CN113711848B - Mixed soil for cultivating poria cocos and poria cocos cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses mixed soil for cultivating poria cocos, wherein the pH value of the mixed soil is 4-6.5, and the mixed soil comprises the following raw materials: sandy soil and additives, wherein the additives are crushed pine tree attachments or stable manure. The invention also discloses a poria cocos cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: placing the pine segments inoculated with Poria cocos bacteria on the mixed soil layer for Poria cocos cultivation; then covering pine segments with the mixed soil or yellow sandy soil for cultivating the poria; regulating temperature and relative humidity to grow nodularity. The raw materials of the mixed soil are cheap and easy to obtain, and the outer skin of the sclerotium of the poria cocos is white, so that the appearance of the sclerotium is improved, and the quality of the poria cocos is improved; after the production period of the poria cocos is finished, the mixed soil is replaced, so that the problem of continuous cropping can be avoided; the cultivation method can realize industrial cultivation and avoid the interference of factors such as climate and the like.

Description

A kind of mixed soil for poria cocos cultivation, poria cocos cultivation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of poria cocos, in particular to a mixed soil for poria cocos cultivation and a method for poria cocos cultivation.

Background technique

Poria cocos has nutritional and nourishing value. It is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in my country, and Poria cocos fungus is also an important pine wood decay fungus. With the rapid rise and development of Poria cocos industry, the planting area continues to expand.

At present, the traditional Poria cocos cultivation method is to use the masson pine wood section as the main raw material, inoculate Poria cocos and bury it in the soil, grow and form cocos to obtain Poria cocos sclerotia. But the Poria sclerotia cortex obtained by the traditional Poria cocos cultivation method is often black or dark brown with silt, the appearance is not good, and the cortex needs to be removed during use; there is also the problem of continuous cropping, resulting in low yield of Poria cocos. In addition, the traditional Poria cultivation method using masson pine wood sections as the main raw material will limit the cultivation methods and cultivation time of Poria cocos, and it is difficult to realize standardization, standardization and large-scale factory cultivation, and the quality of Poria cocos is not high.

Contents of the invention

Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes a mixed soil for Poria cocos cultivation and a method for Poria cocos cultivation. The raw materials of the mixed soil in the present invention are cheap and easy to obtain, and the outer skin of the obtained Poria cocos sclerotium is white, which improves the appearance of the sclerotia , improve the quality of Poria cocos; after the production cycle of Poria cocos is over, the problem of continuous cropping can be avoided by replacing the mixed soil; and the cultivation method of the present invention can realize factory cultivation and avoid the interference of factors such as climate.

The invention provides a mixed soil for poria cocos cultivation. The pH of the mixed soil is 4-6.5. The raw materials of the mixed soil include: sandy soil and additives, wherein the additives are crushed pine tree appendages or manure.

Stable manure is also called pen manure and barn manure. It refers to the manure made of livestock manure mixed with various gasket materials. The gasket materials can be straw, weeds, fallen leaves, peat and dry soil. Stable manure is divided into internal accumulation system and external accumulation system; the internal accumulation system is to sprinkle the gasket material directly into the pen to absorb the excrement and urine, and the accumulation system is formed; the external accumulation system is to clear the livestock excrement and urine out of the enclosure Stacked and decomposed layer by layer with the gasket material; the above-mentioned manure is preferably pigsty manure.

Preferably, the weight ratio of sand and additives is 1:0.5-1.

Preferably, the pine tree appendages are at least one of pine chips, pine cones, pine needles, pine branches, pine blocks, and pine roots.

The above-mentioned pine tree appendage, its pine tree can be masson pine, Simao pine, red pine, Huangshan pine, Huashan pine, five-needle pine and the like.

Preferably, the moisture content of the addenda is 10-20%.

Preferably, the water content of the sandy soil is 30-40%.

Preferably, at least one of slaked lime, wood ash, sulfur, aluminum sulfate and additives is used to adjust the pH.

When the soil acidity is too strong, when the pH value is to be increased, hydrated lime (commonly known as calcium hydroxide) and wood ash can be used to adjust the pH; generally the mixed soil layer with a thickness of 10-20cm, the addition of hydrated lime is about 0.5kg/m ² ; To lower the pH value, you can use additives, sulfur, and aluminum sulfate to adjust the pH.

Preferably, the sandy soil is yellow sandy soil.

The invention also discloses a method for cultivating Poria cocos, comprising the following steps:

The pine section inoculated with Poria cocos is placed on the above-mentioned mixed soil layer for Poria cocos cultivation; then the pine section is covered with the above-mentioned mixed soil or yellow sand soil for Poria cocos cultivation; temperature and relative humidity are adjusted to grow cocos.

In the above Poria cocos cultivation method, the pine trees of the pine section can be Masson pine, Simao pine, red pine, Huangshan pine, Huashan pine, five-needle pine, etc.; the above-mentioned pine section can also be a pine section compressed with pine appendages.

Preferably, the thickness of the mixed soil layer for Poria cocos cultivation is 5-10 cm.

Preferably, the covering thickness is 5-10 cm.

Preferably, the temperature is adjusted to 28-32° C., and the relative humidity is 60-70% to grow and form lings.

In the above-mentioned Poria cocos cultivation method, sandy soil layer (thickness preferred 10-20cm), waterproof membrane can be laid successively below the mixed soil layer for Poria cocos cultivation, and waterproof membrane can also be directly laid below the mixed soil layer for Poria cocos cultivation; The intrusion of water will affect the growth of Poria cocos.

The above-mentioned waterproof membrane can be anti-seepage waterproof membrane HDPE geomembrane, PE thickened transparent plastic film waterproof cloth, etc.

The strains of Poria in the present invention can be Wolfiporia cocos 5.78, Wolfiporia cocos YX1 and the like.

Wolfiporia cocos (Wolfiporia cocos) 5.78 is preserved in CGMCC, Chinese Academy of Sciences Microorganism Culture Collection Management Center, and Wolfiporia cocos (Wolfiporia cocos) 5.78 is a strain commonly used by farmers who grow Poria cocos nationwide.

Poria cocos (Wolfiporia cocos) YX1 is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection, and its preservation number is CCTCCNO: M2021434.

The indoor cultivation of Poria cocos can be managed by the standardized GAP planting method of medicinal fungi.

Beneficial effect:

1. the present invention selects sandy soil and additive to cooperate with each other to obtain mixed soil, coats and inoculates the pine section of Poria cocos with mixed soil; perhaps the lower floor of the pine section inoculated with Poria cocos is provided with mixed soil, and the upper layer covers yellow sandy soil, which can provide for the growth of Poria cocos Nutrients, improve the quality of Poria cocos, and make the sclerotia of Poria cocos white, and the sclerotia is not mixed with silt, improve the appearance and quality of the sclerotia, and do not need to remove the outer skin during use; and after the production cycle of Poria cocos, the mixed soil can be replaced to avoid The problem of continuous cropping; and the raw materials for mixing soil are cheap and easy to get.

2. The traditional pine segment cultivation method is generally to inoculate the sclerotia in the pine segment from April to May, and pick 2 stubbles of poria cocos a year. The inoculation and cultivation are limited by climate, temperature, and time, so it is difficult to realize industrialization, and the output is easily affected by the outside world. Interference with factors such as climate. However, the present invention can realize indoor cultivation and continuous cultivation, and its inoculation and cultivation are not limited by climate, temperature and time, can realize factory cultivation, and can avoid the interference of factors such as climate.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the picture when embodiment 3 knots.

Fig. 2 is the picture when embodiment 4 knots.

Fig. 3 is the picture when comparative example 1 is knotted.

Detailed ways

Below, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail through specific examples.

Example 1

A mixed soil for poria cocos cultivation, its raw materials include: sandy soil with a water content of 40% and pine sawdust with a water content of 10%, wherein the weight ratio of sandy soil and pine sawdust is 1:1; add slaked lime and mix well, After standing for 2-3 days, use pH test paper to test the pH of the mixed soil to be 6.0-6.5.

The above-mentioned pine sawdust can be replaced with pine appendages such as crushed pine cones, pine needles, pine branches, pine blocks, pine roots and the like.

Example 2

A mixed soil for poria cocos cultivation, the raw materials of which include: sandy soil with a water content of 30% and pigsty manure with a water content of 20%, wherein the weight ratio of sandy soil and pigsty manure is 1:0.5; slaked lime is added to mix Evenly, after standing for 2-3 days, use pH test paper to detect the pH of the mixed soil to be 4.0-5.0.

Example 3

A kind of Poria cocos cultivation method, comprises the steps:

Select an indoor cultivation site of 20m ² (length 5m × width 4m), replace all the soil for the cultivation of Poria cocos in the last stubble, lay PE thickened transparent plastic film waterproof cloth, and then lay a 20cm thick yellow sand layer on the waterproof cloth, and then lay Embodiment 1 mixed soil layer of thick 5cm;

Select a pine section with a diameter ≥ 9cm and a length of about 60cm with part of the cover peeled off, dry it for later use, and then inoculate Poria cocos at one end of the pine section according to the inoculation amount of 400g of Wolfiporia cocos (Wolfiporia cocos) YX1 sclerotia per 6kg pine section; The inoculated pine section is placed on the mixed soil layer; the pine section is covered with the mixed soil of Example 1, and the covering thickness is 5cm; the temperature is adjusted to 28-32°C and the relative humidity is 60-70% for growth and formation.

The aforementioned pine sections may be replaced by pine sections compressed from pine appendages.

Example 4

A kind of Poria cocos cultivation method, comprises the steps:

Select an indoor cultivation site of 20m ² (length 5m × width 4m), replace all the soil for the cultivation of Poria cocos in the last stubble, lay PE thickened transparent plastic film waterproof cloth, and then lay a 10cm thick yellow sand layer on the waterproof cloth, and then lay Embodiment 2 mixed soil layers of thick 10cm;

Select a pine section with a diameter ≥ 9cm and a length of about 60cm with part of the cover peeled off, dry it for subsequent use, and then inoculate Poria cocos at one end of the pine section according to the inoculation amount of 400g of Wolfiporia cocos (Wolfiporia cocos) 5.78 sclerotia per 6kg pine section; The inoculated pine section is placed on the mixed soil layer; the pine section is covered with yellow sand soil to a thickness of 10 cm; the temperature is adjusted to 28-32°C and the relative humidity is 60-70% for growth and formation.

Comparative example 1

Obtained by traditional pine segment cultivation, including the following steps:

In November-December, select pine wood sections with a diameter ≥ 9cm and a length of about 60cm with part of the cover peeled off, and dry them in the sun for later use;

From April to May of the second year, choose continuous sunny weather. On the prepared Lingchang, dig pits about 1m long, 50cm deep and 50cm wide along the slope. The interval between each pit is about 20cm, and several pits are separated horizontally and vertically. (depending on the slope) and excavate a drainage ditch about 40cm wide; then put about 25kg material cylinder in each cellar, commonly known as "lower cellar" (1 material cylinder refers to 1 piece of pine wood, and the size of the pine wood section determines the size of the material cylinder) The amount of addition, generally put 3-5 tubes in each cellar);

Then according to the inoculum amount of 400g of Wolfiporia cocos (Wolfiporia cocos) YX1 sclerotia inoculated per 6kg pine section, Poria cocos was inoculated at one end of the pine section, and then covered with 4-6cm thick soil to grow cocos.

In above-mentioned embodiment 3-4 and comparative example 1, the management of the growing cocos formation stage is identical; dirt surface.

The statistical results of Examples 3-4 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1 and Figures 1-3.

Fig. 1 is the picture when embodiment 3 knots; Fig. 2 is the picture when embodiment 4 knots; Fig. 3 is the picture when comparative example 1 knots.

The knotting situation of table 1 embodiment 3-4, comparative example 1

As can be seen from Figures 1-3: the Poria cocos obtained by using the mixed soil and the cultivation method of the present invention is white and not mixed with silt; while the Poria cocos obtained by the traditional pine section soil-covered cultivation method has a light brown skin, and the skin of the poria cocos is light brown after removal of the skin. After that, the exposed bacteria meat is white.

As can be seen from Table 1, the Poria cocos sclerotia obtained by the present invention is white, and its size, moisture and the traditional pine section cultivation method have little difference; the Poria cocos sclerotium average weight of the present invention is slightly lower than the traditional pine section cultivation method; but the present invention It is easy to manage, can realize factory cultivation, and is not disturbed by factors such as climate.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention Any equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concepts thereof shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a mixed soil for poria cocos cultivation, is characterized in that, the pH of mixed soil is 4-6.5, and its raw material is: sandy soil and addendum, and wherein, addendum is the pine tree appendage of pulverizing or manure; The weight ratio of sand and additives is 1:0.5-1; Pine tree appendages are at least one of pine sawdust, pine cones, pine needles, pine branches, pine blocks, and pine roots; The water content of the appendage is 10-20%; the water content of the sandy soil is 30-40%; Using at least one of slaked lime, wood ash, sulfur, aluminum sulfate, and additives to adjust the pH; The sandy soil is yellow sandy soil; Described Poria cocos cultivation comprises the steps: Place the pine section inoculated with Poria cocos on the mixed soil layer for Poria cocos cultivation; then cover the pine section with the mixed soil or yellow sand soil for Poria cocos cultivation; adjust the temperature and relative humidity to grow cocos; cultivate the obtained Poria cocos sclerotium The outer skin is white. 2. a kind of Poria cocos cultivation method is characterized in that, comprises the steps: The pine section inoculated with Poria cocos is placed on the mixed soil layer for Poria cocos cultivation as claimed in claim 1; then cover the pine section with mixed soil or yellow sand soil for Poria cocos cultivation as claimed in claim 1; Regulate temperature and relative humidity to grow Lingling. 3. according to the described Poria cocos cultivation method of claim 2, it is characterized in that the thickness of the mixed soil layer for Poria cocos cultivation is 5-10cm. 4. according to the described Poria cocos cultivation method of claim 2, it is characterized in that, covering thickness is 5-10cm. 5. according to the described poria cocos cultivation method of claim 2, it is characterized in that, regulating temperature is 28-32 ℃, relative humidity is 60-70% to grow cocos.

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