CN113726199B - Low-output ripple boost rectifier and control method thereof - Google Patents
Low-output ripple boost rectifier and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及电力电子变换器技术领域，尤其涉及一种低输出纹波升压型整流器及其控制方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of power electronic converters, and in particular to a low output ripple boost rectifier and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着现代科学技术的发展，新能源产业正蓬勃发展，而新能源需要转换成电能给设备使用，若一次能源在转换成电能的过程中发生了故障，不仅会造成资源浪费，同时还将导致电力系统和用电设备损坏，因此，必须保证电能质量的可靠性。PWM整流技术在电能变换中承担重要角色，因此，开发高效、高可靠性、高功率密度的整流器，具有很大的现实意义。With the development of modern science and technology, the new energy industry is booming, and new energy needs to be converted into electrical energy for use by equipment. If primary energy fails during the process of converting into electrical energy, it will not only cause a waste of resources, but also cause The power system and electrical equipment are damaged, so the reliability of power quality must be ensured. PWM rectification technology plays an important role in power conversion. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop high-efficiency, high-reliability, and high-power-density rectifiers.
传统的PWM整流电路以桥式拓扑为主，由于一个桥臂上的两个功率开关管直接串联，存在桥臂直通的隐患，影响系统的可靠性。另外，传统的桥式整流电路，在功率开关管关断时，电感电流通过开关管的体二极管续流，随着开关频率的提高，功率开关管体二极管的反向恢复问题趋于严重，反向恢复损耗在变换器总损耗中的比重大幅增加，在对电源可靠性要求更高的场合下，需要一种高效率，高可靠性的整流电路。Traditional PWM rectifier circuits are mainly based on bridge topology. Since two power switch tubes on one bridge arm are directly connected in series, there is a hidden danger of bridge arm shoot-through, which affects the reliability of the system. In addition, in the traditional bridge rectifier circuit, when the power switch is turned off, the inductor current freewheels through the body diode of the switch. As the switching frequency increases, the reverse recovery problem of the body diode of the power switch becomes more serious. The proportion of recovery loss in the total loss of the converter has increased significantly. In situations where higher power supply reliability is required, a high-efficiency and high-reliability rectifier circuit is required.
近年来，针对如何解整流器直流母线二次谐波的问题，国内外广大学者对整流谐波装置进行了诸多研究。文献《The Research of Single-phase PWM Rectifier Based onDirect Current Control Technology》，在整流器直流母线端并联LC谐振电路来滤除直流母线电压中的高次谐波部分，然而在单相系统中为了消除二次谐波，所用的滤波电感和电容数值依然很大，尤其是电感加入后体积变大。同时，需要对电感和电容的参数进行精确计算，一旦电网频率出现偏差，系统补偿效果会变差。In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have conducted many studies on rectifier harmonic devices to solve the problem of how to solve the second harmonic of the rectifier DC bus. According to the document "The Research of Single-phase PWM Rectifier Based on Direct Current Control Technology", an LC resonant circuit is connected in parallel at the DC bus end of the rectifier to filter out the high-order harmonics in the DC bus voltage. However, in a single-phase system, in order to eliminate the secondary For harmonics, the filter inductor and capacitor values used are still very large, especially after the inductor is added, the volume becomes larger. At the same time, the parameters of the inductor and capacitor need to be accurately calculated. Once the grid frequency deviates, the system compensation effect will become worse.
发明内容Contents of the invention
1.发明要解决的技术问题1. The technical problem to be solved by the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种低输出纹波升压型整流器及其控制方法，本发明的变换器能够克服传统桥式整流电路存在桥臂直通隐患和开关管体二极管参与工作的缺点，还可以抑制直流侧电压中的二次谐波。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low output ripple boost rectifier and a control method thereof. The converter of the present invention can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional bridge rectifier circuit, such as the hidden danger of bridge arm shoot-through and the involvement of the switching tube body diode in the work, and can also Suppress the second harmonic in the DC side voltage.
2.技术方案2.Technical solutions
为达到上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solutions provided by the present invention are:
本发明的一种低输出纹波升压型整流器，包括主电路和滤波电路，所述的主电路包括功率开关管S1、S2，电感L1、L2，电容C1、C2，二极管D1和D2；交流电源Uin的参考正端与电感L1和L2的一端连接，电感L1另一端与二极管D1阴极相连，电感L2的另一端与二极管D2阳极相连，二极管D1阳极分别与功率开关管S2的端子2、电容C2的一端接于节点B；二极管D2阴极分别与功率开关管S1的端子1、电容C1的一端接于节点A；电容C1和C2的另一端连接交流电源Uin的参考负端；其中，功率开关管S1和S2的两端反并联二极管；节点A和B形成输出端；所述的滤波电路接于节点A和B之间。A low output ripple boost rectifier of the present invention includes a main circuit and a filter circuit. The main circuit includes power switch tubes S 1 and S 2 , inductors L 1 and L 2 , and capacitors C 1 and C 2 . Diodes D 1 and D 2 ; the reference positive end of the AC power supply U in is connected to one end of the inductor L 1 and L 2 , the other end of the inductor L 1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D 1, and the other end of the inductor L 2 is connected to the anode of the diode D 2 , the anode of diode D 1 is connected to terminal 2 of power switch S 2 and one end of capacitor C 2 to node B respectively; the cathode of diode D 2 is connected to terminal 1 of power switch S 1 and one end of capacitor C 1 to node A respectively. ; The other ends of the capacitors C 1 and C 2 are connected to the reference negative terminal of the AC power supply U in ; wherein, diodes are connected in anti-parallel at both ends of the power switch tubes S 1 and S 2 ; nodes A and B form the output end; the filter circuit Connected between nodes A and B.
更进一步地，所述的滤波电路为有源滤波电路，包括电感L3、电容C3、功率开关管S3和S4，电感L3一端与节点A连接，另一端与功率开关管S4的2端和功率开关管S3的1端连接，电容C3一端与节点B连接，另一端与功率开关管S4的1端连接，功率开关管S3的2端与节点B连接。Furthermore, the filter circuit is an active filter circuit, including an inductor L 3 , a capacitor C 3 , and power switches S 3 and S 4 . One end of the inductor L 3 is connected to node A, and the other end is connected to the power switch S 4 The 2nd end of the capacitor C is connected to the 1st end of the power switch S 3 , one end of the capacitor C 3 is connected to the node B, the other end is connected to the 1st end of the power switch S 4 , and the 2nd end of the power switch S 3 is connected to the node B.
更进一步地，所述二极管D1和D2为快恢复二极管。Furthermore, the diodes D 1 and D 2 are fast recovery diodes.
更进一步地，所述的节点A和B之间还连接有负载R。Furthermore, a load R is also connected between the nodes A and B.
本发明的一种低输出纹波升压型整流器的控制方法，其特征在于：整流器在正弦调制波正负半波内的工作原理相同；The invention provides a control method for a low output ripple boost rectifier, which is characterized in that: the rectifier works on the same principle within the positive and negative half-waves of the sinusoidal modulation wave;
在输入电源正半周期内，当调制波大于载波时，控制功率开关管S2导通，S1断开，交流电源Uin和电容C2通过开关管S2给电感L2充电，流过电感L2的电流IL2增加，电容C1放电，给负载R供电；In the positive half cycle of the input power supply, when the modulation wave is larger than the carrier wave, the power switch S 2 is controlled to be turned on and S 1 is turned off. The AC power supply U in and the capacitor C 2 charge the inductor L 2 through the switch tube S 2 and flows through The current I L2 of the inductor L 2 increases, the capacitor C 1 discharges, and supplies power to the load R;
当调制波小于载波时，控制功率开关管S1关断，S2断开，二极管D2导通，电容C2放电，给负载R供电。When the modulation wave is smaller than the carrier wave, the power switch S1 is controlled to be turned off, S2 is disconnected, the diode D2 is turned on, and the capacitor C2 is discharged to supply power to the load R.
在输入电源负半周期内，当调制波大于载波时，控制功率开关管S1导通，S2断开，交流电源Uin和电容C1通过开关管S1给电感L1充电，流过电感L1的电流IL1增加，电容C2放电，给负载R供电；In the negative half cycle of the input power supply, when the modulation wave is larger than the carrier wave, the power switch S 1 is controlled to be turned on and S 2 is turned off. The AC power supply U in and the capacitor C 1 charge the inductor L 1 through the switch tube S 1 and flows through The current I L1 of the inductor L 1 increases, the capacitor C 2 discharges, and supplies power to the load R;
当调制波小于载波时，控制功率开关管S2断开，S1断开，二极管D1导通，电容C1放电，给负载供电。When the modulation wave is smaller than the carrier wave, the power switch S2 is controlled to be turned off, S1 is turned off, the diode D1 is turned on, and the capacitor C1 is discharged to supply power to the load.
更进一步地，所述的滤波电路控制与主电路控制相互独立；在电感L3的电流IL3大于0时，当调制波大于载波时，功率开关管S4关断，S3导通；功率开关管S3，电感L3和负载R组成闭合回路，电感L3放电，电流IL3通过功率开关管S3体二极管续流注入直流母线；Furthermore, the filter circuit control and the main circuit control are independent of each other; when the current I L3 of the inductor L 3 is greater than 0, and when the modulation wave is greater than the carrier wave, the power switch S 4 is turned off and S 3 is turned on; Switch S 3 , inductor L 3 and load R form a closed loop, inductor L 3 discharges, and current I L3 is injected into the DC bus through freewheeling through the body diode of power switch S 3 ;
当调制波小于载波时，功率开关管S4导通，S3关断；电容C3、功率开关管S4、电感L3和负载R组成闭合回路，电容C3放电，电感L3充电，电流IL3通过功率开关管S4注入直流母线；When the modulation wave is smaller than the carrier wave, the power switch S 4 is turned on and S 3 is turned off; the capacitor C 3 , the power switch S 4 , the inductor L 3 and the load R form a closed loop, the capacitor C 3 is discharged and the inductor L 3 is charged. Current I L3 is injected into the DC bus through the power switch S 4 ;
所述的直流母线为节点A-电容C1-电容C2-节点B支路。The DC bus is node A-capacitor C 1 -capacitor C 2 -node B branch.
在电感L3的电流IL3小于0时，当调制波大于载波时，功率开关管S3导通，S4闭合，功率开关管S3和直流母线组成闭合回路，电流从直流母线A端通过电感L3和功率开关管S3流向直流母线B端，母线上能量通过S3注入电感L3，电感L3储能；When the current I L3 of the inductor L 3 is less than 0, and when the modulation wave is larger than the carrier wave, the power switch S 3 is turned on and S 4 is closed. The power switch S 3 and the DC bus form a closed loop, and the current passes through the A terminal of the DC bus. The inductor L 3 and the power switch tube S 3 flow to the DC bus terminal B, the energy on the bus is injected into the inductor L 3 through S 3 , and the inductor L 3 stores energy;
当调制波小于载波时，功率开关管S3闭合，S4导通；电感L3、电容C3、功率开关管S4和直流母线组成闭合回路，电流IL3通过直流母线A端通过电感L3、功率开关管S4体二极管和电容C3流向直流母线B端，电感L3释放能量，电容C3存储能量。When the modulation wave is smaller than the carrier wave, the power switch S 3 is closed and S 4 is turned on; the inductor L 3 , capacitor C 3 , the power switch S 4 and the DC bus form a closed loop, and the current I L3 passes through the A end of the DC bus through the inductor L 3. The body diode of the power switch tube S4 and the capacitor C3 flow to the DC bus terminal B, the inductor L3 releases energy, and the capacitor C3 stores energy.
3.有益效果3. Beneficial effects
采用本发明提供的技术方案，与已有的公知技术相比，具有如下显著效果：The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following significant effects compared with the existing known technology:
(1)本发明的一种低输出纹波升压型整流器，属于集成式整流器，利用功率器件的复用技术，显著减少了整流器的元件数量，降低了系统成本并提高了集成度，电路占用空间小；工作过程中无功率开关管的体二极管参与，开关损耗小，效率高、成本低，工作寿命长。(1) A low-output ripple boost-type rectifier of the present invention is an integrated rectifier. It utilizes the multiplexing technology of power devices to significantly reduce the number of components of the rectifier, reduce system costs, and improve integration and circuit occupancy. The space is small; there is no body diode of the power switch tube involved in the working process, the switching loss is small, the efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the working life is long.
(2)本发明一种低输出纹波升压型整流器具有较高的升压能力，通过控制2个功率开关管S1和S2的导通与关断，既能实现升压又能实现整流功能，输出直流母线电压大于输入电源峰值电压的两倍，适用于高压大功率场合；整流器采用电压电流双闭环控制，具有高精度和快速动态响应的优点。(2) A low-output ripple boost-type rectifier of the present invention has a high voltage-boosting capability. By controlling the on and off of two power switching tubes S1 and S2 , it can achieve both voltage boosting and Rectification function, the output DC bus voltage is greater than twice the peak voltage of the input power supply, suitable for high-voltage and high-power applications; the rectifier adopts voltage and current double closed-loop control, which has the advantages of high precision and fast dynamic response.
(3)本发明的一种低输出纹波升压型整流器的控制方法，在两个升压型桥臂单元根据输入电流的正负情况轮流工作，每半个工频周期内仅有一个功率开关管高频工作，减小了开关管的损耗；将交流侧传输到直流侧功率中的谐波分量传输到滤波电路的电感电容中，从而减小直流侧电容的电压波动，同时也使得电流环的实际电流中不含有谐波成分；本发明采用有源滤波，极大的减小了直流母线侧电容容量，以及滤波电路电感和电容的大小，减小系统损耗。(3) In the control method of a low output ripple boost rectifier of the present invention, the two boost bridge arm units work in turn according to the positive and negative conditions of the input current, and there is only one power in each half of the power frequency cycle. The switching tube works at high frequency, which reduces the loss of the switching tube; the harmonic components in the power transmitted from the AC side to the DC side are transmitted to the inductor and capacitor of the filter circuit, thereby reducing the voltage fluctuation of the DC side capacitor and at the same time making the current The actual current of the ring does not contain harmonic components; the present invention adopts active filtering, which greatly reduces the DC bus side capacitance, the size of the filter circuit inductance and capacitance, and reduces system losses.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明的整体电路图；Figure 1 is an overall circuit diagram of the present invention;
图2是本发明主电路的电路结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of the main circuit of the present invention;
图3是本发明滤波电路的电路结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of the filter circuit of the present invention;
图4是本发明主电路工作模态一示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the working mode of the main circuit of the present invention;
图5是本发明主电路工作模态二示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the second working mode of the main circuit of the present invention;
图6是本发明主电路工作模态三示意图；Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of three working modes of the main circuit of the present invention;
图7是本发明主电路工作模态四示意图；Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of four working modes of the main circuit of the present invention;
图8是本发明滤波电路工作模态一示意图；Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the working mode of the filter circuit of the present invention;
图9是本发明滤波电路工作模态二示意图；Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the second working mode of the filter circuit of the present invention;
图10是本发明滤波电路工作模态三示意图；Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of three working modes of the filter circuit of the present invention;
图11是本发明滤波电路工作模态四示意图；Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of four working modes of the filter circuit of the present invention;
图12是本发明主电路的控制电路框图；Figure 12 is a control circuit block diagram of the main circuit of the present invention;
图13是本发明滤波电路的控制电路框图；Figure 13 is a control circuit block diagram of the filter circuit of the present invention;
图14是本发明主电路的输入电压、输入电流、电感电流以及驱动波形示意图；Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the input voltage, input current, inductor current and drive waveform of the main circuit of the present invention;
图15是本发明主电路的输出电压波形示意图；Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the output voltage waveform of the main circuit of the present invention;
图16是本发明滤波电路的谐波电流波形示意图；Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the harmonic current waveform of the filter circuit of the present invention;
图17是本发明滤波电路的输出电压波形示意图。Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the output voltage waveform of the filter circuit of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为进一步了解本发明的内容，结合附图和实施例对本发明作详细描述。In order to further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
结合图1和图2，本实施例的一种低输出纹波升压型整流器，其主电路包括功率开关管S1、S2，电感L1、L2，电容C1、C2，二极管D1和D2；交流电源Uin的参考正端与电感L1和L2的一端连接，电感L1的另一端与二极管D1阴极相连，电感L2的另一端与二极管D2阳极相连，二极管D1阳极分别与功率开关管S2的端子2、电容C2的一端接于节点B；二极管D2阴极分别与功率开关管S1的端子1、电容C1的一端接于节点A；电容C1和C2的另一端连接交流电源Uin的参考负端；其中，功率开关管S1、S2的两端反并联二极管。节点A和B形成输出端。Combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2, the main circuit of a low output ripple boost rectifier in this embodiment includes power switch transistors S 1 and S 2 , inductors L 1 and L 2 , capacitors C 1 and C 2 , and diodes. D 1 and D 2 ; the reference positive terminal of the AC power supply U in is connected to one end of the inductor L 1 and L 2 , the other end of the inductor L 1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D 1 , and the other end of the inductor L 2 is connected to the anode of the diode D 2 , the anode of diode D 1 is connected to terminal 2 of power switch S 2 and one end of capacitor C 2 to node B respectively; the cathode of diode D 2 is connected to terminal 1 of power switch S 1 and one end of capacitor C 1 to node A respectively. ; The other ends of the capacitors C 1 and C 2 are connected to the reference negative terminal of the AC power supply U in ; among them, diodes are connected in anti-parallel at both ends of the power switch tubes S 1 and S 2 . Nodes A and B form the output terminals.
图12为本实施例的主电路所采用的控制电路框图，采用电压电流双闭环控制，即基准电压Uref和输出电压U0采样值比较，经误差放大器得到误差电压信号Ue，误差电压信号Ue与输入电压Uin采样值相乘，得到电流环的基准Iref，将输入电流Iin反馈信号与基准电流Iref比较，由PI调节器进行调节后与高频三角波比较，产生高频脉冲信号，再经过逻辑电路，最终输出功率开关管S1，S2的驱动信号。Figure 12 is a control circuit block diagram used in the main circuit of this embodiment. It adopts voltage and current double closed-loop control, that is, the reference voltage U ref and the output voltage U 0 sample value are compared, and the error voltage signal U e is obtained through the error amplifier. The error voltage signal U e is multiplied by the sampled value of input voltage U in to obtain the reference I ref of the current loop. The input current I in feedback signal is compared with the reference current I ref . After being adjusted by the PI regulator, it is compared with the high-frequency triangle wave to generate a high-frequency The pulse signal then passes through the logic circuit and finally outputs the driving signal of the power switch tubes S 1 and S 2 .
图14和15为本实施例主电路的仿真波形，仿真参数如下：输入电压220V/50HZ，输出电压800V，输出功率2KW，由输入电压波形Uin和输入电流Iin可以看出，输入电流可以很好的跟踪输入电压，整流器工作在单位功率因数下，但输出电压纹波大，需要采用滤波电路抑制纹波。由两个电感电流IL1和IL2以及功率开关管S1和S2的驱动波形可以看出，两个功率开关管S1，S2在输入电压的正负半个周期内轮流工作。其工作模态包括模态一、模态二、模态三，模态四，详细情况如下：Figures 14 and 15 show the simulation waveforms of the main circuit of this embodiment. The simulation parameters are as follows: input voltage 220V/50HZ, output voltage 800V, output power 2KW. It can be seen from the input voltage waveform U in and input current I in that the input current can The input voltage is tracked very well, and the rectifier works at unit power factor, but the output voltage ripple is large, and a filter circuit is required to suppress the ripple. It can be seen from the drive waveforms of the two inductor currents I L1 and IL2 and the power switch tubes S 1 and S 2 that the two power switch tubes S 1 and S 2 work in turn within the positive and negative half cycles of the input voltage. Its working modes include mode one, mode two, mode three, and mode four. The details are as follows:
模态一Mode 1
如图4所示，在输入电源正半周期内，当调制波大于载波时，功率开关管S1关断，二极管D1，D2关断，S2导通。输入电压Uin、电感L2、功率开关管S2和电容C2形成闭合回路。交流电源Uin和电容C2通过开关管S2给电感L2充电，流过电感L2的电流IL2增加，电容C1放电，给负载R供电。As shown in Figure 4, during the positive half cycle of the input power supply, when the modulation wave is larger than the carrier wave, the power switch S1 is turned off, the diodes D1 and D2 are turned off, and S2 is turned on. The input voltage U in , inductor L 2 , power switch S 2 and capacitor C 2 form a closed loop. The AC power supply U in and capacitor C 2 charge the inductor L 2 through the switch tube S 2. The current I L2 flowing through the inductor L 2 increases, and the capacitor C 1 discharges to supply power to the load R.
模态二Mode 2
如图5所示，在输入电源正半周期内，当调制波小于载波时，功率开关管S1关断，S2关断，二极管D1关断，二极管D2打开，输入电源Uin、电感L2、二极管D2和电容C1形成闭合回路，流过电感L2的电流IL2减小。电容C2放电，给负载R供电。As shown in Figure 5, during the positive half cycle of the input power supply, when the modulation wave is smaller than the carrier wave, the power switch S1 is turned off, S2 is turned off, the diode D1 is turned off, the diode D2 is turned on, and the input power supply U in , Inductor L 2 , diode D 2 and capacitor C 1 form a closed loop, and the current I L2 flowing through the inductor L 2 decreases. Capacitor C 2 discharges and supplies power to load R.
模态三Mode three
如图6所示，在输入电源负半周期内，当调制波大于载波时，功率开关管S2关断，二极管D1，D2关断，S1导通，输入电压Uin、电感L1、功率开关管S1和电容C1形成闭合回路。交流电源Uin和电容C1通过开关管S1给电感L1充电，流过电感L1的电流IL1增加，电容C2放电，给负载供电。As shown in Figure 6, during the negative half cycle of the input power supply, when the modulation wave is larger than the carrier wave, the power switch S 2 is turned off, the diodes D 1 and D 2 are turned off, S 1 is turned on, and the input voltage U in and the inductor L 1. The power switch S 1 and the capacitor C 1 form a closed loop. The AC power supply U in and the capacitor C 1 charge the inductor L 1 through the switching tube S 1. The current I L1 flowing through the inductor L 1 increases, and the capacitor C 2 discharges to supply power to the load.
模态四Mode four
如图7所示，在输入电源负半周期内，当调制波小于载波时，功率开关管S1关断，S2关断，二极管D2关断，二极管D1打开，输入电源Uin、电感L1、二极管D1和电容C2形成闭合回路，流过电感L1的电流IL1减小。电容C1放电，给负载供电。As shown in Figure 7, during the negative half cycle of the input power supply, when the modulation wave is smaller than the carrier wave, the power switch S1 is turned off, S2 is turned off, the diode D2 is turned off, the diode D1 is turned on, and the input power supply U in , Inductor L 1 , diode D 1 and capacitor C 2 form a closed loop, and the current IL1 flowing through inductor L 1 decreases. Capacitor C 1 discharges and supplies power to the load.
图3是本实施例中滤波电路的结构示意图，包括电感L3和电容C3，功率开关管S3和S4，电感L3一端与节点A连接，另一端与功率开关管S4的2端和功率开关管S3的1端连接，电容C3一端与节点B连接，另一端与功率开关管S4的1端连接，功率开关管S3的2端与节点B连接。Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the filter circuit in this embodiment, including an inductor L 3 , a capacitor C 3 , and power switch transistors S 3 and S 4. One end of the inductor L 3 is connected to node A, and the other end is connected to node 2 of the power switch transistor S 4 . The capacitor C 3 has one end connected to the node B and the other end connected to the power switch S 4 . The capacitor C 3 has a terminal 2 connected to the node B.
图13为本实施例滤波电路所采用的控制电路框图，它独立于主电路控制之外，采用电压电流双闭环控制，对于电压环，取电容C3上的电压UC3作为电压外环控制对象，与期望电压比较后通过PI调节，再利用功率平衡计算出主电路直流侧需要补偿的期望电流参考值IL3*，控制的关键在于电压环跟踪电容侧C3电压，并输出补偿主电路直流侧的谐波的期望电流IL3，同时电流环让直流侧谐波电流达到该电流期望值。Figure 13 is a block diagram of the control circuit used in the filter circuit of this embodiment. It is independent of the main circuit control and adopts voltage and current double closed-loop control. For the voltage loop, the voltage U C3 on the capacitor C 3 is taken as the voltage outer loop control object. , after comparing with the expected voltage, adjust it through PI, and then use the power balance to calculate the expected current reference value IL3* that needs to be compensated on the DC side of the main circuit. The key to control is that the voltage loop tracks the capacitor side C3 voltage and outputs the compensated main circuit DC The expected current I L3 of the harmonics on the DC side, and at the same time, the current loop allows the harmonic current on the DC side to reach the expected current value.
图16和图17为加入有源滤波后整流器仿真波形，图15为直流侧谐波电流IL3和期望值IL3*的波形，图中可以看出，谐波电流跟踪期望电流，图16为滤波前输出电压波形和滤波后输出电压波形，可以看出输出直流电压纹波明显减小，滤波效果很好，仿真实例达到预期效果，验证了本发明提出的有源滤波电路控制电路是正确可行的。滤波电路模态包括模态一、模态二、模态三，模态四，详细情况如下：Figures 16 and 17 show the simulated waveforms of the rectifier after adding active filtering. Figure 15 shows the waveforms of the DC side harmonic current I L3 and the expected value I L3* . It can be seen from the figure that the harmonic current tracks the expected current. Figure 16 shows the filtering From the front output voltage waveform and the filtered output voltage waveform, it can be seen that the output DC voltage ripple is significantly reduced, the filtering effect is very good, and the simulation example achieves the expected effect, verifying that the active filter circuit control circuit proposed by the present invention is correct and feasible. . The filter circuit modes include mode one, mode two, mode three, and mode four. The details are as follows:
模态一Mode 1
如图8所示，电感电流IL3大于0，当调制波大于载波时，功率开关管S4关断，S3导通；功率开关管S3，电感L3和负载R组成闭合回路，电感L3放电，电流IL3通过功率开关管S3体二极管续流注入直流母线。As shown in Figure 8, the inductor current I L3 is greater than 0. When the modulation wave is greater than the carrier wave, the power switch S 4 is turned off and S 3 is turned on; the power switch S 3 , the inductor L 3 and the load R form a closed loop, and the inductor L3 is discharged, and the current I L3 is injected into the DC bus through freewheeling of the body diode of the power switch S3 .
模态二Mode 2
如图9所示，电感电流IL3大于0，当调制波小于载波时，功率开关管S4导通，S3关断；电容C3、功率开关管S4、电感L3和负载R组成闭合回路，电容C3放电，电感L3充电，电流IL3通过功率开关管S4注入直流母线。其中直流母线为节点A-电容C1-电容C2-节点B支路。As shown in Figure 9, the inductor current I L3 is greater than 0. When the modulation wave is smaller than the carrier wave, the power switch S 4 is turned on and S 3 is turned off; it consists of capacitor C 3 , power switch S 4 , inductor L 3 and load R. In a closed loop, the capacitor C 3 is discharged, the inductor L 3 is charged, and the current I L3 is injected into the DC bus through the power switch S 4 . The DC bus is node A-capacitor C 1 -capacitor C 2 -node B branch.
模态三Mode three
如图10所示，电感电流IL3小于0，当调制波大于载波时，功率开关管S3导通，S4闭合，功率开关管S3和直流母线组成闭合回路，电流从直流母线A端通过电感L3和功率开关管S3流向直流母线B端，母线上能量通过S3注入电感L3，电感L3储能。As shown in Figure 10, the inductor current I L3 is less than 0. When the modulation wave is larger than the carrier wave, the power switch S3 is turned on and S4 is closed. The power switch S3 and the DC bus form a closed loop. The current flows from the DC bus terminal A. It flows to terminal B of the DC bus through the inductor L 3 and the power switch S 3 . The energy on the bus is injected into the inductor L 3 through S 3 , and the inductor L 3 stores energy .
模态四Mode four
如图11所示，电感电流IL3小于0，当调制波小于载波时，功率开关管S3闭合，S4导通；电感L3、电容C3、功率开关管S4和直流母线组成闭合回路，电流IL3通过直流母线A端通过电感L3、功率开关管S4体二极管和电容C3流向直流母线B端，电感L3释放能量，电容C3存储能量。As shown in Figure 11, the inductor current I L3 is less than 0. When the modulation wave is less than the carrier wave, the power switch S 3 is closed and S 4 is turned on; the inductor L 3 , capacitor C 3 , power switch S 4 and DC bus are closed. In the loop, the current I L3 flows through the DC bus terminal A to the DC bus terminal B through the inductor L 3 , power switch tube S 4 body diode and capacitor C 3 . The inductor L 3 releases energy and the capacitor C 3 stores energy.
本实施例具有以下优点：This embodiment has the following advantages:
1、与传统的桥式整流电路相比，无桥臂直通问题，无开关管体二极管反向恢复问题；1. Compared with the traditional bridge rectifier circuit, there is no bridge arm shoot-through problem and no switch body diode reverse recovery problem;
2、本实施例主电路采用电压电流双闭环控制，动态响应快，输入电流功率因数高，输出电压稳定，对电源及负载的波动具有较强的抑制能力；2. The main circuit of this embodiment adopts voltage and current double closed-loop control, with fast dynamic response, high input current power factor, stable output voltage, and strong ability to suppress fluctuations in power supply and load;
3、本实施例调制方式为半周期单极性调制，每半个工频周期内仅有一只功率开关管高频工作，开关管的损耗小；3. The modulation method of this embodiment is half-cycle unipolar modulation. Only one power switch tube operates at high frequency in each half of the power frequency cycle, and the loss of the switch tube is small;
4、本实施例的电路具有较高的升压能力，输出直流母线电压大于输入电源峰值电压的两倍，适用于高压大功率场合；4. The circuit of this embodiment has a high voltage boosting capability, and the output DC bus voltage is greater than twice the peak voltage of the input power supply, making it suitable for high-voltage and high-power applications;
5、本实施例的滤波电路控制方式独立于主电路之外，补偿电流跟踪期望值，输出电压纹波小，电流环的实际电流中不含有谐波成分；5. The filter circuit control method of this embodiment is independent of the main circuit, the compensation current tracks the expected value, the output voltage ripple is small, and the actual current of the current loop does not contain harmonic components;
6、本实施例采用有源滤波，极大的减小了直流母线侧电容容量，以及滤波电路电感和电容的大小，减小系统损耗。6. This embodiment uses active filtering, which greatly reduces the DC bus side capacitance, as well as the size of the filter circuit inductor and capacitor, and reduces system losses.
以上示意性的对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述，该描述没有限制性，附图中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一，实际的结构并不局限于此。所以，如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示，在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下，不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例，均应属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention and its embodiments have been schematically described above. This description is not limiting. What is shown in the drawings is only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person of ordinary skill in the art is inspired by the invention and without departing from the spirit of the invention, can devise structural methods and embodiments similar to the technical solution without inventiveness, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the invention. .
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