CN113734224A

CN113734224A - Crushing type omnidirectional anti-creeper for railway vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN113734224A
Application number: CN202111081304.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 窦伟元; 朱宇; 张乐乐
Original assignee: Beijing Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Beijing Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2021-09-15
Filing date: 2021-09-15
Publication date: 2021-12-03
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-15
Also published as: CN113734224B

Abstract

An omnidirectional anti-climbing device, the anti-climbing device has an anti-climbing tooth plate, and the anti-climbing tooth plate is provided with an array of anti-climbing teeth arranged in a checkerboard pattern; each anti-climbing tooth is provided with a top guide section and a bottom meshing The top guide section has a tapered variable section structure, while the bottom meshing section has a columnar equal section structure; on the left and right sides and the upper and lower sides of each anti-climbing tooth, there are anti-climbing teeth for accommodating the collision anti-climbing device. the recess. The anti-climber's energy-absorbing tube is changed from a traditional simple cross-section solid walled circular tube to a two-dimensional cross-sectional tube wall with porous features in cross-section; and/or, the anti-climber assembly replaces the traditional welding. According to the omnidirectional anti-climbing device of the present invention, automatic centering can always be realized, the energy absorption effect can be greatly upgraded, and the compactness, ease of use, replaceability and maintainability of the omnidirectional anti-climbing device are enhanced.

Description

Crushing type omnidirectional anti-creeper for railway vehicle

Technical Field

The invention relates to a train anti-climbing energy absorption device, in particular to a crushing type omnidirectional anti-climbing device for a railway vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of passive safety of railway vehicles.

Background

Rail vehicle anti-creepers generally include an anti-creep device and an energy absorbing device. The anti-creeper front end toothed plates of two adjacent car ends which mutually impact are firstly meshed to limit the relative displacement of the two cars and prevent the car climbing accident after the car coupler device is cut off when the car coupler device is in collision, and the cars are limited on the track as far as possible to ensure that the car ends which mutually impact are longitudinally and orderly deformed along the car body, so that the multi-stage energy absorption device of the cars can play a role step by step to protect the life safety of passengers.

It is believed that the occurrence of a climbing accident during a train collision is 20 times higher than the casualty rate without the occurrence of a climbing accident. The main component for preventing climbing when the train collides is the anticreeper. Along with the continuous improvement of the speed per hour of the operation of the rail vehicle, higher requirements are put forward on the passive safety performance of the anti-creeper.

In the prior art, the anti-creep device front end of rail vehicle anti-creep ware is mostly the anti-creep pinion rack that is rectangle, trapezoidal horizontal tooth. The anti-climbing toothed plate can only prevent the vertical dislocation of the train when the train collides, namely, the train climbing is prevented, and the energy absorption effect of the anti-climbing device is ignored.

Particularly, the two-phase train collision can generate vertical deviation and non-vertical deviation when vibrating, passing through a curve or snaking and colliding, and the non-vertical deviation is completely restrained by the friction force between the climbing-proof toothed plates of the two-phase train collision. The anti-climbing toothed plate of the traditional anti-climbing device can be subjected to non-centering load, a large bending moment is generated to act on the energy-absorbing pipe, the energy-absorbing pipe is subjected to integral buckling instability instead of gradual buckling, the energy-absorbing efficiency of the energy-absorbing pipe is greatly reduced, and the effective protection effect can not be achieved even along with the aggravation of unbalance load.

At present, the energy absorption device of the rail vehicle anti-creeper can be divided into a crushing type, an expansion type and a cutting type according to a deformation mode. The energy absorption device is most common in crushing energy absorption of a thin-wall structure, but the peak value of instantaneous deceleration at the time of collision is large, secondary collision of passengers in a vehicle is easily caused, the transverse rigidity is too small, and axial instability is easily caused during non-centering collision.

Generally, the crashworthiness of the structure is mainly as the following key evaluation indexes:

1) compared with energy absorption (SEA), namely energy absorbed by unit mass of a structure, the more energy is absorbed, the better the energy absorption effect is;

2) initial peak force F_maxA larger peak force means that the passenger can bear larger acceleration impact, and the peak is reduced or eliminated as much as possible to reduce the damage to the secondary collision in the passenger car;

3) effective impact force ratio (AE), i.e., the ratio of the average impact force to the peak force at a limited impact compression displacement.

The rail vehicle anti-creeper is an important component for the classified energy absorption of trains, and the initial peak force is reduced as far as possible while the rail vehicle anti-creeper is required to have high specific energy absorption.

CN204915710U proposes an omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate which is composed of frustum-shaped anti-climbing protruding teeth, anti-climbing concave teeth and anti-climbing deflection teeth arranged in a checkerboard-like symmetrical manner, wherein the height of the anti-climbing deflection teeth is only half of that of the anti-climbing protruding teeth. When two trains collide with each other in a vertical or horizontal initial offset manner, the protruding teeth and the concave teeth are meshed after dislocation, and then the anti-climbing and anti-offset teeth are used for further limiting so as to try to realize omnidirectional anti-climbing. However, due to uncertainty in impact deflection, the omni-directional structure does not always mesh well. Particularly, when the top surfaces of the edge tables of the two anti-climbing protruded teeth are contacted, the engagement of the protruded teeth and the concave teeth has no guiding function; and vertical and horizontal offset are present simultaneously at the time of impact, and when the frustum pyramid-shaped anti-climbing protruding tooth is just opposite to the anti-climbing anti-deflection tooth, the guiding engagement is more difficult, which leads to the increase of the probability of tooth disengagement.

CN110816579A provides an omnidirectional anti-climbing tooth plate with saw-shaped teeth arranged transversely, when collision occurs, the inner grooves on the saw-shaped teeth can block the shorter outer convex teeth between two saw-shaped teeth, so as to achieve the purpose of omnidirectional anti-climbing. However, the anti-climbing device has the problem that centering engagement cannot be guided, when a train passes through a curve (collides with each other at a certain inclination angle), the outer convex teeth which are short on the inner side of the curve may be staggered, so that the non-axial deviation of the energy absorption pipe after final engagement is increased, integral buckling occurs, and the energy absorption efficiency is seriously influenced; in addition, vertical sliding still exists after the inner grooves are meshed with the protruding teeth, and the disturbance also greatly influences the energy absorption efficiency of the energy absorption device.

CN110598341A proposes a multi-tube coaxial nested energy absorption device with induced energy absorption function, which sets induction holes at different positions on the coaxial energy absorption tubes to reduce the initial peak force at the time of impact, but this does not improve or even slightly reduce the specific energy absorption of the energy absorption tubes.

In the prior art, most of collision accidents happen in a linear running state, the technical field considers that the phenomenon that two trains of vehicles climb when colliding in the linear running is prevented, and the energy absorption effect is not emphasized. Therefore, the prior art only concerns the vertical deviation caused by the symmetrical load when two vehicles collide with each other, and neglects the non-vertical deviation caused by the asymmetrical load when two vehicles collide with each other.

In practice, if a collision accident occurs in a curve working condition, due to the fact that non-vertical deviation is generated by the impact asymmetric load, the deviation can cause derailment of two vehicles, secondary passenger damage is caused, and the energy absorption efficiency of the energy absorption structure of the anti-creeper can be reduced.

In summary, in the prior art, the rail vehicle anti-climbing energy-absorbing device cannot limit non-vertical deviation, cannot give consideration to stable omnidirectional anti-climbing and high effective impact force ratio, and cannot ensure effective anti-climbing and energy-absorbing in a collision accident.

In particular, due to the inertia of the conventional thinking, the skilled person has never broken through the category of the conventional considerations, and has no motivation to consider how to further limit the non-vertical deviation, how to consider stable omnidirectional anti-creep and high effective impact force ratio, how to ensure effective anti-creep in a collision accident while achieving a preset energy-absorbing effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a crushing type omnidirectional anti-creeper for a railway vehicle, which has a peak clipping effect, can effectively prevent dislocation in three offset directions of a vertical direction, a horizontal direction, an inclined direction and the like of a two-phase collision train, is more regular and ordered compared with a crushing folding mode of the anti-creeper in the collision process in the prior art, and can greatly increase specific energy absorption while reducing initial peak force.

The omnidirectional anti-climbing device can realize automatic guiding and centering, is stable and reliable in meshing and has effective anti-climbing capability under a certain bias working condition. For realizing the guiding and centering functions, a variable cross-section structure with a certain gradient, such as a pyramid type structure, a cone type structure and the like, is used as a top guiding section of the anti-climbing tooth; for the realization of the meshing fastening function, the prism, the cylinder and other section structures are used as the bottom meshing section of the anti-climbing tooth; for the realization of the effective anti-climbing function under a certain bias working condition, the design is completed through a chessboard-like regular arrangement form of the anti-climbing teeth.

According to the invention, the omnidirectional anti-climbing teeth capable of realizing 'guide-engagement' are provided, and the array type anti-climbing toothed plate is formed by the combination of the 'conical head part and the prismatic teeth'. Wherein, the front end taper tooth part of the climbing prevention tooth plays a role in guiding and centering, and the prism part plays roles in fastening, meshing and transferring impact load.

According to the invention, the side wall of the anti-creeper is not a solid pipe wall any more, but a pipe wall with a series of irregular holes with random size, shape and density on the cross section. Preferably, the series of irregular holes are of a Voronoi structure, the energy absorption structure is formed by stretching a 2D-Voronoi plane, the energy absorption effect of the series of irregular holes is higher than that of a traditional simple-section circular tube, the requirement of energy absorption of the anti-creeper for the impact resistance of the structure when vehicles (such as subways, urban rails, high-speed trains and the like) with different speed grades collide is met, the randomness and the density of the distribution of the Voronoi stretching cells can be respectively controlled by parameters, and then the regulation and control of the energy absorption capacity are achieved.

According to the invention, the initial peak force of the impact is significantly reduced and is lower than the average load at impact.

According to the invention, the conventional welding is replaced by the completely detachable threaded connection of the anti-creeper assembly body, so that the influence of the residual stress of the welding on the reliability is eliminated, and the compactness, the usability, the maintainability and the like of the integral assembly structure are improved. In the prior art, the negative effects of the welded structure are not expected, and the bolt connection structure is not changed.

According to the invention, the anti-climbing structure with combined teeth is characterized in that the anti-climbing teeth of the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate are formed by combining tapered teeth and prismatic teeth, wherein the tapered tooth part at the front end of the anti-climbing teeth plays a role in guiding and centering, and the prismatic part plays a role in fastening, meshing and transferring impact load.

Preferably, the omnidirectional anti-climbing structure adopts a structure with a square pyramid-square column type tooth and chessboard type staggered layout, and different vehicle types are matched in different sizes.

According to the invention, the invention provides an A-type subway train head train anti-creeper which has the structural size: the length multiplied by the width is less than or equal to 500mm multiplied by 500mm, and the material can be selected from the general materials of the rail vehicles, such as weathering steel and the like.

According to the high-efficiency energy-absorbing structure of the anti-creeper, the anti-creeper is made of materials with irregular porous characteristics, the anti-creeper is similar to dragonfly wings, leaf microscopic textures, skeleton sections and the like, and a two-dimensional cross section with the porous characteristics is axially stretched by a method similar to three-dimensional modeling stretching, so that a three-dimensional thin-wall energy-absorbing structure is formed.

Preferably, the cross section for stretching the stereo energy absorption structure can be composed of random cells with different shapes, sizes and densities, and the sizes, the number and the rule degree of each cell can be controlled by adjusting corresponding parameters to control the structural rigidity and the crashworthiness so as to match the energy absorption requirements of working conditions of different vehicle types, different speed intervals and the like. Because the cell walls are all parallel to the impact direction, compared with a three-dimensional foamed aluminum structure, the cell wall structure has more sufficient deformation and higher material utilization rate.

The invention designs a completely detachable threaded connection mode for connection and positioning, namely, external threads are tapped at two ends of a guide circular tube, one end of the guide circular tube is screwed with the internal threads on an anti-creep toothed plate, and the other end of the guide circular tube is matched with a locknut, so that the positioning connection of the whole anti-creep device on the underframe of a train body is realized. Whole anti-creeper passes through the mount pad to be fixed at automobile body chassis front end, energy-absorbing, direction, dustcoat subassembly are all installed between omnidirectional anti-creeper plate and mount pad. The traditional anti-creep toothed plate is connected with the guide pipe by a common welding process, welding deformation is easy to occur, residual welding stress is caused, and replaceability is poor, but the technical problem which needs to be solved is not expected in the prior art.

According to the anti-climbing energy-absorbing device, the traditional consideration range is broken through, the non-vertical deviation generated by the asymmetric load when two vehicles collide with each other is considered, so that the anti-climbing energy-absorbing device for the railway vehicle cannot limit the vertical deviation, can limit the non-vertical deviation, can give consideration to stable omnidirectional anti-climbing and high effective impact force ratio, and can ensure effective anti-climbing and energy-absorbing in the collision accident of a straight line and a curve working condition.

According to the invention, the energy absorption pipe of the anti-creeper is changed from a traditional round pipe with a simple section and a solid pipe wall into a pipe wall with a two-dimensional cross section and a porous characteristic in section, and the pipe wall is axially stretched by a stretching method similar to three-dimensional modeling to form a three-dimensional thin-wall energy absorption structure; the sizes, shapes and densities of the series of irregular holes are random, but the randomness and density of cell distribution can be respectively controlled by parameters, so that the energy absorption requirement of the anti-creeper for the collision resistance of the structure is met when vehicles (such as subways, urban rails, high-speed trains and the like) with different speed grades collide.

According to the invention, the anti-creeper assembly body of the anti-creeper replaces the traditional welding by the completely detachable threaded connection, thereby eliminating the influence of the residual welding stress and the welding deformation on the reliability of the anti-creeper and improving the compactness, the usability, the maintainability and the like of the integral assembly structure. In contrast, the prior art does not anticipate the negative effects that the welded structure would have on the anticreeper, and there is no motivation to change to a bolted connection.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an omnidirectional anti-creep crushing type anti-creeper according to the present invention.

Fig. 2a, 2b and 2c are schematic structural views of anti-climbing toothed plates of the crushing type omnidirectional anti-climbing device according to the present invention, wherein fig. 2a shows the front of the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate, fig. 2b shows the back of the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate, and fig. 2c shows a single anti-climbing tooth.

Fig. 3a, 3b are 2D planar and 2D planar stretch based 3D thin-walled energy absorbing structures with porous features, respectively.

FIGS. 4a-4c are n²Total area A enclosed by unit squares, n in FIG. 4a²225, α 50; in FIG. 4b, n²324, α 50; in FIG. 4c, n²＝324、α＝20。

Fig. 5a-5e show different inner and outer boundary energy-absorbing tubes generated based on a 2D-Voronoi structure, wherein fig. 5a shows a regular triangular outer boundary, fig. 5b shows a square outer boundary, fig. 5c shows a regular hexagonal outer boundary, fig. 5D shows a circular outer boundary cross-shaped inner boundary, and fig. 5e shows a circular inner and outer boundary.

Fig. 6a-6b are schematic views of the structure of an energy absorbing pipe stretched based on a 2D-Voronoi structure of the omnidirectional anti-climbing crushing type anti-creeper according to the invention, wherein fig. 6a shows a drawing of the axis of the energy absorbing pipe, and fig. 6b shows a front view of the energy absorbing pipe.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the connection relationship between the guide tube and the omnidirectional anti-creep toothed plate of the crushing type omnidirectional anti-creep device according to the invention.

Figures 8a-8b are cross-sectional views of an omnidirectional anti-creep crushing guard according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a finite element model of a collision between two anti-creepers.

10a-10b are simulation processes of collision deformation of an anti-creeper with a conventional anti-creeper tooth plate and an anti-creeper with an omnidirectional anti-creeper tooth plate according to the present invention under a one-way vertical offset 25mm working condition, wherein FIG. 10a shows the anti-creeper with the conventional anti-creeper tooth plate, and FIG. 10b shows the anti-creeper with the omnidirectional anti-creeper tooth plate according to the present invention.

Fig. 11a-11c are force versus time curves of a collision process of an anti-creeper with a conventional anti-creeper panel and an anti-creeper with an omnidirectional anti-creeper panel according to the present invention under a working condition of 4 unidirectional vertical offset 25mm, wherein fig. 11a shows a horizontal X-direction force, fig. 11b shows a vertical Y-direction force, and fig. 11c shows a longitudinal Z-direction force.

Fig. 12a-12c are force versus time curves for a collision process of an anti-creeper with a conventional anti-creeper panel and an anti-creeper with an omnidirectional anti-creeper panel according to the present invention under condition 1 no-bias condition, wherein fig. 12a shows horizontal X-direction force, fig. 12b shows vertical Y-direction force, and fig. 12c shows longitudinal Z-direction force.

Fig. 13a-13c are force versus time curves of a collision process of an anti-creeper with a conventional anti-creeper panel and an anti-creeper with an omnidirectional anti-creeper panel according to the present invention under the condition of unidirectional horizontal offset 15mm under the condition of condition 2, wherein fig. 13a shows a horizontal X-direction force, fig. 13b shows a vertical Y-direction force, and fig. 13c shows a longitudinal Z-direction force.

Fig. 14a-14c are force versus time curves of a collision process of an anti-creeper with a conventional anti-creeper panel and an anti-creeper with an omnidirectional anti-creeper panel according to the present invention under the condition of the condition 3 unidirectional horizontal offset of 30mm, wherein fig. 14a shows a horizontal X-direction force, fig. 14b shows a vertical Y-direction force, and fig. 14c shows a longitudinal Z-direction force.

Fig. 15a-15c are force versus time curves of a collision process of an anti-creeper with a conventional anti-creeper panel and an anti-creeper with an omnidirectional anti-creeper panel according to the present invention under a condition of unidirectional vertical offset 40mm condition 5, wherein fig. 15a shows a horizontal X-direction force, fig. 15b shows a vertical Y-direction force, and fig. 15c shows a longitudinal Z-direction force.

Fig. 16a-16c are force versus time curves for a crash process of an anti-creeper with a conventional anti-creeper panel with an omni-directional anti-creeper panel according to the present invention for a 6 operating condition horizontally offset by 30mm and a 40mm vertically offset, wherein fig. 16a shows the horizontal X-direction force, fig. 16b shows the vertical Y-direction force, and fig. 16c shows the longitudinal Z-direction force.

Fig. 17a to 17c are force-versus-time curves of a collision process of an anti-creeper with a conventional anti-creeper panel and an anti-creeper with an omnidirectional anti-creeper panel according to the present invention under a condition of 7 oblique offset by 3 °, in which fig. 17a shows a horizontal X-direction force, fig. 17b shows a vertical Y-direction force, and fig. 17c shows a longitudinal Z-direction force.

FIGS. 18a-18b are crash deformation simulation processes for a combination simple round tube and a combination 2D-Voronoi tensile energy absorbing tube under simple compression, wherein FIG. 18a shows the combination simple round tube and FIG. 18b shows the combination 2D-Voronoi tensile energy absorbing tube.

FIG. 19 is a curve of impact force versus compression stroke during a collision process of 75% compression of a combined simple circular tube and a combined 2D-Voronoi tensile energy-absorbing tube under a simple compression simulation.

FIG. 20 is a histogram of crash behavior data comparison of an omnidirectional anti-creep crush arrestor according to the present invention with a combination simple round pipe.

In the above figures, reference numeral 1 denotes an omnidirectional anti-creep toothed plate, reference numeral 1-1 denotes a square column-shaped portion of an anti-creep lug, reference numerals 1-2 denote rectangular pyramid-shaped portions of the anti-creep lug, reference numerals 1-3 denote anti-creep grooves, reference numerals 1-4 denote mounting plates, reference numerals 1-5 denote limit grooves, reference numerals 1-6 denote threaded holes, reference numeral 2 denotes a 2D-Voronoi structure to stretch an energy absorbing tube according to the present invention, reference numeral 3-1 denotes a guide tube a, reference numeral 3-2 denotes a guide tube B, reference numeral 4 denotes a mounting seat, reference numeral 5 denotes an outer cover, reference numeral 6 denotes a screw, reference numeral 7 denotes a first connecting bolt, reference numeral 8 denotes a second connecting bolt, and reference numeral 9 denotes a locknut.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

As shown in fig. 2a, 2b, and 2c, the omnidirectional anti-creep toothed plate 1 of the omnidirectional anti-creep crushing type anti-creeper provided by the present invention can be structurally divided into: the anti-climbing tooth is composed of a rectangular pyramid-shaped tooth 1-2 and a square column-shaped tooth 1-1, an anti-climbing groove 1-3 surrounded by the square column-shaped teeth on the periphery, and a mounting plate 1-4 with a limiting groove 1-5 and a threaded hole 1-6. Wherein, the height h of the rectangular pyramid-shaped teeth 1-2₂Less than the height h of the square column-shaped teeth 1-1₁And the projection area of the anti-climbing convex teeth on the mounting plate 1-4 is smaller than the projection area of the anti-climbing groove 1-3 on the mounting plate 1-4. The limiting grooves 1-5 and the threaded holes 1-6 are symmetrically arranged around the center of the mounting plate. The omnidirectional anti-creep toothed plate 1 can be processed by adopting an investment casting mode, limiting grooves 1-5 can be directly milled, and threaded holes 1-6 can be tapped by adopting a customized screw tap.

As shown in FIG. 6, the invention provides a tensile energy-absorbing tube 2 based on a 2D-Voronoi structure of an omnidirectional anti-climbing crushing type anti-climbing device. The 2D-Voronoi structure is manufactured by adopting a basic Thiessen polygon mosaic method. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the cell size, the number of cells, the degree of regularity of each cell, and the boundary shape can be controlledTo facilitate comparison, wherein n²The total area A enclosed by the unit squares is kept constant. In addition, algorithms for generating the energy absorbing tube sections from the 2D-Voronoi structure include, but are not limited to, directly generating the desired sections with the boundaries as constraints or cutting the 2D-Voronoi structure to form the desired energy absorbing tube sections. The 2D-Voronoi tensile energy-absorbing pipe can be manufactured by section bar manufacturing or extrusion molding process.

Preferably, the energy absorbing structure is a 2D-Voronoi tensile energy absorbing structure (tesson polygonal tensile tube). Specifically, the energy absorbing structure according to the invention is produced by the following steps:

first, determine n²(n>0) Unit square center coordinate (x)_i,y_i)，i∈(1,n)，(n²Namely the number of the two-dimensional Thiessen polygonal seeds);

second, for n above²The seeds are disturbed by delta value in any direction, and new coordinates (x ') after disturbance are obtained'_i,y'_i) The calculation formula is as follows:

in formula (1): alpha is a parameter for controlling the irregularity of the 2D-Voronoi structure cell; delta₀Represents the minimum distance between the seeds in two adjacent cells, which is defined by n²Total area A and seed number n enclosed by unit squares²Determining;

third, with new coordinates (x'_i,y'_i) And (3) generating a 2D-Voronoi structure for the seed, and finally cutting and stretching the 2D-Voronoi structure into an energy-absorbing circular tube. And in order to further improve the energy absorption of the anti-creeper, a form of combining a plurality of energy absorption structures is adopted.

Preferably, the 2D-Voronoi structure, A and n²The larger the ratio of (a) is, the larger the average area of the cell is; the smaller the alpha (toward 0), the more regular the cell shapeThe more uniform each cell; the larger alpha (which tends to be 100), the more irregular the cell shape, and the great difference in cell size. And the more the cell count is, the more uniform the size is, the more steady the impact force will be, also slightly increase than the energy absorption.

Preferably, the outer boundary of the 2D-Voronoi tensile energy-absorbing structure can be a regular triangle, a square, a regular hexagon, a regular octagon or a circle; the inner boundary is matched with the guiding device and can be in a cross shape or a circular shape. According to the requirements of different vehicle types on energy absorption and impact response, the length, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the energy absorption structure and the thickness of the cell wall can be further optimized.

The invention provides an energy absorption structure of an A-type subway train head car anti-creeper, which has the structural size as follows: the length is 500mm, the diameter is 100mm, the thickness is 2mm, and the material can select low strength steel or aluminum alloy and the like, so that the strength is lower than that of other metal structures of the anti-creeper.

According to the anti-creeping device, in order to facilitate installation and improve the bending resistance, the guide structure can adopt a round pipe, a cross-shaped guide rod, a quincunx guide rod and the like, and the guide pipe is symmetrical about the center, has strong bending resistance and can tap external threads.

Preferably, the invention provides a guide pipe with a special-shaped section, namely, the outer wall of the guide pipe is a circular pipe, and a cross-shaped guide rod is welded inside the guide pipe. And a combination of multi-guide structures can be adopted to further increase the bending resistance.

Preferably, in order to match the energy absorption structure, the invention provides a guide structure which consists of four guide tubes with the diameter of 40mm on the periphery and a middle single tube with the diameter of 70 mm. The material of the anti-creeping device can be made of weather-resistant steel which is the same as that of the omnidirectional anti-creeping toothed plate.

The invention provides an A-type subway train head train anti-creeper, wherein in the structural dimension parameters of other parts, the thickness of a mounting seat takes values according to the following formula: h₂＝a×H₁(wherein H is₁Thickness of the energy-absorbing section bar, H₂Representing the thickness of the mounting seat, the range of a is 2.5-5.5), and the wall thickness H of a simple circular tube with the same mass as the energy absorbing tube according to the invention₁Is 5.6mm, and the thickness H of the mounting seat is obtained by taking a as 4.46₂Is 25 mm. Outer coverThe invention mainly plays a role in packaging and dust prevention, and can select ABS material. In addition, the structural form of the outer cover can be changed or the metal material can be selected to be used as an auxiliary structure to participate in energy absorption.

As shown in fig. 1, an omnidirectional anti-climbing crushing type anti-climbing device comprises an omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate 1, an energy absorption pipe 2, a guide pipe 3, a mounting seat 4, an outer cover 5, a screw 6, a first connecting bolt 7, a second connecting bolt 8 and a locknut 9. The omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate 1 is milled with limiting grooves 1-5, and the limiting grooves on the mounting seat 4 are used for circumferentially positioning the four energy absorption tubes 2. As shown in fig. 7, threaded holes 1-6 are further tapped on the omnidirectional anti-creeping toothed plate 1 and are connected with external threads on the guide pipe 3 in a screwing manner, so that the guide pipe 3 and the omnidirectional anti-creeping toothed plate 1 are fixedly connected. Wherein, the external thread on the guide tube 3 is a tube thread, and the thread parameters refer to the standard GB/T7307-2001. The energy absorption pipe 2 is in clearance fit with the guide pipe 3, and the energy absorption pipe 2 is fixed on the mounting seat 4 through a second connecting bolt 8. The guide pipe 3 penetrates through a reserved through hole in the mounting seat 4, and the other end of the guide pipe 3-2 with the thinner periphery is also processed with external threads to be matched with the locknut 9 to realize the longitudinal positioning of the whole anti-creeper. The guide pipe 3 can be formed by welding a round pipe and a cross-shaped guide pipe. The mounting seat 4 is fixed on the train body underframe through a first connecting bolt 7 so as to realize the mounting and positioning of the whole anti-creeper on the train. The outer cover 5 is used for packaging the whole anti-creeper through the screw 6 and the first connecting bolt 7. The anti-creeper is installed at two ends of the train body by taking the center of the train body (a track plane) as a symmetrical point, so that the meshing effectiveness of the anti-creeper in accidents such as train collision, rear-end collision and the like is guaranteed under the condition that male and female matching is not needed.

When the trains provided with the omnidirectional anti-climbing crushing type anti-climbing device for the rail vehicles collide, firstly, the anti-climbing devices at the ends of the two trains respectively contact with each other firstly. In the case of no bias: the anti-climbing convex teeth on the anti-climbing toothed plate 1 of one anti-climbing device are meshed with the anti-climbing grooves 1-3 on the anti-climbing toothed plate of the other anti-climbing device, and under the extrusion action of two-phase collision trains, the mutual dislocation is limited, so that the anti-climbing function is realized; in the case of a bias: the rectangular pyramid teeth 1-2 of the anti-climbing convex teeth on the two anti-climbing devices omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plates 1 are contacted, namely point-surface contact or point-point contact. The contact is unstable, so that a guiding function is generated along with the advancing of the collision of the train, the rectangular pyramid-shaped teeth 1-2 are guided to slide into the anti-climbing grooves 1-3, and the anti-climbing convex teeth and the anti-climbing grooves of the two anti-climbing devices are mutually meshed, so that the function of preventing the omnidirectional dislocation is realized.

When a train provided with the omnidirectional anti-climbing crushing type anti-climbing device for the railway vehicle collides, impact force is transmitted to the energy-absorbing pipe 2 through the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate 1, the outer cover 5 is crushed at the moment, and the guide pipe 3 bears main bending moment to enable the energy-absorbing pipe to be axially symmetrically pressed as far as possible. The impact force is transmitted to the underframe of the vehicle body by the mounting seat 4 connected with the other end of the energy-absorbing pipe. Because the energy-absorbing pipe adopts the aluminum alloy material with lower strength, the energy-absorbing pipe deforms and absorbs energy firstly when being impacted, and the effectiveness of other structures of the anti-creeper is ensured. The guide pipe penetrates through a through hole in the mounting seat 4 and is embedded into a reserved space of the underframe of the vehicle body.

The finite element model of the collision of the two anti-creepers is shown in FIG. 9, and each part of the finite element model adopts Belytschko-Tsay shell elements and in-plane single-point integration, the total number of the elements is 342742, and the total number of the nodes is 320624. Wherein the guide pipe 3, the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate 1, the energy absorption pipe 2 and the mounting seat 4 share a node for processing. According to the collision working condition of the same type of C-II vehicles in EN15227, the collision speed of the two trains in simulation is determined to be 25 km/h; in the collision, an additional half-car-mass (25t) of an anti-creeper is used for impacting another anti-creeper fixed on a rigid wall, and 7 typical working conditions combining three offset parameters of horizontal, vertical and inclined are designed as shown in the table 1. For the determination of the inclination parameters, taking an a-type subway train as an example, the distance between the trains is 15.7m, according to the design specification of underground railways, the radius of the subway train which is difficult to operate in an auxiliary line is 150m, and assuming that two subway trains collide at the moment, the included angle between the two trains is:

TABLE 1 simulation of the anticreeper (x, y represents the distance of the anticreeper of the moving end towards the positive direction)

According to the invention, the omnidirectional anti-climbing performance is mainly embodied in the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate, so that only different structural forms of the anti-climbing toothed plate are controlled, and compared with the traditional rectangular-tooth-shaped transverse anti-climbing toothed plate, simulation evaluation is carried out, and the structural sizes and simulation working condition conditions of other parts are unchanged; the energy absorption performance is mainly embodied in the energy absorption pipe, so only the structural form of the energy absorption pipe is controlled to be different, the simulation evaluation is carried out on the traditional simple circular pipe with the same quality, and the structural sizes and the simulation working condition conditions of other parts are not changed. The simulation working condition is as follows: in the collision scenario of a C-II vehicle of the same type specified in standard EN15227, i.e. one anti-creeper is attached with a half car mass of 25t in mass units, hitting another anti-creeper fixed on a rigid wall at a speed of 25 km/h.

Compared with the traditional rectangular tooth type transverse anti-climbing toothed plate, seven collision working conditions of combination of three bias parameters of vertical, horizontal and inclined are designed, and the anti-climbing performance of the omnidirectional anti-climbing structure is analyzed and evaluated through numerical simulation by a finite element method. Establishing a finite element simulation model of the combined type simple circular tube and the combined type 2D-Voronoi tensile energy-absorbing tube, and carrying out simulation analysis on the energy-absorbing performance of the 2D-Voronoi tensile energy-absorbing tube under a simple compression working condition. The impact characteristics of the anti-climbing device under the combined working conditions of three bias parameters of vertical, horizontal and inclined are analyzed and evaluated by combining the omnidirectional anti-climbing structure and the energy absorption structure. And comprehensively analyzing the results, weighing each collision evaluation index, and determining the structural form, the design parameters and the processing technology of the anti-creeper. According to the anti-climbing device, due to the action of the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate, centering and stable meshing can be well guided under seven working conditions formed by combining three offset parameters of horizontal, vertical and inclined. And the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate can generate a larger initial impact force in the offset direction, and the force can straighten the car body in the actual collision and is increased along with the increase of the guide offset (namely the distance for guiding the anti-climbing convex teeth to the groove of the other anti-climbing toothed plate in the collision).

The material model and parameters of each part are shown in table 2. The contact between the parts is automatic surface-to-surface contact or automatic single-surface contact.

TABLE 2 Material model and parameters for Components of the anticreeper

For the evaluation of the omnidirectional anti-climbing capability of the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate, taking the working condition of 4 single vertical offset of 25mm as an example, the calculation is solved in an LS-DYNA solver. A simulated pair of a conventional anti-creeper with a omnidirectional anti-creeper with an anti-creeper according to the present invention from the start of the collision to the full collapse four times is shown in fig. 10. It can be seen that the anti-creeper with the omnidirectional anti-creep toothed plate according to the present invention is well guided to center and engage upon impact. Impact force versus time curves in three directions are extracted as shown in figure 11. And when in collision, the horizontal and longitudinal forces of the two anti-creepers are basically consistent. The vertical forces are expressed as: the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate according to the invention initially presents a very large peak impact force which, in an actual collision, forces the anti-climbing device to move vertically to engage and seize, acting to straighten the car body, and the greater the guiding offset (i.e. the distance guiding the anti-climbing toothed plate to the other anti-climbing toothed plate groove in the event of a collision), the greater this force. This is true for all six other conditions, each impacting three-directional force versus time curves such as those shown in FIGS. 12-17. Specific anti-creep evaluation parameters are shown in table 3,

table 3 omnidirectional anti-creep evaluation parameters with omnidirectional anti-creep toothed plate anti-creeper according to the present invention

For the evaluation of the energy absorption performance of the combined 2D-Voronoi tensile energy absorption tube, the structural size of the energy absorption tube is consistent with that in the working condition of the evaluation of the anti-creep performance, which is specifically shown in the following table 4.

The simulation of the collision process is shown in fig. 18, the combined energy-absorbing tube according to the invention forms more uniform and similar plastic hinges due to the progressive buckling deformation in the circular ring mode, and the combined simple circular tube forms fewer plastic hinges and has non-uniform sizes due to the progressive buckling deformation in the mixed circular ring mode and diamond mode.

As shown in FIG. 19, the combined simple round tube has diamond-mode deformation during the compression process, the plastic hinge formed by the deformation mode is larger, the deformation is not sufficient, the force fluctuation is larger, and the energy absorption is relatively less.

TABLE 4 structural dimensions of the model

And the impact characteristics of the anti-creeper provided by the invention under the working condition of combining three bias parameters of vertical, horizontal and inclined are integrally analyzed and evaluated by combining an omnidirectional anti-creeper structure and the energy absorption structure provided by the invention. Under the combined action of the guidance of the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate and the collision of the energy absorption pipes belonging to the two collision anti-climbing devices, as shown in a column diagram of fig. 20, the specific energy absorption of the omnidirectional anti-climbing crushing type anti-climbing device has the lifting rate of more than 14 percent relative to a combined simple circular pipe under seven working conditions; the initial peak force is obviously reduced and is lower than the average load; the effective impact force ratio is improved by more than 68 percent. And different bias working conditions have little influence on the energy absorption effect of the anti-creeper.

Specific data are shown in table 5 below. In addition, the guiding of the anti-creeper omnidirectional anti-creeper toothed plate and the collision condition of the multi-energy-absorbing pipe can reduce the initial peak force of the thin-wall energy-absorbing structure during collision.

TABLE 5 energy absorption Performance Collision evaluation parameters

According to the anti-creeper, the energy absorption tube based on 2D-Voronoi structure stretching is adopted, the randomness, the density, the wall thickness and the boundary shape of the cell distribution of the energy absorption tube can be controlled by parameters, so that the energy absorption capacity can be regulated and controlled, and the anti-creeper can play a role in peak clipping impact force when being matched with the omnidirectional anti-creeper toothed plate during impact. Compared with a simple section combined energy-absorbing circular tube, the anti-creeping device can absorb energy at a lifting ratio, and simultaneously, the initial peak force of impact under seven working conditions is obviously reduced and is lower than the average load.

According to the invention, the structure of the anti-creeper is simple, each part can be completely disassembled, and the inherent performance defect of a welding structure is eliminated.

Claims

1. An omnidirectional anti-creeper is provided with an anti-creeper tooth plate and is characterized in that anti-creeper tooth arrays which are regularly arranged in a chessboard manner are arranged on the anti-creeper tooth plate; each anti-climbing tooth is provided with a top guide section and a bottom meshing section, the top guide section is provided with a conical variable cross-section structure (preferably a pyramid or a cone), and the bottom meshing section is provided with a columnar uniform cross-section structure (preferably a prism or a cylinder); the left side, the right side, the upper side and the lower side of each anti-climbing tooth are provided with concave parts for accommodating the anti-climbing teeth of the collision anti-climbing device.

2. An omnidirectional anti-climbing method is characterized in that an array type series of omnidirectional anti-climbing teeth capable of realizing 'guide-meshing' are arranged on an anti-climbing toothed plate, each anti-climbing tooth is an anti-climbing structure of a combined tooth type of a 'conical head and prism teeth', the conical tooth part at the front end of each anti-climbing tooth plays a role in guiding and centering, and the prism part plays roles in fastening, meshing and impact load transmission, so that even if two vehicles collide with each other under a bias working condition, each anti-climbing tooth can also realize automatic guide centering and firm meshing, and effective anti-climbing capability is realized; the omnidirectional anti-climbing toothed plate can generate a larger initial impact force in the offset direction, and the force can straighten the car body in actual collision and is increased along with the increase of the guide offset (namely, the distance for guiding the anti-climbing convex teeth to the groove of the other anti-climbing toothed plate in collision).

3. An omnidirectional anti-creeper is provided with an energy absorption pipe, and is characterized in that the pipe wall of the energy absorption pipe is not a solid pipe wall any more, but a pipe wall with an irregular porous characteristic (a series of irregular holes with random sizes, shapes and densities) on the cross section is adopted, and the energy absorption effect of the anti-creeper is higher than that of a traditional simple cross-section circular pipe; preferably, the cross section for stretching the stereo energy absorption structure can be composed of random cells with different shapes, sizes and densities, and the sizes, the number and the regular degree of each cell are subjected to structural rigidity and crashworthiness control through parameter adjustment so as to match the energy absorption requirements of different vehicle types, different speed intervals and the like; because the cell walls are all parallel to the impact direction, compared with a three-dimensional foamed aluminum structure, the cell wall structure has more sufficient deformation and higher material utilization rate.

4. An omnidirectional anti-climbing method is characterized in that an energy absorption pipe of the anti-climbing device is changed from a traditional round pipe with a simple section solid pipe wall into a two-dimensional cross section pipe wall with a section with porous characteristics (a series of irregular holes with random sizes, shapes and densities), and the pipe wall is axially stretched by a three-dimensional modeling stretching method to form a three-dimensional thin-wall energy absorption structure; preferably, the series of irregular holes are of a Voronoi structure, the irregular holes are stretched into an energy absorption structure through a 2D-Voronoi plane, the randomness and the density of the distribution of Voronoi stretching cells can be respectively controlled by parameters, and the energy absorption requirement of the anti-creeper on the impact resistance of the structure is further met when vehicles (such as subways, city rails, high-speed trains and the like) with different speed grades collide.

5. The utility model provides an omnidirectional anti-creeper, this anti-creeper has the anti-creeper assembly body, its characterized in that with the traditional welding of complete detachable threaded connection replacement, eliminated welding residual stress, welding deformation to the influence of anti-creeper reliability, improved compactness, ease for use, maintainability etc. of overall assembly structure (prior art does not anticipate the negative effects that welded structure brought for the anti-creeper, and no motivation changes into bolted connection structure).

6. An omnidirectional anti-climbing method is characterized in that traditional welding is replaced by completely detachable threaded connection with respect to an assembly body according to an anti-climbing device, the influence of welding residual stress and welding deformation on the reliability of the anti-climbing device is eliminated, and the compactness, the usability, the replaceability, the maintainability and the like of the whole assembly structure are improved (in the prior art, the negative influence of the welding structure on the anti-climbing device is not expected, the problem is not expected to be solved, and no motivation is changed into a bolt connection structure).

7. The omnidirectional anti-creeper of claim 1, 3 or 5, or the omnidirectional anti-creeper method of claim 2, 4 or 6, wherein the omnidirectional anti-creeper structure employs a structure of rectangular pyramid-square column type teeth, with anti-creeper teeth-grooves alternately in a checkerboard arrangement.

8. The omnidirectional anti-creeper according to claim 1, 3 or 5, wherein an array of omnidirectional anti-creeper teeth capable of achieving 'guide-engagement' are arranged on the anti-creeper toothed plate; the energy absorption pipe of the anti-creeper is changed from a traditional round pipe with a simple section and a solid pipe wall into a pipe wall with a two-dimensional cross section and a porous characteristic in section; and/or the assembly replaces conventional welding with a fully removable threaded connection.

9. The omnidirectional anti-creeper of claim 1, 3 or 5, wherein the height of the quadrangular-pyramid-shaped teeth is smaller than the height of the square-column-shaped teeth, and a projected area of the anti-creeper teeth on the mounting plate is smaller than a projected area of the anti-creeper groove on the mounting plate.

10. The omnidirectional anti-climbing method according to claim 2, 4 or 6, wherein the anti-climbing teeth of one anti-climbing device are used for being engaged with the anti-climbing grooves of the other anti-climbing device, and mutual dislocation is limited under the squeezing action of two-phase colliding trains, so that omnidirectional anti-climbing is realized; even if the anti-climbing teeth of the two anti-climbing devices are in surface contact with each other through the rectangular pyramid-shaped teeth or in unstable contact between points, the anti-climbing teeth of the two anti-climbing devices are guided to slide into the anti-climbing grooves of the opposite anti-climbing devices along with the automatic generation of the propelling of train collision, so that the anti-climbing teeth and the anti-climbing grooves of the two anti-climbing devices can be always meshed with each other, and the function of preventing omnidirectional dislocation is realized.