CN113671151A - An indoor model test system for the evolution process of moraine soil ice accumulation - Google Patents
An indoor model test system for the evolution process of moraine soil ice accumulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种冰碛土聚冰演化过程室内模型试验系统，包括左试样筒、右试样筒、数据采集装置、制冷装置、给排水装置以及加压装置，可实现对冰碛土聚冰演化实时监测过程。左试样筒的侧壁、右试样筒的侧壁上均开设有多个插孔，土体中设置有多个压力盒。数据采集装置包括多个温湿度计和数据采集仪，左试样筒与右试样筒的结构相同，左试样筒包括上筒和下筒，上筒、下筒的外壁上均设置有箍环。制冷装置包括上冷浴盘、下冷浴盘。防止冰碛土原位冻胀力对传感器预留孔造成破坏，并产生连锁效应，试验效率及数据准确性高，可同时进行多组试验，提高了试验精度并极大的缩短了试验周期。
The invention discloses an indoor model test system for the evolution process of ice accumulation in moraine soil. Real-time monitoring process of poly-ice evolution. The side wall of the left sample cylinder and the side wall of the right sample cylinder are provided with a plurality of insertion holes, and a plurality of pressure cells are arranged in the soil body. The data acquisition device includes a plurality of temperature and humidity meters and data acquisition instruments. The structure of the left sample tube and the right sample tube is the same. The left sample tube includes an upper tube and a lower tube, and the outer walls of the upper tube and the lower tube are provided with hoops. ring. The refrigeration device includes an upper cooling bath tray and a lower cooling bath tray. It can prevent the in-situ frost heave force of moraine soil from damaging the reserved holes of the sensor and produce a chain effect. The test efficiency and data accuracy are high, and multiple sets of tests can be carried out at the same time, which improves the test accuracy and greatly shortens the test period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil body detection equipment, in particular to an indoor model test system for a moraine icing evolution process.
Background
China has wide permafrost area distribution, and the permafrost area in China accounts for 22.3% of the national area, and the seasonal permafrost area accounts for 53.5%. The Tokawa railway construction crosses a high and cold mountain area, a transection mountain area and a western-Sichuan plateau transition area with extremely complex geology are arranged along the route, the seasonal freeze-thaw phenomenon is obvious, a large amount of distributed moraine accumulations are contained along the route, and the disastrous phenomena such as frozen swelling, instability, collapse, scouring, debris flow and the like of the moraine soil interface type side slope are more and more frequent under extreme environmental factors such as severe cold, severe altitude and the like. The tillite is used as a special geological body between a homogeneous soil body and a cracked rock body, so that the tillite is obviously different from the traditional frozen soil, and has the main characteristics that: (1) the source of the substance is tillite deposit and detritus deposit formed by the action of the quaternary glacier, and the substance has poor intergranular binding property, good pore communication and stronger permeability; (2) the components of the particle size are not uniform, and the typical texture characteristics of the two-phase are presented, and the grading is discontinuous.
Under the repeated freeze thawing action in the alpine mountain area, the superglacial moraine soil mass continuously generates water thermal power exchange to the inside, so that an ice-rich zone is generated in the superglacial moraine soil mass, and the interfacial landslide along the ice-rich zone is initiated under the low friction and water-viscous lubricating effect of the ice-rich zone. Therefore, the research on the hydrothermal migration law of the moraine soil in the alpine mountain region is particularly important for the research on the catastrophic mechanism of the moraine soil interface type landslide. However, at present, a small-sized model cylinder is mostly adopted for a soil body freeze-thaw test model, the frost heaving force is large due to the high permeability of the moraine soil, and the conventional frozen soil test device is easy to generate frost heaving chain damage near the hole position of the sample cylinder, so that the real-time monitoring process of the evolution of the moraine soil slope ice in the real environment is difficult to reflect. Even if a large soil body freeze-thaw cycle test exists, the problems of difficult sample loading and unloading and the like exist in the test process, and the frozen moraine soil is easily disturbed greatly in a drilling and coring mode, so that the reliability of the subsequent test result is influenced. And the unidirectional freezing and thawing device can only carry out a group of unidirectional freezing and thawing cycle tests, and can not be carried out together with a plurality of groups of tests, so that the test efficiency needs to be improved. Meanwhile, the test data change is large due to the influences of the environmental temperature, the ground temperature and the like, and the measurement result has deviation.
In summary, the prior art has the following problems: at present, the related freeze-thaw test device is difficult to solve the interlocking damage of the frost heaving force generated by high-permeability soil to the holes near the wall of the sample cylinder; the loading and unloading of the sample are difficult in the test process, and the great disturbance is easily caused when the drilling coring sampling is carried out on the moraine sample, so that the test reliability is influenced; the soil body freeze-thaw test device cannot carry out a plurality of groups of tests together, and the environmental temperature and the ground temperature can influence the hydrothermal change in the moraine soil, so that the data change is greatly floated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides an indoor model test system for a moraine icing evolution process, which is used for carrying out a plurality of groups of freeze-thaw tests on a left sample cylinder and a right sample cylinder through a pressurizing device, a refrigerating device and a data acquisition device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the indoor model test system for the ice-tillite ice accumulation evolution process comprises a left sample cylinder, a right sample cylinder, a data acquisition device, a refrigeration device, a water supply and drainage device and a pressurization device, wherein the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder are both arranged at the bottom of the pressurization device, and a distance exists between the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder.
The data acquisition device is respectively connected with the left sample cylinder, the right sample cylinder and the water supply and drainage device. The refrigerating device is respectively connected with the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder, and the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder are connected into the refrigerating device in parallel.
The upper part of the pressurizing device is respectively connected with the upper part of the left sample tube and the upper part of the right sample tube, and the bottom of the pressurizing device is respectively connected with the bottom of the left sample tube and the bottom of the right sample tube.
One end of the water supply and drainage device is respectively connected with the upper part of the left sample cylinder and the upper part of the right sample cylinder, the other end of the water supply and drainage device penetrates through the bottom of the pressurizing device, and the other end of the water supply and drainage device is respectively connected with the bottom of the left sample cylinder and the bottom of the right sample cylinder. The water supply and drainage device is used for respectively supplementing water to the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder and draining water. The refrigerating device is used for respectively providing cold energy for the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder.
A plurality of jacks are formed in the side wall of the left sample tube and the side wall of the right sample tube, and are spirally arranged on the side wall of the left sample tube and the side wall of the right sample tube. The left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder are both filled with a moraine soil body, a plurality of pressure boxes are arranged in the soil body, the number of the pressure boxes is equal to that of the jacks, and the pressure boxes correspond to the jacks.
The data acquisition device comprises a plurality of hygrothermographs and a data acquisition instrument, the data acquisition instrument is respectively connected with the hygrothermographs, each hygrothermograph is connected with each jack in an inserting mode, each temperature and humidity is connected into the moraine soil body in an inserting mode, and the hygrothermographs are used for detecting the temperature and the humidity around the moraine soil body where the pressure box is located.
The left sample tube and the right sample tube have the same structure, the left sample tube comprises an upper tube and a lower tube, a flange plate is arranged between the upper tube and the lower tube, the top surface of the flange plate is connected with the bottom surface of the upper tube, and the bottom surface of the flange plate is connected with the top surface of the lower tube. The upper cylinder is the same as the lower cylinder in structure, the upper cylinder comprises 2 semicircular cylinders, the joints of the 2 semicircular cylinders are bonded, hoops are arranged on the outer walls of the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, the inner walls of the hoops are respectively connected with the outer wall of the upper cylinder and the outer wall of the lower cylinder, and the hoops are used for fixing the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder.
The refrigerating device comprises an upper cold bath tray and a lower cold bath tray, wherein the upper cold bath tray is arranged on the upper portion of the inner wall of the left sample cylinder and the upper portion of the inner wall of the right sample cylinder, and the lower cold bath tray is arranged on the lower portion of the inner wall of the left sample cylinder and the lower portion of the inner wall of the right sample cylinder. The upper cooling bath tray is provided with an upper overflow port, an upper outlet, an upper probing hole and an upper inlet respectively, the upper cooling bath tray is used for replenishing water and draining water to the upper part of the left sample cylinder respectively, and the upper cooling bath tray is used for replenishing water and draining water to the upper part of the right sample cylinder respectively. The lower cooling bath tray is respectively provided with a lower water replenishing port, a lower outlet, a lower inlet, a lower probing hole and a lower water overflowing port, the lower cooling bath tray is used for respectively replenishing water and draining water to the lower part of the left sample cylinder, and the lower cooling bath tray is used for respectively replenishing water and draining water to the lower part of the right sample cylinder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the hygrothermograph and the pressure box are arranged in the large tillite sample in a layered mode, and the plurality of jacks are spirally formed in the side wall of the left sample barrel and the side wall of the right sample barrel. By testing the temperature and humidity of the tillite at different moments and different positions and the magnitude of the frost heaving force, the poly-frost heaving effect of the tillite at different moments and different positions in the freeze thawing process can be reflected. The real-time monitoring of hydrothermal migration and frost heaving force in the unidirectional freeze-thaw process of the tillite sample is realized, and the automatic detection and feedback effects of test data are achieved. Meanwhile, the spiral arrangement mode can prevent the in-situ frost heaving force from damaging the sensor preformed hole on the sample cylinder, the generated linkage effect is achieved, and the test efficiency and the data accuracy are high.
2. The sealing effect after the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder are assembled is guaranteed by using the flange plate, the hoop, the rubber sealing strip and the like, meanwhile, the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder are convenient to disassemble samples by adopting a four-semicircular-arc structure, the disturbance can be reduced, and the accuracy of test data is improved.
3. The upper cold bath tray and the lower cold bath tray are connected with a water supply and drainage device to realize water supply and drainage. The temperature of the cold bath liquid and the top and the bottom of the tillite sample can be detected at any time through the connection of the upper cold bath tray and the lower cold bath tray with the refrigerating device, the rapid cooling of the tillite mass can be realized, the data can be verified with the data collected by the hygrothermograph, and the reliability of the data is improved. The purpose of simultaneously carrying out a plurality of groups of tests is realized by arranging the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder. Therefore, the data of the whole testing device are automatically detected, and a plurality of groups of tests can be simultaneously carried out, so that the testing precision is improved, and the testing period is greatly shortened.
More preferably: grooves are formed in the inner wall of the upper portion of the left sample tube, the inner wall of the lower portion of the left sample tube, the inner wall of the upper portion of the right sample tube and the inner wall of the lower portion of the right sample tube, and the grooves are used for containing permeable stones.
By adopting the technical scheme, the permeable stones can be better placed and fixed, and the displacement of the permeable stones in the test process is prevented.
More preferably: the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder are of four-half-arc structures.
By adopting the technical scheme, the installation and disassembly work of the tillite sample can be quickly realized by the aid of the quadruplicate arc splicing mode of the 2 glass cylinders, disturbance to the tillite sample is greatly reduced, and the subsequent further analysis of the tillite sample is facilitated.
More preferably: the pressurizing device comprises a frame, a press machine and a pneumatic pump, the pneumatic pump is fixed on the bottom surface of the frame, the working end of the press machine penetrates through the top of the frame, the working end of the press machine is connected with the upper cooling bath disc, the outlet of the pneumatic pump is connected with the press machine, and the pneumatic pump is used for providing power for the press machine.
The working end of the press is connected with a working rod, the working rod is fixedly connected with the working end of the press, a push disc is sleeved on the working rod, and the push disc is fixedly connected with the working rod. And a displacement sensor is arranged on the push disc.
The frame is provided with a support rod, the upper end of the support rod penetrates through the top of the frame, the upper end of the support rod is connected with the top of the frame, the lower end of the support rod is connected with a bottom plate, and the upper surface of the bottom plate is connected with a lower cooling bath tray.
The bottom of frame is provided with 2 bases, and the pneumatic pump is located position between 2 bases.
By adopting the technical scheme, the air pressure pump is started, pressure is provided for the press machine through the air pressure pump, the push disc is driven to move after the press machine works, the upper cooling bath disc is pushed into the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder by the movement of the push disc, joint leakage stopping measures are taken for the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder, and the whole test model is in a sealed state.
The method is further optimized as follows: a plurality of sliding locks are respectively arranged between the bottom plate and the base, the top surface of each sliding lock is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the bottom plate, and the bottom surfaces of the sliding locks are slidably connected with the base.
By adopting the technical scheme, the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder are moved through the slide lock and the bottom plate, so that the work of mounting and dismounting the tillite sample can be quickly realized, the disturbance of the tillite sample is greatly reduced, and the subsequent further analysis of the tillite sample is facilitated.
The method is further optimized as follows: the refrigerating device comprises a first test box and a second test box, wherein an outlet of the first test box is connected with an upper inlet of an upper cold bath tray of the right sample cylinder, the upper outlet of the upper cold bath tray of the right sample cylinder is connected with an upper inlet of an upper cold bath tray of the left sample cylinder, and an upper outlet of the upper cold bath tray of the left sample cylinder is connected with an inlet of the first test box.
The outlet of the second test box is connected with the lower inlet of the lower cold bath tray in the left sample cylinder, the lower inlet of the left sample cylinder is connected with the lower inlet of the lower cold bath tray of the right sample cylinder, and the lower outlet of the lower cold bath tray in the right sample cylinder is connected with the inlet of the second test box. The first test box is used for providing cold energy to the upper parts of the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder, and the second test box is used for providing cold energy to the lower parts of the left sample cylinder and the right sample cylinder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the first test box provides cold quantity for the upper part of the left sample tube and the upper part of the right sample tube respectively, and the second test box provides cold quantity for the lower part of the left sample tube and the lower part of the right sample tube respectively, so that the cooling device can be cooled by the upper cooling bath tray and the lower cooling bath tray and can perform multiple groups of tests.
The method is further optimized as follows: the water supply and drainage device comprises an upper drainage assembly and a lower drainage assembly, and the data output end of the upper drainage assembly and the data output end of the lower drainage assembly are connected with the data acquisition instrument.
By adopting the technical scheme, the real-time monitoring of the water quantity during water replenishing and draining of the soil body is realized through the upper drainage component and the lower drainage component, and the reliability of experimental data is improved.
The method is further optimized as follows: the upper drainage assembly comprises a first drainage bottle and a first water supply bottle, an outlet of the first water supply bottle is connected with a first water supply valve, an outlet of the first drainage bottle is connected with a first drainage valve, and an upper overflow port is connected with the first water supply valve and the first drainage valve respectively. The bottom of first row of water bottle is provided with a gravity sensor, and a gravity sensor bonds in the bottom of first row of water bottle. The bottom of the first water feeding bottle is provided with a second gravity sensor which is bonded at the bottom of the first water feeding bottle. The first gravity sensor and the second gravity sensor are in data connection with the data acquisition instrument.
By adopting the technical scheme, the upper water replenishing and draining functions of the upper part of the left sample cylinder and the upper part of the right sample cylinder are realized through the upper water draining assembly, and the water replenishing and draining amounts are measured in real time through the first gravity sensor and the second gravity sensor.
The method is further optimized as follows: the lower drainage assembly comprises a second drainage bottle and a second water supply bottle, an outlet of the second water supply bottle is connected with a second water supply valve, an outlet of the second water supply valve is connected with the lower water replenishing port, a fourth gravity sensor is arranged at the bottom of the second water supply bottle, and the fourth gravity sensor is bonded at the bottom of the second water supply bottle. The outlet of the second water drainage bottle is connected with a second water drainage valve, the outlet of the second water drainage valve is connected with an underflow port, a third gravity sensor is arranged at the bottom of the second water drainage bottle, and the third gravity sensor is bonded at the bottom of the second water drainage bottle. And the third gravity sensor and the fourth gravity sensor are in data connection with the data acquisition instrument.
By adopting the technical scheme, the lower drainage component realizes the functions of water replenishing and drainage on the lower part of the left sample cylinder and the lower part of the right sample cylinder, and the drainage and water replenishing amount is monitored in real time through the third gravity sensor and the fourth gravity sensor.
More preferably: the first test box and the second test box both adopt high-low temperature test boxes.
By adopting the technical scheme, the temperature change range of the high-low temperature test box is large, the performance is stable, the temperature change is accurate, the acquisition result of the temperature and the humidity is accurate, and the reliability is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the upper glass cylinder in the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lower glass cylinder in the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the upper cold bath pan in this embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-2 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the lower cold bath pan in this embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of 2-1 of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of 2-2 of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the water supply and drainage apparatus of this embodiment;
reference numerals: 1-a refrigeration device; 11-a first test chamber; 12-a second test chamber; 13-permeable stone; 14-lower cold bath tray; 141-lower water replenishing port; 142-a lower outlet; 143-lower inlet; 144-lower probing hole; 145-underflow gate; 15-putting on a cold bath tray; 151-upper overflow; 152-an upper outlet; 153-upper probing hole; 154-upper inlet; 2-a data acquisition device; 21-a host; 16-a groove; 22-a display; 23-a data acquisition instrument; 24-a data bus; 25-a hygrothermograph; 3-water supply and drainage devices; 31-an upper drainage assembly; 311-first drain bottle; 312-a first water supply bottle; 313-a first water feed valve; 314-a first drain valve; 315-a first gravity sensor; 316-second gravity sensor; 32-lower drainage assembly; 321-a second drain bottle; 322-a second water supply bottle; 323-third gravity sensor; 324-a fourth gravity sensor; 325-a second water supply valve; 326-a second drain valve; 4-a pressurizing device; 40-pneumatic pump; 401-a switch; 41-a support bar; 42-a frame; 43-a press; 44-a displacement sensor; 45-a working rod; 46-a push disc; 47-a bottom plate; 48-a base; 49-a slide lock; 6-right sample cylinder; 7-left sample cartridge; 70-heat preservation cotton; 71-a jack; 72-a pressure cell; 73-flange plate; 74-hoop.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
An indoor model test system for an evolution process of ice and tillite ice accumulation is shown in figure 1 and comprises a left sample cylinder 7, a right sample cylinder 6, a data acquisition device 2, a refrigeration device 1, a water supply and drainage device 3 and a pressurization device 4, wherein the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6 are arranged at the bottom of the pressurization device 4, and a distance exists between the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6. The outer wall of left sample section of thick bamboo 7, the outer wall of right sample section of thick bamboo 6 all the cladding have the cotton 70 of heat preservation, realize carrying out two sets of experimental effects simultaneously.
The data acquisition device 2 is respectively connected with the left sample tube 7 and the right sample tube 6. The refrigerating device 1 is connected with a left sample tube 7 and a right sample tube 6 respectively, and the left sample tube 7 and the right sample tube 6 are connected into the refrigerating device 1 in parallel. Thus, two sets of tests can be performed simultaneously.
The upper part of the pressurizing device 4 is connected to the upper part of the left sample tube 7 and the upper part of the right sample tube 6, respectively, and the bottom part of the pressurizing device 4 is connected to the bottom part of the left sample tube 7 and the bottom part of the right sample tube 6, respectively.
One end of the water supply and drainage device 3 is connected to the upper part of the left sample tube 7 and the upper part of the right sample tube 6, the other end of the water supply and drainage device 3 passes through the bottom of the pressurizing device 4, and the other end of the water supply and drainage device 3 is connected to the bottom of the left sample tube 7 and the bottom of the right sample tube 6. The water supply and drainage device 3 is used for supplying water to the left sample tube 7 and the right sample tube 6, and draining water. The refrigerating device 1 is used for providing cold energy to the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6 respectively.
The side wall of the left sample tube 7 and the side wall of the right sample tube 6 are each provided with a plurality of insertion holes 71, and as shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, the plurality of insertion holes 71 are spirally provided in the side wall of the left sample tube 7 and the side wall of the right sample tube 6. The left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6 are both filled with a moraine soil body, a plurality of pressure boxes 72 are arranged in the moraine soil body, the number of the pressure boxes 72 is equal to that of the jacks 71, and the positions of the pressure boxes 72 correspond to the jacks 71. The pressure cell 72 is provided with a pressure sensor which transmits the detected pressure value to the data collector 23.
The data acquisition device 2 comprises a data bus 24, a plurality of hygrothermographs 25 and a data acquisition instrument 23, as shown in fig. 1, the data acquisition instrument 23 is respectively connected with the hygrothermographs 25, each hygrothermograph 25 is inserted into each jack 71, each humiture is inserted into the soil body, and the hygrothermographs 25 are used for detecting the temperature and the humidity around the soil body where the pressure box 72 is located. Because the frost heaving force of the tillite soil body after the frost heaving crack is generated is easy to concentrate in the weakest area, a plurality of spirally distributed modes are adopted, and the hygrothermograph 25 is inserted into each jack 71, so that stress damage to other holes is prevented. One end of the data bus 24 is connected to the plurality of thermo-hygrometers 25, and the other end of the data bus is connected to the data collector 23. The data acquisition instrument 23 is connected with the host 21, the host 21 is connected with the display 22, the information processing system in the host 21 analyzes and processes the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor and the temperature and humidity detected by the hygrothermograph 25 to obtain result information, and the result information is displayed on the display 22, so that the data acquisition of the inner part of the tillite sample in the real-time monitoring test process is realized, and the ice evolution process of the inner part of the tillite is reflected.
The left sample tube 7 has the same structure as the right sample tube 6, and the left sample tube 7 includes an upper tube and a lower tube, and as shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, a flange 73 is provided between the upper tube and the lower tube, a top surface of the flange 73 is connected to a bottom surface of the upper tube, and a bottom surface of the flange 73 is connected to a top surface of the lower tube. The upper cylinder is the same as the lower cylinder in structure, the upper cylinder comprises 2 semi-cylinders, joints of the 2 semi-cylinders are bonded, specifically, rubber sealing strips and vaseline are arranged at the joints, the rubber sealing strips and the vaseline are used for connection, the outer walls of the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are respectively provided with a hoop 74 and a flange 73, the joints of the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are connected through the flange 73, the inner wall of the hoop 74 is respectively connected with the outer wall of the upper cylinder and the outer wall of the lower cylinder, and the hoop 74 is used for fixing the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6. Therefore, the loading and unloading of the tillite sample are facilitated, and the layered sampling, the subsequent X-ray diffraction analysis and the like of the large tillite sample are facilitated. The method can reduce disturbance during sampling and improve the accuracy of test data.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6 are both of a four-half arc structure, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the work of mounting and dismounting the tillite sample can be quickly realized by splicing the quarter arcs of the 2 glass cylinders, so that the unloading of the large tillite sample is facilitated, and the subsequent sampling analysis of the tillite sample is also facilitated. The disturbance to the moraine sample is greatly reduced, and the subsequent further analysis of the moraine sample is facilitated.
The refrigerating apparatus 1 includes an upper cooling bath 15 and a lower cooling bath 14, and as shown in fig. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, the upper cooling bath 15 is provided on the upper portion of the inner wall of the left sample tube 7 and the upper portion of the inner wall of the right sample tube 6, and the lower cooling bath 14 is provided on the lower portion of the inner wall of the left sample tube 7 and the lower portion of the inner wall of the right sample tube 6. The upper cooling bath tray 15 is provided with an upper overflow port 151, an upper outlet 152, an upper probing hole 153 and an upper inlet 154, respectively, the upper cooling bath tray 15 is used for respectively replenishing water and draining water to the upper part of the left sample cylinder 7, and the upper cooling bath tray 15 is used for respectively replenishing water and draining water to the upper part of the right sample cylinder 6. The lower cold bath 14 is provided with a lower water replenishing port 141, a lower outlet 142, a lower inlet 143, a lower probe hole 144, and a lower water overflowing port 145, the lower cold bath 14 is used for replenishing water and draining water to the lower portion of the left sample tube 7, and the lower cold bath 14 is used for replenishing water and draining water to the lower portion of the right sample tube 6. Therefore, the cooling efficiency of the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6 is met, the surface temperature of the tillite sample can be measured, the water in the tillite sample can be overflowed in time, the water is prevented from being accumulated at a cold bath tray, and the frost heaving effect of a soil body is prevented.
Specifically, the method has the characteristics that: 1. the warm and humid acidimeter 25 and the pressure box 72 are arranged in a large-scale tillite sample in a layered mode, the plurality of insertion holes 71 are spirally formed in the side wall of the left sample cylinder 7 and the side wall of the right sample cylinder 6, the warm and humid acidimeter 25 spirally penetrates through the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6 to be connected with the collecting device, the real-time monitoring of hydrothermal migration and frost heaving force in the unidirectional freeze thawing process of the tillite sample can be achieved, the ice accumulation evolution process of the tillite is reflected, the automatic detection and feedback effects of test data are achieved, meanwhile, the in-situ frost heaving force is prevented from damaging the sensor preformed hole and generating a linkage effect, and the test efficiency and the data accuracy are high.
2. The sealing effect of the assembled left sample cylinder 7 and right sample cylinder 6 is ensured by using the flange 73, the hoop 74, the rubber sealing strip and other modes, so that the test data is reliable and effective.
3. The water supply and drainage device 3 is connected with the upper cold bath tray 15 and the lower cold bath tray 14 to realize water supply and drainage. The upper cooling bath tray 15 and the lower cooling bath tray 14 are connected with the refrigerating device 1, so that the temperatures of the cold bath liquid and the top and the bottom of the moraine soil sample can be detected at any time, the rapid cooling of the moraine soil body can be realized, the data of the moraine soil body and the temperature sensor can be verified mutually, and the reliability of the data is improved. The purpose of simultaneously carrying out a plurality of groups of tests is realized by arranging the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6. Therefore, the data of the whole testing device are automatically detected, and a plurality of groups of tests can be simultaneously carried out, so that the testing precision is improved, and the testing period is greatly shortened.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper inner wall of the left sample tube 7, the lower inner wall of the left sample tube 7, the upper inner wall of the right sample tube 6, and the lower inner wall of the right sample tube 6 are all provided with grooves 16, the grooves 16 are used for placing the permeable stones 13, so that the permeable stones 13 can be better placed and fixed, and the permeable stones 13 are placed in the test process and are displaced.
Specifically, the pressurizing device 4 in this embodiment includes a frame 42, a press 43, and a pneumatic pump 40, wherein the pneumatic pump 40 is fixed on the bottom surface of the frame 42, the working end of the press 43 passes through the top of the frame 42, the working end of the press 43 is connected to the upper cooling bath 15, the outlet of the pneumatic pump 40 is connected to the press 43, and the pneumatic pump 40 is used for providing power to the press 43. The pneumatic pump 40 is provided with a switch 401, and the pneumatic pump 40 is started to work by operating the switch 401 to provide air source power for the press 43.
The working end of the press machine 43 is connected with a working rod 45, the working rod 45 is fixedly connected with the working end of the press machine 43, a push disc 46 is sleeved on the working rod 45, and the push disc 46 is fixedly connected with the working rod 45. The push plate 46 is provided with a displacement sensor 44.
The frame 42 is provided with a support rod 41, the upper end of the support rod 41 penetrates through the top of the frame 42, the upper end of the support rod 41 is connected with the top of the frame 42, the lower end of the support rod 41 is connected with a bottom plate 47, and the upper surface of the bottom plate 47 is connected with the lower cold bath tray 14.
The bottom of the frame 42 is provided with 2 seats 48, and the pneumatic pump 40 is located at a position between the 2 seats 48. The air pressure pump 40 is started, pressure is provided for the press machine 43 through the air pressure pump 40, the press machine 43 drives the push disc 46 to move after working, the push disc 46 moves to push the upper cooling bath disc 15 into the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6, seam leakage stopping measures are performed on the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6, and the whole test model is in a sealed state.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, a plurality of slide locks 49 are respectively disposed between the bottom plate 47 and the base 48, a top surface of each slide lock 49 is fixedly connected to a bottom surface of the bottom plate 47, and a bottom surface of each slide lock 49 is slidably connected to the base 48. The left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6 are moved through the slide lock 49 and the bottom plate 47, so that the work of mounting and dismounting the moraine sample can be quickly realized, the disturbance to the moraine sample is greatly reduced, and the subsequent further analysis on the moraine sample is facilitated.
Specifically, the refrigerating apparatus 1 in this embodiment includes a first test chamber 11 and a second test chamber 12, an outlet of the first test chamber 11 is connected to an upper inlet 154 of the upper cold bath plate 15 of the right sample cylinder 6, the upper outlet 152 of the upper cold bath plate 15 of the right sample cylinder 6 is connected to an upper inlet 154 of the upper cold bath plate 15 of the left sample cylinder 7, and the upper outlet 152 of the upper cold bath plate 15 of the left sample cylinder 7 is connected to an inlet of the first test chamber 11.
The outlet of the second test chamber 12 is connected to the lower inlet 143 of the lower cold bath 14 in the left sample tube 7, the lower inlet 143 of the left sample tube 7 is connected to the lower inlet 143 of the lower cold bath 14 of the right sample tube 6, and the lower outlet 142 of the lower cold bath 14 in the right sample tube 6 is connected to the inlet of the second test chamber 12. The first test chamber 11 is used for providing cold energy to the upper part of the left sample cylinder 7 and the upper part of the right sample cylinder 6, and the second test chamber 12 is used for providing cold energy to the lower part of the left sample cylinder 7 and the lower part of the right sample cylinder 6. The purpose that the cooling device is cooled by the upper cooling bath tray 15 and the lower cooling bath tray 14 to carry out multiple-group tests is achieved by respectively providing cooling capacity to the upper part of the left sample cylinder 7 and the upper part of the right sample cylinder 6 through the first test box 11 and providing cooling capacity to the lower part of the left sample cylinder 7 and the lower part of the right sample cylinder 6 through the second test box 12.
Specifically, the water supply and drainage device 3 in this embodiment includes an upper drainage assembly 31 and a lower drainage assembly 32, and as shown in fig. 1 and 10, the data output end of the upper drainage assembly 31 and the data output end of the lower drainage assembly 32 are both connected to the data acquisition instrument 23. The real-time monitoring of the water quantity during soil body water replenishing and draining is realized through the upper drainage component 31 and the lower drainage component 32, and the reliability of experimental data is improved.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the upper drain assembly 31 includes a first drain bottle 311 and a first water supply bottle 312, as shown in fig. 10, a first water supply valve 313 is connected to an outlet of the first water supply bottle 312, a first drain valve 314 is connected to an outlet of the first drain bottle 311, and the upper overflow outlet 151 is connected to the first water supply valve 313 and the first drain valve 314, respectively. The first gravity sensor 315 is disposed at the bottom of the first water drain bottle 311, and the first gravity sensor 315 is adhered to the bottom of the first water drain bottle 311. The bottom of first water feed bottle 312 is provided with second gravity sensor 316, and second gravity sensor 316 is adhered to the bottom of first water feed bottle 312. The first gravity sensor 315 and the second gravity sensor 316 are both in data connection with the data acquisition instrument 23. The first water discharge bottle 311 and the first water supply bottle 312 are both conical bottles. The upper drainage assembly 31 is used for replenishing and draining water to the upper parts of the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6, and the water replenishing and draining amount is measured in real time through the first gravity sensor 315 and the second gravity sensor 316.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the lower drain assembly 32 includes a second drain bottle 321 and a second water supply bottle 322, as shown in fig. 10, an outlet of the second water supply bottle 322 is connected to a second water supply valve 325, an outlet of the second water supply valve 325 is connected to the lower water filling port 141, a fourth gravity sensor 324 is disposed at the bottom of the second water supply bottle, and the fourth gravity sensor 324 is adhered to the bottom of the second water supply bottle 322. The second drain valve 326 is connected to an outlet of the second drain bottle 321, an outlet of the second drain valve 326 is connected to the underflow outlet 145, the third weight sensor 323 is provided at a bottom of the second drain bottle 321, and the third weight sensor 323 is bonded to the bottom of the second drain bottle 321. The third gravity sensor 323 and the fourth gravity sensor 324 are both in data connection with the data acquisition instrument 23. The second water supply bottle 322 and the second water discharge bottle 321 are both mahalanobis bottles. The lower drain unit 32 performs a function of replenishing and draining water to the lower portion of the left sample tube 7 and the lower portion of the right sample tube 6, and the amount of drained and replenished water is monitored in real time by the third gravity sensor 323 and the fourth gravity sensor 324. And (3) simulating a test process:
referring to fig. 1-10, the following is a simulation test procedure for water, heat, force and mineral element migration during unidirectional freeze-thaw of tillite under open conditions:
step 1: the pressurizing device 4 is moved out by a slide lock 49, and the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6 are divided into an upper part and a lower part for assembly. The method comprises the following steps: the lower cold bath tray 14, the rubber pad, the permeable stone 13, the lower tube of the left sample tube 7 or the lower tube of the right sample tube 6 are arranged from bottom to top in sequence. Firstly, uniformly coating a thin layer of vaseline on the inner wall of the lower barrel of the left sample barrel 7 or the lower barrel of the right sample barrel 6, then, filling the prepared moraine sample into the left sample barrel 7 or the right sample barrel 6 in a layering manner, inserting the moraine sample into the hygrothermograph 25 in an equidistance spiral manner, installing a pressure box 72, and coating a gap between the hygrothermograph 25 and the jack 71 with rubber mud or glass cement for complete sealing.
Step 2: the upper barrel of the left sample barrel 7 is connected with the lower barrel of the left sample barrel 7 through the flange plate 73, layered sample loading is continuously carried out, the permeable stone 13 is placed above the moraine soil body after the layered sample loading is finished, and then the upper cooling bath tray 15 is slowly pushed into the left sample barrel 7 through the press 43 and placed above the permeable stone 13. The upper tube of the right sample tube 6 and the lower tube of the right sample tube 6 are connected through the flange plate 73, layered sample loading is continuously carried out, the permeable stone 13 is placed above the moraine soil body after the layered sample loading is finished, and then the upper cold bath tray 15 is slowly pushed into the left sample tube 7 through the press 43 and placed above the permeable stone 13.
And step 3: slowly pushing the model cylinder into the base 48 of the pressurizing device 4, designing the number and the position of the hoops 74 according to the height of the model frame, installing the displacement sensor 44 on the push disc 46, and making joint leakage stoppage measures so that the whole left sample cylinder 7 and the whole right sample cylinder 6 are in a sealed state.
And 4, step 4: the upper cooling bath tray 15 is respectively connected with the first water draining bottle 311 and the first water feeding bottle 312, the lower cooling bath tray 14 is respectively connected with the second water feeding bottle 322, the first water feeding valve 313 is opened to perform water saturation on the moraine sample before the test starts, and the first water feeding valve 313 of the upper cooling bath tray 15 is closed after the test starts.
And 5: the upper part of the left sample tube 7 and the upper part of the right sample tube 6 are connected to a first test chamber 11, and the lower part of the left sample tube 7 and the lower part of the right test tube are connected to a second test chamber 12.
Step 6: the two test model cylinders are respectively wrapped by the heat preservation cotton 70, the second water supply valve 325 and the second drain valve 326 are opened simultaneously, the exhaust operation in the pipeline in the lower cooling bath tray 14 is completed, the second drain valve 326 is closed, the sample is subjected to water saturation operation through the water inlet of the lower cooling bath tray 14, and the second water supply valve 325 is closed after the water saturation is completed.
And 7: the hygrothermograph 25 is respectively inserted into the jacks 71, and the hygrothermograph 25 is connected with the data acquisition instrument 23 through a data line, so that the connection line is ensured to be correct.
And 8: according to the freezing temperature of the tillite mass measured in advance, the lowest freezing temperature during the unidirectional freeze-thaw test of the tillite mass is set in the first test box 11 and the second test box 12, the set cold end temperature is lower than the freezing temperature of the tillite mass, the test design is that the lower end is a warm end and the upper end is a cold end, after the first test box 11 and the second test box 12 are opened for a period of time, whether the temperature values measured by the temperature probes in the upper cold bath tray 15 and the lower cold bath tray 14 are consistent with the temperature value set by the instrument is observed, and the purpose of mutual verification is further achieved.
And step 9: before the freezing test is started, the second water supply valve 325 in the lower cold bath 14 is opened, and the water outlet valve is closed. When the water is melted in one way, the second water supply valve 325 is closed, and the second drain valve 326 is opened; the test configuration software in the computer processor sets the information of initial flow rate of data acquisition, information acquisition interval, water inlet and outlet quantity difference and the like, so as to achieve the real-time feedback effect of data information.
Step 10: after the test requirements are met, the first test box 11, the second test box 12, the computer and the data acquisition instrument 23 stop working, the slide lock 49 is used for rapidly pushing out the moraine sample for sampling, the sample is layered for X-ray diffraction analysis, and the migration rule of the mineral elements of the moraine sample at different positions can be explored. And finishing the one-way freeze-thaw cycle test of the large tillite body.
1. The hygrothermograph 25 and the pressure box 72 are arranged in the large tillite sample in a layered mode, and the plurality of insertion holes 71 are spirally formed in the side wall of the left sample barrel 7 and the side wall of the right sample barrel 6. By testing the temperature and humidity of the tillite at different moments and different positions and the magnitude of the frost heaving force, the poly-frost heaving effect of the tillite at different moments and different positions in the freeze thawing process can be reflected. The real-time monitoring of hydrothermal migration and frost heaving force in the unidirectional freeze-thaw process of the tillite sample is realized, and the automatic detection and feedback effects of test data are achieved. Meanwhile, the spiral arrangement mode can prevent the in-situ frost heaving force from damaging the sensor preformed hole on the sample cylinder and generating a linkage effect, and the test efficiency and the data accuracy are high.
2. The sealing effect of the assembled left sample cylinder 7 and right sample cylinder 6 is guaranteed by using the flange plate 73, the hoop 74, the rubber sealing strip and other modes, meanwhile, the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6 are convenient to disassemble samples by adopting a four-half-arc structure, the disturbance can be reduced, and the accuracy of test data is improved.
3. The upper cold bath tray 15 and the lower cold bath tray 14 are connected with the water supply and drainage device 3, so that the aims of water supplement and drainage are fulfilled. The upper cooling bath tray 15 and the lower cooling bath tray 14 are connected with the refrigerating device 1, so that the temperatures of the cold bath liquid and the top and the bottom of the moraine soil sample can be detected at any time, the rapid cooling of the moraine soil body can be realized, the moraine soil body and data collected by a hygrothermograph can be verified mutually, and the reliability of the data is improved. The purpose of simultaneously carrying out multiple groups of tests is also realized by arranging the left sample cylinder 7 and the right sample cylinder 6. Therefore, the data of the whole testing device are automatically detected, and a plurality of groups of tests can be simultaneously carried out, so that the testing precision is improved, and the testing period is greatly shortened.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the invention, and it is not limited to the invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to the embodiment as necessary without inventive contribution after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by the patent law within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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