big end of the wedge form a point connecting structure.
Further still be provided with in the anchor clamps body and be used for driving all diagonal draw bars and outwards remove along the mounting groove and make the clamping jaw expand the master cylinder that the pine takes off the work piece.
The main oil cylinder is further transversely arranged, and a piston rod of the main oil cylinder is provided with a push rod which is coaxially arranged; a conical sliding block is fixed on the push rod; one side of the conical sliding block is matched with the inclined end faces of the wedges on the side away from the diagonal draw bar, and the wedges are pushed to move towards one side of the clamping jaw along the axial line of the push rod under the driving of the push rod.
The clamping jaws in the further clamping jaws are encircled to form a circle, and the clamping jaws in the same group of clamping jaws are uniformly distributed on the circle at intervals.
Further still be provided with on the anchor clamps body and use the detection structure of judging whether accurate positioning of work piece.
The detection structure further comprises a positioning block fixed on one side of the clamp body, which is provided with a clamping jaw; and the positioning block is provided with a plurality of air detection position holes for detecting whether the workpieces are tightly attached.
A load sensing valve is further arranged on the conical sliding block; and the load sensing valve is opened after the conical sliding block contacts the wedge block and sends a signal for filling oil into the plunger cylinder to the control device.
A clamping block is further arranged on the clamping jaw; the clamping block is a block structure which is fixed on the clamping jaw and used for enlarging the contact area with the workpiece.
A clamping method of a high-precision six-claw duplex floating type self-centering clamping mechanism is characterized in that oil is injected into a plunger type cylinder, the plunger type cylinder drives clamping jaws to retract, a group of clamping jaws with high driving speed retract to clamp a workpiece to realize pre-positioning and pre-clamping of the workpiece, and then a group of clamping jaws with low driving speed retract to clamp a workpiece to realize secondary clamping of the workpiece to finish clamping of the workpiece.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. according to the clamping device, multiple groups of clamping jaws are arranged, each clamping jaw is controlled through the independent plunger type cylinder, the driving speed of the plunger type cylinders of the clamping jaws in the same group is consistent, and the driving speed of the plunger type cylinders of the clamping jaws in different groups is different, so that the clamping jaws in the process of clamping a workpiece can form pre-clamping and pre-positioning on the workpiece by one group of clamping jaws with a high driving speed, and after the pre-clamping and pre-positioning are completed, the workpiece is clamped by one group or multiple groups of clamping jaws with a low driving speed to form a stable clamping structure;
2. the power of the plunger cylinder is transmitted to the diagonal draw bar by taking the wedge block as a transmission structure in the diagonal draw bar driving, the transmission structure is simple, the power of the plunger cylinder is stably transmitted to the diagonal draw bar and is transmitted along the axial direction of the diagonal draw bar, and the generation of partial acting force in other directions is avoided;
3. the plunger cylinder is transversely arranged, and the plunger end surface of the plunger cylinder is a spherical end surface in point contact with the inclined surface of the wedge block, so that the structure arrangement is simple, the acting force conduction is high-efficiency, and the processing difficulty of parts is greatly reduced;
4. the main oil cylinder controls all the diagonal draw bars to move, so that the clamped object is loosened, the structure is simple, and the use is convenient;
5. the main oil cylinder is connected with the wedge blocks through the push rod and the conical sliding blocks, the end surfaces of the conical centers of the conical sliding blocks are connected with the end surfaces of all the wedge blocks, and the push rod pushes the conical sliding blocks to drive all the diagonal draw bars, so that the structure is simple and the use is convenient;
6. the clamping jaws of the same group are uniformly distributed, so that a workpiece can be clamped more stably, the stress is more concentrated, and the positioning is more convenient;
7. according to the invention, the detection structure is arranged on the clamp body, so that whether the workpiece is accurately positioned or not is detected, and the problem of processing failure caused by inaccurate positioning is avoided;
8. the detection structure is extremely simple, the positioning block is provided with the plurality of air detection position holes, and the completely positioned workpiece is attached to the air detection position holes to block the air detection position holes, so that the workpiece is proved to be positioned in place, otherwise, the complete positioning is not realized, the design is delicate, and the use aspect greatly improves the workpiece processing efficiency and the processing precision;
9. according to the invention, the load sensing valve is arranged on the conical sliding block, and the load sensing valve is opened when the conical sliding block contacts the wedge block, so that the plunger cylinder is oiled and starts to clamp a workpiece, the whole process is coherent, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved;
10. according to the invention, the clamping blocks are arranged on the clamping jaws, so that the contact area of the workpiece is increased, the stability is greatly enhanced, and the problem of low machining precision caused by the displacement of the workpiece in the machining process is solved.
The clamp disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate, realizes pre-clamping and pre-positioning of the workpiece by controlling the clamping speed of different groups of clamping jaws, improves the clamping precision of the workpiece, solves the technical problem of turning thermal deformation, and has great popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the clamp structure of the invention is schematic;
FIG. 2: the invention discloses a schematic view of a mounting structure of a wedge block and a plunger pump of a clamp structure;
FIG. 3: the clamp clamps a workpiece structure schematic diagram;
FIG. 4: the clamp axis view of the present invention;
wherein: 1-a clamp body; 2, diagonal draw bars; 3, clamping jaws; 4-plunger cylinder; 5, wedge blocks; 6-a plunger; 7, a master cylinder; 8-a piston rod; 9-a push rod; 10-a conical slider; 11-a positioning block; 12-gas detection position holes; 13-load sensing valve; 14-a clamping block; 15, workpiece.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the clamp of the embodiment comprises a clamp body 1, wherein two sets of clamping jaws are arranged on the clamp body 1, each set of clamping jaw comprises three clamping jaws, and each clamping jaw comprises an inclined pull rod 2 penetrating through the clamp body 1. As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the clamp body 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a mounting groove corresponding to the diagonal draw bar 2 one-to-one, the mounting groove is arranged in an inclined manner, the diagonal draw bar 2 can movably penetrate through the mounting groove along the length direction of the mounting groove, the clamping jaw 3 is arranged at one end outside the clamp body 1, the clamping block 14 is mounted on the clamping jaw 3, and the clamping block 14 is a block structure fixed on the clamping jaw 3 and used for enlarging the contact area with a workpiece.
The one end that oblique pull rod 2 of this embodiment stretched into anchor clamps body 1 is provided with voussoir 5, as shown in fig. 1 ~ 3, voussoir 5 is the T type structure that the tip is fixed in the one end that oblique pull rod 2 stretched into anchor clamps body 1, major part end perpendicular to oblique pull rod 2 axial extension. Both sides of the wedge 5 in the transverse direction are inclined end surfaces.
The fixture body 1 is further provided with plunger cylinders 4 corresponding to the inclined pull rods 2 one by one, the plunger cylinders 4 are connected with the fixture body 1 in a hard mode, the axis of each plunger cylinder 4 is arranged along the transverse direction, and a plunger 6 of each plunger cylinder 4 extends out to be used for pushing the wedge blocks 5 to move. Wherein, the one end that plunger 6 faced voussoir 5 is the ball terminal surface, and the ball terminal surface of plunger 6 supports tightly on the voussoir 5 faces the inclined terminal surface of one side of diagonal draw bar 2, forms point connection structure, because is the point connection, therefore can the universal rotation in fact or along the inclined terminal surface removal. The plunger 6 extends out, so that the wedge block 5 can be pushed to axially move along the diagonal draw bar 2, the diagonal draw bar 2 is driven to move along the mounting groove, and the tightening of the clamping jaw 3 is realized.
Two sets of clamping jaws of this embodiment, every group clamping jaw include three clamping jaws, and the 4 drive rate of the plunger case of three clamping jaws of the same group are unanimous, and the 4 drive rate of the plunger case in the clamping jaw of different groups are different. The group of clamping jaws with high driving speed contacts the workpiece firstly to realize pre-clamping and pre-positioning, and the group of clamping jaws with low driving speed contacts the workpiece later to realize stable clamping. Six jack catchs 3 in six clamping jaws encircle and are the circle, and three jack catchs 3 in the three clamping jaws of same group evenly spaced apart on the circle, interval 120 between each other, and the jack catch 3 in a set of clamping jaw is in the centre of two adjacent jack catchs 3 of another group, just so two adjacent jack catchs 3 interval 60.
The main oil cylinder 7 drives the push rod 9 to move along the transverse direction, so that the conical slide block 10 abuts against the wedge block 5 to move along the axial direction of the inclined pull rod 2, the clamping jaw 3 moves towards one side of a workpiece, and the workpiece is loosened. In the present embodiment, the load sensing valve 13 is provided in the tapered slider 10, and the load sensing valve 13 opens when the tapered slider 10 comes into contact with the wedge 5 and sends a signal to the control device to fill the plunger cylinder 4 with oil. The operation of the plunger pump 4 can be controlled in real time through the load sensing valve 13.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, a positioning block 11 is disposed on a fixture body 1, the positioning block 11 is located on one side of the fixture body 1 facing a workpiece, and is located in a circle formed by six claws 3, the positioning block 11 is used for contacting the workpiece, and a plurality of gas detection position holes 12 used for detecting whether the workpiece is tightly attached to the workpiece are disposed on the positioning block 11.
During actual use, the clamp automatically moves to a feeding area of a workpiece, the clamp descends, the workpiece 15 is loaded into the clamping block 14, the clamp descends continuously to enable the surface of the workpiece to be tightly attached to the positioning block 11, the three air level detection holes 12 of the positioning block 11 are blocked, compressed air cannot pass through the clamping block, the workpiece 15 is correctly positioned, otherwise, the device gives an alarm, the workpiece cannot enter a cutting working condition, and a self-protection effect is achieved. At the moment, 600N pressure is provided by a lathe system main oil cylinder 7, a middle push rod 9 is pushed, the push rod 9 drives a conical slide block 10 to move downwards, a wedge block 5 and a load sensing valve 13 are pressed, a valve of the load sensing valve 13 is opened, the system simultaneously injects oil into six plunger cylinders 4, system oil pressure is continuously injected into the plunger cylinders 4 through oil grooves, the oil pressure pushes six plungers 6 to move upwards, the plunger cylinders 4 are divided into two groups, each group of 3 cylinders are distributed at 120 degrees, and three diagonal draw bars 2 are respectively controlled in a cross mode. The radial flow difference of the oil inlet holes of the two groups of plunger cylinders 4 is 0.231L/min, the group with fast oil inlet can realize the pre-positioning and pre-clamping of the workpiece 15, and the other group can realize the secondary clamping of the workpiece 15. The wedge block 5 and the diagonal draw bar 2 are pushed to move upwards in the process of moving the plunger 6 upwards to drive the clamping block 14 to finally clamp the workpiece 15, the inclined surface of the wedge block 5 presses a valve of a load sensing valve 13, the valve of the load sensing valve 13 is closed at the moment, an oil path in the plunger cylinder 4 is in a closed state, the pressure maintaining state is achieved at the moment, the pressure in the cylinder bodies of the six plunger cylinders 4 is equal, the pressure of the clamping block 14 is in a floating state, the surfaces of the six clamping blocks 14 and the workpiece 15 are pressed uniformly, the turning processing of the workpiece 15 is started, after the processing is completed, 600N pressure is provided by a main oil cylinder 7 of a lathe system, the middle push rod 9 is pushed, the push rod 9 drives the conical slide block 10 to move downwards to press the wedge block 5, the valve of the load sensing valve 13 is opened, the wedge block 5 continues to move downwards to push the plunger 6 to unload, the clamping block 14 releases the workpiece 15 at the same time, and the working of one turning working condition is completed.
The clamp of the embodiment can be applied to finish machining of thin-wall parts of the brake disc, and the related problem of thermal deformation of the thin-wall parts of the brake disc in turning machining is solved. The original common three-jaw chuck turning workpiece line is 250-300m/min, the feeding speed is 0.1-0.15mm/r, the production rhythm is 118 seconds, and the actual production is 350 pieces/class; after the clamp of the embodiment is used, under the control of a preset program, the linear speed of the turning workpiece can reach 600-800m/min, the feeding speed is 0.3-0.35mm/r, the production rhythm is promoted to 48 seconds, and the actual production is 615 pieces/class. The stability and the accuracy of the machining process are ensured, the manufacturing efficiency is effectively improved by 2.5 times, the machining cost and the labor intensity of workers are reduced, and the requirement on the product quality is ensured.
265 parts are added to each shift of the lifted and post-processed parts, each part has 120 yuan, and the cost is saved by 558.91 ten thousand yuan each year.
As shown in fig. 1, the lateral direction of the present embodiment refers to the left-right direction in fig. 1, and the axial directions of the plunger cylinder 4 and the push rod 9, and the master cylinder 7 are arranged in the lateral direction.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a six claw pair floating self-centering clamping mechanism of high accuracy, includes anchor clamps body (1), its characterized in that: the clamping jaw device also comprises at least two groups of clamping jaws, and each group of clamping jaws is at least three; the clamp body (1) is provided with an installation groove which is obliquely arranged; the clamping jaw comprises an inclined pull rod (2) which is arranged in the mounting groove in a penetrating mode and can move along the length direction of the mounting groove and a clamping jaw (3) which is fixed at the end part, extending out of the clamp body (1), of the inclined pull rod (2); a plunger cylinder (4) for driving the diagonal draw bar (2) to move along the mounting groove so as to tighten the clamping jaws to clamp a workpiece is arranged in the clamp body (1); the plunger type cylinders (4) correspond to the inclined pull rods (2) one by one, the driving speeds of the corresponding plunger type cylinders (4) in the same group of clamping jaws are consistent, and the driving speeds of the plunger type cylinders (4) in the different groups of clamping jaws are different.
2. The high-precision six-jaw duplex floating self-centering clamping mechanism of claim 1, wherein: also comprises a wedge block (5); the wedge block (5) is of a T-shaped structure, the small end of the wedge block is fixed at one end of the diagonal draw bar (2) extending into the clamp body (1), and the large end of the wedge block extends in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the diagonal draw bar (2); and a plunger (6) in the plunger cylinder (4) is connected with the big end of the wedge block (5).
3. A high precision six-jaw twin floating self centering clamp mechanism as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the plunger cylinder (4) is transversely arranged, the end part of the plunger (6) in the plunger cylinder (4) is of a spherical surface structure, and the spherical surface of the plunger (6) and the large end of the wedge block (5) form a point connecting structure.
4. A high precision six-jaw duplex floating self-centering clamping mechanism as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: and a main oil cylinder (7) used for driving all the diagonal draw bars (2) to move outwards along the mounting groove so as to expand and loosen the clamping jaw to release the workpiece is further arranged in the clamp body (1).
5. The high-precision six-jaw duplex floating self-centering clamping mechanism of claim 4, wherein: the main oil cylinder (7) is transversely arranged, and a piston rod (8) of the main oil cylinder (7) is provided with a push rod (9) which is coaxially arranged; a conical sliding block (10) is fixed on the push rod (9); one side of the conical sliding block (10) is matched with the inclined end face of one side of each wedge block (5) departing from the inclined pull rod (2), and the pushing wedge blocks (5) are pushed to move towards one side of the clamping jaws (3) along the axis of the push rod (9) through the driving of the push rod (9).
6. The high-precision six-jaw duplex floating self-centering clamping mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the clamping jaws (3) in the clamping jaws are encircled to form a circle, and the clamping jaws (3) in the same group of clamping jaws are uniformly distributed on the circle at intervals.
7. The high-precision six-jaw duplex floating self-centering clamping mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the clamp body (1) is further provided with a detection structure for judging whether the workpiece is accurately positioned.
8. The high-precision six-jaw duplex floating self-centering clamping mechanism of claim 7, wherein: the detection structure comprises a positioning block (11) fixed on one side of the clamp body (1) where the clamping jaw (3) is arranged; and a plurality of gas detection position holes (12) used for detecting whether the workpieces are tightly attached are formed in the positioning block (11).
9. The high-precision six-jaw duplex floating self-centering clamping mechanism of claim 5, wherein: the conical sliding block (10) is provided with a load sensing valve (13); the load sensing valve (13) is opened after the conical sliding block (10) contacts the wedge block (5) and sends an oil filling signal to the plunger cylinder (4) to the control device.
10. A clamping method of a high-precision six-claw duplex floating type self-centering clamping mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the plunger type cylinder (4) is filled with oil, the clamping jaws are driven to retract through the plunger type cylinder (4), a group of clamping jaws with high driving speed retract to clamp the workpiece to realize pre-positioning and pre-clamping of the workpiece, and then a group of clamping jaws with low driving speed retract to clamp and attack the workpiece to realize secondary clamping of the workpiece to finish clamping of the workpiece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111025823.6A CN113770750A (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | High-precision six-claw duplex floating type self-centering clamping mechanism and clamping method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111025823.6A CN113770750A (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | High-precision six-claw duplex floating type self-centering clamping mechanism and clamping method |
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| CN202111025823.6A Pending CN113770750A (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | High-precision six-claw duplex floating type self-centering clamping mechanism and clamping method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114354339A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-15 | 东风汽车动力零部件有限公司 | Terminal tensile test fixing device |
| CN114603170A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-06-10 | 内蒙古工业大学 | A New Front-Type Hydraulic Six-Jaw Pipe Power Chuck |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114354339A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-15 | 东风汽车动力零部件有限公司 | Terminal tensile test fixing device |
| CN114603170A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-06-10 | 内蒙古工业大学 | A New Front-Type Hydraulic Six-Jaw Pipe Power Chuck |
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Application publication date: 20211210 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |