CN113691141A - Topological structure of DC-DC converter - Google Patents
Topological structure of DC-DC converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113691141A CN113691141A CN202111181506.3A CN202111181506A CN113691141A CN 113691141 A CN113691141 A CN 113691141A CN 202111181506 A CN202111181506 A CN 202111181506A CN 113691141 A CN113691141 A CN 113691141A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile power supply transformation, in particular to a topological structure of a DC-DC converter, which comprises a primary side circuit, a first transformer, a second transformer and a secondary side circuit, wherein the primary side circuit is connected with the first transformer; the primary side circuit comprises a direct current power supply, an input capacitor, a preceding stage full-bridge circuit and a primary side direct current voltage-stabilizing capacitor; the front-stage full-bridge circuit comprises a first-phase half-bridge circuit, a second-phase half-bridge circuit and a third-phase half-bridge circuit; the half-bridge circuit comprises a power switch tube connected with a reverse diode in parallel; the first transformer is connected with the second transformer in parallel; the first phase half-bridge circuit is connected with the upper side of the primary side of the first transformer; a first inductor is connected in series between the first phase half-bridge circuit and the first transformer; the other side of the primary side direct current voltage-stabilizing capacitor is connected with the lower side of the primary side of the first transformer and the upper side of the primary side of the second transformer; and a second inductor is connected in series between the third phase half-bridge circuit and the second transformer. The loss of the half-bridge circuit during switching can be reduced; the number of power switching tubes required in the circuit is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile power supply voltage transformation, in particular to a topological structure of a DC-DC converter.
Background
In recent years, the problem of energy shortage is increasing, and in order to comply with the development of new energy industries and alleviate the problem of emission pollution of fuel automobiles, the development of electric automobiles has become a current research hotspot. The core power source of the electric automobile is a power battery, and the requirements of output voltage and output capacity are generally met by adopting a series-parallel connection mode of single lithium batteries. However, since the charging and discharging voltage range of the single lithium battery is different from the voltage range required by the actual operation of the automobile, for example, the output of low-voltage 12V devices such as audio and smart voice is not matched with the output of 48V of the battery, a DC-DC converter adapted to wide-range input and output is required in the actual application. The existing DC-DC converter achieves the technical effect of wide input and output range, but the electric energy loss in the circuit is high, so that the continuous operation of an automobile power battery is not facilitated. In the existing DC-DC converter circuit, when a plurality of transformers are used to change the voltage range, each transformer needs to be adapted with a corresponding power switch tube, and the number of the required power switch tubes is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a topological structure of a DC-DC converter, which can reduce the loss of a half-bridge circuit during switching; the number of power switching tubes required in the circuit is reduced.
The basic scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a topological structure of a DC-DC converter comprises a primary side circuit, a first transformer, a second transformer and a secondary side circuit;
the primary side circuit comprises a direct current power supply, an input capacitor, a preceding stage full-bridge circuit and a primary side direct current voltage-stabilizing capacitor;
the input capacitor is connected with the direct current power supply in parallel;
the preceding-stage full-bridge circuit comprises a first-phase half-bridge circuit, a second-phase half-bridge circuit and a third-phase half-bridge circuit;
the half-bridge circuit comprises two power switch tubes, and the power switch tubes are connected with a reverse diode in parallel;
the first transformer is connected with the second transformer in parallel;
the first phase half-bridge circuit is connected with the upper side of the primary side of the first transformer; a first inductor is connected in series between the first phase half-bridge circuit and the first transformer;
one side of the primary side direct current voltage-stabilizing capacitor is connected with the second phase half-bridge circuit; the other side of the primary side direct-current voltage-stabilizing capacitor is connected with the lower side of the primary side of the first transformer and the upper side of the primary side of the second transformer;
the third phase half-bridge circuit is connected with the lower side of the primary side of the second transformer; a second inductor is connected in series between the third phase half-bridge circuit and the second transformer;
the first transformer and the second transformer are both connected with the secondary side circuit;
the secondary side circuit comprises an electrical appliance.
The principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows: firstly, the backward diode that connects in parallel with the power switch tube can realize the afterflow return circuit when half-bridge circuit change over switch, and secondly, first inductance and second inductance can play the effect of pressure regulating, and the zero voltage soft switch can be realized to the combination of backward diode and inductance to loss when reducing half-bridge circuit change over switch. The principle of the transformer lies in that the capacitor is used for blocking direct current by alternating current, so that the direct current cannot pass through the circuit, and if the current flowing into the transformer has a direct current component, namely direct current bias, the magnetic saturation can be easily achieved, so that the transformer is not beneficial to use. The parallel connection mode adopted in the scheme enables the first transformer and the second transformer to share the circuit where the input capacitor is located, thereby reducing the number of power switching tubes required in the circuit, realizing high step-down gain at the same time, avoiding the need of multistage series connection and reducing the cost.
Further, in the working process of the power switch tube, switching is carried out between a CCM mode and a DCM mode; when the power switch tube reaches the maximum output voltage in the CCM mode, the DCM mode is switched.
Has the advantages that: the DCM mode can have larger output voltage, so that the DCM mode is switched to the DCM mode when the CCM mode reaches the maximum output voltage, and the transmission of power can be effectively ensured. The control logic in the scheme is simple, the switching is only carried out in each power frequency period, the operation is simple, and the backflow power is low.
Further, the inductance values of the first inductor and the second inductor are equal.
Has the advantages that: in the operation process of the circuit, the currents of the circuits where the first inductor and the second inductor are located are more average, and the load of any circuit is prevented from being overlarge, so that any circuit is prevented from being overloaded.
Furthermore, in the half-bridge circuit, PWM (pulse width modulation) turn-on signals given by the two power switching tubes are symmetrical.
Has the advantages that: the power supply is prevented from being short-circuited due to the fact that two power switching tubes in a half-bridge circuit are simultaneously switched on.
Furthermore, in the half-bridge circuit, dead zones are reserved when the on and off of the two power switching tubes are switched.
Has the advantages that: the power supply is prevented from being short-circuited due to the fact that two power switching tubes in a half-bridge circuit are simultaneously switched on.
Further, the upper side of the secondary side of the first transformer is connected with the lower side of the secondary side of the second transformer; the lower side of the secondary side of the first transformer is connected with the upper side of the secondary side of the second transformer.
Has the advantages that: the current output by the first transformer and the current output by the second transformer are ensured to be in the same direction.
Further, the secondary side circuit also comprises a voltage-multiplying rectifying circuit; and a voltage doubling rectifying circuit is connected between the electrical appliance and the first transformer and between the electrical appliance and the second transformer.
Has the advantages that: the voltage doubling rectifying circuit can rectify lower alternating current voltage into higher direct current voltage, and is high in reliability due to the adoption of the voltage doubling rectifying circuit.
Further, the voltage-multiplying rectification circuit comprises a first secondary capacitor, a second secondary capacitor, a first secondary diode and a second secondary diode;
the first secondary capacitor is connected with the second secondary capacitor in parallel;
one side of the first secondary capacitor is connected with the lower side of the secondary side of the first transformer, the upper side of the secondary side of the second transformer and the second secondary capacitor; the other side of the first secondary capacitor is connected with the cathode of the first secondary diode and an electrical appliance;
one side of the second secondary side capacitor is connected with the lower side of the secondary side of the first transformer, the upper side of the secondary side of the second transformer and the first secondary side capacitor; the other side of the second secondary side capacitor is connected with the anode of the second secondary side diode and an electrical appliance;
the anode of the first secondary diode is connected with the upper side of the secondary side of the first transformer, the lower side of the secondary side of the second transformer and the cathode of the second secondary diode; the cathode of the first secondary diode is connected with the electrical appliance;
and the cathode of the second secondary diode is connected with the upper side of the secondary side of the first transformer and the lower side of the secondary side of the second transformer.
Has the advantages that: based on the energy storage function of the capacitor, the rectification from lower alternating voltage to higher direct voltage is realized by using the diode and the capacitor.
Further, the secondary side circuit further comprises a filter circuit.
Has the advantages that: through the filter circuit, alternating current components in pulsating direct current voltage are reduced as much as possible, direct current components are reserved, ripple factors of output voltage are reduced, and waveforms are smoother.
Further, the filter circuit comprises an output inductor and an output capacitor;
one side of the output inductor is connected with the first secondary capacitor and the cathode of the first secondary diode; the other side of the output inductor is connected with the output capacitor and the electrical appliance;
the output capacitor is connected with the electric appliance in parallel.
Has the advantages that: the filtering function is realized by adopting a filter circuit formed by combining a capacitor and an inductor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a topology of a DC-DC converter in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a topology of a DC-DC converter in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a topology of a DC-DC converter in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a topology of a DC-DC converter in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
example 1:
example 1 is substantially as shown in figure 1:
a topological structure of a DC-DC converter comprises a primary side circuit, a first transformer, a second transformer and a secondary side circuit. The first and second transformers are denoted in the figure with T1 and T2, respectively.
The primary side circuit comprises a direct-current power supply Vin, an input capacitor C1, a preceding stage full-bridge circuit and a primary side direct-current voltage-stabilizing capacitor C2.
The input capacitor is connected in parallel with the direct current power supply.
The preceding-stage full-bridge circuit comprises a first-phase half-bridge circuit, a second-phase half-bridge circuit and a third-phase half-bridge circuit; the half-bridge circuit comprises two power switch tubes, and the power switch tubes are connected with reverse diodes in parallel. The power switching tubes of the first phase half-bridge circuit, the second phase half-bridge circuit and the third phase half-bridge circuit are respectively represented as Q1 and Q2 in the figure; q3, Q4; q5, Q6. The backward diodes connected in parallel with the power switch tube are respectively represented as D3 and D4; d5, D6; d7 and D8.
In the working process of the power switching tube, switching between a CCM mode and a DCM mode; when the power switch tube reaches the maximum output voltage in the CCM mode, the DCM mode is switched.
In the half-bridge circuit, PWM (pulse width modulation) turn-on signals given by the two power switching tubes are symmetrical, and dead zones are reserved when the turn-on and the turn-off of the two power switching tubes are switched.
The first transformer is connected in parallel with the second transformer. The current directions of the first transformer and the second transformer are opposite, and the first transformer and the second transformer both flow through the primary side direct current voltage-stabilizing capacitor and the second phase half-bridge circuit, so that the current stress borne by the second phase half-bridge circuit is twice that of the first phase half-bridge circuit and the third phase half-bridge circuit.
The first phase half-bridge circuit is connected with the upper side of the primary side of the first transformer; a first inductor L1 is connected in series between the first phase half bridge circuit and the first transformer.
One side of the primary side direct current voltage-stabilizing capacitor is connected with the second phase half-bridge circuit; and the other side of the primary side direct-current voltage-stabilizing capacitor is connected with the lower side of the primary side of the first transformer and the upper side of the primary side of the second transformer.
The third phase half-bridge circuit is connected with the lower side of the primary side of the second transformer; a second inductor L2 is connected in series between the third phase half bridge circuit and the second transformer. The first inductor and the second inductor both adopt coupling inductors.
The inductance values of the first inductor and the second inductor are equal.
And the first transformer and the second transformer are both connected with the secondary side circuit. The upper side of the secondary side of the first transformer is connected with the lower side of the secondary side of the second transformer; the lower side of the secondary side of the first transformer is connected with the upper side of the secondary side of the second transformer. That is, the secondary sides of the first transformer and the second transformer are connected in parallel, so that the same direction of output current is ensured.
The secondary side circuit comprises an electrical appliance R1, a voltage-doubling rectifying circuit and a filter circuit.
And a voltage doubling rectifying circuit is connected between the electrical appliance and the first transformer and between the electrical appliance and the second transformer. The voltage-doubling rectifying circuit comprises a first secondary capacitor C3, a second secondary capacitor C4, a first secondary diode D1 and a second secondary diode D2. The first secondary capacitor and the second secondary capacitor are each subjected to half of the output voltage.
The first secondary capacitor is connected in parallel with the second secondary capacitor.
One side of the first secondary capacitor is connected with the lower side of the secondary side of the first transformer, the upper side of the secondary side of the second transformer and the second secondary capacitor; and the other side of the first secondary capacitor is connected with the cathode of the first secondary diode and an electrical appliance.
One side of the second secondary side capacitor is connected with the lower side of the secondary side of the first transformer, the upper side of the secondary side of the second transformer and the first secondary side capacitor; and the other side of the second secondary side capacitor is connected with the anode of the second secondary side diode and an electrical appliance.
The anode of the first secondary diode is connected with the upper side of the secondary side of the first transformer, the lower side of the secondary side of the second transformer and the cathode of the second secondary diode; the cathode of the first secondary diode is connected with the electrical appliance;
and the cathode of the second secondary diode is connected with the upper side of the secondary side of the first transformer and the lower side of the secondary side of the second transformer.
The filter circuit comprises an output inductor L3 and an output capacitor C3, and the inductance value of the output inductor and the capacitance value of the output capacitor can be selected according to the requirements of the text wave. One side of the output inductor is connected with the first secondary capacitor and the cathode of the first secondary diode; the other side of the output inductor is connected with the output capacitor and the electrical appliance. The output capacitor is connected with the electric appliance in parallel.
Example 2:
example 2 is substantially as shown in figure 2:
the basic principle of embodiment 2 is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that in embodiment 2, the first secondary capacitor and the second secondary capacitor are replaced with a third secondary diode D10 and a fourth secondary diode D9, respectively, and the secondary side is changed from a voltage doubler rectifier circuit to a diode rectifier circuit.
Example 3:
example 3 is substantially as shown in figure 3:
embodiment 3 is the same in basic principle as embodiment 1, except that in embodiment 3, the secondary side of the transformer is changed to a center-tapped transformer. The center tap is connected to the negative terminal of an output capacitor C5.
Example 4:
example 4 is substantially as shown in figure 4:
the basic principle of embodiment 4 is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that in embodiment 4, the first secondary diode and the second secondary diode on the secondary side of the transformer are replaced by the MOSFET power switch Q7 and the MOSFET power switch Q8, so that the topology has the function of an inverter.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for the fundamental understanding of the art, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice with the teachings of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A DC-DC converter topology, characterized by: the transformer comprises a primary side circuit, a first transformer, a second transformer and a secondary side circuit;
the primary side circuit comprises a direct current power supply, an input capacitor, a preceding stage full-bridge circuit and a primary side direct current voltage-stabilizing capacitor;
the input capacitor is connected with the direct current power supply in parallel;
the preceding-stage full-bridge circuit comprises a first-phase half-bridge circuit, a second-phase half-bridge circuit and a third-phase half-bridge circuit;
the half-bridge circuit comprises two power switch tubes, and the power switch tubes are connected with a reverse diode in parallel;
the first transformer is connected with the second transformer in parallel;
the first phase half-bridge circuit is connected with the upper side of the primary side of the first transformer; a first inductor is connected in series between the first phase half-bridge circuit and the first transformer;
one side of the primary side direct current voltage-stabilizing capacitor is connected with the second phase half-bridge circuit; the other side of the primary side direct-current voltage-stabilizing capacitor is connected with the lower side of the primary side of the first transformer and the upper side of the primary side of the second transformer;
the third phase half-bridge circuit is connected with the lower side of the primary side of the second transformer; a second inductor is connected in series between the third phase half-bridge circuit and the second transformer;
the first transformer and the second transformer are both connected with the secondary side circuit;
the secondary side circuit comprises an electrical appliance.
2. The DC-DC converter topology of claim 1, wherein: in the working process of the power switching tube, switching between a CCM mode and a DCM mode; when the power switch tube reaches the maximum output voltage in the CCM mode, the DCM mode is switched.
3. The DC-DC converter topology of claim 1, wherein: the inductance values of the first inductor and the second inductor are equal.
4. The DC-DC converter topology of claim 1, wherein: in the half-bridge circuit, PWM (pulse width modulation) turn-on signals given by two power switching tubes are symmetrical.
5. The DC-DC converter topology of claim 1, wherein: in the half-bridge circuit, dead zones are reserved when the on and off of the two power switching tubes are switched.
6. The DC-DC converter topology of claim 1, wherein: the upper side of the secondary side of the first transformer is connected with the lower side of the secondary side of the second transformer; the lower side of the secondary side of the first transformer is connected with the upper side of the secondary side of the second transformer.
7. The DC-DC converter topology of claim 6, wherein: the secondary side circuit also comprises a voltage-multiplying rectifying circuit; and a voltage doubling rectifying circuit is connected between the electrical appliance and the first transformer and between the electrical appliance and the second transformer.
8. The DC-DC converter topology of claim 7, wherein: the voltage-multiplying rectification circuit comprises a first secondary side capacitor, a second secondary side capacitor, a first secondary side diode and a second secondary side diode;
the first secondary capacitor is connected with the second secondary capacitor in parallel;
one side of the first secondary capacitor is connected with the lower side of the secondary side of the first transformer, the upper side of the secondary side of the second transformer and the second secondary capacitor; the other side of the first secondary capacitor is connected with the cathode of the first secondary diode and an electrical appliance;
one side of the second secondary side capacitor is connected with the lower side of the secondary side of the first transformer, the upper side of the secondary side of the second transformer and the first secondary side capacitor; the other side of the second secondary side capacitor is connected with the anode of the second secondary side diode and an electrical appliance;
the anode of the first secondary diode is connected with the upper side of the secondary side of the first transformer, the lower side of the secondary side of the second transformer and the cathode of the second secondary diode; the cathode of the first secondary diode is connected with the electrical appliance;
and the cathode of the second secondary diode is connected with the upper side of the secondary side of the first transformer and the lower side of the secondary side of the second transformer.
9. The DC-DC converter topology of claim 8, wherein: the secondary side circuit further comprises a filter circuit.
10. The DC-DC converter topology of claim 9, wherein: the filter circuit comprises an output inductor and an output capacitor;
one side of the output inductor is connected with the first secondary capacitor and the cathode of the first secondary diode; the other side of the output inductor is connected with the output capacitor and the electrical appliance;
the output capacitor is connected with the electric appliance in parallel.
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Cited By (1)
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CN114927562A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-08-19 | 深圳平创半导体有限公司 | Silicon carbide JFET device structure and preparation method thereof |
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CN112564514A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-26 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | High-frequency power supply system for electric precipitation |
CN113037095A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-06-25 | 湖北工业大学 | Hybrid DPS double full bridge LLC resonant converter with ultra-wide output range |
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CN1885701A (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2006-12-27 | 深圳市英威腾电气有限公司 | DC/DC transformation topology circuit of high-voltage switch power supply |
CN106655793A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-05-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Common resonant inductor type wide-input-range LLC resonant converter |
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CN114927562A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-08-19 | 深圳平创半导体有限公司 | Silicon carbide JFET device structure and preparation method thereof |
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