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CN113656744A - A method for estimation of pit depth and free gas layer evaluation in marine hydrate area - Google Patents

A method for estimation of pit depth and free gas layer evaluation in marine hydrate area Download PDF

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CN113656744A
CN113656744A CN202110938666.1A CN202110938666A CN113656744A CN 113656744 A CN113656744 A CN 113656744A CN 202110938666 A CN202110938666 A CN 202110938666A CN 113656744 A CN113656744 A CN 113656744A
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苏正
张辉
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种海洋水合物区麻坑深度估算和游离气层评价方法，包括：获取气体渗漏过程参数，并将该参数输入至孔隙介质内流体渗漏模型中，孔隙介质内流体渗漏模型输出渗漏流体速度；将渗漏流体速度输入至麻坑深度模型中，以得到麻坑深度；通过麻坑深度来反演水合物下覆游离气层中的甲烷浓度。本方法首先通过孔隙介质内流体渗漏模型来预测海底甲烷渗漏情况，然后根据渗漏情况来估算得到渗漏情况，最后通过麻坑深度来反演水合物下覆游离气层中的甲烷浓度。本方法一方面有利于预测海底甲烷渗漏和灾害预测，另一方面有利于评估海底烃类资源量。

Figure 202110938666

The invention discloses a method for estimating pit depth and free gas layer evaluation in a marine hydrate area, comprising: acquiring gas leakage process parameters, and inputting the parameters into a fluid leakage model in a porous medium, and The leakage model outputs the seepage fluid velocity; the seepage fluid velocity is input into the pit depth model to obtain the pit depth; the methane concentration in the free gas layer under the hydrate is inverted by the pit depth. This method first predicts the leakage of seafloor methane through the fluid leakage model in the pore medium, then estimates the leakage according to the leakage, and finally inverts the methane concentration in the free gas layer under the hydrate through the pit depth. . This method is beneficial to predict submarine methane leakage and disaster prediction on the one hand, and to evaluate the amount of submarine hydrocarbon resources on the other hand.

Figure 202110938666

Description

Method for estimating depth of pit in marine hydrate region and evaluating free gas layer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine geology and natural gas hydrates, in particular to a method for estimating the depth of a sea pit in a marine natural gas hydrate area and the methane concentration of a free gas layer under a hydrate layer.
Background
Natural gas hydrate is a solid compound with the appearance similar to ice, and is composed of low molecular weightA cage-like structure of a molecular gas (mainly hydrocarbon molecules, such as methane, ethane, and the like, and small molecular gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and the like) and water molecules under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Natural gas hydrates formed mainly from methane gas are dominant in nature and are generally called as combustible ice because of their appearance similar to ice. Methane hydrate is mainly stored in submarine deep water land slope environment and land permafrost region. The natural gas hydrate can be released to 164-180 m under the standard state3And methane gas of 0.87m3The water of (2). According to conservative estimation, the content of the natural gas hydrate in nature is 21 multiplied by 10m3This is almost twice the known fossil energy on earth, and is considered an ideal alternative to the fossil energy in the 21 st century.
When the concentration of the dissolved methane in the pore water in the stable zone of the hydrate in the marine environment exceeds the solubility of the methane hydrate, the dissolved methane can be crystallized to form the hydrate, and a hydrate layer trap is formed along with the increase of the content of the hydrate, and a free gas layer develops below the hydrate layer trap. The free gas under the hydrate layer under the specified conditions leaks up the channels into the sea floor and forms pits, authigenic carbonates, biocenotes, bubble plumes on the sea floor, such as the ruser hillock, blake sea-platform, etc., the north congo land slope, the norwegian open sea, and the south china sea.
The free gas under the hydrate layer is closed by the capillary force of the hydrate layer, the gas pressure of the interface of the hydrate and the free gas is increased along with the gas accumulation and the gas layer thickness increase, when the gas overpressure overcomes the defect that the capillary is closed, the gas is excited to leak, the overpressure gas pushes pore water to be discharged upwards, pit is formed on the seabed, and the pit depth reflects the fluid destruction strength and the overpressure amplitude of the free gas layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for estimating the depth of a pit in a marine hydrate area and evaluating a free gas layer, which is favorable for predicting the leakage and disaster of submarine methane on the one hand and evaluating the amount of submarine hydrocarbon resources on the other hand.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for marine hydrate zone pit depth estimation and free gas layer evaluation, comprising:
acquiring a gas leakage process parameter, inputting the parameter into a fluid leakage model in the pore medium, and outputting the speed of the leakage fluid by the fluid leakage model in the pore medium;
inputting the speed of the leaked fluid into a pit depth model to obtain the pit depth;
and (4) inverting the methane concentration in the free gas layer under the hydrate through the pit depth.
Further, the fluid leakage model in the pore medium is:
Figure BDA0003214142430000021
in the above equation, Δ P is the total driving force of fluid transport and is the sum of the pressure drops applied to the air flow column and the water flow column (Δ P)g+ΔPw) Equal to the overpressure of the gas reservoir; ρ is the fluid density, d is the thickness of the free gas layer, μ is the fluid viscosity, V is the fluid velocity, k is the permeability of the deposit, k isrgAnd krwThe relative permeability of the deposit pore and water, hgAnd hwThe height of the air flow column and the water flow column respectively.
Further, the leakage fluid velocity is:
Figure BDA0003214142430000022
in the formula (2) in an approximate relationship
Figure BDA0003214142430000023
Knowing the fluid transport velocity as a function of the height of the gas flow column (h)g＝h-hw) Is increased.
Further, the inputting the seepage fluid speed into the pockmark depth model to obtain the pockmark depth comprises:
fluid leakage velocity satisfaction
Figure BDA0003214142430000024
Forming a pit on the seabed after the quicksand sediment is removed by the ocean current, wherein the depth of the pit is determined by the bottom boundary of the quicksand sediment body; in formula (2)
Figure BDA0003214142430000025
By replacing the fluid velocity and by the pit depth hpmBy replacing the height h of the water columnwObtaining a pit depth model:
Figure BDA0003214142430000026
in the formula (3)
Figure BDA0003214142430000027
The method is simplified as follows:
Figure BDA0003214142430000031
the density and viscosity of the fluid are constant under the condition of meeting the temperature and pressure.
Further, the inversion of the methane concentration in the hydrate lower free gas layer by pit depth comprises:
from the methane leak-off and pit depth models, pit formation is known to be related to gas overpressure, hydrate layer bottom boundary depth and deposit density:
Figure BDA0003214142430000032
and (3) obtaining a thickness equation of the hydrate closed underlying free gas reservoir through equation deformation, wherein the thickness of the gas layer depends on the depth of the seabed pockmark and the density of fluid in the gas reservoir:
Figure BDA0003214142430000033
the average fluid density in the gas reservoir is related to the fluid saturation and the overburden pressure; the calculation equation for predicting the fluid density in the gas reservoir is obtained by the deformation of the formula (6):
Figure BDA0003214142430000034
under a compliant environment, the density of water is assumed to be constant and the density of gas is approximated as a function of hydrostatic pressure, so the gas saturation calculation equation is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003214142430000035
equation (8) is used to estimate gas saturation, where the depth of the sea bottom pit and the thickness of the gas layer under the containment layer are known from ocean sonic surveys.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the seabed methane leakage condition is predicted through a fluid leakage model in a pore medium, the leakage condition is estimated according to the leakage condition, and finally the methane concentration in a hydrate underlying free gas layer is inverted through the pit depth. The method is beneficial to predicting the leakage and disaster of the submarine methane on one hand and evaluating the amount of submarine hydrocarbon resources on the other hand.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for estimating depth of a marine hydrate region pit and evaluating a free gas layer according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a subsea fluid leak and a subsea pit formation process.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for estimating the depth of a marine hydrate pit and evaluating a free gas layer according to the embodiment mainly includes the following steps:
101. acquiring a gas leakage process parameter, inputting the parameter into a fluid leakage model in the pore medium, and outputting the speed of the leakage fluid by the fluid leakage model in the pore medium;
102. inputting the speed of the leaked fluid into a pit depth model to obtain the pit depth;
103. and (4) inverting the methane concentration in the free gas layer under the hydrate through the pit depth.
Therefore, the method can predict the submarine methane leakage condition through the fluid leakage model in the pore medium, then estimate the leakage condition according to the leakage condition, and finally invert the methane concentration in the hydrate underlying free gas layer through the pit depth. The method is beneficial to predicting the leakage and disaster of the submarine methane on one hand and evaluating the amount of submarine hydrocarbon resources on the other hand.
In the gas leakage process, the gas column and the water column both flow under the driving of the overpressure of the hydrate-enclosed free gas, and the total driving force of the fluid migration is equal to the gas overpressure (rho)w-ρg) And gd. The air flow column grows and pushes the overlying pore water in the leak path upward at the same velocity. Assuming that the hydrate stability zone is a homogeneous body, the fluid leakage rate in the leakage channel is the same, and therefore the fluid leakage model in the pore medium is:
Figure BDA0003214142430000041
in the above equation, Δ P is the total driving force of fluid transport and is the sum of the pressure drops applied to the air flow column and the water flow column (Δ P)g+ΔPw) Equal to the overpressure of the gas reservoir. ρ is the fluid density, d is the thickness of the free gas layer, μ is the fluid viscosity, μgAnd muwViscosity of gas and water, respectively, V fluid velocity, k permeability of the deposit, krgAnd krwThe relative permeability of the deposit pore and water, hgAnd hwThe height of the air flow column and the water flow column respectively. Since the gas saturation in the gas flow column is assumed to beThe water saturation in the water flow column is 1, and the relative permeability of water and water is 1. Fluid leak migration speed:
Figure BDA0003214142430000051
in equation (2) in an approximate relationship
Figure BDA0003214142430000052
The fluid migration velocity can be known as the height (h) of the air flow columng＝h-hw) Is increased.
The resistance of the single length fluid in the pore medium increases with the increase of the height of the airflow column, that is, the pore fluid pressure of the sediment lattice is gradually increased, when the fluid resistance exceeds the static rock pressure of the corresponding sediment body, the corresponding sediment layer is fluidized to become flowing sand, that is, the speed of the leaked fluid must meet the requirement of the flowing sand
Figure BDA0003214142430000053
After the quicksand sediment is removed by sea current, a pit is formed on the seabed, and the pit depth is determined by the bottom boundary of the quicksand sediment body. In equation (2)
Figure BDA0003214142430000054
By replacing the fluid velocity and by the pit depth hpmBy replacing the height h of the water columnwObtaining a pit depth model:
Figure BDA0003214142430000055
in equation (3)
Figure BDA0003214142430000056
The equation can be simplified as:
Figure BDA0003214142430000057
the density and viscosity of the fluid are constant under certain temperature and pressure conditions.
Through the methane leakage and pit depth models, it can be known that pit formation is related to gas overpressure, hydrate layer bottom boundary depth and deposit density.
Figure BDA0003214142430000058
Through equation deformation, a thickness equation of the hydrate closed underlying free gas reservoir can be obtained. The gas layer thickness depends on the depth of the subsea pit and the density of the fluid in the gas reservoir.
Figure BDA0003214142430000059
The average fluid density in a gas reservoir is related to the fluid saturation and the overlying pressure. A calculation equation for predicting the density of the fluid in the gas reservoir can be obtained by a variation of equation (6).
Figure BDA0003214142430000061
Under certain circumstances, the density of water is considered constant and the density of gas can be approximated as a function of hydrostatic pressure, and therefore the gas saturation calculation equation can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003214142430000062
equation (8) can be used to estimate gas saturation, where the depth of the sea bottom pockmark and the thickness of the gas layer under the seal layer can be known from the ocean acoustic survey, and the related data is relatively common.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of free gas leakage and sea-bottom pit formation under a hydrate, wherein Z is the depth under the sea bottom, and h is the hydrate stable zone thickness (or hydrate seal depth). The procedure is as follows.
t0The free gas is trapped under the hydrate layer.
t1The gas begins to leak through the seal.
t2The height of the gas column is increased to push water flow to be discharged outwards, the height of the water flow column is correspondingly shortened, and the fluid migration speed is increased continuously.
t3At the moment, the pore pressure in the water-containing flow sediment exceeds the static rock pressure, so pits appear on the sea bottom to form a single air flow channel.
t4When the natural gas in the free gas reservoir is gradually emptied, the overpressure of the pores disappears, and the airflow column in the fluid channel gradually degrades.
t5At that time, the airflow column completely disappears, a gas chimney is left on the seabed, the hydrate sealing effect is recovered, and new gas accumulation is started.
The depth of the sea bottom pockmark can be calculated using equation (4). The unknown variables are free gas layer thickness and methane seal depth.
Figure BDA0003214142430000063
The methane saturation in the hydrate underlying free gas reservoir can be calculated using equation (8). Unknown variables were free gas layer thickness, pit depth and seal depth.
Figure BDA0003214142430000064
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (5)

1. A method for estimating depth of a marine hydrate zone pit and evaluating a free gas layer, comprising:
acquiring a gas leakage process parameter, inputting the parameter into a fluid leakage model in the pore medium, and outputting the speed of the leakage fluid by the fluid leakage model in the pore medium;
inputting the speed of the leaked fluid into a pit depth model to obtain the pit depth;
and (4) inverting the methane concentration in the free gas layer under the hydrate through the pit depth.
2. The marine hydrate zonal pitting depth estimation and free gas layer evaluation method of claim 1, wherein the fluid seepage in the pore medium model is:
Figure FDA0003214142420000011
in the above equation, Δ P is the total driving force of fluid transport and is the sum of the pressure drops applied to the air flow column and the water flow column (Δ P)g+ΔPw) Equal to the overpressure of the gas reservoir; ρ is the fluid density, d is the thickness of the free gas layer, μ is the fluid viscosity, V is the fluid velocity, k is the permeability of the deposit, k isrgAnd krwThe relative permeability of the deposit pore and water, hgAnd hwThe height of the air flow column and the water flow column respectively.
3. The marine hydrate zonal pitting depth estimation and free gas layer evaluation method of claim 2, wherein the seepage fluid velocity is:
Figure FDA0003214142420000012
in the formula (2) in an approximate relationship
Figure FDA0003214142420000013
Knowing the fluid transport velocity as a function of the height of the gas flow column (h)g＝h-hw) Is increased.
4. The marine hydrate zone pit depth estimation and free gas layer evaluation method of claim 3, wherein inputting the seepage fluid velocity into the pit depth model to obtain the pit depth comprises:
fluid leakage velocity satisfaction
Figure FDA0003214142420000014
Forming a pit on the seabed after the quicksand sediment is removed by the ocean current, wherein the depth of the pit is determined by the bottom boundary of the quicksand sediment body; in formula (2)
Figure FDA0003214142420000015
By replacing the fluid velocity and by the pit depth hpmBy replacing the height h of the water columnwObtaining a pit depth model:
Figure FDA0003214142420000021
in the formula (3)
Figure FDA0003214142420000022
The method is simplified as follows:
Figure FDA0003214142420000023
the density and viscosity of the fluid are constant under the condition of meeting the temperature and pressure.
5. The marine hydrate zone pit depth estimation and free gas layer evaluation method of claim 4, wherein inverting the methane concentration in the hydrate overlying free gas layer by pit depth comprises:
from the methane leak-off and pit depth models, pit formation is known to be related to gas overpressure, hydrate layer bottom boundary depth and deposit density:
Figure FDA0003214142420000024
and (3) obtaining a thickness equation of the hydrate closed underlying free gas reservoir through equation deformation, wherein the thickness of the gas layer depends on the depth of the seabed pockmark and the density of fluid in the gas reservoir:
Figure FDA0003214142420000025
the average fluid density in the gas reservoir is related to the fluid saturation and the overburden pressure; the calculation equation for predicting the fluid density in the gas reservoir is obtained by the deformation of the formula (6):
Figure FDA0003214142420000026
under a compliant environment, the density of water is assumed to be constant and the density of gas is approximated as a function of hydrostatic pressure, so the gas saturation calculation equation is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003214142420000027
equation (8) is used to estimate gas saturation, where the depth of the sea bottom pit and the thickness of the gas layer under the containment layer are known from ocean sonic surveys.
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CN118653803A (en) * 2024-06-03 2024-09-17 广州海洋地质调查局 Method, device, equipment and medium for determining the maximum tolerable gas column height of a fault

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CN116307280A (en) * 2023-05-18 2023-06-23 成都理工大学 A Quantitative Evaluation Method for Sulfur Plugging Damage in Gas Wells in Sour Gas Reservoirs
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CN118653803A (en) * 2024-06-03 2024-09-17 广州海洋地质调查局 Method, device, equipment and medium for determining the maximum tolerable gas column height of a fault
CN118653803B (en) * 2024-06-03 2025-02-28 广州海洋地质调查局 Method, device, equipment and medium for determining the maximum tolerable gas column height of a fault

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