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CN113701930A - High-strength bolt shear stress detection method based on ultrasonic transverse waves - Google Patents

High-strength bolt shear stress detection method based on ultrasonic transverse waves Download PDF

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CN113701930A
CN113701930A CN202111040614.9A CN202111040614A CN113701930A CN 113701930 A CN113701930 A CN 113701930A CN 202111040614 A CN202111040614 A CN 202111040614A CN 113701930 A CN113701930 A CN 113701930A
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stress
bolt
ultrasonic
shear
shear stress
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CN113701930B (en
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史维佳
张小辉
李松如
程宗辉
赵勃
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Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
State Run Wuhu Machinery Factory
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Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
State Run Wuhu Machinery Factory
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
    • G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission

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Abstract

本发明提出了一种基于超声横波的高强度螺栓剪切应力检测方法，本发明针对实际使用中螺栓剪切应力测量的需求，发明了一种螺栓剪切应力的压电超声检测方法，实现对在役金属材料螺栓实现螺栓所受剪切应力的无损检测。该方法使用压电换能器激发超声横波，基于声弹性效应，推导得出螺栓剪切应力与横波波速的敏感性最高，由此创新性的提出通过使用横波测得螺栓所受剪切应力时得渡越时间来测量螺栓所受剪切应力。本发明的方法，根据声弹性理论原理，使用超声波波速的平方与所受剪切应力的线性关系，相对于从前对声弹性理论进行二级近似来说，具有更好的测量精度。

Figure 202111040614

The present invention proposes a method for detecting shear stress of high-strength bolts based on ultrasonic transverse waves. In view of the requirement for bolt shear stress measurement in practical use, the present invention invents a piezoelectric ultrasonic detecting method for bolt shear stress, which realizes the detection of bolt shear stress. In-service metal material bolts realize non-destructive testing of shear stress on bolts. This method uses piezoelectric transducers to excite ultrasonic shear waves. Based on the acoustoelastic effect, it is deduced that the bolt shear stress has the highest sensitivity to the shear wave velocity. The transit time is used to measure the shear stress on the bolt. The method of the present invention uses the linear relationship between the square of ultrasonic wave velocity and the shear stress according to the principle of sonoelasticity theory, and has better measurement accuracy than the previous second-order approximation of sonoelasticity theory.

Figure 202111040614

Description

High-strength bolt shear stress detection method based on ultrasonic transverse waves
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a high-strength bolt shear stress testing method based on ultrasonic transverse waves.
Background
Bolts are indispensable fasteners in the manufacturing field and the defense industry, have the advantages of convenient assembly and disassembly, easy maintenance, removability for preventing loosening and avoidance of phase change of connecting material components, and are used as important components of important infrastructure equipment such as aerospace, vehicles, energy sources, bridges, railways and various building facilities. As an important fastener in the assembly and operation of facilities or equipment, the stress state of a bolt is a core parameter that affects its service performance. The axial stress and the shear stress of the bolt have great influence on the service state, the performance and the service life of the engineering structure. The bolt can lead to the structure of connecting to become flexible because of the stress problem, probably leads to structural stability to be maladjusted, causes serious incident. In order to ensure the reliability and safety of the whole equipment, the method has important significance for accurately and conveniently detecting the axial stress and the shear stress of the bolt in real time.
In recent years, an ultrasonic measurement method is widely applied to stress measurement of bolts as an important invention in a nondestructive testing technology, and the measurement of internal stress of bolts based on the acoustic elastic effect of ultrasonic bulk waves has been developed and applied through years of research. However, most of the research is focused on measuring the axial stress of the bolt and neglecting the shear stress applied to the bolt, and the existing equipment does not have equipment for measuring the shear stress of the bolt.
For the use of the bolt, the shear stress is the stress in the radial direction of the bolt on a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the bolt, and the shear stress is caused by the transverse stress of the bolt and the torsional force applied in the bolt pre-tightening process. The bolt can be deformed due to overlarge shearing stress, so that the connected structure is dislocated, the stability of the whole equipment is broken, and the reliability and the use safety of the equipment are influenced. In severe cases, the bolts are even in danger of breaking, and serious safety accidents are caused.
In 2020, Liuhai waves and the like are invented in patent CN109946379B, an electrical measurement ultrasonic detection method of unidirectional stress is invented, and transverse and longitudinal waves are jointly measured for axial stress of a bolt by using an electrical measurement ultrasonic transverse and longitudinal wave probe. In 2020, Pan-orderly and the like in patent CN111442869A, a nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for bolt axial stress is invented, a relation model between second harmonic amplitude and fundamental amplitude is established based on the propagation theory of ultrasonic waves in isotropic media, and the nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for bolt axial stress is obtained. In 2020, shui pei et al in utility model patent CN212645940U, an ultrasonic bolt stress measuring device including a temperature compensation device was invented, which is based on ultrasonic and temperature compensation units, and realizes the measurement of bolt axial stress at any temperature according to bolt temperature and acoustic time difference. However, none of the above disclosures measures the bolt shear stress.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-strength bolt shear stress detection method based on ultrasonic transverse waves, aiming at solving the technical problems in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a high-strength bolt shear stress detection method based on ultrasonic transverse waves comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a duplicate test piece of an in-service bolt to be detected, wherein the size, shape, material and strength of the duplicate test piece are the same as those of the bolt to be detected;
step 2, performing a calibration experiment on the bolt to be tested to obtain the relation between the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity in the bolt to be tested and the shear stress applied to the bolt to be tested; according to the acoustic elasticity theory, the relationship between the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity axially propagating along the bolt and the stress borne by the bolt is linear, and the relationship is simplified as follows:
Figure BDA0003249032850000021
wherein, VσThe wave velocity of ultrasonic transverse waves when the stress is sigma, and A and k are constants;
and 3, when the length of the bolt is known, according to the relation in the step 2, measuring the ultrasonic transit time in the stress-free state and the ultrasonic transit time in the stress state to obtain the wave velocity when the bolt is subjected to the shear stress, and further obtaining the size of the shear stress applied to the bolt.
Further, the step 2 specifically includes:
building a bolt stress ultrasonic experiment system, fixing a bolt in a shear force stretching device, installing an ultrasonic transverse wave transducer on the end face of a copied test piece, and sequentially connecting the ultrasonic transverse wave transducer, an ultrasonic driver, a digital oscilloscope and an upper computer; carrying out a stress loading experiment and an ultrasonic transit time measurement experiment on the replica test piece, and calibrating the ultrasonic transverse wave transit time and the magnitude of the shear stress when the replica test piece is unstressed and stressed;
firstly, selecting a calibration point, and measuring the transition time t in the absence of stress0It has the following formula:
Figure BDA0003249032850000022
wherein L is0Is the total length of the bolt, V0Is the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity L in the absence of stress1Is the effective stress interval length of the bolt, L2The length of the stress-free section of the bolt is equal to the length of the stress-free section of the bolt;
then, carrying out a stress loading experiment, and increasing the shearing stress of the bolt step by step on the copy test piece by taking 1MPa as a unit, wherein the added stress does not exceed the yield stress of the material of the test piece, and all the large and small stresses are kept for a period of time for carrying out an ultrasonic transit time measurement experiment; selecting an ultrasonic transverse wave probe with the center frequency of 0-10 MHz in each stress holding time, mounting the ultrasonic transverse wave probe at a selected calibration point to enable the polarization direction of the ultrasonic transverse wave to be parallel to the direction of the shear stress, sequentially carrying out an ultrasonic transit time measurement experiment on each stress magnitude, and measuring the transit time t when each stress is sigmaσIt has the following formula:
Figure BDA0003249032850000031
the two are subtracted to obtain:
Figure BDA0003249032850000032
wherein VσV is obtained from the formula (2) as the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity when the stress is sigmaσA value of (d);
after multiple experiments, all the stresses and the corresponding wave velocities are measured, linear fitting is carried out, and the constants A and k in the formula (1) are obtained by calibration according to the formula (1), namely the linear relation between the stress of the bolt to be measured and the wave velocity square is measured.
Further, the step 3 specifically includes:
determining a detection point according to the calibration point, firstly using an installed ultrasonic transverse wave probe to perform an ultrasonic transit time measurement experiment on the bolt to be detected, acquiring transverse wave transit time when stress sigma exists at the detection point, and converting time t when the stress is sigmaσThe wave velocity of the ultrasonic transverse wave at the moment is obtained by being substituted into the formula (2), and then the wave velocity of the ultrasonic transverse wave is substituted into the formula (1), so that the shearing stress of the bolt in the polarization direction of the ultrasonic transverse wave at the moment can be obtained;
rotating the probe by 15 degrees around the axis of the bolt, and repeating the steps 1 to 3 to obtain the shear stress of the bolt in the polarization direction of the ultrasonic transverse wave at the moment; the bolt was again rotated and the experiment repeated until shear stress was obtained in all directions perpendicular to the plane of the bolt axis.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention obtains that the sensitivity of ultrasonic transverse waves propagating along the axial direction and the shearing stress borne by the bolt is higher than that of other ultrasonic waves and the shearing stress borne by the bolt, and provides the high-strength bolt shearing stress detection method based on the ultrasonic transverse waves. The method can realize the accurate measurement of the shearing stress borne by the bolt in service, and solves the existing requirement on the accurate measurement of the shearing force borne by the bolt; the invention proves the advantage of using ultrasonic transverse waves to measure the shear stress borne by the bolt and provides an idea for measuring the shear stress borne by the bolt in service later; the method can obtain all the stresses in all directions of the in-service bolt perpendicular to the axial plane of the bolt, and is favorable for quickly and accurately eliminating the shear stress in all directions borne by the bolt; according to the principle of the acoustoelastic theory, the method of the invention uses the linear relation between the square of the ultrasonic wave speed and the shearing stress, and has better measurement precision compared with the prior two-stage approximation of the acoustoelastic theory.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of bolt size convention and installation of a transverse wave transducer in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of bolt shear stress loading;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic testing system for bolts;
the reference numbers: 001-transverse wave transducer; 002-first bolt shear stress fixture; 003-second bolt shear stress clamp.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of bolt size convention and installation of a transverse wave transducer in the present invention, which specifies bolt size and installation manner of an ultrasonic wave transducer. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the shear stress loading of a bolt, wherein the bolt is fixed on a shear stress fixture, the fixture is clamped by a tensile tester and applies force, and the tensile tester applies force, namely the shear stress applied to the bolt. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic testing system for a bolt, wherein an ultrasonic transverse wave transducer is arranged on the top of the bolt after the bolt is subjected to shear stress by a tensile tester, and the transducer is connected with an ultrasonic driver for exciting the transducer and receiving echo signals. The ultrasonic driver sends the emission waveform and the echo signal to the digital oscilloscope, and the digital oscilloscope sends the waveform data to the upper computer for storage and processing.
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides a method for detecting shear stress of a high-strength bolt based on ultrasonic transverse waves, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a duplicate test piece of an in-service bolt to be detected, wherein the size, shape, material and strength of the duplicate test piece are the same as those of the bolt to be detected; duplicating the in-service metal bolt: the in-service bolt is generally not detachable, and a stress acoustoelastic relation under the central frequency of the probe needs to be obtained in the implementation process of the invention. Therefore, a duplicate test piece with the same size, shape, material and strength as the bolt in service is selected.
Step 2, performing a calibration experiment on the bolt to be tested to obtain the relation between the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity in the bolt to be tested and the shear stress applied to the bolt to be tested; according to the theory of acoustic elasticity, the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity propagating along the axial direction of the bolt and the stress borne by the bolt are in the following relationship:
Figure BDA0003249032850000041
Figure BDA0003249032850000042
Figure BDA0003249032850000043
in the above formula, the wave velocity VabcIn the subscript, a is the ultrasonic propagation direction, b is the ultrasonic polarization direction, and c is the stress direction. V131、V132、V133The propagation direction is along the axial direction, the ultrasonic polarization direction is perpendicular to the axial direction, and the stress direction is along the axial direction, perpendicular to the ultrasonic polarization direction and the wave speed parallel to the polarization direction respectively. Rho0The density of the material is shown as lambda and mu, the second-order elastic constant of the material is shown as m and n, and the third-order elastic constant of the material is shown as m and n.
It can be seen that the shear wave velocity is linear with the shear stress experienced by the bolt. For general boltThe metal material used, lambda, mu is greater than zero, l, m, n is less than zero, taking low carbon steel (0.12% C) as an example, the lambda, mu, l, m, n are respectively 115, 82, -301, -666 and-716, the wave speed in the three formulas is derived from stress, the change of the stress to the sound speed is small, and V under the zero stress state is taken for simplifying the calculation131＝V132＝V1333.20km/s, available:
dV131≈-0.00505dσ
dV132≈-0.00505dσdV133≈-0.02495dσ
from above, V133I.e. shear waves with propagation direction perpendicular to the stress direction and polarization direction parallel to the stress direction are most sensitive to shear stress, and V131、V132Is about 0.2 times its sensitivity. Therefore, a higher accuracy can be obtained using this wave.
Therefore, the relation between the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity axially propagated along the bolt and the stress borne by the bolt is in a linear relation, and the relation is simplified as follows:
Figure BDA0003249032850000051
wherein, VσThe wave velocity of ultrasonic transverse waves when the stress is sigma, and A and k are constants;
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
building a bolt stress ultrasonic experiment system, fixing a bolt in a shear force stretching device, installing an ultrasonic transverse wave transducer on the end face of a copied test piece, and sequentially connecting the ultrasonic transverse wave transducer, an ultrasonic driver, a digital oscilloscope and an upper computer; carrying out a stress loading experiment and an ultrasonic transit time measurement experiment on the replica test piece, and calibrating the ultrasonic transverse wave transit time and the magnitude of the shear stress when the replica test piece is unstressed and stressed;
firstly, selecting a calibration point, and measuring the transition time t in the absence of stress0It has the following formula:
Figure BDA0003249032850000052
wherein L is0Is the total length of the bolt, V0Is the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity L in the absence of stress1Is the effective stress interval length of the bolt, L2The length of the stress-free section of the bolt is equal to the length of the stress-free section of the bolt;
then, carrying out a stress loading experiment, and increasing the shearing stress of the bolt step by step on the copy test piece by taking 1MPa as a unit, wherein the added stress does not exceed the yield stress of the material of the test piece, and all the large and small stresses are kept for a period of time for carrying out an ultrasonic transit time measurement experiment; selecting an ultrasonic transverse wave probe with the center frequency of 0-10 MHz in each stress holding time, mounting the ultrasonic transverse wave probe at a selected calibration point to enable the polarization direction of the ultrasonic transverse wave to be parallel to the direction of the shear stress, sequentially carrying out an ultrasonic transit time measurement experiment on each stress magnitude, and measuring the transit time t when each stress is sigmaσIt has the following formula:
Figure BDA0003249032850000061
the two are subtracted to obtain:
Figure BDA0003249032850000062
wherein VσV is obtained from the formula (2) as the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity when the stress is sigmaσA value of (d);
after multiple experiments, all the stresses and the corresponding wave velocities are measured, linear fitting is carried out, and the constants A and k in the formula (1) are obtained by calibration according to the formula (1), namely the linear relation between the stress of the bolt to be measured and the wave velocity square is measured.
And 3, when the length of the bolt is known, according to the relation in the step 2, measuring the ultrasonic transit time in the stress-free state and the ultrasonic transit time in the stress state to obtain the wave velocity when the bolt is subjected to the shear stress, and further obtaining the size of the shear stress applied to the bolt.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
determining a detection point according to the calibration point, firstly using an installed ultrasonic transverse wave probe to perform an ultrasonic transit time measurement experiment on the bolt to be detected, acquiring transverse wave transit time when stress sigma exists at the detection point, and converting time t when the stress is sigmaσThe wave velocity of the ultrasonic transverse wave at the moment is obtained by being substituted into the formula (2), and then the wave velocity of the ultrasonic transverse wave is substituted into the formula (1), so that the shearing stress of the bolt in the polarization direction of the ultrasonic transverse wave at the moment can be obtained;
rotating the probe by 15 degrees around the axis of the bolt, and repeating the steps 1 to 3 to obtain the shear stress of the bolt in the polarization direction of the ultrasonic transverse wave at the moment; the bolt was again rotated and the experiment repeated until shear stress was obtained in all directions perpendicular to the plane of the bolt axis.
The invention discloses a piezoelectric ultrasonic detection method for bolt shear stress aiming at the requirement of bolt shear stress measurement in practical use, and realizes nondestructive detection of the shear stress borne by a bolt on-service metal material. The method uses a piezoelectric transducer to excite ultrasonic transverse waves, deduces that the sensitivity of shear stress and transverse wave velocity of the bolt is the highest based on an acoustic elastic effect, and innovatively provides that the shear stress borne by the bolt is measured by measuring the transit time of the shear stress borne by the bolt by using the transverse waves.
The method for detecting shear stress of a high-strength bolt based on ultrasonic transverse waves provided by the invention is described in detail, a specific example is applied in the method for explaining the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims (3)

1.一种基于超声横波的高强度螺栓剪切应力检测方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：1. a high-strength bolt shear stress detection method based on ultrasonic transverse wave, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: 步骤1、获取需检测的在役螺栓的复制试件，所述复制试件与待测螺栓的大小，形状，材料和强度均相同；Step 1. Obtain a duplicate specimen of the in-service bolt to be tested, and the duplicate specimen is the same as the bolt to be tested in size, shape, material and strength; 步骤2、对待测螺栓进行标定实验，获取待测螺栓中超声波横波波速与其所受剪切应力的关系；根据声弹性理论，沿螺栓轴向传播的超声波横波波速与螺栓所受应力的关系成线性关系，其关系简化为：Step 2. Perform a calibration experiment on the bolt to be tested to obtain the relationship between the ultrasonic shear wave velocity and the shear stress in the bolt to be tested; according to the theory of sonoelasticity, the relationship between the ultrasonic shear wave velocity propagating along the axial direction of the bolt and the stress on the bolt is linear relationship, which simplifies to:
Figure FDA0003249032840000011
Figure FDA0003249032840000011
 其中，Vσ为应力为σ时的超声波横波波速，A和k为常数；Among them, V σ is the ultrasonic shear wave velocity when the stress is σ, and A and k are constants; 步骤3、当螺栓长度已知的时候，根据步骤2所述的关系，通过测量无应力时超声波渡越时间和有应力时超声波渡越时间能够得出螺栓受剪切应力时的波速，进而得出螺栓所受剪切应力大小。Step 3. When the length of the bolt is known, according to the relationship described in step 2, the wave speed of the bolt under shear stress can be obtained by measuring the ultrasonic transit time without stress and the ultrasonic transit time under stress. Shear stress on the bolt. 2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2具体为：2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2 is specifically: 搭建螺栓应力超声实验系统，将螺栓固定在剪切力拉伸装置中，在复制试件端面安装超声波横波换能器，将超声波横波换能器、超声驱动器、数字示波器和上位机依次连接；对复制试件进行应力加载实验和超声波渡越时间测量实验，标定复制试件无应力时和有应力时的超声波横波渡越时间和所受剪切应力的大小；Build a bolt stress ultrasonic experiment system, fix the bolt in the shear force tension device, install an ultrasonic shear wave transducer on the end face of the replicated specimen, and connect the ultrasonic shear wave transducer, ultrasonic driver, digital oscilloscope and upper computer in sequence; Stress loading experiments and ultrasonic transit time measurement experiments were carried out on the replicated specimens to calibrate the ultrasonic shear wave transit time and shear stress of the replicated specimens when they were unstressed and stressed; 首先，选取标定点，测得无应力时的渡越时间t0，其有如下公式：First, select the calibration point and measure the transit time t 0 without stress, which has the following formula:
Figure FDA0003249032840000012
Figure FDA0003249032840000012
 其中，L0为螺栓总长度，V0为无应力时超声波横波波速，L1为螺栓有效受力区间长度，L2为螺栓不受应力区间长度；Among them, L 0 is the total length of the bolt, V 0 is the ultrasonic shear wave velocity when there is no stress, L 1 is the length of the effective stress interval of the bolt, and L 2 is the length of the unstressed interval of the bolt; 然后，进行应力加载实验，对复制试件以1MPa为一个单位逐级增加螺栓剪切应力，所加应力应不超过试件材料的屈服应力，各大小应力均保持一段时间用以进行超声波渡越时间测量实验；在各应力保持时间内，选取中心频率为0～10MHz的超声波横波探头，在选择的标定点安装超声波横波探头，使超声波横波偏振方向平行于剪切应力方向，依次对每一个应力大小进行超声波渡越时间测量实验，测得各应力为σ时的渡越时间tσ，其有如下公式：Then, the stress loading experiment was carried out, and the shear stress of the bolt was increased step by step with 1MPa as a unit. The applied stress should not exceed the yield stress of the specimen material, and the stress of each size was maintained for a period of time for ultrasonic transition. Time measurement experiment; in each stress holding time, select an ultrasonic shear wave probe with a center frequency of 0-10MHz, and install the ultrasonic shear wave probe at the selected calibration point, so that the polarization direction of the ultrasonic shear wave is parallel to the direction of shear stress, and for each stress The ultrasonic transit time measurement experiment was carried out, and the transit time t σ when each stress was σ was measured, which has the following formula:
Figure FDA0003249032840000013
Figure FDA0003249032840000013
 二者相减得到：Subtract the two to get:
Figure FDA0003249032840000021
Figure FDA0003249032840000021
 其中Vσ为应力为σ时的超声波横波波速，由式(2)可得Vσ的值；where V σ is the ultrasonic shear wave velocity when the stress is σ, and the value of V σ can be obtained from formula (2); 经过多次实验，测得所有应力与对应的波速，进行线性拟合，并根据公式(1)进行标定得出式(1)中的常数A和k，即测得待测螺栓应力与波速平方的线性关系。After many experiments, all the stress and the corresponding wave speed are measured, and the linear fitting is carried out, and the constants A and k in the formula (1) are obtained by calibration according to the formula (1), that is, the measured bolt stress and the square of the wave speed are obtained. linear relationship. 3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3具体为：3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described step 3 is specifically: 根据标定点确定检测点，先使用安装的超声波横波探头，对待测螺栓进行超声波渡越时间测量实验，获取检测点处的有应力σ时的横波渡越时间，将应力为σ时的渡越时间tσ带入到公式(2)中，得到此时超声波横波波速，再将超声波横波波速带入公式(1)中，即可得到此时螺栓所受的超声波横波偏振方向的剪切应力；Determine the detection point according to the calibration point, first use the installed ultrasonic shear wave probe, and perform the ultrasonic transit time measurement experiment on the bolt to be tested to obtain the transit time of the shear wave when there is stress σ at the detection point, and set the transit time when the stress is σ. Bring t σ into formula (2) to obtain the ultrasonic shear wave velocity at this time, and then bring the ultrasonic shear wave velocity into formula (1) to obtain the shear stress in the polarization direction of the ultrasonic shear wave on the bolt at this time; 使探头绕螺栓轴线旋转15°，重复步骤1至步骤3，获得螺栓在此时超声波横波偏振方向的剪切应力；再次将螺栓旋转，进行重复实验，直到获得垂直于螺栓轴线平面所有方向的剪切应力。Rotate the probe 15° around the axis of the bolt, repeat steps 1 to 3 to obtain the shear stress of the bolt in the polarization direction of the ultrasonic shear wave at this time; rotate the bolt again and repeat the experiment until the shear stress in all directions perpendicular to the axis of the bolt is obtained. Shear stress.
CN202111040614.9A 2021-09-06 2021-09-06 High-strength bolt shear stress detection method based on ultrasonic transverse waves Active CN113701930B (en)

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CN114441290A (en) * 2021-12-24 2022-05-06 河南航天精工制造有限公司 Bolt high-temperature shear test device and shear assembly
CN114441290B (en) * 2021-12-24 2024-03-15 河南航天精工制造有限公司 Bolt high-temperature shear test device and shear assembly
CN114636504A (en) * 2022-02-18 2022-06-17 同济大学 Method for detecting axial stress of bolt of train braking system
CN114636504B (en) * 2022-02-18 2023-08-29 同济大学 A method for detecting axial stress of bolts in train braking system
CN114623956A (en) * 2022-02-24 2022-06-14 武汉大学 Ultrasonic measurement method for random transverse load and acting direction of bolt
CN114623962A (en) * 2022-02-24 2022-06-14 武汉大学 A method for measuring lateral load distribution of bolts based on phased array ultrasonic rotation scanning
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CN117077441A (en) * 2023-10-16 2023-11-17 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 Bolt axial stress double-wave calculation method
CN117077441B (en) * 2023-10-16 2023-12-15 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 Bolt axial stress double-wave calculation method

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