Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a battery active layer, a battery pole piece and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a battery active layer, the method comprising:
mixing an active material and a conductive agent by a dry method, adding a fiberization binder and performing fiberization treatment, and rolling the mixed material obtained by the dry method process into a film to form the battery active layer; the active material includes a carbon-coated pre-lithium material.
According to the invention, the fiberization binder is added, the fiberization treatment is carried out together with the active material and the conductive agent, and the carbon-coated pre-lithium material is combined, because the surface of the pre-lithium material is coated with a layer of carbon and has a smooth surface, the physical property of the surface of the lithium-silicon alloy is further improved by the fibers formed by the binder, the prepared negative pole piece is smooth, soft and flat, the film forming effect of the pole piece is improved, the rate capability of the lithium-supplement negative pole is improved, and the problems that the surface of the negative pole is locally high, the diaphragm is pierced to form a micro short circuit and the charging curve is abnormal due to the fact that the pre-lithium material has large particles and hard hardness and is attached to the negative pole to form dendrites after lithium is separated out are solved. In addition, the method does not need inert gas for protection, adds the carbon-coated pre-lithium material in the mixing stage, has simple operation and easy industrialization, has the characteristics of high first efficiency and high capacity compared with a graphite cathode, and can be used for preparing a high-energy-density battery.
It should be noted that the material of the current collector is not specifically required or limited, and those skilled in the art can reasonably select the current collector according to the design requirements, for example, a carbon-coated copper foil.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method is carried out in a dry environment.
Preferably, a non-fiberization binder is also added during the dry mixing of the active material and the conductive agent.
Preferably, the non-fiberizing binder comprises one or a combination of at least two of polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose or styrene butadiene rubber.
Preferably, the mass of the non-fiberized binder is 0 to 10% of the mixture, for example, 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10%, and more preferably 0.5 to 5%.
The non-fiberization binder and the fiberization binder are matched for use, wherein the non-fiberization binder is heated and melted during hot rolling to be molten and covered on the surface of the active material, so that the surface physical property of the active material is improved, the conductive agent can be well adhered, a good conductive path is formed, and the conductivity is improved; the fiberization binder is formed into filamentous fibers after fiberization, so that different active materials, conductive agents and the like can be bonded together to form an integral block-shaped or sheet-shaped solid. Through the different bonding forms of two kinds of binders, realize even stable adhesion effect, effectively avoid the emergence of gluing link piece scheduling problem among the mixing process, further improve the compliance and the film forming effect of pole piece. Compared with the traditional method that only non-fibrous binder is used and solvent is added to promote the bonding effect of the binder, the method has the advantages that the addition of the fibrous binder plays a role in bonding, the addition of the solvent is not needed, the solvent recovery and drying processes are omitted, the preparation process is simplified, and the cost is saved.
Preferably, the fiberized binder comprises one or a combination of at least two of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polypropylene or polyethylene.
Preferably, the mass of the fiberized binder is 0.1 to 30% of the mixture, for example, 0.1%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, or 30%, and more preferably 0.5 to 10%.
According to the invention, the mass of the fiberization binder is 0.1-30% of the mixed material, and is further preferably 0.5-10%, so that the pole piece has a good film forming effect under the condition of ensuring the softness and the smoothness of the pole piece, and if the mass is lower than 0.1% of the mixed material, the fiberization drawing generated by the fiberization binder is insufficient, the bonding effect between the active materials is poor, and the film forming effect of the pole piece is poor; if the mass is higher than 30% of the mixed material, the addition amount of the fiberization binder is too high, which affects the proportion of the active material and further affects the battery performance.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fiberization treatment includes one or a combination of at least two of grinding, ball milling, and defoaming, and more preferably grinding, and the fiberization treatment fiberizes the fiberization binder and forms a mixture having a block-like or sheet-like structure with the active material and the conductive agent.
The invention adopts grinding as the fiberization treatment mode, which is a mode that is simpler and easier than high-speed stirring, airflow pulverization and the like and has better fiberization effect.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pre-lithium material includes one or a combination of at least two of lithium silicon alloy, silicon, and silicon monoxide, and more preferably lithium silicon alloy.
The invention adopts the lithium-silicon alloy as the lithium supplement additive, the theoretical capacity of the lithium-silicon alloy reaches more than 1800mAh/g, but the lithium-silicon alloy is more active and is easy to react with water violently, so that the safety problem is caused.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbon-coated pre-lithium material in the active material is 0.1-60%, such as 0.1%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and more preferably 5-40%.
Preferably, the carbon-coated pre-lithium material comprises 0.5 to 50% by mass of carbon, for example 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%, more preferably 1 to 10%.
Preferably, the atomic number ratio of Li to Si in the lithium silicon alloy is (0-4.4): 1, for example, 0.4:1, 0.8:1, 1.2:1, 1.6:1, 2.0:1, 2.4:1, 2.8:1, 3.2:1, 3.6:1, 4.0:1 or 4.4: 1.
Preferably, the lithium silicon alloy includes Li4.4Si、Li3.25Si or Li1.71One or a combination of at least two of Si.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the active material is a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material further includes graphite.
Preferably, the mass ratio of graphite in the negative electrode active material is 40 to 95%, for example, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%.
According to the invention, the mass ratio of graphite in the negative active material is set to be 40-95%, so that the lithium-silicon alloy negative electrode material has the advantages of reducing the expansion problem of the lithium-silicon alloy and improving the energy density of a pole piece, and if the mass ratio of graphite in the negative active material is lower than 40%, the expansion problem of the lithium-silicon alloy exists; if the ratio is higher than 95%, there is a problem that the energy density is not remarkably increased.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass of the active material is 25 to 99.9% of the mass of the mixture, for example, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99.9%, and more preferably 87.5 to 98.5%.
Preferably, the conductive agent is 0 to 5% by mass of the mixture, for example, 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, or 5.0%, and more preferably 1 to 2.5%.
Preferably, the conductive agent comprises one or a combination of at least two of acetylene black, Super-P, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, Ketjen black, a graphite conductive agent, graphene, activated carbon, and porous carbon.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the rolling manner includes hot rolling, and the mixed material is rolled to form the battery active layer.
Preferably, the temperature of the hot rolling is 25 to 200 ℃, for example, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃, 100 ℃, 120 ℃, 140 ℃, 160 ℃, 180 ℃ or 200 ℃, and more preferably 90 to 160 ℃.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (I) mixing an active material, a conductive agent and a non-fiberization binder in a dry method in a dry environment, adding the fiberization binder for grinding and fiberizing, and grinding the fiberization binder, the active material and the conductive agent to form a mixed material with a blocky or sheet structure, wherein the mass ratio of carbon-coated lithium-silicon alloy in the active material is 0.1-100%, the mass content of carbon-coated lithium-silicon alloy is 1-10%, and the number ratio of Li to Si atoms in the lithium-silicon alloy is (0-4.4): 1; the mass of the non-fiberization binder is 0.5-5% of the mixed material, the mass of the fiberization binder is 0.5-10% of the mixed material, the mass of the active material is 87.5-98.5% of the mixed material, and the mass of the conductive agent is 1-2.5% of the mixed material;
and (II) carrying out hot rolling on the mixed material at the temperature of 90-160 ℃ to form a battery active layer.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a battery pole piece, which comprises a current collector and a battery active layer located on at least one side surface of the current collector, wherein the battery active layer is prepared by the preparation method of the battery active layer in the first aspect.
The compounding method of the current collector and the battery active layer is hot rolling, and the temperature of the hot rolling in the compounding process is preferably 25 to 200 ℃, for example, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃, 100 ℃, 120 ℃, 140 ℃, 160 ℃, 180 ℃ or 200 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the battery electrode plate is 30 to 500 μm, for example, 30 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, 450 μm or 500 μm.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a solid-state battery, which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a diaphragm, wherein the negative electrode adopts the battery pole piece of the second aspect.
The recitation of numerical ranges herein includes not only the above-recited numerical values, but also any numerical values between non-recited numerical ranges, and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise numerical values encompassed within the range for brevity and clarity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the fiberization binder is added, the fiberization treatment is carried out together with the active material and the conductive agent, and the carbon-coated pre-lithium material is combined, because the surface of the pre-lithium material is coated with a layer of carbon and has a smooth surface, the physical property of the surface of the lithium-silicon alloy is further improved by the fibers formed by the binder, the prepared negative pole piece is smooth, soft and flat, the film forming effect of the pole piece is improved, the rate capability of the lithium-supplement negative pole is improved, and the problems that the surface of the negative pole is locally high, the diaphragm is pierced to form a micro short circuit and the charging curve is abnormal due to the fact that the pre-lithium material has large particles and hard hardness and is attached to the negative pole to form dendrites after lithium is separated out are solved. In addition, the method does not need inert gas for protection, adds the carbon-coated pre-lithium material in the mixing stage, has simple operation and easy industrialization, has the characteristics of high first efficiency and high capacity compared with a graphite cathode, and can be used for preparing a high-energy-density battery.
Detailed Description
In order to better illustrate the present invention and facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below. However, the following examples are only simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a battery active layer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(I) mixing 8.7g of graphite, 1g of carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy and 0.1g of polyvinylidene fluoride in a dry method in a dry environment, adding 0.2g of polytetrafluoroethylene for grinding and fiberizing to enable the polytetrafluoroethylene to be fiberized, and grinding the polytetrafluoroethylene and an active material to form a mixed material with a blocky or sheet structure, wherein the mass percentage of the carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy in the active material is 10.3%, the mass content of carbon coated in the carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy is 5%, and the lithium silicon alloy is Li3.25Si; the mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride is 1 percent of that of the mixed material, the mass of the polytetrafluoroethylene is 2 percent of that of the mixed material, and the mass of the active material is 97 percent of that of the mixed material;
and (II) hot rolling the mixed material at 100 ℃ to form a battery active layer.
The embodiment also provides a battery pole piece, wherein the battery pole piece is formed by hot rolling and compounding the battery active layer and a current collector at 100 ℃ to form a 200-micron battery pole piece.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a battery active layer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
in a dry environment, 1g of graphite, 7.7g of carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy, 0.2g of acetylene black and 0.1g of carboxymethyl cellulose are mixed in a dry method, then 1g of polyimide is added for grinding and fiberizing treatment, the polyimide is fiberized and ground with an active material and a conductive agent to form a mixed material with a blocky or sheet structure, wherein the mass percentage of the carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy in the active material is 88.5 percent, the mass content of carbon coated in the carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy is 10 percent, and the lithium silicon alloy is Li1.71Si; the mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose is 1% of the mixed material, the mass of the polyimide is 10% of the mixed material, the mass of the active material is 87% of the mixed material, and the mass of the conductive agent is 2% of the mixed material;
and (II) carrying out hot rolling on the mixed material at 90 ℃ to form a battery active layer.
The embodiment also provides a battery pole piece, wherein the battery pole piece is formed by hot rolling and compounding the battery active layer and a current collector at 90 ℃ to form the battery pole piece with the thickness of 50 mu m.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a battery active layer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
mixing 9g of carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy, 0.5g of carbon nano tube and 0.5g of polyvinylidene fluoride in a dry method in a dry environment, then adding 0.5g of polypropylene for grinding and fiberizing treatment to fiberize the polypropylene, and grinding the polypropylene, the active material and the conductive agent to form a mixed material with a blocky or sheet structure, wherein the mass percentage of the carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy in the active material is 100 percent, the mass content of carbon coated in the carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy is 1 percent, and the lithium silicon alloy is Li4.4Si; the mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride accounts for 5 percent of the mixed material, and the mass of the polypropylene accounts for 5 percent of the mixed materialThe mass of the active material is 90% of the mass of the mixed material, and the mass of the conductive agent is 5% of the mass of the mixed material;
and (II) hot rolling the mixed material at 110 ℃ to form a battery active layer.
The embodiment also provides a battery pole piece, wherein the battery pole piece is formed by hot rolling and compounding the battery active layer and a current collector at 110 ℃ to form the battery pole piece with the thickness of 500 mu m.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a battery active layer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
in a dry environment, 0.7g of graphite, 5g of carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy, 0.3g of graphene and 1g of polyvinylidene fluoride are mixed in a dry method, then 3g of polyethylene is added for grinding and fiberizing treatment to enable the polyethylene to be fiberized, and the polyethylene is ground with an active material and a conductive agent to form a mixed material with a blocky or sheet structure, wherein the mass percentage of the carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy in the active material is 87.7%, the mass content of carbon coated in the carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy is 40%, and the lithium silicon alloy is Li2.2Si; the mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride is 10% of that of the mixed material, the mass of the polyethylene is 30% of that of the mixed material, the mass of the active material is 57% of that of the mixed material, and the mass of the conductive agent is 3% of that of the mixed material;
(II) hot rolling the mixed material at 110 ℃ to form a battery active layer,
the embodiment also provides a battery pole piece, wherein the battery pole piece is formed by hot rolling and compounding the battery active layer and a current collector at 100 ℃ to form the battery pole piece with the diameter of 300 mu m.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a battery active layer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
in a dry environment, 8g of graphite, 0.5g of carbon-coated lithium-silicon alloy, 0.2g of graphene and 0.6g of polyvinylidene fluoride are mixed in a dry method, 0.7g of polyethylene is added for grinding and fiberizing treatment to fiberize the polyethylene, and the polyethylene, an active material and a conductive agent are ground to form blocky or flaky knotsThe mass percentage of the carbon-coated lithium-silicon alloy in the active material is 5.8%, the mass content of the carbon-coated lithium-silicon alloy is 20%, and the lithium-silicon alloy is Li2.8Si; the mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride accounts for 6% of the mass of the mixed material, the mass of the polyethylene accounts for 7% of the mass of the mixed material, the mass of the active material accounts for 85% of the mass of the mixed material, and the mass of the conductive agent accounts for 2% of the mass of the mixed material;
and (II) hot rolling the mixed material at 110 ℃ to form a battery active layer.
The embodiment also provides a battery pole piece, wherein the battery pole piece is formed by hot rolling and compounding the battery active layer and a current collector at 100 ℃ to form the battery pole piece with the diameter of 300 mu m.
Example 6
This example provides a method for preparing an active layer of a battery, which is different from example 1 in that polyvinylidene fluoride is not added and the rest is completely the same as example 1.
Example 7
This example provides a method for preparing an active layer of a battery, which is different from example 1 in that the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene added is 1.3g, i.e., the mass of polytetrafluoroethylene is 11.7% of the mixed material, and the rest is identical to example 1.
Example 8
This example provides a method for preparing an active layer of a battery, which is different from example 1 in that the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene added is 4.5g, i.e., the mass of polytetrafluoroethylene is 31.5% of the mixed material, and the rest is identical to example 1.
Example 9
This example provides a method of preparing a battery active layer, which is different from example 1 in that 3.7g of graphite and 6g of carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy are used as active materials, and the remaining amounts are identical to example 1.
Example 10
This example provides a method of preparing a battery active layer, which is different from example 1 in that the active materials are 8.8g of graphite and 0.1g of carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy, and the rest is exactly the same as example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a method for preparing an active layer of a battery, which is different from example 1 in that 1g of carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy is replaced with 1g of graphite, and the remaining parameters are identical to those of example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a method for preparing an active layer of a battery, which is different from example 1 in that 1g of carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy is replaced with 1g of non-carbon-coated lithium silicon alloy, and the remaining parameters are identical to those of example 1.
The invention also provides a solid-state battery, wherein the pole piece in the solid-state battery is the battery pole piece prepared by the embodiment.
The pole pieces in the above examples and comparative examples were assembled to be charged with lithium, the separator was a PE film, and the electrolyte was LiPF6(concentration in electrolyte is 1mol/L) is dissolved in a mixed solution of Ethylene Carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DEC)/Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) with a volume ratio of 1:1:1, charging and discharging are carried out at 0.1C, and then charging and discharging are carried out at 0.5C and 1C, and multiplying power performance is tested. The test results are shown in table 1. The charge and discharge curve at 0.1C for example 1 is shown in fig. 1, the charge and discharge curve at 0.1C for comparative example 1 is shown in fig. 2, the charge and discharge curve at 1C for example 1 is shown in fig. 3, and the charge and discharge curve at 1C for comparative example 2 is shown in fig. 4.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the above table:
(1) compared with the example 6, the test data of the example 1 is superior to that of the example 6, so that the invention can be seen that the non-fiberization adhesive and the fiberization adhesive are adopted for matching use, wherein the non-fiberization adhesive is heated and melted to be molten to be covered on the surface of the active material when being subjected to hot rolling, the surface physical property of the active material is improved, the conductive agent can be well adhered, a good conductive path is formed, and the conductivity is improved; the fiberization binder is formed into filamentous fibers after fiberization, so that different active materials, conductive agents and the like can be bonded together to form an integral block-shaped or sheet-shaped solid. Through the different bonding forms of two kinds of binders, realize even stable adhesion effect, effectively avoid the emergence of gluing link piece scheduling problem among the mixing process, further improve the compliance and the film forming effect of pole piece. Compared with the traditional method that only non-fibrous binder is used and solvent is added to promote the bonding effect of the binder, the method has the advantages that the addition of the fibrous binder plays a role in bonding, the addition of the solvent is not needed, the solvent recovery and drying processes are omitted, the preparation process is simplified, and the cost is saved.
(2) Compared with the embodiments 7 and 8, the test data of the embodiment 1 is superior to those of the embodiments 7 and 8, so that the invention can be seen that the pole piece has a good film forming effect by setting the mass of the fiberization binder to be 0.1-30% of the mixed material, and more preferably 0.5-10%, under the condition of ensuring the flexibility and the smoothness of the pole piece, if the mass is less than 0.1% of the mixed material, the fiberization drawbench generated by the fiberization binder is insufficient, the bonding effect between the active materials is poor, and the film forming effect of the pole piece is poor; if the mass is higher than 30% of the mixed material, the addition amount of the fiberization binder is too high, which affects the proportion of the active material and further affects the battery performance.
(3) Compared with the examples 9 and 10, the test data of the example 1 is superior to those of the examples 9 and 10, and therefore, the invention has the advantages of reducing the expansion problem of the lithium-silicon alloy and improving the energy density of a pole piece by setting the mass ratio of graphite in the negative electrode active material to be 40-95%, and if the mass ratio is lower than 40%, the expansion problem of the lithium-silicon alloy exists; if the ratio is higher than 95%, there is a problem that the energy density is not remarkably increased.
(4) Compared with the comparative examples 1 and 2, the specific charge capacity, the specific discharge capacity and the initial effect of the embodiment 1 are superior to those of the comparative example 1, and the performance of the initial effect, 0.5C/0.1C and 1C/0.1C of the embodiment 1 is superior to that of the comparative example 2, so that the invention can be seen that the invention adds the fiberization adhesive, the fiberization treatment is carried out together with the active material and the conductive agent, the carbon-coated pre-lithium material is combined, because the surface of the pre-lithium material is coated with a layer of carbon and has smooth surface, the fiber formed by the adhesive further improves the surface physical property of the lithium-silicon alloy, the prepared negative pole piece is smooth and soft and has smooth surface, the film forming effect of the pole piece is improved, the rate capability of the lithium-supplementing negative pole is improved, the situation that the pre-lithium material has large particles and hard hardness, and the lithium is attached to the negative pole to form dendrite after being separated out, so that the surface is locally heightened and the diaphragm is punctured, a micro short circuit is formed, resulting in a problem of an abnormal charging curve. In addition, the method does not need inert gas for protection, adds the carbon-coated pre-lithium material in the mixing stage, has simple operation and easy industrialization, has the characteristics of high first efficiency and high capacity compared with a graphite cathode, and can be used for preparing a high-energy-density battery.
The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.