CN113671270B - Antenna test system and method based on digital switch - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于数字开关的天线测试方法，本发明采用信号多通道调制，在信号发射端进行信号调制编码，通过待测天线多端口发射，在接收端进行信号解调解码，得到不同通道对应的幅度和相位信息，最后经过数据处理，得到多端口天线的测试结果，实现了多端口天线同时测试。该技术是以传统天线测试系统为基础，加入信号编码技术，大幅提高多端口天线的测试效率。
The present invention relates to an antenna testing method based on a digital switch. The present invention adopts multi-channel signal modulation, performs signal modulation encoding at the signal transmitting end, transmits through the multi-port of the antenna to be tested, performs signal demodulation and decoding at the receiving end, obtains the amplitude and phase information corresponding to different channels, and finally obtains the test results of the multi-port antenna through data processing, thereby realizing the simultaneous testing of the multi-port antenna. The technology is based on the traditional antenna testing system, adds signal coding technology, and greatly improves the test efficiency of the multi-port antenna.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及一种天线测试方法，特别是一种基于数字开关的天线测试系统及方法，属于天线测量技术领域。The invention relates to an antenna testing method, in particular to an antenna testing system and method based on a digital switch, belonging to the technical field of antenna measurement.
背景技术Background Art
天线测试是检验天线实际性能重要手段，已经成为了天线研制流程中十分重要且不可或缺的一个流程。随着天线的不断发展，对天线测试系统提出来更高的要求。如多端口多波束天线的问世，在很大程度上提高天线传输能力的同时，对天线测试提出了新的问题，多端口多波束天线通常以数个数十个喇叭作为馈源，加上反射器构成天线。在辐射特性测试时，需要对每一个端口进行测试，传统测试方法需要将每一个端口每次测试，与单端天线测试相比所需要时间长了数倍，在端口数达到一定数量时传统方法所需的测试时间长达数月，无法满足天线研制需求。Antenna testing is an important means to verify the actual performance of the antenna, and has become a very important and indispensable process in the antenna development process. With the continuous development of antennas, higher requirements are placed on antenna testing systems. For example, the advent of multi-port multi-beam antennas has greatly improved the transmission capacity of antennas while raising new issues for antenna testing. Multi-port multi-beam antennas usually use dozens of horns as feed sources, plus reflectors to form antennas. When testing the radiation characteristics, each port needs to be tested. Traditional testing methods require testing each port each time, which takes several times longer than single-ended antenna testing. When the number of ports reaches a certain number, the traditional method requires several months of testing time, which cannot meet the needs of antenna development.
电子开关在测试系统中的出现缓解的这一矛盾，但是也引入了新的问题。如开关差损带来的动态范围下降，通道数量增多带来的探头位置与理想网格偏移。多通道接收机可以解决一部分这类天线的测试需求，但是只能解决天线接收模式的测试需求。The emergence of electronic switches in the test system alleviates this contradiction, but also introduces new problems. For example, the dynamic range decreases due to switch loss, and the probe position deviates from the ideal grid due to the increase in the number of channels. Multi-channel receivers can solve some of the test requirements of this type of antenna, but can only solve the test requirements of the antenna receiving mode.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的技术解决问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提出一种基于数字开关的天线测试系统及方法，采用码分信号源，产生正交码分调制的射频信号，不同码子的调制信号连接到不同待测天线端口，同时发射，在接收端接收机采集信号，通过对测试路与参考路的解调解码和比幅比相，分别得到天线每一个端口的测试数据，实现了多端口天线发射状态的同时测试。The technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, to propose an antenna testing system and method based on a digital switch, to adopt a code division signal source to generate an orthogonal code division modulated radio frequency signal, to connect the modulated signals of different codes to different antenna ports to be tested, to transmit them simultaneously, to collect signals at the receiving end receiver, to obtain test data of each port of the antenna by demodulating and decoding the test path and the reference path and comparing the amplitude and phase, and to realize simultaneous testing of the transmitting status of multi-port antennas.
本发明的技术解决方案是：The technical solution of the present invention is:
一种基于数字开关的天线测试系统，所述的天线测试系统包括码分信号源、收耦合器、隔离器、合路器、码分接收机、标准接收天线；An antenna test system based on a digital switch, the antenna test system comprising a code division signal source, a receiving coupler, an isolator, a combiner, a code division receiver, and a standard receiving antenna;
码分信号源包括码子生成模块1、码子生成模块2、……、码子生成模块N、基带生成模块1、基带生成模块2、……、基带生成模块N、射频调制模块1、射频调制模块2、……、射频调制模块N；The code division signal source includes a code generation module 1, a code generation module 2, ..., a code generation module N, a baseband generation module 1, a baseband generation module 2, ..., a baseband generation module N, a radio frequency modulation module 1, a radio frequency modulation module 2, ..., a radio frequency modulation module N;
码子生成模块1用于产生码子信号C1，并将产生的码子信号C1输出给基带生成模块1；基带生成模块1用于接收码子生成模块1产生的码子信号C1，并根据接收到的码子信号C1产生基带信号B1，最后将产生的基带信号B1输出给射频调制模块1；射频调制模块1用于接收基带生成模块1产生的基带信号B1，并根据接收到的基带信号B1产生射频信号F1，最后将产生的产生射频信号F1输出给耦合器1；耦合器1用于接收射频调制模块1产生的射频信号F1，并根据接收到的射频信号F1产生对应频率的信号路信号A1和同频同码的参考路信号R1，最后将产生的对应频率的信号路信号A1输出给待测天线端口1，将产生的同频同码的参考路信号R1输出给隔离器1；隔离器1用于接收耦合器1输出的信号路信号A1，并对接收到的信号路信号A1进行隔离后输出隔离后的信号路信号A1给合路器；待测天线端口1用于接收耦合器1产生的信号路信号A1，并将接收的信号路信号A1发送给标准接收天线；The code generation module 1 is used to generate a code signal C1, and output the generated code signal C1 to the baseband generation module 1; the baseband generation module 1 is used to receive the code signal C1 generated by the code generation module 1, and generate a baseband signal B1 according to the received code signal C1, and finally output the generated baseband signal B1 to the RF modulation module 1; the RF modulation module 1 is used to receive the baseband signal B1 generated by the baseband generation module 1, and generate a RF signal F1 according to the received baseband signal B1, and finally output the generated RF signal F1 to the coupler 1; the coupler 1 is used to receive the RF signal generated by the RF modulation module 1 Signal F1, and generate a signal path signal A1 of the corresponding frequency and a reference path signal R1 of the same frequency and code according to the received RF signal F1, and finally output the generated signal path signal A1 of the corresponding frequency to the antenna port 1 to be tested, and output the generated reference path signal R1 of the same frequency and code to the isolator 1; the isolator 1 is used to receive the signal path signal A1 output by the coupler 1, and isolate the received signal path signal A1 and then output the isolated signal path signal A1 to the combiner; the antenna port 1 to be tested is used to receive the signal path signal A1 generated by the coupler 1, and send the received signal path signal A1 to the standard receiving antenna;
射频信号F1的射频频率应满足待测天线频段要求；The radio frequency of the radio frequency signal F1 should meet the frequency band requirements of the antenna to be tested;
耦合器1工作频率应该覆盖待测天线频率要求，耦合度不做要求；The operating frequency of coupler 1 should cover the frequency requirement of the antenna to be tested, and there is no requirement for the coupling degree;
码子生成模块2用于产生码子信号C2，并将产生的码子信号C2输出给基带生成模块2；基带生成模块2用于接收码子生成模块2产生的码子信号C2，并根据接收到的码子信号C2产生基带信号B2，最后将产生的基带信号B2输出给射频调制模块2；射频调制模块2用于接收基带生成模块2产生的基带信号B2，并根据接收到的基带信号B2产生射频信号F2，最后将产生的产生射频信号F2输出给耦合器2；耦合器2用于接收射频调制模块2产生的射频信号F2，并根据接收到的射频信号F2产生对应频率的信号路信号A2和同频同码的参考路信号R2，最后将产生的对应频率的信号路信号A2输出给待测天线端口2，将产生的同频同码的参考路信号R2输出给隔离器2；隔离器2用于接收耦合器2输出的信号路信号A2，并对接收到的信号路信号A2进行隔离后输出隔离后的信号路信号A2给合路器；待测天线端口2用于接收耦合器2产生的信号路信号A2，并将接收的信号路信号A2发送给标准接收天线；The code generation module 2 is used to generate a code signal C2, and output the generated code signal C2 to the baseband generation module 2; the baseband generation module 2 is used to receive the code signal C2 generated by the code generation module 2, and generate a baseband signal B2 according to the received code signal C2, and finally output the generated baseband signal B2 to the RF modulation module 2; the RF modulation module 2 is used to receive the baseband signal B2 generated by the baseband generation module 2, and generate a RF signal F2 according to the received baseband signal B2, and finally output the generated RF signal F2 to the coupler 2; the coupler 2 is used to receive the RF signal generated by the RF modulation module 2 Signal F2, and generate a signal path signal A2 of the corresponding frequency and a reference path signal R2 of the same frequency and code according to the received RF signal F2, and finally output the generated signal path signal A2 of the corresponding frequency to the antenna port 2 to be tested, and output the generated reference path signal R2 of the same frequency and code to the isolator 2; the isolator 2 is used to receive the signal path signal A2 output by the coupler 2, and isolate the received signal path signal A2 and then output the isolated signal path signal A2 to the combiner; the antenna port 2 to be tested is used to receive the signal path signal A2 generated by the coupler 2, and send the received signal path signal A2 to the standard receiving antenna;
射频信号F2的射频频率应满足待测天线频段要求；The radio frequency of the radio frequency signal F2 should meet the frequency band requirements of the antenna to be tested;
耦合器2工作频率应该覆盖待测天线频率要求，耦合度不做要求；The operating frequency of coupler 2 should cover the frequency requirement of the antenna to be tested, and there is no requirement for the coupling degree;
………
码子生成模块N用于产生码子信号CN，并将产生的码子信号CN输出给基带生成模块N；基带生成模块N用于接收码子生成模块N产生的码子信号CN，并根据接收到的码子信号CN产生基带信号BN，最后将产生的基带信号BN输出给射频调制模块N；射频调制模块N用于接收基带生成模块N产生的基带信号BN，并根据接收到的基带信号BN产生射频信号FN，最后将产生的产生射频信号FN输出给耦合器N；耦合器N用于接收射频调制模块N产生的射频信号FN，并根据接收到的射频信号FN产生对应频率的信号路信号AN和同频同码的参考路信号RN，最后将产生的对应频率的信号路信号AN输出给待测天线端口N，将产生的同频同码的参考路信号RN输出给隔离器N；隔离器N用于接收耦合器N输出的信号路信号AN，并对接收到的信号路信号AN进行隔离后输出隔离后的信号路信号AN给合路器；待测天线端口N用于接收耦合器N产生的信号路信号AN，并将接收的信号路信号AN发送给标准接收天线；The code generation module N is used to generate a code signal CN, and output the generated code signal CN to the baseband generation module N; the baseband generation module N is used to receive the code signal CN generated by the code generation module N, and generate a baseband signal BN according to the received code signal CN, and finally output the generated baseband signal BN to the RF modulation module N; the RF modulation module N is used to receive the baseband signal BN generated by the baseband generation module N, and generate a RF signal FN according to the received baseband signal BN, and finally output the generated RF signal FN to the coupler N; the coupler N is used to receive the RF signal generated by the RF modulation module N Signal FN, and generate a signal path signal AN of the corresponding frequency and a reference path signal RN of the same frequency and code according to the received RF signal FN, and finally output the generated signal path signal AN of the corresponding frequency to the antenna port N to be tested, and output the generated reference path signal RN of the same frequency and code to the isolator N; the isolator N is used to receive the signal path signal AN output by the coupler N, and isolate the received signal path signal AN and then output the isolated signal path signal AN to the combiner; the antenna port N to be tested is used to receive the signal path signal AN generated by the coupler N, and send the received signal path signal AN to the standard receiving antenna;
射频信号FN的射频频率应满足待测天线频段要求；The RF frequency of the RF signal FN should meet the frequency band requirements of the antenna to be tested;
耦合器N工作频率应该覆盖待测天线频率要求，耦合度不做要求；The operating frequency of coupler N should cover the frequency requirement of the antenna to be tested, and there is no requirement for the coupling degree;
码子信号C1、码子信号C2、……、码子信号CN相互正交，码子信号C1、码子信号C2、……、码子信号CN为Walsh码、Golden码等多种通信常用正交码子；The code signal C1, the code signal C2, ..., and the code signal CN are mutually orthogonal, and the code signal C1, the code signal C2, ..., and the code signal CN are various orthogonal codes commonly used in communications such as Walsh code and Golden code;
合路器用于接收隔离器1输出的参考路信号R1、隔离器2输出的参考路信号R2、……、隔离器N输出的参考路信号RN，并将接收到的参考路信号R1、参考路信号R2、……、参考路信号RN合成一路，产生参考路合成信号R并输出给码分接收机中的下变频模块1；The combiner is used to receive the reference path signal R1 output by the isolator 1, the reference path signal R2 output by the isolator 2, ..., and the reference path signal RN output by the isolator N, and synthesize the received reference path signal R1, the reference path signal R2, ..., and the reference path signal RN into one path, generate a reference path synthesized signal R and output it to the down-conversion module 1 in the code division receiver;
合路器的工作频率应该覆盖待测天线频率要求；The operating frequency of the combiner should cover the frequency requirements of the antenna to be tested;
标准接收天线用于接收信号路信号A1、信号路信号A2、……、信号路信号AN，并将接收到的信号路信号A1、信号路信号A2、……、信号路信号AN合成一路信号路信号A输出给下变频模块2；The standard receiving antenna is used to receive the signal path signal A1, the signal path signal A2, ..., the signal path signal AN, and synthesize the received signal path signal A1, the signal path signal A2, ..., the signal path signal AN into a signal path signal A and output it to the down-conversion module 2;
耦合器、隔离器、合路器可以分离在码分信号源外，也可集成在内，作为一体化设计；Couplers, isolators, and combiners can be separated from the code division signal source or integrated into it as an integrated design;
码分接收机包括下变频模块1、下变频模块2、模数转换模块1、模数转换模块2、解调模块1、解调模块2、数据处理模块；The code division receiver includes a down-conversion module 1, a down-conversion module 2, an analog-to-digital conversion module 1, an analog-to-digital conversion module 2, a demodulation module 1, a demodulation module 2, and a data processing module;
下变频模块1用于接收合路器输出的参考路合成信号R，并将接收到的参考路合成信号R进行下变频后输出下变频后的信号RL给模数转换模块1；模数转换模块1用于接收下变频模块1输出的下变频后的信号RL，并将接收到的下变频后的信号RL进行模数转换后输出参考路数字信号RD给解调模块1；解调模块1用于接收模数转换模块1输出的参考路数字信号RD，并对接收到的参考路数字信号RD进行解调后输出参考路信号Ref1、Ref2、……、RefN给数据处理模块；The down-conversion module 1 is used to receive the reference path synthesis signal R output by the combiner, and down-convert the received reference path synthesis signal R and output the down-converted signal RL to the analog-to-digital conversion module 1; the analog-to-digital conversion module 1 is used to receive the down-converted signal RL output by the down-conversion module 1, and perform analog-to-digital conversion on the received down-converted signal RL and output the reference path digital signal RD to the demodulation module 1; the demodulation module 1 is used to receive the reference path digital signal RD output by the analog-to-digital conversion module 1, and demodulate the received reference path digital signal RD and output the reference path signals Ref1, Ref2, ..., RefN to the data processing module;
下变频模块2用于接收标准接收天线输出的信号路信号A，并将接收到的信号路信号A进行下变频后输出下变频后的信号AL给模数转换模块2；模数转换模块2用于接收下变频模块2输出的下变频后的信号AL，并将接收到的下变频后的信号AL进行模数转换后输出参考路数字信号AD给解调模块2；解调模块2用于接收模数转换模块2输出的参考路数字信号AD，并对接收到的参考路数字信号AD进行解调后输出测试路信号S1、S2……SN送入数据处理模块；The down-conversion module 2 is used to receive the signal path signal A output by the standard receiving antenna, and after down-converting the received signal path signal A, output the down-converted signal AL to the analog-to-digital conversion module 2; the analog-to-digital conversion module 2 is used to receive the down-converted signal AL output by the down-conversion module 2, and after analog-to-digital conversion of the received down-converted signal AL, output the reference path digital signal AD to the demodulation module 2; the demodulation module 2 is used to receive the reference path digital signal AD output by the analog-to-digital conversion module 2, and after demodulating the received reference path digital signal AD, output the test path signals S1, S2...SN to the data processing module;
数据处理模块将接解调模块1输出的参考路信号Ref1、Ref2、……、RefN和解调模块2输出的信号路信号S1、S2……SN。数据处理模块对S1与Ref1进行比幅比相处理，得到待测天线端口1对应的方向图幅度与相位信息。数据处理模块对S2与Ref2进行比幅比相处理，得到待测天线端口2对应的方向图幅度与相位信息。……数据处理模块对SN与RefN进行比幅比相处理，得到待测天线端口N对应的方向图幅度与相位信息。The data processing module receives the reference path signals Ref1, Ref2, ..., RefN output by the demodulation module 1 and the signal path signals S1, S2 ... SN output by the demodulation module 2. The data processing module performs amplitude and phase comparison processing on S1 and Ref1 to obtain the amplitude and phase information of the directional pattern corresponding to the antenna port 1 to be tested. The data processing module performs amplitude and phase comparison processing on S2 and Ref2 to obtain the amplitude and phase information of the directional pattern corresponding to the antenna port 2 to be tested. ... The data processing module performs amplitude and phase comparison processing on SN and RefN to obtain the amplitude and phase information of the directional pattern corresponding to the antenna port N to be tested.
机械设备：对应不同天线测试场地，如远场、紧缩场、平面近场、柱面近场、球面近场，支撑待测天线与标准接收天线，并使待测天线与标准接收天线按照要求进行相互位置移动的设备，远场、紧缩场、球面近场对应球面点集相对位置，平面近场对应平面点集相对位置，柱面近场对应柱面点集相对位置。Mechanical equipment: corresponding to different antenna test sites, such as far field, compact field, plane near field, cylindrical near field, spherical near field, supporting the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna, and making the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna move relative to each other as required. The far field, compact field, and spherical near field correspond to the relative position of the spherical point set, the plane near field corresponds to the relative position of the plane point set, and the cylindrical near field corresponds to the relative position of the cylindrical point set.
一种基于数字开关的天线测试方法，步骤如下：An antenna testing method based on a digital switch, the steps are as follows:
(1)按照天线测试方法将待测天线进行安装，场地校准；对于远场，待测天线与标准接收天线架设在对应机械设备上，二者距离大于D，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的球面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。(1) Install the antenna to be tested according to the antenna test method and perform field calibration. For the far field, the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna are mounted on corresponding mechanical equipment with a distance greater than D. During the test, the standard receiving antenna performs a spherical scanning motion around the antenna to be tested. The scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna to be tested.
d1--待测天线口径大小d1--the diameter of the antenna to be tested
d2--标准接收天线口径大小d2--standard receiving antenna aperture size
λ--测试频率内最高频率对应的波长λ--The wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency in the test frequency
对于紧缩场，待测天线与标准接收天线架设在对应机械设备上，待测天线要处于紧缩场静区内，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的球面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For a compact field, the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna are mounted on corresponding mechanical equipment. The antenna to be tested must be in the quiet area of the compact field, and during the test, the standard receiving antenna must complete a spherical scanning motion around the antenna to be tested. The scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna to be tested.
对于平面近场，待测天线与标准接收天线放置对应机械设备上，待测天线与标准接收天线距离介于3λ～D之间，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的平面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For the planar near field, the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna are placed on corresponding mechanical equipment, the distance between the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna is between 3λ and D, and the standard receiving antenna completes a planar scanning motion around the antenna to be tested during the test, and the scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna to be tested.
对于柱面近场，待测天线与标准接收天线放置对应机械设备上，待测天线与标准接收天线距离介于3λ～D之间，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的平面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For the cylindrical near field, the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna are placed on corresponding mechanical equipment, the distance between the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna is between 3λ and D, and the standard receiving antenna completes a planar scanning motion around the antenna to be tested during the test, and the scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna to be tested.
对于球面近场，待测天线与标准接收天线放置对应机械设备上，待测天线与标准接收天线距离介于3λ～D之间，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的球面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For the spherical near field, the antenna under test and the standard receiving antenna are placed on corresponding mechanical equipment, the distance between the antenna under test and the standard receiving antenna is between 3λ and D, and the standard receiving antenna completes a spherical scanning motion around the antenna under test during the test. The scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna under test.
(2)按照本方法要求进行链路搭建，码分接收机与耦合器相连，耦合器输出的信号路与待测天线多个对应端口相连。耦合器输出的参考路与隔离器相连，隔离器输出的信号路信号与合路器相连，合路器输出的参考路信号与码分接收机的参考路相连。待测天线发射的信号通过空间传输到标准接收天线处，通过标准接收天线进行接收，然手输送给码分接收机的信号路。(2) According to the requirements of this method, the link is established, the code division receiver is connected to the coupler, and the signal path output by the coupler is connected to multiple corresponding ports of the antenna under test. The reference path output by the coupler is connected to the isolator, the signal path signal output by the isolator is connected to the combiner, and the reference path signal output by the combiner is connected to the reference path of the code division receiver. The signal emitted by the antenna under test is transmitted through space to the standard receiving antenna, received by the standard receiving antenna, and then transmitted to the signal path of the code division receiver.
(3)设置码分信号源参数，如正交码子类型、码长、码子数量、射频频率等参数。以Walsh码为例，由码子生成模块1、2、N生成互相正交的Walsh码子C1、C2……CN。对应码子信息进入对应的基带生成模块产生对应的基带信号B1、B2……BN。(3) Setting the code division signal source parameters, such as orthogonal code type, code length, code number, radio frequency, etc. Taking Walsh code as an example, the code generation modules 1, 2, and N generate mutually orthogonal Walsh codes C1, C2, ..., CN. The corresponding code information enters the corresponding baseband generation module to generate the corresponding baseband signals B1, B2, ..., BN.
式中i——通道编号。Where i is the channel number.
Ci(t)——第i路Walsh码。Ci(t)——the i-th Walsh code.
A——基带信号幅度，为常数A——Baseband signal amplitude, a constant
——基带信号相位，随时间周期变化 ——Baseband signal phase, which changes with time period
Bi(t)——基带信号Bi(t)——baseband signal
w0——基带信号角频率w 0 ——baseband signal angular frequency
基带信号B1、B2……BN进入射频调制模块，调制为测试对应的射频频率并输出射频信号F1、F2……FN。The baseband signals B1, B2, ..., BN enter the RF modulation module, are modulated to the RF frequency corresponding to the test, and output RF signals F1, F2, ..., FN.
式中i——通道编号。Where i is the channel number.
Ci(t)——第i路Walsh码。Ci(t)——the i-th Walsh code.
A′i——被调制信号幅度A′i——modulated signal amplitude
——调制信号相位，随时间周期变化 ——The phase of the modulated signal changes with the time period
Fi(t)——调制后射频信号Fi(t)——modulated RF signal
HF——高通滤波HF——High Pass Filter
wt+φi——调制后信号相位，随时间周期变化wt+φi——modulated signal phase, changes with time period
w1——被调制信号角频率w 1 —— modulated signal angular frequency
w——调制后信号角频率，w＝w0+w1 w——angular frequency of the modulated signal, w＝w 0 +w 1
(4)设定机械装置扫描范围、测试距离，进行机械运动同时进行信号源发射，调制后的射频信号通过耦合器分为测试信号F1、F2……FN，参考路R1、R2……RN。射频信号经过待测天线发射，通过空间传输然后被标准接收天线接收，得到信号路信号A，进入码分接收机。参考路信号经过合路器合成为参考路信号R，进入码分接收机。(4) Set the scanning range and test distance of the mechanical device, perform mechanical movement and transmit the signal source at the same time. The modulated RF signal is divided into test signals F1, F2...FN and reference signals R1, R2...RN through a coupler. The RF signal is transmitted through the antenna to be tested, transmitted through space and then received by the standard receiving antenna to obtain the signal path signal A, which enters the code division receiver. The reference path signal is synthesized into the reference path signal R through a combiner and enters the code division receiver.
ami——由待测天线性质附加的幅度值ami——Amplitude value added by the properties of the antenna to be tested
phi——由待测天线性质附加的相位值phi - phase value added by the properties of the antenna to be measured
(5)接收到测试信号A和参考信号R之后进行下变频，模数转换，解调，分离出对应不同待测天线端口的信号。(5) After receiving the test signal A and the reference signal R, down-conversion, analog-to-digital conversion, and demodulation are performed to separate the signals corresponding to the different antenna ports to be tested.
进行下变频低通处理：Perform down-conversion low-pass processing:
LF——低通滤波LF——Low Pass Filter
——下变频时引入的相移常数 ——Phase shift constant introduced during down-conversion
模数转换仅仅改变信号形式，不改变信号本身，然后通过解调进行信号解调，利用码子正交性质可分离出各路信号：Analog-to-digital conversion only changes the signal form, not the signal itself. Then the signal is demodulated by demodulation, and the orthogonal properties of the codes can be used to separate the signals:
Ciam——所选码子相关解调后的常数Ciam——Constant after the selected code is demodulated
解调后的信号在接收机数据处理模块中进行对应数据的比幅比相处理，得到待测天线对应端口对应的幅度和相位信息。The demodulated signal is subjected to amplitude and phase comparison processing of the corresponding data in the receiver data processing module to obtain the amplitude and phase information corresponding to the corresponding port of the antenna to be tested.
式中In the formula
Ami——待测天线第i路端口对应的幅度信息Am i ——Amplitude information corresponding to the i-th port of the antenna to be tested
Phi——待测天线第i路端口对应的相位信息Ph i ——Phase information corresponding to the i-th port of the antenna to be tested
(6)重复上述(3)～(5)完成所有对应机械位置的幅度相位信息。根据所得到的每一个端口的数据，利用数据处理得到不同端口的远场方向图，完成测试。若采用平面、柱面、球面测试，其中的近远场变换为天线测试中的标准公开技术，这里不再赘述。若采用远场和紧缩场，直接测试得到远场方向图。(6) Repeat the above (3) to (5) to complete the amplitude and phase information of all corresponding mechanical positions. Based on the data obtained for each port, the far-field radiation pattern of different ports is obtained by data processing to complete the test. If plane, cylindrical, or spherical testing is used, the near-field and far-field transformations are standard public technologies in antenna testing and will not be described here. If far-field and compact field are used, the far-field radiation pattern is obtained by direct testing.
多端口天线工作在发射状态，与码分信号源相连，，码分源的发射通道隔离度应大于等于100dB。The multi-port antenna works in the transmitting state and is connected to the code division signal source. The transmission channel isolation of the code division source should be greater than or equal to 100dB.
码分源产生多路正交码编码扩频调制的射频信号，扩频调制码子码长应大于等于32阶。The code division source generates multiple orthogonal code coded spread spectrum modulated radio frequency signals, and the spread spectrum modulation code length should be greater than or equal to 32 orders.
码分源的多路信号的每一路需要分出一路进行合成形成包含所有码子信号的参考路射频信号，且参考路每一路都接入隔离器，隔离器反向隔离度要求30dB以上。Each of the multiple signals of the code division source needs to be separated into one path for synthesis to form a reference path RF signal containing all code sub-signals, and each reference path is connected to an isolator, and the reverse isolation of the isolator is required to be above 30dB.
码分接收机可以同时接收参考路和信号路进行处理，根据已知各路的正交码进行相关解调，区分不同码子对应信号的幅度和相位。并进行对应码子的测试路与参考路的比幅比相，得到所求的幅度相位值The code division receiver can receive the reference path and the signal path at the same time for processing, and perform correlation demodulation based on the known orthogonal codes of each path to distinguish the amplitude and phase of the signals corresponding to different codes. The amplitude and phase of the test path of the corresponding code are compared with the reference path to obtain the required amplitude and phase values.
一种基于数字开关的天线测试方法，步骤如下：An antenna testing method based on a digital switch, the steps are as follows:
(1)按照天线测试方法将待测天线进行安装，场地校准；对于远场，待测天线与标准接收天线架设在对应机械设备上，二者距离大于D，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的球面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。(1) Install the antenna to be tested according to the antenna test method and perform field calibration. For the far field, the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna are mounted on corresponding mechanical equipment with a distance greater than D. During the test, the standard receiving antenna performs a spherical scanning motion around the antenna to be tested. The scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna to be tested.
d1--待测天线口径大小d1--the diameter of the antenna to be tested
d2--标准接收天线口径大小d2--standard receiving antenna aperture size
λ--测试频率内最高频率对应的波长λ--The wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency in the test frequency
对于紧缩场，待测天线与标准接收天线架设在对应机械设备上，待测天线要处于紧缩场静区内，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的球面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For a compact field, the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna are mounted on corresponding mechanical equipment. The antenna to be tested must be in the quiet area of the compact field, and during the test, the standard receiving antenna must complete a spherical scanning motion around the antenna to be tested. The scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna to be tested.
对于平面近场，待测天线与标准接收天线放置对应机械设备上，待测天线与标准接收天线距离介于3λ～D之间，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的平面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For the planar near field, the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna are placed on corresponding mechanical equipment, the distance between the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna is between 3λ and D, and the standard receiving antenna completes a planar scanning motion around the antenna to be tested during the test, and the scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna to be tested.
对于柱面近场，待测天线与标准接收天线放置对应机械设备上，待测天线与标准接收天线距离介于3λ～D之间，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的平面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For the cylindrical near field, the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna are placed on corresponding mechanical equipment, the distance between the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna is between 3λ and D, and the standard receiving antenna completes a planar scanning motion around the antenna to be tested during the test, and the scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna to be tested.
对于球面近场，待测天线与标准接收天线放置对应机械设备上，待测天线与标准接收天线距离介于3λ～D之间，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的球面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For the spherical near field, the antenna under test and the standard receiving antenna are placed on corresponding mechanical equipment, the distance between the antenna under test and the standard receiving antenna is between 3λ and D, and the standard receiving antenna completes a spherical scanning motion around the antenna under test during the test. The scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna under test.
(2)按照本方法要求进行链路搭建，码分接收机与耦合器相连，耦合器输出的信号路与待测天线多个对应端口相连。耦合器输出的参考路与隔离器相连，隔离器输出的信号路信号与合路器相连，合路器输出的参考路信号与码分接收机的参考路相连。待测天线发射的信号通过空间传输到标准接收天线处，通过标准接收天线进行接收，然手输送给码分接收机的信号路。(2) According to the requirements of this method, the link is established, the code division receiver is connected to the coupler, and the signal path output by the coupler is connected to multiple corresponding ports of the antenna under test. The reference path output by the coupler is connected to the isolator, the signal path signal output by the isolator is connected to the combiner, and the reference path signal output by the combiner is connected to the reference path of the code division receiver. The signal emitted by the antenna under test is transmitted through space to the standard receiving antenna, received by the standard receiving antenna, and then transmitted to the signal path of the code division receiver.
(3)设置码分信号源参数，如正交码子类型、码长、码子数量、射频频率等参数。以Walsh码为例，由码子生成模块1、2、N生成互相正交的Walsh码子C1、C2……CN。对应码子信息进入对应的基带生成模块产生对应的基带信号B1、B2……BN。(3) Setting the code division signal source parameters, such as orthogonal code type, code length, code number, radio frequency, etc. Taking Walsh code as an example, the code generation modules 1, 2, and N generate mutually orthogonal Walsh codes C1, C2, ..., CN. The corresponding code information enters the corresponding baseband generation module to generate the corresponding baseband signals B1, B2, ..., BN.
式中i——通道编号。Where i is the channel number.
Ci(t)——第i路Walsh码。Ci(t)——the i-th Walsh code.
A——基带信号幅度，为常数A——Baseband signal amplitude, a constant
——基带信号相位，随时间周期变化 ——Baseband signal phase, which changes with time period
Bi(t)——基带信号Bi(t)——baseband signal
w0——基带信号角频率w 0 ——baseband signal angular frequency
基带信号B1、B2……BN进入射频调制模块，调制为测试对应的射频频率并输出射频信号F1、F2……FN。The baseband signals B1, B2, ..., BN enter the RF modulation module, are modulated to the RF frequency corresponding to the test, and output RF signals F1, F2, ..., FN.
式中i——通道编号。Where i is the channel number.
Ci(t)——第i路Walsh码。Ci(t)——the i-th Walsh code.
A′i——被调制信号幅度A′i——modulated signal amplitude
——调制信号相位，随时间周期变化 ——The phase of the modulated signal changes with the time period
Fi(t)——调制后射频信号Fi(t)——modulated RF signal
HF——高通滤波HF——High Pass Filter
wt+φi——调制后信号相位，随时间周期变化wt+φi——modulated signal phase, changes with time period
w1——被调制信号角频率w 1 —— modulated signal angular frequency
w——调制后信号角频率，w＝w0+w1 w——angular frequency of the modulated signal, w＝w 0 +w 1
(4)设定机械装置扫描范围、测试距离，进行机械运动同时进行信号源发射，调制后的射频信号通过耦合器分为测试信号F1、F2……FN，参考路R1、R2……RN。射频信号经过待测天线发射，通过空间传输然后被标准接收天线接收，得到信号路信号A，进入码分接收机。参考路信号经过合路器合成为参考路信号R，进入码分接收机。(4) Set the scanning range and test distance of the mechanical device, perform mechanical movement and transmit the signal source at the same time. The modulated RF signal is divided into test signals F1, F2...FN and reference signals R1, R2...RN through a coupler. The RF signal is transmitted through the antenna to be tested, transmitted through space and then received by the standard receiving antenna to obtain the signal path signal A, which enters the code division receiver. The reference path signal is synthesized into the reference path signal R through a combiner and enters the code division receiver.
ami——由待测天线性质附加的幅度值ami——Amplitude value added by the properties of the antenna to be tested
phi——由待测天线性质附加的相位值phi - phase value added by the properties of the antenna to be measured
(5)接收到测试信号A和参考信号R之后进行下变频，模数转换，解调，分离出对应不同待测天线端口的信号。(5) After receiving the test signal A and the reference signal R, down-conversion, analog-to-digital conversion, and demodulation are performed to separate the signals corresponding to the different antenna ports to be tested.
进行下变频低通处理：Perform down-conversion low-pass processing:
LF——低通滤波LF——Low Pass Filter
——下变频时引入的相移常数 ——Phase shift constant introduced during down-conversion
模数转换仅仅改变信号形式，不改变信号本身，然后通过解调进行信号解调，利用码子正交性质可分离出各路信号：Analog-to-digital conversion only changes the signal form, not the signal itself. Then the signal is demodulated by demodulation, and the orthogonal properties of the codes can be used to separate the signals:
Ciam——所选码子相关解调后的常数Ciam——Constant after the selected code is demodulated
解调后的信号在接收机数据处理模块中进行对应数据的比幅比相处理，得到待测天线对应端口对应的幅度和相位信息。The demodulated signal is subjected to amplitude and phase comparison processing of the corresponding data in the receiver data processing module to obtain the amplitude and phase information corresponding to the corresponding port of the antenna to be tested.
式中In the formula
Ami——待测天线第i路端口对应的幅度信息Am i ——Amplitude information corresponding to the i-th port of the antenna to be tested
Phi——待测天线第i路端口对应的相位信息Ph i ——Phase information corresponding to the i-th port of the antenna to be tested
(6)重复上述(3)～(5)完成所有对应机械位置的幅度相位信息。根据所得到的每一个端口的数据，利用数据处理得到不同端口的远场方向图，完成测试。若采用平面、柱面、球面测试，其中的近远场变换为天线测试中的标准公开技术，这里不再赘述。若采用远场和紧缩场，直接测试得到远场方向图。(6) Repeat the above (3) to (5) to complete the amplitude and phase information of all corresponding mechanical positions. Based on the data obtained for each port, the far-field radiation pattern of different ports is obtained by data processing to complete the test. If plane, cylindrical, or spherical testing is used, the near-field and far-field transformations are standard public technologies in antenna testing and will not be described here. If far-field and compact field are used, the far-field radiation pattern is obtained by direct testing.
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are:
(1)本发明采用了码分调制技术实现了多端口天线同时发射并且同时接收，而且分离出不同端口各自的测试信息，大幅提高了测试效率。(1) The present invention adopts code division modulation technology to realize simultaneous transmission and reception of multi-port antennas, and separates the test information of different ports, thereby greatly improving the test efficiency.
(2)本发明与传统开关分时切换相比，没有了传统开关分时切换所带来的时间问题与由于开关差损带来的动态范围下降问题。(2) Compared with the traditional time-sharing switching of switches, the present invention does not have the time problem caused by the traditional time-sharing switching of switches and the problem of reduced dynamic range caused by switch loss.
(3)本发明与多通道接收机测试方法相比，用于多端口多波束天线的发射模式。弥补了多通道接收机测试方法的不足。(3) Compared with the multi-channel receiver test method, the present invention is used for the transmission mode of the multi-port multi-beam antenna, which makes up for the shortcomings of the multi-channel receiver test method.
(4)一种基于数字开关的天线测试方法，本发明采用信号多通道调制，在信号发射端进行信号调制编码，通过待测天线多端口发射，在接收端进行信号解调解码，得到不同通道对应的幅度和相位信息，最后经过数据处理，得到多端口天线的测试结果，实现了多端口天线同时测试。该技术是以传统天线测试系统为基础，加入信号编码技术，大幅提高多端口天线的测试效率。(4) An antenna testing method based on a digital switch. The present invention adopts multi-channel signal modulation, performs signal modulation encoding at the signal transmitting end, transmits through the multi-port of the antenna to be tested, and performs signal demodulation and decoding at the receiving end to obtain the amplitude and phase information corresponding to different channels. Finally, after data processing, the test results of the multi-port antenna are obtained, realizing the simultaneous testing of the multi-port antenna. This technology is based on the traditional antenna testing system and adds signal coding technology to greatly improve the test efficiency of the multi-port antenna.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明的系统组成示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the system composition of the present invention;
图2为未加码子的情况下方向图干扰结果数据；Figure 2 shows the interference result data of the directional pattern without adding code sub;
图3为正交码情况下的方向图测试结果。FIG3 is a directional pattern test result in the case of orthogonal codes.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面结合附图对本发明天线做详细的说明，具体如下：The antenna of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, as follows:
一、系统核心组成1. System Core Components
一种基于数字开关的天线测试系统，所述的天线测试系统包括码分信号源、收耦合器、隔离器、合路器、码分接收机、标准接收天线；An antenna test system based on a digital switch, the antenna test system comprising a code division signal source, a receiving coupler, an isolator, a combiner, a code division receiver, and a standard receiving antenna;
码分信号源包括码子生成模块1、码子生成模块2、……、码子生成模块N、基带生成模块1、基带生成模块2、……、基带生成模块N、射频调制模块1、射频调制模块2、……、射频调制模块N；The code division signal source includes a code generation module 1, a code generation module 2, ..., a code generation module N, a baseband generation module 1, a baseband generation module 2, ..., a baseband generation module N, a radio frequency modulation module 1, a radio frequency modulation module 2, ..., a radio frequency modulation module N;
码子生成模块1用于产生码子信号C1，并将产生的码子信号C1输出给基带生成模块1；基带生成模块1用于接收码子生成模块1产生的码子信号C1，并根据接收到的码子信号C1产生基带信号B1，最后将产生的基带信号B1输出给射频调制模块1；射频调制模块1用于接收基带生成模块1产生的基带信号B1，并根据接收到的基带信号B1产生射频信号F1，最后将产生的产生射频信号F1输出给耦合器1；耦合器1用于接收射频调制模块1产生的射频信号F1，并根据接收到的射频信号F1产生对应频率的信号路信号A1和同频同码的参考路信号R1，最后将产生的对应频率的信号路信号A1输出给待测天线端口1，将产生的同频同码的参考路信号R1输出给隔离器1；隔离器1用于接收耦合器1输出的信号路信号A1，并对接收到的信号路信号A1进行隔离后输出隔离后的信号路信号A1给合路器；待测天线端口1用于接收耦合器1产生的信号路信号A1，并将接收的信号路信号A1发送给标准接收天线；The code generation module 1 is used to generate a code signal C1, and output the generated code signal C1 to the baseband generation module 1; the baseband generation module 1 is used to receive the code signal C1 generated by the code generation module 1, and generate a baseband signal B1 according to the received code signal C1, and finally output the generated baseband signal B1 to the RF modulation module 1; the RF modulation module 1 is used to receive the baseband signal B1 generated by the baseband generation module 1, and generate a RF signal F1 according to the received baseband signal B1, and finally output the generated RF signal F1 to the coupler 1; the coupler 1 is used to receive the RF signal generated by the RF modulation module 1 Signal F1, and generate a signal path signal A1 of the corresponding frequency and a reference path signal R1 of the same frequency and code according to the received RF signal F1, and finally output the generated signal path signal A1 of the corresponding frequency to the antenna port 1 to be tested, and output the generated reference path signal R1 of the same frequency and code to the isolator 1; the isolator 1 is used to receive the signal path signal A1 output by the coupler 1, and isolate the received signal path signal A1 and then output the isolated signal path signal A1 to the combiner; the antenna port 1 to be tested is used to receive the signal path signal A1 generated by the coupler 1, and send the received signal path signal A1 to the standard receiving antenna;
射频信号F1的射频频率应满足待测天线频段要求；The radio frequency of the radio frequency signal F1 should meet the frequency band requirements of the antenna to be tested;
耦合器1工作频率应该覆盖待测天线频率要求，耦合度不做要求；The operating frequency of coupler 1 should cover the frequency requirement of the antenna to be tested, and there is no requirement for the coupling degree;
码子生成模块2用于产生码子信号C2，并将产生的码子信号C2输出给基带生成模块2；基带生成模块2用于接收码子生成模块2产生的码子信号C2，并根据接收到的码子信号C2产生基带信号B2，最后将产生的基带信号B2输出给射频调制模块2；射频调制模块2用于接收基带生成模块2产生的基带信号B2，并根据接收到的基带信号B2产生射频信号F2，最后将产生的产生射频信号F2输出给耦合器2；耦合器2用于接收射频调制模块2产生的射频信号F2，并根据接收到的射频信号F2产生对应频率的信号路信号A2和同频同码的参考路信号R2，最后将产生的对应频率的信号路信号A2输出给待测天线端口2，将产生的同频同码的参考路信号R2输出给隔离器2；隔离器2用于接收耦合器2输出的信号路信号A2，并对接收到的信号路信号A2进行隔离后输出隔离后的信号路信号A2给合路器；待测天线端口2用于接收耦合器2产生的信号路信号A2，并将接收的信号路信号A2发送给标准接收天线；The code generation module 2 is used to generate a code signal C2, and output the generated code signal C2 to the baseband generation module 2; the baseband generation module 2 is used to receive the code signal C2 generated by the code generation module 2, and generate a baseband signal B2 according to the received code signal C2, and finally output the generated baseband signal B2 to the RF modulation module 2; the RF modulation module 2 is used to receive the baseband signal B2 generated by the baseband generation module 2, and generate a RF signal F2 according to the received baseband signal B2, and finally output the generated RF signal F2 to the coupler 2; the coupler 2 is used to receive the RF signal generated by the RF modulation module 2 Signal F2, and generate a signal path signal A2 of the corresponding frequency and a reference path signal R2 of the same frequency and code according to the received RF signal F2, and finally output the generated signal path signal A2 of the corresponding frequency to the antenna port 2 to be tested, and output the generated reference path signal R2 of the same frequency and code to the isolator 2; the isolator 2 is used to receive the signal path signal A2 output by the coupler 2, and isolate the received signal path signal A2 and then output the isolated signal path signal A2 to the combiner; the antenna port 2 to be tested is used to receive the signal path signal A2 generated by the coupler 2, and send the received signal path signal A2 to the standard receiving antenna;
射频信号F2的射频频率应满足待测天线频段要求；The radio frequency of the radio frequency signal F2 should meet the frequency band requirements of the antenna to be tested;
耦合器2工作频率应该覆盖待测天线频率要求，耦合度不做要求；The operating frequency of coupler 2 should cover the frequency requirement of the antenna to be tested, and there is no requirement for the coupling degree;
………
码子生成模块N用于产生码子信号CN，并将产生的码子信号CN输出给基带生成模块N；基带生成模块N用于接收码子生成模块N产生的码子信号CN，并根据接收到的码子信号CN产生基带信号BN，最后将产生的基带信号BN输出给射频调制模块N；射频调制模块N用于接收基带生成模块N产生的基带信号BN，并根据接收到的基带信号BN产生射频信号FN，最后将产生的产生射频信号FN输出给耦合器N；耦合器N用于接收射频调制模块N产生的射频信号FN，并根据接收到的射频信号FN产生对应频率的信号路信号AN和同频同码的参考路信号RN，最后将产生的对应频率的信号路信号AN输出给待测天线端口N，将产生的同频同码的参考路信号RN输出给隔离器N；隔离器N用于接收耦合器N输出的信号路信号AN，并对接收到的信号路信号AN进行隔离后输出隔离后的信号路信号AN给合路器；待测天线端口N用于接收耦合器N产生的信号路信号AN，并将接收的信号路信号AN发送给标准接收天线；The code generation module N is used to generate a code signal CN, and output the generated code signal CN to the baseband generation module N; the baseband generation module N is used to receive the code signal CN generated by the code generation module N, and generate a baseband signal BN according to the received code signal CN, and finally output the generated baseband signal BN to the RF modulation module N; the RF modulation module N is used to receive the baseband signal BN generated by the baseband generation module N, and generate a RF signal FN according to the received baseband signal BN, and finally output the generated RF signal FN to the coupler N; the coupler N is used to receive the RF signal generated by the RF modulation module N Signal FN, and generate a signal path signal AN of the corresponding frequency and a reference path signal RN of the same frequency and code according to the received RF signal FN, and finally output the generated signal path signal AN of the corresponding frequency to the antenna port N to be tested, and output the generated reference path signal RN of the same frequency and code to the isolator N; the isolator N is used to receive the signal path signal AN output by the coupler N, and isolate the received signal path signal AN and then output the isolated signal path signal AN to the combiner; the antenna port N to be tested is used to receive the signal path signal AN generated by the coupler N, and send the received signal path signal AN to the standard receiving antenna;
射频信号FN的射频频率应满足待测天线频段要求；The RF frequency of the RF signal FN should meet the frequency band requirements of the antenna to be tested;
耦合器N工作频率应该覆盖待测天线频率要求，耦合度不做要求；The operating frequency of coupler N should cover the frequency requirement of the antenna to be tested, and there is no requirement for the coupling degree;
码子信号C1、码子信号C2、……、码子信号CN相互正交，码子信号C1、码子信号C2、……、码子信号CN为Walsh码、Golden码等多种通信常用正交码子；The code signal C1, the code signal C2, ..., and the code signal CN are mutually orthogonal, and the code signal C1, the code signal C2, ..., and the code signal CN are various orthogonal codes commonly used in communications such as Walsh code and Golden code;
合路器用于接收隔离器1输出的参考路信号R1、隔离器2输出的参考路信号R2、……、隔离器N输出的参考路信号RN，并将接收到的参考路信号R1、参考路信号R2、……、参考路信号RN合成一路，产生参考路合成信号R并输出给码分接收机中的下变频模块1；The combiner is used to receive the reference path signal R1 output by the isolator 1, the reference path signal R2 output by the isolator 2, ..., and the reference path signal RN output by the isolator N, and synthesize the received reference path signal R1, the reference path signal R2, ..., and the reference path signal RN into one path, generate a reference path synthesized signal R and output it to the down-conversion module 1 in the code division receiver;
合路器的工作频率应该覆盖待测天线频率要求；The operating frequency of the combiner should cover the frequency requirements of the antenna to be tested;
标准接收天线用于接收信号路信号A1、信号路信号A2、……、信号路信号AN，并将接收到的信号路信号A1、信号路信号A2、……、信号路信号AN合成一路信号路信号A输出给下变频模块2；The standard receiving antenna is used to receive the signal path signal A1, the signal path signal A2, ..., the signal path signal AN, and synthesize the received signal path signal A1, the signal path signal A2, ..., the signal path signal AN into a signal path signal A and output it to the down-conversion module 2;
耦合器、隔离器、合路器可以分离在码分信号源外，也可集成在内，作为一体化设计；Couplers, isolators, and combiners can be separated from the code division signal source or integrated into it as an integrated design;
码分接收机包括下变频模块1、下变频模块2、模数转换模块1、模数转换模块2、解调模块1、解调模块2、数据处理模块；The code division receiver includes a down-conversion module 1, a down-conversion module 2, an analog-to-digital conversion module 1, an analog-to-digital conversion module 2, a demodulation module 1, a demodulation module 2, and a data processing module;
下变频模块1用于接收合路器输出的参考路合成信号R，并将接收到的参考路合成信号R进行下变频后输出下变频后的信号RL给模数转换模块1；模数转换模块1用于接收下变频模块1输出的下变频后的信号RL，并将接收到的下变频后的信号RL进行模数转换后输出参考路数字信号RD给解调模块1；解调模块1用于接收模数转换模块1输出的参考路数字信号RD，并对接收到的参考路数字信号RD进行解调后输出参考路信号Ref1、Ref2、……、RefN给数据处理模块；The down-conversion module 1 is used to receive the reference path synthesis signal R output by the combiner, and down-convert the received reference path synthesis signal R and output the down-converted signal RL to the analog-to-digital conversion module 1; the analog-to-digital conversion module 1 is used to receive the down-converted signal RL output by the down-conversion module 1, and perform analog-to-digital conversion on the received down-converted signal RL and output the reference path digital signal RD to the demodulation module 1; the demodulation module 1 is used to receive the reference path digital signal RD output by the analog-to-digital conversion module 1, and demodulate the received reference path digital signal RD and output the reference path signals Ref1, Ref2, ..., RefN to the data processing module;
下变频模块2用于接收标准接收天线输出的信号路信号A，并将接收到的信号路信号A进行下变频后输出下变频后的信号AL给模数转换模块2；模数转换模块2用于接收下变频模块2输出的下变频后的信号AL，并将接收到的下变频后的信号AL进行模数转换后输出参考路数字信号AD给解调模块2；解调模块2用于接收模数转换模块2输出的参考路数字信号AD，并对接收到的参考路数字信号AD进行解调后输出测试路信号S1、S2……SN送入数据处理模块；The down-conversion module 2 is used to receive the signal path signal A output by the standard receiving antenna, and after down-converting the received signal path signal A, output the down-converted signal AL to the analog-to-digital conversion module 2; the analog-to-digital conversion module 2 is used to receive the down-converted signal AL output by the down-conversion module 2, and after analog-to-digital conversion of the received down-converted signal AL, output the reference path digital signal AD to the demodulation module 2; the demodulation module 2 is used to receive the reference path digital signal AD output by the analog-to-digital conversion module 2, and after demodulating the received reference path digital signal AD, output the test path signals S1, S2...SN to the data processing module;
数据处理模块将接解调模块1输出的参考路信号Ref1、Ref2、……、RefN和解调模块2输出的信号路信号S1、S2……SN。数据处理模块对S1与Ref1进行比幅比相处理，得到待测天线端口1对应的方向图幅度与相位信息。数据处理模块对S2与Ref2进行比幅比相处理，得到待测天线端口2对应的方向图幅度与相位信息。……数据处理模块对SN与RefN进行比幅比相处理，得到待测天线端口N对应的方向图幅度与相位信息。The data processing module receives the reference path signals Ref1, Ref2, ..., RefN output by the demodulation module 1 and the signal path signals S1, S2 ... SN output by the demodulation module 2. The data processing module performs amplitude and phase comparison processing on S1 and Ref1 to obtain the amplitude and phase information of the directional pattern corresponding to the antenna port 1 to be tested. The data processing module performs amplitude and phase comparison processing on S2 and Ref2 to obtain the amplitude and phase information of the directional pattern corresponding to the antenna port 2 to be tested. ... The data processing module performs amplitude and phase comparison processing on SN and RefN to obtain the amplitude and phase information of the directional pattern corresponding to the antenna port N to be tested.
机械设备：对应不同天线测试场地，如远场、紧缩场、平面近场、柱面近场、球面近场，支撑待测天线与标准接收天线，并使待测天线与标准接收天线按照要求进行相互位置移动的设备，远场、紧缩场、球面近场对应球面点集相对位置，平面近场对应平面点集相对位置，柱面近场对应柱面点集相对位置。Mechanical equipment: corresponding to different antenna test sites, such as far field, compact field, plane near field, cylindrical near field, spherical near field, supporting the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna, and making the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna move relative to each other as required. The far field, compact field, and spherical near field correspond to the relative position of the spherical point set, the plane near field corresponds to the relative position of the plane point set, and the cylindrical near field corresponds to the relative position of the cylindrical point set.
二、详细步骤(1)按照天线测试方法将待测天线进行安装，场地校准；对于远场，待测天线与标准接收天线架设在对应机械设备上，二者距离大于D，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的球面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。II. Detailed steps (1) Install the antenna to be tested according to the antenna test method and perform field calibration; for the far field, the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna are mounted on corresponding mechanical equipment, with the distance between them being greater than D, and the standard receiving antenna performs a spherical scanning motion around the antenna to be tested during the test, with the scanning range and interval determined according to the requirements of the antenna to be tested.
d1--待测天线口径大小d1--the diameter of the antenna to be tested
d2--标准接收天线口径大小d2--standard receiving antenna aperture size
λ--测试频率内最高频率对应的波长λ--The wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency in the test frequency
对于紧缩场，待测天线与标准接收天线架设在对应机械设备上，待测天线要处于紧缩场静区内，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的球面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For a compact field, the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna are mounted on corresponding mechanical equipment. The antenna to be tested must be in the quiet area of the compact field, and during the test, the standard receiving antenna must complete a spherical scanning motion around the antenna to be tested. The scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna to be tested.
对于平面近场，待测天线与标准接收天线放置对应机械设备上，待测天线与标准接收天线距离介于3λ～D之间，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的平面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For the planar near field, the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna are placed on corresponding mechanical equipment, the distance between the antenna to be tested and the standard receiving antenna is between 3λ and D, and the standard receiving antenna completes a planar scanning motion around the antenna to be tested during the test, and the scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna to be tested.
对于柱面近场，待测天线与标准接收天线放置对应机械设备上，待测天线与标准接收天线距离介于3λ～D之间，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的平面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For the cylindrical near field, the antenna under test and the standard receiving antenna are placed on corresponding mechanical equipment, the distance between the antenna under test and the standard receiving antenna is between 3λ and D, and the standard receiving antenna completes a planar scanning motion around the antenna under test during the test, and the scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna under test.
对于球面近场，待测天线与标准接收天线放置对应机械设备上，待测天线与标准接收天线距离介于3λ～D之间，并在测试中完成标准接收天线绕待测天线的球面扫描运动，扫描范围与间隔根据待测天线要求确定。For the spherical near field, the antenna under test and the standard receiving antenna are placed on corresponding mechanical equipment, the distance between the antenna under test and the standard receiving antenna is between 3λ and D, and the standard receiving antenna completes a spherical scanning motion around the antenna under test during the test. The scanning range and interval are determined according to the requirements of the antenna under test.
(2)按照本方法要求进行链路搭建，码分接收机与耦合器相连，耦合器输出的信号路与待测天线多个对应端口相连。耦合器输出的参考路与隔离器相连，隔离器输出的信号路信号与合路器相连，合路器输出的参考路信号与码分接收机的参考路相连。待测天线发射的信号通过空间传输到标准接收天线处，通过标准接收天线进行接收，然手输送给码分接收机的信号路。(2) According to the requirements of this method, the link is established, the code division receiver is connected to the coupler, and the signal path output by the coupler is connected to multiple corresponding ports of the antenna under test. The reference path output by the coupler is connected to the isolator, the signal path signal output by the isolator is connected to the combiner, and the reference path signal output by the combiner is connected to the reference path of the code division receiver. The signal emitted by the antenna under test is transmitted through space to the standard receiving antenna, received by the standard receiving antenna, and then transmitted to the signal path of the code division receiver.
(3)设置码分信号源参数，如正交码子类型、码长、码子数量、射频频率等参数。以Walsh码为例，由码子生成模块1、2、N生成互相正交的Walsh码子C1、C2……CN。对应码子信息进入对应的基带生成模块产生对应的基带信号B1、B2……BN。(3) Setting the code division signal source parameters, such as orthogonal code type, code length, code number, radio frequency, etc. Taking Walsh code as an example, the code generation modules 1, 2, and N generate mutually orthogonal Walsh codes C1, C2, ..., CN. The corresponding code information enters the corresponding baseband generation module to generate the corresponding baseband signals B1, B2, ..., BN.
式中i——通道编号。Where i is the channel number.
Ci(t)——第i路Walsh码。Ci(t)——the i-th Walsh code.
A——基带信号幅度，为常数A——Baseband signal amplitude, a constant
——基带信号相位，随时间周期变化 ——Baseband signal phase, which changes with time period
Bi(t)——基带信号Bi(t)——baseband signal
w0——基带信号角频率w 0 ——baseband signal angular frequency
基带信号B1、B2……BN进入射频调制模块，调制为测试对应的射频频率并输出射频信号F1、F2……FN。The baseband signals B1, B2, ..., BN enter the RF modulation module, are modulated to the RF frequency corresponding to the test, and output RF signals F1, F2, ..., FN.
式中i——通道编号。Where i is the channel number.
Ci(t)——第i路Walsh码。Ci(t)——the i-th Walsh code.
A′i——被调制信号幅度A′i——modulated signal amplitude
——调制信号相位，随时间周期变化 ——The phase of the modulated signal changes with the time period
Fi(t)——调制后射频信号Fi(t)——modulated RF signal
HF——高通滤波HF——High Pass Filter
wt+φi——调制后信号相位，随时间周期变化wt+φi——modulated signal phase, changes with time period
w1——被调制信号角频率w 1 —— modulated signal angular frequency
w——调制后信号角频率，w＝w0+w1 w——angular frequency of the modulated signal, w＝w 0 +w 1
(4)设定机械装置扫描范围、测试距离，进行机械运动同时进行信号源发射，调制后的射频信号通过耦合器分为测试信号F1、F2……FN，参考路R1、R2……RN。射频信号经过待测天线发射，通过空间传输然后被标准接收天线接收，得到信号路信号A，进入码分接收机。参考路信号经过合路器合成为参考路信号R，进入码分接收机。(4) Set the scanning range and test distance of the mechanical device, perform mechanical movement and transmit the signal source at the same time. The modulated RF signal is divided into test signals F1, F2...FN and reference signals R1, R2...RN through a coupler. The RF signal is transmitted through the antenna to be tested, transmitted through space and then received by the standard receiving antenna to obtain the signal path signal A, which enters the code division receiver. The reference path signal is synthesized into the reference path signal R through a combiner and enters the code division receiver.
ami——由待测天线性质附加的幅度值ami——Amplitude value added by the properties of the antenna to be tested
phi——由待测天线性质附加的相位值phi - phase value added by the properties of the antenna to be measured
(5)接收到测试信号A和参考信号R之后进行下变频，模数转换，解调，分离出对应不同待测天线端口的信号。(5) After receiving the test signal A and the reference signal R, down-conversion, analog-to-digital conversion, and demodulation are performed to separate the signals corresponding to the different antenna ports to be tested.
进行下变频低通处理：Perform down-conversion low-pass processing:
LF——低通滤波LF——Low Pass Filter
——下变频时引入的相移常数 ——Phase shift constant introduced during down-conversion
模数转换仅仅改变信号形式，不改变信号本身，然后通过解调进行信号解调，利用码子正交性质可分离出各路信号：Analog-to-digital conversion only changes the signal form, not the signal itself. Then the signal is demodulated by demodulation, and the orthogonal properties of the codes can be used to separate the signals:
Ciam——所选码子相关解调后的常数Ciam——Constant after the selected code is demodulated
解调后的信号在接收机数据处理模块中进行对应数据的比幅比相处理，得到待测天线对应端口对应的幅度和相位信息。The demodulated signal is subjected to amplitude and phase comparison processing of the corresponding data in the receiver data processing module to obtain the amplitude and phase information corresponding to the corresponding port of the antenna to be tested.
式中In the formula
Ami——待测天线第i路端口对应的幅度信息Am i ——Amplitude information corresponding to the i-th port of the antenna to be tested
Phi——待测天线第i路端口对应的相位信息Ph i ——Phase information corresponding to the i-th port of the antenna to be tested
(6)重复上述(3)～(5)完成所有对应机械位置的幅度相位信息。根据所得到的每一个端口的数据，利用数据处理得到不同端口的远场方向图，完成测试。若采用平面、柱面、球面测试，其中的近远场变换为天线测试中的标准公开技术，这里不再赘述。若采用远场和紧缩场，直接测试得到远场方向图。(6) Repeat the above (3) to (5) to complete the amplitude and phase information of all corresponding mechanical positions. Based on the data obtained for each port, the far-field radiation pattern of different ports is obtained by data processing to complete the test. If plane, cylindrical, or spherical testing is used, the near-field and far-field transformations are standard public technologies in antenna testing and will not be described here. If far-field and compact field are used, the far-field radiation pattern is obtained by direct testing.
本发明说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员的公知技术。The contents not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belong to the common knowledge of professionals in the field.
将两端口的待测天线架设在近场扫描区域中。按照本专利方法搭建链路，进行天线两个端口的同时测试，如图2所示为未采用本方法所得的测试结果，两路信号完全叠加在一起，无法区分，无法同时得到正确的测试结果。如图3所示为采用本方法后两个端口同时测试所取得结果，可以看出，采用本方法的同时测试结果与天线单独测试的结果完全一致，验证了本方法的有效性。The antenna to be tested with two ports is set up in the near-field scanning area. According to the method of this patent, a link is built to test the two ports of the antenna simultaneously. As shown in Figure 2, the test results obtained without using this method are shown. The two signals are completely superimposed on each other and cannot be distinguished, and the correct test results cannot be obtained at the same time. As shown in Figure 3, the results of the simultaneous test of the two ports after using this method are obtained. It can be seen that the simultaneous test results of this method are completely consistent with the results of the antenna test alone, which verifies the effectiveness of this method.
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