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CN113767924B - 异噁唑类化合物在杀虫剂中的应用 - Google Patents

异噁唑类化合物在杀虫剂中的应用 Download PDF

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CN113767924B
CN113767924B CN202110930030.2A CN202110930030A CN113767924B CN 113767924 B CN113767924 B CN 113767924B CN 202110930030 A CN202110930030 A CN 202110930030A CN 113767924 B CN113767924 B CN 113767924B
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开振鹏
凌烨
邵万策
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Shanghai Institute of Technology
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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    • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
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Abstract

本发明涉及异噁唑类化合物在杀虫剂中的应用，其中，异噁唑类化合物具体为异噁唑类化合物FB23，或异噁唑类化合物FB23‑2，其结构式分别如下所示：

Description

异噁唑类化合物在杀虫剂中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域，涉及异噁唑类化合物在杀虫剂中的应用。
背景技术
同类相食，是自然界中广泛存在并分布的一种现象。同类相食有多种表现形式：吃掉同类是最直接的行为，这种行为一般发生在体形较大的个体吃掉体形较小的个 体；其次，表现在吃掉同类未孵化的卵及幼体，这种行为通常发生在变态发育的多 种生物群体中，它们需要快速吸收营养发育成成体；再次，表现在同一物种间的相 互攻击行为，这种行为发生在双方争夺食物或者入侵同类巢穴的物种间，其造成的 结果可能是两败俱伤，双方攻击而亡。而有的物种间的同类相食，是由于食物不足 而进化出的适应性特征，由于许多代的个体长期暴露在营养不良的环境中，被选择 的种群会进化出更有效的猎食方式，而这种行为是可以适应的，并且有足够的基因 变异，且在短时间内进化。这也可以解释即使在食物充足的条件下，物种也会倾向 于发生同类相食行为。
在许多昆虫目中都有同类相食的记载，包括直翅目、蜚蠊目、半翅目、鞘翅目、 膜翅目、鳞翅目和双翅目。在鳞翅目昆虫中同类相食更是尤为常见。当幼虫达到较 高的幼虫密度时，它们会分散并最终呈现出均匀的空间分布。研究报导植物会通过 防御诱导增加昆虫的自相残杀行为，以此来降低植物的被食量。因此，开发能诱导 诱导害虫同类相食的杀虫剂，将害虫的绿色防控提供一条崭新的途径。
化合物FB23和FB23-2被用于生命科学和医学研究，但是对于其在杀虫剂方 面的应用还未见诸报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一类崭新的、绿色的害虫防控技术，即提供一种能诱导 害虫同类相食的异噁唑类化合物在杀虫剂中的应用。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种异噁唑类化合物在杀虫剂中的应用，其中，异噁唑类化合物具体为异噁唑 类化合物FB23(CAS登记号：2243736-35-6)，或异噁唑类化合物FB23-2(CAS 登记号：2243736-45-8)，其结构式分别如下所示：
Figure BDA0003210241770000021
进一步地，所述的异噁唑类化合物均可用于制备杀虫剂及在农业害虫防治中的应用。
更进一步地，所述的异噁唑类化合物均可用于制备防治草地贪夜蛾的杀虫剂。
更进一步地，所述的异噁唑类化合物均可用于制备防治斜纹夜蛾的杀虫剂。
更进一步地，所述的异噁唑类化合物均可用于制备防治小菜蛾的杀虫剂。
更进一步地，所述的异噁唑类化合物均可用于制备防治甜菜夜蛾的杀虫剂。
上述的杀虫机制有别于其它商品化杀虫剂，异噁唑类化合物FB23、FB23-2可 以诱导鳞翅目害虫幼虫同类相食，降低虫口密度，达到防控鳞翅目害虫的目的。故 而提供了一个害虫绿色防控的崭新途径，尤其对于草地贪夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾 及甜菜夜蛾，具有非常明显的作用效果。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下特点：
1)本发明拓宽了化合物FB23和FB23-2的应用领域，首次将其运用于杀虫剂 中，尤其是首次将能诱导害虫同类相食的化合物运用于害虫绿色防控中；
2)相较于现有技术中主要作用于害虫神经系统的杀虫剂，本发明中的异噁唑 类化合物FB23与FB23-2可诱导害虫同类相食，由此可实现多种农业害虫的防治， 尤其对草地贪夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾及甜菜夜蛾具有显著的防治效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限 于下述的实施例。
以下实施例中的化合物FB23和FB23-2均购自Selleck Chemicals公司；所用 昆虫购自河南省科云生物农药有限公司，后经实验室饲养繁殖。
试虫饲养条件如下：饲料购自河南省科云生物农药有限公司，水源为自来水， 温度为28±1℃，相对湿度为50-70％，光周期为L14:D10。
实施例1：
化合物FB23和FB23-2对害虫同类相食行为影响的测定。
1、试验方法：
本实施例参考文献报道的方法(Nat Ecol Evol 2017,1:1205-1207)，测定化合物FB23和FB23-2对草地贪夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾和甜菜夜蛾同类相食行为的 影响，具体操作如下：
选取若干正常健康的4龄幼虫和正常健康的3龄幼虫，在放好充足食物的大杯 子中分别放入一只4龄幼虫和一只3龄幼虫；以10个杯子为一组，分别设置实验 组(设置5组生物学重复)和空白对照组。将化合物用丙酮稀释为10-5-10-7M，用 点滴法以5μL/只的剂量分别滴在实验组杯中4龄幼虫的前胸背板上。空白对照组 点滴相同剂量的丙酮。24h内观察并记录杯中同类相食行为是否发生。
2、结果分析与讨论：
24h同类相食实验的观察，发现化合物FB23和FB23-2均对草地贪夜蛾、斜 纹夜蛾、小菜蛾和甜菜夜蛾同类相食行为有增强作用。表1和表2为24h内，不同 浓度化合物FB23和FB23-2处理的草地贪夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾和甜菜夜蛾同 类相食行为发生率。
表1化合物FB23处理的害虫在24h内同类相食行为发生率(％)
草地贪夜蛾 斜纹夜蛾 小菜蛾 甜菜夜蛾
10<sup>-5</sup>M处理 94±2 72±6 84±10 78±8
10<sup>-6</sup>M处理 52±6 36±4 28±2 26±2
10<sup>-7</sup>M处理 12±2 8±4 0 0
空白对照 0 0 0 0
表2化合物FB23-2处理的害虫在24h内同类相食行为发生率
草地贪夜蛾 斜纹夜蛾 小菜蛾 甜菜夜蛾
10<sup>-5</sup>M处理 86±8 92±5 78±6 84±8
10<sup>-6</sup>M处理 48±4 62±4 36±4 32±4
10<sup>-7</sup>M处理 8±2 10±4 12±2 6±2
空白对照 0 0 0 0
实验结果表明，化合物FB23和FB23-2对草地贪夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾和 甜菜夜蛾的同类相食行为有一定的促进作用。发生同类相食的4龄幼虫在24h内 会将3龄幼虫全部吃点。发生同类相食后的该组4龄幼虫仍吃饲料食物，说明该药 的作用机制并不是使其拒食，而是诱导其产生同类相食行为。
在田间，不同虫龄的害虫同时存在，化合物FB23和FB23-2可以诱导害虫发 生同类相食行为，使得大龄害虫取食低龄害虫，进而达到降低害虫密度和保护农作 物的目的。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此 说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限 于上述实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改 进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种异噁唑类化合物在杀虫剂中的应用，其特征在于，包括将异噁唑类化合物用于制备防治草地贪夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾或甜菜夜蛾的杀虫剂；
所述的异噁唑类化合物的结构式如下所示：
Figure FDA0003669637530000011
2.一种异噁唑类化合物在杀虫剂中的应用，其特征在于，包括将异噁唑类化合物用于制备防治草地贪夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾或甜菜夜蛾的杀虫剂；
所述的异噁唑类化合物的结构式如下所示：
Figure FDA0003669637530000012
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