CN113751475A - Solid waste treatment process - Google Patents
Solid waste treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113751475A CN113751475A CN202111159929.5A CN202111159929A CN113751475A CN 113751475 A CN113751475 A CN 113751475A CN 202111159929 A CN202111159929 A CN 202111159929A CN 113751475 A CN113751475 A CN 113751475A
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- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002306 biochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
- C04B7/43—Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
- C04B7/44—Burning; Melting
- C04B7/4407—Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor, e.g. use of hazardous waste as secondary fuel ; Use of particular energy sources, e.g. waste hot gases from other processes
- C04B7/4423—Waste or refuse used as fuel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solid waste treatment process, which comprises the following steps: step one, conveying solid waste into a mixing feeding chamber (4); step two, mixing and preheating the solid waste in the mixing feeding chamber (4) through high-temperature tertiary air; thirdly, conveying the solid waste in the mixed feeding chamber (4) into a rotary furnace (3) for incineration, and conveying the solid waste through the rotation of the rotary furnace (3); and fourthly, the flue gas and the residues formed after the solid wastes are incinerated in the rotary kiln (3) enter the decomposing furnace (1) for further incineration and decomposition, the formed ash and slag enter the cement rotary kiln (6), the formed flue gas is cooled by the preheater system and then enters the kiln tail waste gas treatment system, and the flue gas is purified and then discharged into the atmosphere. The invention has the advantages of maintaining the good running state of the solid waste treatment system and improving the production efficiency of treating the solid waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cement kiln cooperative treatment, in particular to a solid waste treatment process.
Background
Solid waste treatment, which is called solid waste treatment in full, generally refers to a process of converting solid waste into a material suitable for transportation, storage, utilization or disposal by physical, chemical, biological, physical and biochemical methods, wherein the solid waste treatment aims at harmlessness, reduction and recycling, and at present, a rotary furnace is added into a solid waste treatment system, is an inclined rotary combustion device for efficiently disposing solid waste, and mainly aims at performing harmless disposal of various solid wastes under the condition of introducing high-temperature tertiary air of a cement kiln system to generate a high-temperature environment so as to realize recycling; before the rotary kiln is not added, the process applied in the system is simpler, and the safe, stable and efficient operation of the system cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a solid waste treatment process, so that theoretical guidance can be provided for operators.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a solid waste treatment process comprises the following steps:
step one, conveying solid waste into a mixing feeding chamber;
step two, mixing and preheating solid waste in the mixing feeding chamber through high-temperature tertiary air;
thirdly, conveying the solid waste in the mixed feeding chamber into a rotary furnace for incineration, and conveying the solid waste through the rotation of the rotary furnace;
and step four, enabling smoke and residues formed after the solid wastes are incinerated in a rotary kiln to enter a decomposing furnace for further incineration and decomposition, enabling formed ash residues to enter a cement rotary kiln, cooling the formed smoke through a preheater system, enabling the cooled smoke to enter a kiln tail waste gas treatment system, and discharging the purified smoke into the atmosphere.
And (3) feeding the solid waste in the step one into a mixing feeding chamber through a waste feeding port and a pneumatic box plate valve.
The high-temperature tertiary air in the step two enters the mixing feeding chamber through the tertiary air main pipe and the tertiary air branch pipe.
The rotary furnace is obliquely arranged between the tertiary air main pipe and the decomposing furnace, and a fireproof heat-insulating material is built inside the rotary furnace to meet the working temperature of 900-1600 ℃.
The rotary furnace is driven by a driving device, the residence time of solid wastes in the rotary furnace is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the rotary furnace, the solid wastes roll in the rotary furnace to move towards an outlet end, and the solid wastes are subjected to high-temperature tertiary air during the movement process to be rapidly dried and dehydrated, ignited and burnt to form combustion residues.
The solid waste is calcined into cement clinker at a high temperature of more than 1500 ℃, gas generated by incineration is thoroughly decomposed in a decomposing furnace, and then the gas is purified by a kiln tail purification system and discharged into the atmosphere.
The method also comprises the operation steps of starting and stopping the machine:
step one, an ignition furnace drying program: confirming that the maintenance of the solid waste treatment system is finished, ensuring that no personnel or tools are retained in the system, and confirming whether a pneumatic box plate valve and an access door are closed; when the refractory brick in the first operation or rotary furnace is replaced by a large amount, the system is ignited, and meanwhile, a frame is built at the position of the mixing feeding chamber to bake refractory materials by using firewood; the operation is not carried out for the first time or the refractory material is not replaced, and the operation is carried out according to a normal temperature-rising program; in the temperature rising process of the rotary furnace, the rotary furnace is driven at intervals, when the temperature of the outlet of the rotary furnace reaches 600 ℃, the cooling fans at two ends of the rotary furnace are started, and the rotary furnace is controlled to continuously rotate at a low speed by a driving device;
step two, solid waste throwing program: after the rotary cement kiln is fed, after the production operation is stable, when the temperature of tertiary air is more than or equal to 750 ℃, the solid waste can be treated; when feeding solid wastes, increasing the air draft of a high-temperature fan, starting a pneumatic box plate valve, opening a solid waste feed, gradually increasing the solid waste feed amount, paying attention to the current of a rotary furnace driving motor, the outlet temperature, the CO concentration at the outlet of a preheater and the change of the working condition in the kiln in the process, controlling the material filling rate and the material residence time in the kiln by adjusting the rotary furnace rotating speed, adjusting the quantity of fuel sprayed by a raw material and a afterburning device entering the rotary furnace, and further controlling the incineration temperature of the rotary furnace;
step three, a shutdown procedure: when the solid waste treatment system needs to be shut down, the solid waste feeding is stopped, the pneumatic gate valve is closed, the conveying of raw materials and fuel into the rotary furnace is stopped, the rotary furnace is kept running at a low speed after the solid waste is confirmed to be completely decomposed in the decomposing furnace, the cooling is carried out with the solid waste treatment system, the rotary furnace is driven at intervals in the cooling process, and the rotary furnace is stopped after the solid waste treatment system is cooled to the normal temperature.
The residence time of the solid wastes in the rotary furnace is controlled to be 10-60 min; the temperature of the high-temperature tertiary air is controlled to be 850-1000 ℃.
The method also comprises the following interlocking protection process steps:
step one, when the current of a driving motor in a driving device reaches 80% of rated current, stopping solid waste feeding and closing a pneumatic box plate valve, and when the duration time of the excess rated current reaches 30S, enabling a solid waste treatment system to jump and stop;
step two, when the solid waste treatment system is stopped, the afterburning device in the rotary furnace stops afterburning, and the proportion of raw materials entering the rotary furnace is 0 percent;
step three, keeping the temperature of the high-temperature tertiary air entering the mixing feeding chamber at 750 ℃ or less for 60s, stopping solid waste feeding and closing the pneumatic box plate valve;
fourthly, when the temperature in the mixed feeding chamber is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, the afterburning device in the rotary furnace stops afterburning, and when the temperature in the mixed feeding chamber is more than or equal to 1200 ℃, the solid waste feeding is stopped and the pneumatic box plate valve is closed;
step five, stopping solid waste feeding and closing the pneumatic box plate valve when the negative pressure of the mixing feeding chamber is less than or equal to-50 pa;
sixthly, stopping afterburning by an afterburning device in the rotary furnace when the outlet temperature of the rotary furnace is more than or equal to 1150 ℃, and increasing the raw material feeding amount of the rotary furnace; when the outlet temperature of the rotary furnace is more than or equal to 1250 ℃, stopping solid waste feeding and closing the pneumatic box plate valve;
seventhly, when the leap displacement of the rotary furnace reaches the limit, the solid waste treatment system can be jumped off;
and step eight, stopping solid waste feeding and closing the pneumatic box plate valve when the high-temperature fan at the inlet of the tertiary air main pipe is stopped.
The method also comprises the following steps of:
step one, when the rotary furnace jumps and stops: after the rotary furnace is stopped, confirming whether the solid waste feed, raw material feeding and fuel quantity of the rotary furnace are interlocked to stop conveying or not, and whether the pneumatic gate valve is interlocked to close or not; the continuous slow rotation of the rotary furnace is maintained through a driving device; finding out the reason of the jump stop of the rotary furnace; according to the reason of causing the jump stop, contacting an operator at a site post for checking, and starting up after removing the fault;
step two, when solid waste feeding is interrupted: immediately stopping feeding of the rotary furnace fuel, and stopping the amount of the raw materials entering the rotary furnace; reducing the rotating speed of the rotary furnace; the air pulling of the high-temperature fan is reduced, and the coal feeding amount of the decomposing furnace is increased;
step three, tripping the solid waste treatment system or tripping the high-temperature fan: feeding the rotary kiln, stopping raw material feeding interlocking, and closing a pneumatic gate valve interlocking; an operator reduces the rotating speed of the rotary furnace, contacts a patrol inspector to confirm whether the pneumatic box plate valve is closed in place or not, and hot smoke escapes from the solid waste feeding port; if the temperature of the outlet of the rotary furnace rises due to the continuous combustion of the solid wastes in the rotary furnace, the raw materials can be fed into the rotary furnace for cooling;
step four, power failure of the plant area: an operator should contact an inspection worker to confirm whether the pneumatic box plate valve is closed in place or not, and no hot smoke escapes from the solid waste feeding port; if the power supply can not be recovered immediately, the diesel generator is started to provide a security power supply, the rotary furnace driving device is started, and the cooling fan is started to cool down, so that the rotary furnace barrel is prevented from being deformed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the solid waste treatment process provided by the invention can ensure the safe operation of a solid waste carding system with a rotary furnace during production and ensure the safety of system equipment through the arranged interlocking protection process;
2. the process flow of the solid waste treatment process, the start-stop operation process flow and the main parameters of the system can be used as start-stop operation instruction and normal operation control instruction of an operator for the solid waste treatment system, so that the good operation state of the solid waste treatment system can be maintained, and the production efficiency of treating the solid waste is improved;
3. the method for judging and processing the abnormal working conditions can be used for quickly and efficiently processing the abnormal working conditions of the solid waste processing system by operators.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of a solid waste treatment system utilizing the present process;
fig. 3 is a side view of a solid waste treatment system.
In the figure, 1-a decomposing furnace, 2-a tertiary air main pipe, 3-a rotary furnace, 4-a mixed feeding chamber, 41-a solid waste feeding port, 5-a tertiary air branch pipe, 51-a raw material feeding port, 6-a cement rotary kiln, 7-a pneumatic box plate valve, 8-a tertiary air branch pipe box plate valve, 9-a afterburning pipe, 10-a driving device and A-a multi-stage cyclone preheater cylinders.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A solid waste treatment process is applied to a solid waste treatment system, as shown in figure 1, the front end of the solid waste treatment system is also provided with a cyclone preheater system, and the cyclone preheater system is formed by two rows of multi-stage cyclone preheater cylinders A; as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the solid waste treatment system includes a decomposing furnace 1 and a tertiary air main pipe 2; a rotary furnace 3 which is obliquely arranged is communicated between the decomposing furnace 1 and the tertiary air main pipe 2, one end of the rotary furnace 3 is also communicated with a mixed feeding chamber 4, the mixed feeding chamber 4 is communicated with the tertiary air main pipe 2 through a tertiary air branch pipe 5, a raw material feeding port 51 is further arranged on the tertiary air branch pipe 5, the output end of the decomposing furnace 1 is connected with a cement rotary kiln 6, and a driving device 10 for driving the rotary furnace 3 to rotate is arranged at the lower side of the rotary furnace 3; the inlet end of the tertiary air main pipe 2 is provided with a high-temperature fan, the two ends of the rotary furnace 3 are provided with cooling fans, and the tertiary air main pipe 2 and the tertiary air branch pipes 5 are also provided with air valves.
The cyclone preheater system is not described in detail herein by adopting the prior art, and the cyclone preheater system is used in combination with a solid waste treatment system to heat, exchange heat, separate and calcine materials.
The mixing feeding chamber 4 is provided with a solid waste feeding port 41, and the solid waste feeding port 41 is provided with a pneumatic box plate valve 7. The pneumatic box plate valve 7 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the solid waste feeding port 41, the pneumatic box plate valve 7 adopts the prior art, and the structure is not described in detail. The rotary furnace is characterized in that sealing structures are arranged at two ends of the rotary furnace 3, the sealing structures are respectively positioned between the decomposing furnace 1 and the rotary furnace 3 and between the rotary furnace 3 and the mixed feeding chamber 4, and the sealing structures are used for sealing the joints among the decomposing furnace 1, the rotary furnace 3 and the mixed feeding chamber 4, so that the sealing effect of the rotary furnace is better, the sealing structures adopt the existing sealing structures, and the structure is not repeated herein.
And a tertiary air branch pipe box plate valve 8 is also arranged on the tertiary air branch pipe 5. And the tertiary air branch pipe box plate valve 8 is used for controlling the communication state in the tertiary air branch pipe 5.
The driving device 10 comprises a rotary furnace cylinder, a plurality of riding wheel devices and a driving device 10, wherein the rotary furnace cylinder is of a hollow cylinder structure; the rotary furnace cylinder is obliquely arranged on a plurality of riding wheel devices, and each riding wheel device is suspended and obliquely arranged and fixed on the base; each riding wheel device comprises a driving riding wheel, a driving riding wheel seat, a driven riding wheel and a driven riding wheel seat; each driving riding wheel is fixedly arranged on a driving riding wheel seat; each driven riding wheel is fixedly arranged on a driven riding wheel seat; each driving riding wheel and each driving riding wheel seat are arranged on the same side of the rotary furnace cylinder body, and each driven riding wheel seat are arranged on the other side of the rotary furnace cylinder body; one end of each driving riding wheel extends out of the driving riding wheel seat and is connected with a driving device 10; the centers of the rotary furnace cylinder, the driving riding wheel and the driven riding wheel are isosceles triangles.
The driving device 10 is a driving motor; a pulley belt is arranged on the outer wall of the rotary furnace cylinder body, and a pulley belt cushion plate is arranged between the rotary furnace cylinder body and the pulley belt; the center of the rotary furnace cylinder, the center of the driving riding wheel and the center of the driven riding wheel form an isosceles triangle; the bottom of the rotary furnace cylinder body is also provided with a hydraulic catch wheel.
The rotary furnace 3 can ensure the stability and effectiveness of the support and transmission when rotating by being suspended and obliquely arranged on the base through a plurality of riding wheel devices; the isosceles triangle formed by the rotary furnace 3, the center of the driving riding wheel and the center of the driven riding wheel can ensure the uniform stress of the whole rotary furnace.
The afterburning device comprises an afterburning pipe 9, and a powdery solid waste feeding port and a pulverized coal feeding port are arranged at the feeding position of the afterburning pipe 9.
The powdery solid waste feeding hole and the pulverized coal feeding hole are respectively communicated with a solid waste storage workshop and a pulverized coal preparation workshop through pipelines; the afterburning device can be used for treating solid waste in combustible powdery industry, and has the function of afterburning by using fire coal when the moisture of the garbage is higher in synergistic treatment.
Part of control parameters of the solid waste treatment system are set as follows:
the current of the driving motor is controlled to be 30-50% of the rated current;
the rotating speed of the rotary furnace 3 is controlled to be 2-3 r/mim;
the shell temperature of the rotary kiln 3 is controlled to be 200-250 ℃;
the temperature in the mixing feeding chamber 4 is controlled to be 900-1050 ℃;
the outlet temperature of the rotary kiln 3 is controlled to be 1000-1100 ℃;
the pressure in the mixing feeding chamber 4 is controlled to be-500 to-800 Pa;
the opening degree of the air valve is controlled to be 40-60%.
The first embodiment discloses a solid waste treatment process, which comprises the following steps:
step one, conveying solid waste into a mixing feeding chamber 4; the solid waste is conveyed through a conveying channel or a conveying device or manually.
Secondly, mixing and preheating the solid waste in the mixing feeding chamber 4 through high-temperature tertiary air;
thirdly, conveying the solid waste in the mixed feeding chamber 4 into a rotary furnace 3 for incineration, and conveying the solid waste through the rotation of the rotary furnace 3;
and step four, burning the solid waste in a rotary kiln 3 to form smoke and residues, feeding the smoke and the residues into a decomposing furnace 1 for further burning and decomposing, feeding the formed ash and slag into a cement rotary kiln 6, cooling the formed smoke through a preheater system, feeding the cooled smoke into a kiln tail waste gas treatment system, and purifying and discharging the smoke into the atmosphere.
And the solid waste in the step one enters the mixing and feeding chamber 4 through the waste feeding port 41 and the pneumatic box plate valve 7.
The high-temperature tertiary air in the step two enters the mixing feeding chamber 4 through the tertiary air main pipe 2 and the tertiary air branch pipe 5.
The rotary furnace 3 is obliquely arranged between the tertiary air main pipe 2 and the decomposing furnace 1, and a fireproof heat-insulating material is built inside the rotary furnace 3 to meet the working temperature of 900-1600 ℃.
The rotary furnace 3 is driven by a driving device 10, the residence time of the solid wastes in the rotary furnace 3 is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the rotary furnace 3, the solid wastes roll in the rotary furnace 3 to move towards the outlet end, and the solid wastes are subjected to high-temperature tertiary air in the moving process to be rapidly dried and dehydrated, ignited and burnt to form combustion residues.
The solid waste is calcined into cement clinker at the high temperature of more than 1500 ℃, gas generated by incineration is thoroughly decomposed in the decomposing furnace 1, and then the gas is purified by a kiln tail purification system and discharged into the atmosphere.
The second embodiment, based on the technology of the first embodiment, further comprises the following operation steps of establishing the start-up and shutdown of the solid waste treatment system:
step one, an ignition furnace drying program: confirming that the maintenance of the solid waste treatment system is finished, ensuring that no personnel or tools are left in the system, and confirming whether the pneumatic box plate valve 7 and the access door are closed; when the refractory bricks in the rotary furnace 3 are replaced in a large amount in the first operation or the first rotary furnace, the system is ignited, and meanwhile, a frame is built at the position of the mixing feeding chamber 4 to bake refractory materials by using firewood, and the baking time is carried out according to the use requirements of the refractory materials; the operation is not carried out for the first time or the refractory material is not replaced, and the operation is carried out according to a normal temperature-rising program; in the temperature rising process of the rotary kiln 3, the rotary kiln 6 is subjected to interval movement according to the temperature rising requirements of the rotary kiln, when the temperature of the outlet of the rotary kiln 3 reaches 600 ℃, cooling fans at two ends of the rotary kiln 3 are started, and the rotary kiln 3 is controlled to continuously rotate at a low speed through a driving device 10.
Step two, solid waste throwing program: after the rotary cement kiln 6 is fed, after the production operation is stable, when the temperature of tertiary air is more than or equal to 750 ℃, the solid waste can be treated; when feeding solid wastes, increasing the air draft of a high-temperature fan, starting a pneumatic box plate valve 7, opening a solid waste feed, gradually increasing the solid waste feed amount, paying attention to the current of a driving motor of the rotary furnace 3, the outlet temperature, the CO concentration at the outlet of the preheater and the change of the working condition in the kiln in the process, controlling the material filling rate and the material residence time in the furnace by adjusting the rotating speed of the rotary furnace 3, adjusting the quantity of fuel sprayed by a raw material and a afterburning device entering the rotary furnace, and further controlling the burning temperature of the rotary furnace;
step three, a shutdown procedure: when the solid waste treatment system needs to be shut down, the solid waste feeding is stopped, the pneumatic gate valve 7 is closed, the conveying of raw materials and fuel into the rotary kiln 3 is stopped, the rotary kiln 3 is kept running at a low speed after the solid waste is confirmed to be completely decomposed in the decomposing furnace 1, the cooling is carried out synchronously with the solid waste treatment system, the rotary kiln 6 is driven at intervals according to the requirements of a cement rotary kiln 6 on a rotary kiln when the kiln is cooled, and the rotary kiln 3 is stopped being driven after the solid waste treatment system is cooled to normal temperature.
The residence time of the solid wastes in the rotary kiln 3 is controlled to be 10-60 min; the temperature of the high-temperature tertiary air is controlled to be 850-1000 ℃; and a rotary sealing structure and a cooling fan are arranged at two ends of the rotary kiln 3.
The third embodiment is based on the second embodiment, and the method further comprises the following interlocking protection process steps:
step one, when the current of a driving motor in a driving device 10 reaches 80% of rated current, stopping solid waste feeding and closing a pneumatic box plate valve 7, and when the duration time of the excess rated current reaches 30S, enabling a solid waste treatment system to jump and stop;
step two, when the solid waste treatment system is stopped, the afterburning device in the rotary furnace 3 stops afterburning, and the proportion of raw materials entering the rotary furnace 3 is 0 percent;
step three, keeping the temperature of the high-temperature tertiary air entering the mixing feeding chamber 4 at 750 ℃ or less for 60s, stopping feeding solid waste and closing the pneumatic box plate valve 7;
fourthly, stopping afterburning of the afterburning device in the rotary furnace 3 when the temperature in the mixing feeding chamber 4 is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, and stopping solid waste feeding and closing the pneumatic box plate valve 7 when the temperature in the mixing chamber is more than or equal to 1200 ℃;
step five, stopping solid waste feeding and closing the pneumatic box plate valve 7 when the negative pressure of the mixing feeding chamber 4 is less than or equal to-50 pa;
sixthly, stopping afterburning by an afterburning device in the rotary furnace 3 when the outlet temperature of the rotary furnace 3 is more than or equal to 1150 ℃, and increasing the raw material feeding amount of the rotary furnace 2; when the outlet temperature of the rotary furnace 3 is more than or equal to 1250 ℃, stopping solid waste feeding and closing the pneumatic box plate valve 7;
seventhly, when the play displacement of the rotary furnace 3 reaches the limit, the solid waste treatment system can be stopped; the moving displacement of the rotary furnace 3 is monitored by a limit switch.
And step eight, stopping solid waste feeding and closing the pneumatic box plate valve 7 when the high-temperature fan at the inlet of the tertiary air main pipe 2 is stopped.
The fourth embodiment further includes an abnormal working condition judgment processing step based on the third embodiment:
step one, when the rotary furnace 3 jumps and stops: after the rotary furnace 3 is stopped, whether the solid waste feed, raw material feeding and fuel quantity of the rotary furnace 3 are interlocked and stopped to be conveyed or not and whether the pneumatic gate valve 7 is interlocked and closed or not are determined; the rotary furnace 3 is maintained to continuously rotate slowly by the driving device 10; searching the reason for the jump stop of the rotary furnace 3, such as whether the signal of the interlock protection process related to the reason is triggered; according to the reason of causing the jump stop, contacting an operator at a site post for checking, and starting up after removing the fault;
step two, when solid waste feeding is interrupted: immediately stopping feeding of the fuel of the rotary furnace 1 and stopping the raw material amount entering the rotary furnace 3; reducing the rotating speed of the rotary furnace 3; the air draft of the high-temperature fan is reduced, and the coal feeding amount of the decomposing furnace 1 is increased;
step three, tripping the solid waste treatment system or tripping the high-temperature fan: feeding the rotary kiln 3, stopping raw material feeding interlocking, and closing the pneumatic gate valve 7 in interlocking; an operator reduces the rotating speed of the rotary furnace 3 to be below 1r/min, contacts a polling person to confirm whether the pneumatic box plate valve 7 is closed in place or not, and the heatless smoke escapes from the solid waste feeding port; if the temperature at the outlet of the rotary furnace 3 rises due to the continuous combustion of the solid wastes in the rotary furnace 3, the raw materials can be fed into the rotary furnace 3 for cooling;
step four, power failure of the plant area: the operator should contact the inspection personnel to confirm whether the pneumatic box plate valve 7 is closed in place or not, and no hot flue gas flows out of the solid waste feeding port; if the power supply can not be recovered immediately, the diesel generator is started to provide a security power supply, the rotary furnace 3 driving device 10 is started, and the cooling fan is started to cool down, so that the barrel body of the rotary furnace 3 is prevented from being deformed.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The solid waste treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, conveying solid waste into a mixing feeding chamber (4);
step two, mixing and preheating the solid waste in the mixing feeding chamber (4) through high-temperature tertiary air;
thirdly, conveying the solid waste in the mixed feeding chamber (4) into a rotary furnace (3) for incineration, and conveying the solid waste through the rotation of the rotary furnace (3);
and fourthly, the flue gas and the residues formed after the solid wastes are incinerated in the rotary kiln (3) enter the decomposing furnace (1) for further incineration and decomposition, the formed ash and slag enter the cement rotary kiln (6), the formed flue gas is cooled by the preheater system and then enters the kiln tail waste gas treatment system, and the flue gas is purified and then discharged into the atmosphere.
2. The solid waste treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the solid waste in the step I enters the mixing feeding chamber (4) through the waste feeding port (41) and the pneumatic box plate valve (7).
3. The solid waste treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-temperature tertiary air in the step two enters the mixing feeding chamber (4) through the tertiary air main pipe (2) and the tertiary air branch pipe (5).
4. The solid waste treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotary furnace (3) is obliquely arranged between the tertiary air main pipe (2) and the decomposing furnace (1), and a fireproof heat-insulating material is built inside the rotary furnace (3) and meets the working temperature of 900-1600 ℃.
5. The solid waste treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotary furnace (3) is driven by a driving device (10), the residence time of the solid wastes in the rotary furnace (3) is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the rotary furnace (3), the solid wastes roll in the rotary furnace (3) to move towards the outlet end, and the solid wastes are subjected to high-temperature tertiary air during the movement process to be rapidly dried, dehydrated, ignited and burnt to form combustion residues.
6. The solid waste treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solid waste is calcined into cement clinker at the high temperature of more than 1500 ℃, the gas generated by incineration is thoroughly decomposed in the decomposing furnace (1), and then the gas is cooled by a preheater, enters a kiln tail waste gas purification system for purification and is discharged into the atmosphere.
7. The solid waste treatment process of claim 1, further comprising the operational steps of start-up and shut-down:
step one, an ignition furnace drying program: confirming that the maintenance of the solid waste treatment system is finished, ensuring that no personnel or tools are retained in the system, and confirming whether a pneumatic box plate valve (7) and an access door are closed; when the refractory bricks in the first operation or the rotary furnace (3) are replaced by a large amount, the system is ignited, and meanwhile, firewood is erected at the position of the mixing feeding chamber (4) for baking refractory materials; the operation is not carried out for the first time or the refractory material is not replaced, and the operation is carried out according to a normal temperature-rising program; the rotary furnace (3) is driven to move at intervals in the temperature rising process, when the temperature of the outlet of the rotary furnace (3) reaches 600 ℃, the sealed cooling fans at the two ends of the rotary furnace (3) are started, and the rotary furnace (3) is controlled to continuously rotate at a low speed by the driving device (10);
step two, solid waste throwing program: after the cement rotary kiln (6) is fed, after the production operation is stable, when the temperature of tertiary air is more than or equal to 750 ℃, the solid waste can be treated; when feeding solid wastes, increasing the air draft of a high-temperature fan, starting a pneumatic box plate valve (7), opening a solid waste feed, gradually increasing the solid waste feed amount, paying attention to the current of a driving motor of the rotary furnace (3), the outlet temperature, the CO concentration at the outlet of the preheater and the change of the working condition in the kiln in the process, controlling the material filling rate and the material residence time in the furnace by adjusting the rotating speed of the rotary furnace (3), adjusting the quantity of fuel sprayed by a raw material and a afterburning device entering the rotary furnace, and further controlling the burning temperature of the rotary furnace (3);
step three, a shutdown procedure: when the solid waste treatment system needs to be shut down, the solid waste feeding is stopped, the pneumatic gate valve (7) is closed, the conveying of raw materials and fuel into the rotary furnace (3) is stopped, after the solid waste is confirmed to completely enter the decomposing furnace (1) for decomposition, the rotary furnace (3) is kept running at a low speed and is synchronously cooled with the solid waste treatment system, the rotary furnace (6) is rotated at intervals in the cooling process, and the rotary furnace (3) is stopped being driven after the solid waste treatment system is cooled to the normal temperature.
8. The solid waste treatment process according to claim 7, wherein: the retention time of the solid wastes in the rotary kiln (3) is controlled to be 10-60 min; the temperature of the high-temperature tertiary air is controlled to be 850-1000 ℃.
9. The solid waste treatment process according to claim 7, further comprising the interlocking protection process steps of:
step one, when the current of a driving motor in a driving device (10) reaches 80% of rated current, stopping solid waste feeding and closing a pneumatic box plate valve (7), and when the duration of the excess rated current reaches 30S, enabling a solid waste treatment system to jump and stop;
step two, when the solid waste treatment system is stopped, the afterburning device of the rotary furnace (3) stops afterburning, and the proportion of raw materials entering the rotary furnace (3) is 0 percent;
step three, the temperature of the high-temperature tertiary air entering the mixing feeding chamber (4) is less than or equal to 750 ℃ and lasts for 60 seconds, solid waste feeding is stopped, and the pneumatic box plate valve (7) is closed;
fourthly, when the temperature in the mixing feeding chamber (4) is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, the afterburning device in the rotary furnace (3) stops afterburning, and when the temperature in the mixing chamber is more than or equal to 1200 ℃, the solid waste feeding is stopped and the pneumatic box plate valve (7) is closed;
step five, stopping solid waste feeding and closing the pneumatic box plate valve (7) when the negative pressure of the mixing feeding chamber (4) is less than or equal to-50 pa;
sixthly, stopping afterburning by an afterburning device in the rotary furnace (3) when the outlet temperature of the rotary furnace (3) is more than or equal to 1150 ℃, and increasing the raw material feeding amount of the rotary furnace (2); when the outlet temperature of the rotary furnace (3) is more than or equal to 1250 ℃, stopping solid waste feeding and closing the pneumatic box plate valve (7);
seventhly, when the play displacement of the rotary furnace (3) reaches the limit, the solid waste treatment system can be stopped;
and step eight, when the high-temperature fan at the inlet of the tertiary air main pipe (2) is stopped, stopping solid waste feeding and closing the pneumatic box plate valve (7).
10. The solid waste treatment process according to claim 1, further comprising the step of judging and treating abnormal conditions:
step one, when the rotary furnace (3) jumps and stops: after the rotary furnace (3) is stopped, whether the solid waste feed, raw material feed and fuel quantity of the rotary furnace (3) are interlocked and stopped to be conveyed or not and whether the pneumatic box plate valve (7) is interlocked and closed or not are determined; the rotary furnace (3) is maintained to continuously rotate slowly through the driving device (10); searching the reason for the trip of the rotary furnace (3); according to the reason of causing the jump stop, contacting an operator at a site post for checking, and starting up after removing the fault;
step two, when solid waste feeding is interrupted: immediately stopping feeding of the fuel into the rotary furnace (1) and stopping the amount of the raw material entering the rotary furnace (3); reducing the rotating speed of the rotary furnace (3); the air pulling of the high-temperature fan is reduced, and the coal feeding amount of the decomposing furnace (1) is increased;
step three, tripping the solid waste treatment system or tripping the high-temperature fan: feeding the rotary kiln (3), stopping raw material feeding interlocking, and closing the pneumatic gate valve (7) in interlocking; an operator reduces the rotating speed of the rotary furnace (3), contacts a patrol inspector to confirm whether the pneumatic box plate valve (7) is closed in place and the heatless smoke escapes from the solid waste feeding port; if the temperature of the outlet of the rotary furnace (3) is increased because the solid waste in the rotary furnace (3) is continuously combusted, the raw materials can be fed into the rotary furnace (3) for cooling;
step four, power failure of the plant area: an operator should contact an inspection worker to confirm whether the pneumatic box plate valve (7) is closed in place or not, and no hot flue gas flows out of the solid waste feeding port; if the power supply can not be recovered immediately, the diesel generator is started to provide a security power supply, the driving device (10) on the lower side of the rotary furnace (3) is started to rotate slowly, and the cooling fans sealed at the two ends of the rotary furnace are started to cool down, so that the barrel body of the rotary furnace (3) is prevented from deforming.
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| CN113751475B (en) | 2023-01-24 |
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