CN113756530A - A new type of environmentally friendly wall raw soil plastering process - Google Patents
A new type of environmentally friendly wall raw soil plastering process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113756530A CN113756530A CN202110939606.1A CN202110939606A CN113756530A CN 113756530 A CN113756530 A CN 113756530A CN 202110939606 A CN202110939606 A CN 202110939606A CN 113756530 A CN113756530 A CN 113756530A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/047—Plaster carrying meshes
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型环保的墙面生土抹泥工艺，属于建筑技术领域。本发明依托已有的墙体主体或者竹木框架进行表面生土浆料涂抹，其特点在于：使用生土材料辅以砂、或掺入经碾压和切割处理的秸秆或者稻壳植物纤维的混合物，其粘稠度介于流质状态与可塑状态之间，作业完成后的抹泥灰饼厚度为5mm～20mm之间，该新型环保的墙面生土抹泥工艺包括内墙单层抹泥工艺和外墙多层抹泥工艺。一是基于现代材料优化原理，科学选择、配置生土原料，以提高其物理性能；二是以现代改良工具代替传统简易工具，以获得较好的施工效率与质量掌控；三是是施工流程人员分工清晰，形成高效且施工质量稳定的施工组织模式。
The invention relates to a novel environment-friendly wall surface raw soil plastering process, which belongs to the technical field of construction. The invention relies on the existing wall body or bamboo-wood frame to apply raw soil slurry on the surface, and is characterized in that: using raw soil material supplemented by sand, or mixing with rolled and cut processed straw or rice husk plant fiber The viscosity of the mixture is between the liquid state and the plastic state, and the thickness of the plastering plaster cake after the operation is between 5mm and 20mm. Craftsmanship and multi-layer plastering of exterior walls. One is to scientifically select and configure raw soil raw materials based on modern material optimization principles to improve its physical properties; the other is to replace traditional simple tools with modern improved tools to obtain better construction efficiency and quality control; the third is construction process personnel The division of labor is clear, forming an efficient and stable construction organization mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel environment-friendly wall surface raw soil plastering process, belongs to the technical field of buildings, and particularly can be applied to wall surface protection and decoration related to buildings and space construction.
Background
The house building activity using the raw soil can be traced to the invar period at the earliest time, and the raw soil plastering technology has thousands of calendar histories in human life, and has the advantages of available local materials, simple construction, low manufacturing cost, low energy consumption, low pollution and the like.
The traditional wall plastering technology is an ancient wall protection and decoration technology, is commonly used for building wall bodies and internal and external vertical surfaces of rammed earth, brick, mixed building or bamboo keel, reduces the damage of external environments such as wind, sunlight and the like to wall bodies by smearing a layer of soil slurry, and can play a certain decoration role simultaneously.
The traditional wall plastering material mainly uses soil with high sand content, and white lime is used for enhancing the curing speed and the weather resistance after drying, and plant fibers such as cut straws, wheat straws and the like are commonly used in northern areas to improve the condition of low sand content in the soil. Other organic materials such as brown sugar and glutinous rice paste can be added into the plaster in some areas to improve the strength of the plaster after drying.
The traditional plastering technology has self defects in the aspects of mechanics, ecological environment protection, durability and the like, along with the remarkable improvement of living standard, the requirements of maintaining ecological balance and using low-emission building materials are more and more urgent, and the raw plastering material is generally considered to create a texture with local soil smell for living space.
At present, in the known 'raw soil plastering' process in the construction field, in order to achieve the waterproof and waterproof functions, chemical waterproof materials are mostly used for blending, the understanding and sustainability of the 'raw soil' sustainable materials are greatly deviated, and the new development concept of ecological environmental protection is not met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a novel environment-friendly wall surface raw soil plastering process which is reasonable in structural design and suitable for protection and decoration operation of the outer vertical surface and the inner vertical surface of the wall body of all general buildings.
Compared with the traditional plastering process, the method is based on the modern material optimization principle, and scientifically selects and configures the raw soil raw material to improve the physical performance of the raw soil raw material without adding chemical curing agents such as white lime, cement and the like; secondly, a modern improved tool replaces a traditional simple tool so as to obtain better construction efficiency and quality control; thirdly, the division of labor of the construction flow personnel is clear, and a construction organization mode with high efficiency and stable construction quality is formed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: this novel wall raw soil plastering process of environmental protection relies on existing wall body or bamboo wood frame to carry out surperficial raw soil thick liquids and paints, and its characteristics lie in: the novel environment-friendly wall surface raw soil plastering process comprises an inner wall single-layer plastering process and an outer wall multi-layer plastering process, wherein the raw soil material is used as an auxiliary material for sand or a mixture of straw or rice hull plant fibers subjected to rolling and cutting, the viscosity of the raw soil material is between a fluid state and a plastic state, the thickness of a plastering mortar cake after the operation is finished is 5-20 mm.
Further, the single-layer plastering process for the inner wall comprises the following steps:
firstly, splicing and fixing a cement pressure plate on an inner wall to generate a vertical face suitable for a plastering area, wherein the vertical angle of the vertical face is more than or equal to 60 degrees by combining the cementing characteristic condition of a plastering material, and the fixed cement pressure plate can not show the loosening sign under the pressing condition;
secondly, uniformly coating white glue for fixing the linen on the surface of the cement pressure plate, covering the unfolded linen on the white glue, and flattening to ensure that the linen completely covers the abutted seams of the cement pressure plate;
thirdly, adding water into the sieved soil and sand according to a proportion, uniformly stirring the mixture to enable the mixture to reach a fluid state, uniformly coating the mixture on the surface of the linen, and forming a covering layer after the coating is finished;
fourthly, preparing a plastering material, mixing the sieved soil and sand according to a ratio, uniformly stirring in a dry state, adding water, stirring until the state is between a fluid state and a plastic state, and performing plastering construction after a coating layer is dried and a coating film is prepared and cured by the plastering material;
fifthly, wetting the wall surface coating layer to a wet state, wherein water does not naturally flow down;
sixthly, pressing the pug on the wetted coating layer at a constant speed;
seventhly, after the claying is pressed to generate a certain area, pressing, dragging and leveling are carried out before the plasticity of the claying layer becomes low;
and eighthly, performing calendaring treatment after the trowelling leveling operation is finished.
Further, the multilayer plastering process for the outer wall comprises the following steps:
the first step, the first layer of claying is used as a carrier of surface layer claying, and needs to be leveled as much as possible, so that the surface layer claying can reach higher flatness within a limited thickness range, the first layer of claying should use a material with larger particle size than the surface layer claying, but should not exceed the design construction thickness of the first layer of claying, and simultaneously the volume ratio of screened soil to screened sand is reduced, so that slight cracks and pores on the surface layer can be generated for the surface layer claying to grasp and anchor;
the second step, first layer claying is after the complete drying, carries out second floor or top layer claying construction steps, it will lead to the first layer to conduct the slight crack that will produce to the top layer in follow-up shrink in-process to carry out the next layer construction under the condition that first layer claying is not dry, if the second layer claying is not as the top layer claying, then the construction of second layer claying is the same with first layer claying except that material level ratio, the material maximum particle diameter size of second layer claying should be reduced to some extent than the maximum particle diameter size of first layer claying, and claying thickness should be less than first layer claying thickness, the volume ratio of sieving soil and sieving sand should be adjusted to 1: (2 + N), N = 0.1-1;
and thirdly, plastering the surface layer, but performing surface calendering treatment.
Further, an inner wall single-layer plastering process is firstly carried out and then an outer wall multi-layer plastering process is carried out, or an outer wall multi-layer plastering process is firstly carried out and then the inner wall single-layer plastering process is carried out, or the inner wall single-layer plastering process and the outer wall multi-layer plastering process are synchronously carried out.
Further, grading adjustment is carried out after the inner wall single-layer plastering process and the outer wall multi-layer plastering process, and the grading adjustment is as follows:
because the liquid limit, the plastic limit, the tensile strength and the like of different types of clay materials in different regions are different, and the surface textures required to be achieved are also different according to the construction design requirements, under the condition that the volume of the used screened soil is not changed, the usage amount of the aggregate is changed according to the modulus of 0.2, and the minimum ratio which takes no crack as the requirement is found to be used as the final grading scheme.
Further, local plastering detail supplement is carried out after the inner wall single-layer plastering process and the outer wall multi-layer plastering process, and the local plastering detail supplement is as follows:
the external corner between the wall and the column is to be before plastering the wall and the column, the corner protection measure is considered, when plastering the periphery of the opening of the window and the curtain wall, the structural connecting pieces of the window and the curtain wall around the external corner are firstly installed, and plastering is carried out after cleaning the redundant impurities on the periphery, holes and grooves are reserved before plastering, the position and the installation of the box are checked, the outer opening of the groove and the box is leveled with a plastering surface or is lower than the plastering surface layer, after plastering the bottom layer, the impurities on the periphery of the hole, the box, the groove and the box are cleaned, the periphery is wetted by a water spray can, the opening, the box, the groove and the box are pressed to be smooth by using facing plastering slurry, and after plastering, the impurities on the periphery of the hole, the groove and the box are cleaned, then the slurry is pressed to be smooth, the base body connecting positions of different materials are jointed, and the reinforcing measure for preventing cracking is adopted, thereby reinforcing the base layer.
Furthermore, seasonal construction considerations are carried out after the inner wall single-layer plastering process and the outer wall multi-layer plastering process, and the seasonal construction considerations are as follows:
the construction of plastering in winter adopts heat preservation measures, the plastering layer of the construction of plastering in winter can adopt hot air or an electric heater to accelerate drying, and simultaneously measures are taken to keep the humidity of indoor air balanced;
during summer construction, the preparation quantity of plastering materials cannot be excessive, so that traceless connection of front and rear construction areas is avoided due to waste of residual materials caused by excessive drying.
Further, engineering acceptance is carried out after the inner wall single-layer plastering process and the outer wall multi-layer plastering process, and the engineering acceptance is as follows:
the general plastering and decorative plastering execution in the plastering project should have the following records:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, engineering construction drawings, design descriptions or other design files, secondly, plastering engineering construction records and thirdly, engineering acceptance records;
the plastering project is divided into the following items according to the following regulations:
dividing every 1000 square meters into one inspection batch for outdoor plastering projects with the same material, process and construction condition, and dividing into one inspection batch when the square meters are less than 1000;
every 50 natural rooms of the indoor plastering project with the same material, process and construction condition are divided into one inspection lot, less than 50 rooms are also divided into one inspection lot, and large-area rooms and corridors can be counted as 1 room per 30 square meters of plastering area;
the examination numbers meet the following specifications:
firstly, performing spot check on each indoor inspection lot by at least 10 percent, wherein the spot check is not less than 3 hours, and the total number of inspection lots is less than 3 hours;
every 100 square meters of every outdoor inspection lot should be at least spot checked, every spot must not be less than 10 square meters;
the specific content item detection and method that is convenient to operate is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) firmly bonding each plastering layer and a base layer, wherein the plastering layer is free from delamination and hollowing, the surface layer is free from dust explosion and cracks, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: close range visual inspection, flick inspection with a small hammer;
secondly, the plastering surface should be smooth and clean, the joints should be smooth and neat, the color is uniform, the dividing joints should be clear and beautiful, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: respectively observing at a far distance and a near distance, and performing hand touch inspection;
setting up of claying box strip (seam) should accord with the design requirement, and width and degree of depth should be even, and the surface should be level and smooth, and the edges and corners should be neat, inspection method: respectively observing at far distance and near distance;
fourthly, the total thickness of the plastering layer meets the design requirement, the bonding between the base layer and the surface layer is firm, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: recording construction;
the waterproof and protective agent meets the design requirements and does not influence the smooth and beautiful appearance of the claying layer, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: hand touch inspection and field spray test inspection;
sixthly, the plastering surfaces around the corner protector, the hole, the groove and the box are neat and smooth; the color is uniform, no streaking exists, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: and (6) observing.
Further, the preparation of materials is carried out before the novel environment-friendly wall surface raw soil plastering process, and the preparation of the materials is as follows:
general provisions: the soil material in the material is required to meet the relevant design regulation and the water content is not too high; determining the color system of the soil for plastering according to the design requirement; the sand for plastering is light-colored sand which is clean and has low mud content; other materials for plastering are required to meet the requirements of relevant material specifications; the mixture proportion meets the design requirement;
besides meeting the design requirements, the plastering soil for construction still meets the following regulations: the soil for plastering is characterized in that a soil sample is selected to be natural soil according to the decoration requirement, and cannot contain obvious vegetation and humus; the soil material for plastering is in a dry state, and is preferably dry powder or dry particles; the soil material for plastering is preferably selected according to the color and the percentage of clay content, and the color is light color and light yellow;
the apparent color of the plastering sand meets the design requirement, the color is uniform and light, and the plastering sand is natural sand;
if plant fibers such as straws, wheat straws and the like are adopted to meet the artistic effect, the dried plant fibers need to be rolled, softer stems and leaves are removed, only smooth stem cavities which are rolled are left, and then the materials are cut into different lengths according to the needs;
the linen required by plastering the inner wall is net linen with square holes formed by interweaving hemp filaments by warps and wefts;
the glue material for fixing the linen for plastering the inner wall is white latex;
decorate the claying and should carry out the mix proportion design before the construction, guarantee the intensity and the stability of claying during the construction, decorate the claying mix proportion and should adopt m to survey according to the year.
Further, tool preparation is carried out before the novel environment-friendly wall surface raw soil plastering process, and the tool preparation comprises the following steps:
the tool is a tool required by links including material preparation, plastering construction and finished product protection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
safety and durability: based on the optimization of physical components, the clay particles and the sand particles with rich particle size distribution form complementary filling, the retention space of air and moisture is effectively reduced, and the waterproof and anti-cracking performance of the wall surface is greatly improved.
Energy conservation and environmental protection: the raw soil and the claying are all made of natural materials such as soil sand plant fibers and the like, are not subjected to any chemical modification, have reproducibility and degradability, and can be repeatedly used after the claying is removed, and even can be returned to farmlands as fertilizers; the processing process has low energy consumption and no pollution.
Local materials are obtained: the soil material required by plastering construction is obtained from local materials (even free), and the sand and plant fiber are obtained from local materials or nearby materials. Compared with other types of wall plastering construction, the construction material cost and the energy consumption and pollution caused by material processing-transportation-construction are greatly reduced.
The operation is simple and easy: the novel raw soil plastering process is simple and easy to learn, can realize mutual assistance of neighbors or complete autonomous construction to finish plastering in self-built areas of rural houses, only needs constructors with the same magnitude as other plastering technologies when required by large public buildings, and is low in labor cost.
Is economical and applicable: the materials can be obtained locally or nearby, and the operation is simple, so that the lower labor cost is brought, and the manufacturing cost of the wall plastering is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an inner wall single-layer plastering process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the external wall multilayer plastering process according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Examples are given.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, it should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings attached to the present specification are only used for matching the disclosure of the present specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical essence, and any modifications of the structures, changes of the ratio relationships, or adjustments of the sizes, should still fall within the scope of the present disclosure without affecting the functions and the achievable objectives of the present invention. In the present specification, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" are used for clarity of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the relative positions may be changed or adjusted without substantial technical changes.
The novel environment-friendly wall surface raw soil plastering process in the embodiment is characterized in that the surface raw soil slurry is plastered by depending on the existing wall body or bamboo-wood frame, the raw soil material is used as an auxiliary sand, or mixed with plant fibers such as straws or rice hulls which are subjected to rolling and cutting treatment, the viscosity of the raw soil material is between a fluid state and a plastic state, the water content is approximately equal to 30% (the water content is the proportion of water in all materials), the thickness of the plastering mortar cake after the operation is between 5mm and 20mm, and the plastering mortar cake can be divided into 2 sub types, namely an inner wall single-layer plastering process and an outer wall multi-layer plastering process; firstly, carrying out an inner wall single-layer plastering process and then carrying out an outer wall multi-layer plastering process, or carrying out an outer wall multi-layer plastering process and then carrying out an inner wall single-layer plastering process, or carrying out the inner wall single-layer plastering process and the outer wall multi-layer plastering process synchronously.
The preparation method comprises the following steps of preparing materials before a novel environment-friendly wall surface raw soil plastering process, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
general provisions: the soil material in the material is required to meet the relevant design regulation and the water content is not too high; the color system of the plastering soil is generally determined according to the design requirement; the sand for plastering is light-colored sand which is clean and has low mud content; other materials for plastering are required to meet the requirements of relevant material specifications; the mixture proportion meets the design requirement, and the plastering additive meets the requirements of CJJ/T286 admixtures of technical Standard of construction and application of soil solidifying agent;
besides meeting the design requirements, the plastering soil for construction still meets the following regulations: the soil for plastering is characterized in that a soil sample is selected to be natural soil according to the decoration requirement, and cannot contain obvious vegetation and humus; the soil material for plastering is in a dry state, and is preferably dry powder or dry particles; the clay for plastering is selected according to the requirement on color and the percentage of clay content, the cohesiveness of the clay is more than 70 percent, and the color is preferably light color and light yellow; after being processed by soil, the claying soil has the particle size within the range of 0.074 mm-7 mm;
the apparent color of the plastering sand meets the design requirement and is uniform and light, the plastering sand is natural sand, the mud content of the plastering sand is not more than 1% according to the specification of one type of sand in GBT1468, and the particle size of the plastering sand is controlled to be 0.074 mm-8 mm;
if plant fibers such as straws, wheat straws and the like are adopted to meet the artistic effect, the dried plant fibers need to be rolled, softer stems and leaves are removed, only smooth stem cavities which are rolled are left, and then the materials are cut into different lengths of 5 mm-20 mm according to the needs;
the linen required by plastering the inner wall is net linen with square holes with length and width of 4mm, which is formed by interweaving 1mm diameter hemp filaments by warps and wefts;
the glue material for fixing the linen for plastering the inner wall is white latex, and the limit value of harmful substances of the glue material is required to meet the national standard GB 18583;
decorate the claying and should carry out the mix proportion design before the construction, guarantee the intensity and the stability of claying during the construction, decorate the claying mix proportion and should adopt m to survey according to the year.
Tool preparation is carried out before a novel environment-friendly wall surface raw soil plastering process, and the tool preparation comprises the following steps:
here, the tool generally refers to a tool required for material preparation, plastering construction, finished product protection and the like, and taking a 3-person construction group as an example, the tool required to be prepared includes: 1 is no less than to clean general type sand lime mixer, 1 is no less than to the spade, 2 are no less than to 5L ~ 10L containing bucket, 1 is no less than to the long general type plastering sword of 240mm, 1 is no less than to the meticulous plastering sword of the 0.3mm thick steel of 240mm length, 1 is no less than to the board of making level with the foraminiferous recess, 1 is no less than to pressure storage formula watering can, interior wall plastering still need prepare the scissors and is no less than 1, 1 is no less than to the wide palm brush of 50mm ~ 100 mm.
The single-layer plastering process for the inner wall comprises the following steps:
firstly, splicing and fixing an FC plate/cement pressure plate with the thickness of 5-8 mm on an inner wall by using a decorative light steel keel structure to generate a large-area vertical face suitable for a plastering area, combining the cementing characteristic condition of a plastering material, wherein the vertical angle (the included angle between a plastering face and a horizontal plane) of the vertical face is not less than 60 degrees, the fixed anchor point grids of the light steel keel and the cement pressure plate need to be controlled within 300mm, namely the horizontal distance and the vertical distance between an anchor point and an anchor point are not more than 300mm, and the fixed FC plate/cement pressure plate can not generate the loosening sign under the condition of forced pressing;
secondly, uniformly coating white glue for fixing the linen on the surface of the FC plate/cement pressure plate, covering the unfolded linen on the white glue within 15 minutes after coating, and flattening the linen forcibly, wherein the linen is required to completely cover the abutted seam of the FC plate/cement pressure plate;
thirdly, adding water into soil and sand which are sieved by 4mm (determined according to the actual aperture of the linen) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, uniformly stirring to enable the mixture to reach a fluid state, uniformly coating the mixture on the surface of the linen by using a wide brush, and forming a covering layer with the thickness of about 1mm-4mm after the coating is finished, wherein the step needs to be carried out after the white glue is dried;
fourthly, preparing a material for plastering mud (hereinafter referred to as mud), mixing 7mm sieved soil and sand according to the volume ratio of 1:3, uniformly stirring in a dry state, and sequentially adding water for stirring until the water content of the stirred material reaches about 25-30%, wherein the water content is between a fluid state and a plastic state, the quick detection method can shovel a part of the stirred mud at the root by using a shovel, and lift the part to a position which is about 1m away from the top end of a material pile in the air, so that the shoveled mud falls naturally, the mud falling into the material pile should sink into the material pile perfectly without generating obvious bulge or depression, and at the moment, the stirred material is determined to contain moderate water, and the material can be covered with a film for maintenance for standby use; after the coating layer is dried and the mud material preparation coating film is maintained for more than or equal to 6 hours, plastering construction can be carried out;
fifthly, slightly wetting the wall surface coating layer to a wet state by using a water spraying kettle, wherein water is required to permeate into the wall surface by about 2-5 mm, and the water is preferably prevented from naturally flowing down;
sixthly, pressing the pug on the wetted smearing layer at a constant speed by a claying plate according to the sequence of top to bottom, wherein the pressing speed is generally controlled to be 0.2m/s, and the excessive speed easily causes air pocket delamination of the pug layer to generate empty drum;
the seventh step, after pressing the claying and producing the certain area, need press to drag with foraminiferous claying board before the plasticity on claying layer becomes low and make level, can express as according to the efficiency of construction of design: when a worker A finishes pressing a plastering operation to form a square meter of 3-4, the worker B performs leveling operation on an area where the first operation is finished, the hand-held leveling plastering plate is moderate in weight during leveling operation, the larger the area is, the more leveling is facilitated, the circle is drawn when the leveling action is pressing, 2/3 of the area of the plastering plate is not less than in each circle of overlapping area, when the connection of an upper new area and a lower new area or a left old area and a right old area is involved, the circle is drawn by pressing, the completed old area is used as a reference and can cover the old area, and the thickness difference between the new area and the old area can be effectively avoided. The connection of the new and old areas is constructed before the plasticity of the old areas is obviously reduced so as to avoid generating splicing traces;
and eighthly, performing calendaring treatment by using a steel fine plastering knife with the length of 240mm and the thickness of 0.3mm immediately after the plastering leveling operation is finished, wherein the calendaring operation is that the areas of the left action and the right action are overlapped by more than 1/3 from top to bottom.
The multilayer plastering process for the outer wall comprises the following steps:
compared with inner wall plastering, outer wall plastering needs to face more attacks of natural factors and is easier to be damaged, so that 2 or more layers of plastering are needed to better resist sunshine, wind and rain impact. The external wall plastering operation step is partially overlapped with the internal wall plastering step, and can be simply combed into: wetting, plastering, leveling and calendering (only the surface layer of the outer wall is needed in the calendering step).
Firstly, the preparation work before the first layer of formal plastering is the same as that of inner wall plastering, and referring to the above, the first layer of plastering is used as a carrier of surface layer plastering and needs to be leveled as much as possible so that the surface layer plastering can reach higher flatness in a limited thickness range, the first layer of plastering should use a material with particle size slightly larger than that of the surface layer plastering but not exceed the design construction thickness of the first layer of plastering, namely the maximum particle size is less than or equal to the plastering thickness of the layer, meanwhile, the volume ratio of screened soil to screened sand is reduced to 1:2 so as to generate slight cracks and pores on the surface layer for the surface layer plastering to grasp and anchor, the stirring mode and the water content are the same as the preparation mode of the inner wall plastering, the first layer of plastering is only used as the carrier of the surface layer plastering, therefore, the finish of the dried surface is not treated, and the first layer of plastering only needs to be pressed by using a plastering plate with holes, the fine plastering knife is not used for calendaring;
the second step, the first layer claying is the complete dry back, can carry out second floor or top layer claying construction steps (drench-claying-make level), develop the one deck construction under the condition that the first layer claying is not dry and will lead to the first layer to conduct the slight crack that will produce to the top layer in follow-up shrink in-process, if the second layer claying is not as the top layer claying, then the construction of second layer claying is except that the material level ratio exception is the same with the first layer claying, the material maximum particle diameter of two layers of claying should reduce to some extent than the maximum particle diameter size of first layer claying, and claying thickness should be less than first layer claying thickness, the volume ratio of sieving soil and sieving sand should adjust to 1: (2 + N), N = 0.1-1;
and thirdly, plastering the surface layer, wherein the operation steps are the same as the above, but the surface calendering treatment is needed, and the calendering treatment is similar to plastering the inner wall.
Carrying out grading adjustment after the inner wall single-layer plastering process and the outer wall multi-layer plastering process, wherein the grading adjustment is as follows:
because the liquid limit, the plastic limit, the tensile strength and the like of different types of clay materials in different regions are different, and the surface textures required to be achieved according to the construction design requirements are also different, the volume ratios of the screened soil and the screened sand and other admixture aggregates in the above-described construction operation steps cannot be directly applied in accordance with numbers, and a plurality of grading schemes should be carried out under the condition that the conditions allow, professional laboratories should be searched if necessary, under the condition that the volume of the used screened soil is not changed by 1, the using amount of the aggregate can be changed according to a modulus of 0.2, for example, the reference of the recommended volume ratio of the inner wall plastering is 1:3, five gradations of 1:2.6/1:2.8/1:3/1:3.2/1:3.4 can be tested respectively, and the minimum ratio required for no crack occurrence is found as the final gradation scheme.
Finally, the composition of the surface layer trowel can be roughly expressed as: the proportion of particles in the 7mm-5mm region is about 10%, the proportion of particles in the 5mm-2mm region is about 12%, the proportion of particles in the 2mm-1mm region is about 8%, the proportion of particles in the 1mm-0.5mm region is about 25%, the proportion of particles in the 0.5mm-0.25mm region is about 25%, the proportion of particles in the 0.25mm-0.074mm region is about 4%, and the proportion of particles in the 0.074mm-0.01mm region is about 18%.
And local plastering detail supplement is carried out after the inner wall single-layer plastering process and the outer wall multi-layer plastering process, wherein the local plastering detail supplement is as follows:
the external corner between wall and column is to be before plastering on wall and column, should consider the corner protection measure, starting from the ground, the corner protection height can not be less than 1m, the width of each side is 50mm, when plastering on the periphery of opening such as window, curtain wall, etc., the peripheral structural connecting piece which is needed to be made of the window, curtain wall, etc. should be installed completely, and plastering is carried out after cleaning the peripheral redundant impurities, the position and installation of the reserved hole, groove and box should be checked before plastering, the outer opening of the groove and box should be flush with the plastering surface or slightly lower than the plastering surface layer, after plastering bottom layer plastering, the peripheral impurities of the hole, box, groove and box should be cleaned, the periphery is moistened by a water spray kettle, and the periphery of the opening, box, groove and box is plastered flatly and smoothly by special plastering mud, then plastering on the surface layer, after plastering mud, the peripheral impurities of the hole, groove and box should be cleaned, and the plastering mud is flatly plastered and smooth, and the base body of different materials is handed over, the reinforcing measures for preventing cracking should be taken to reinforce the base layer, and when reinforcing nets are used, the laying width of each side should not be less than 100 mm.
Seasonal construction considerations are carried out after the inner wall single-layer plastering process and the outer wall multi-layer plastering process, and the seasonal construction considerations are as follows:
the construction of plastering in winter should refer to the relevant regulations of plastering engineering in JGJ 104 of the existing industry standard 'construction procedure of winter period of building engineering', and should adopt heat preservation measures, the environmental temperature can not be lower than 5 ℃ when plastering, the indoor plastering construction plastering layer can adopt hot air or electric heater to accelerate drying in winter, and take measures to keep the indoor air humidity balance;
during construction in summer, the plastering materials should be paid attention to the fact that the preparation quantity cannot be too much so as to avoid waste of residual materials caused by over-quick drying, the construction time of the same construction area block should be well controlled during plastering, and traceless connection of front and rear construction areas is well made.
And carrying out engineering acceptance after the single-layer plastering process of the inner wall and the multi-layer plastering process of the outer wall, wherein the engineering acceptance is as follows:
the inspection and acceptance of plastering project should refer to the general plastering and decorative plastering execution in the 'inspection and acceptance Specification for quality of architectural decoration and finishing project' GB550210 and should have the following records:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, engineering construction drawings, design descriptions or other design files, secondly, plastering engineering construction records and thirdly, engineering acceptance records;
each sub-quality acceptance inspection lot of the plastering project is divided according to the following regulations according to the 'inspection and acceptance Specification for quality of architectural decoration and finishing project' GB 550210:
dividing every 1000 square meters into one inspection batch for outdoor plastering projects with the same material, process and construction condition, and dividing into one inspection batch when the square meters are less than 1000;
every 50 natural rooms of the indoor plastering project with the same material, process and construction condition are divided into one inspection lot, less than 50 rooms are also divided into one inspection lot, and large-area rooms and corridors can be counted as 1 room per 30 square meters of plastering area;
the inspection quantity is in accordance with the following regulations according to the 'inspection and acceptance Specification for quality of architectural decoration and finishing engineering' GB 550210:
firstly, performing spot check on each indoor inspection lot by at least 10 percent, wherein the spot check is not less than 3 hours, and the total number of inspection lots is less than 3 hours;
every 100 square meters of every outdoor inspection lot should be at least spot checked, every spot must not be less than 10 square meters;
the specific content item detection and method that is convenient to operate is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) firmly bonding each plastering layer and a base layer, wherein the plastering layer is free from delamination and hollowing, the surface layer is free from dust explosion and cracks, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: close range visual inspection, flick inspection with a small hammer;
secondly, the plastering surface should be smooth and clean, the joints should be smooth and neat, the color is uniform, the dividing joints should be clear and beautiful, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: respectively observing at a far distance and a near distance, and performing hand touch inspection;
setting up of claying box strip (seam) should accord with the design requirement, and width and degree of depth should be even, and the surface should be level and smooth, and the edges and corners should be neat, inspection method: respectively observing at far distance and near distance;
fourthly, the total thickness of the plastering layer meets the design requirement, the bonding between the base layer and the surface layer is firm, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: recording construction;
the waterproof and protective agent meets the design requirements and does not influence the smooth and beautiful appearance of the claying layer, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: hand touch inspection and field spray test inspection;
sixthly, the plastering surfaces around the corner protector, the hole, the groove and the box are neat and smooth; the color is uniform, no streaking exists, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: and (6) observing.
The allowable deviation and the inspection method of the plastering project quality are in accordance with the regulations of Table 6.3.6 according to the 'acceptance Standard for the quality of the architectural decoration and finishing project' GB 550210.
This novel wall raw soil plastering technology of environmental protection carries out the microfabrication to the plastering raw and other materials and after the granule sieve the gradation, the plastering finished product after its construction is all stronger than traditional raw soil plastering technique (excluding the technique of using lime) in the aspect of dry density, tensile strength etc to because it is reasonable to keep away water measure design, construction, more resistant rainwash, the comprehensive description, its durability under natural condition has the essence to promote than traditional raw soil plastering technique.
Through continuous observation of the plastering on the outer wall of the villager activity center in the Wen village in the Fuyang region in Hangzhou city in Zhejiang, which is a building constructed by using the novel environment-friendly wall surface raw soil plastering process, the finished wall surface plastering product is subjected to the attack of heavy wind and rain in mountainous areas for several times every year in the period of 6 years until 3 months in 2015, and is still intact as before.
Energy consumption (energy consumption) and carbon emission that building material leads to because of processing and transportation are the key factor that influences ecological benefits in the whole life cycle of building, according to the on-the-spot statistics and calculating of construction stage, the construction that uses novel environment-friendly wall immature soil plastering technology only has the condition of using the electric power energy in the dry soil crushing stage of material preparation, calculate according to the efficiency that 8 hours of work of a 15KW power rubbing crusher work a day and make approximately equals 12m year after year, turn up approximately equals 1 degree electricity for every m year after year crushing soil use, carbon emission in follow-up construction and maintenance stage is almost negligible, have extremely superior ecological cost performance.
According to the calculation of the currently finished construction works, about 30 percent of the building materials required by the novel environment-friendly wall plastering are obtained in situ, the construction is simple and easy to learn, and only 3-4 common workers are needed to complete one operation group, so the construction cost is substantially equivalent to that of the traditional raw soil plastering process.
Local materials are obtained: 30% of building materials required by building construction are obtained on site (even free), such as soil, sand, straws, wheat straws and the like, only a small amount of construction tools and the like need to be purchased in the market, and compared with other wall plastering processes, the building material cost and the energy consumption and pollution caused by material processing, transportation and construction are greatly reduced.
The invention is suitable for the elevation reconstruction and updating of building houses, the protection and repair of public buildings and residences, and the decoration construction of indoor spaces and outer walls of newly built buildings.
In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may be different in the components, the shapes of the components, the names of the components, and the like, and the above description is only an illustration of the structure of the present invention. Equivalent or simple changes in the structure, characteristics and principles of the invention are included in the protection scope of the patent. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (10)
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| EP2650269A2 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-16 | Cematerre | Soil-based protective coating |
| CN105040924A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-11-11 | 郑州大学 | Plastering anti-hollowing anti-peeling structure of earth-sheltered dwelling and construction process thereof |
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Application publication date: 20211207 |