CN113655261B - Nested micro-current transformer and use method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于微电流信号检测技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种嵌套式微电流互感器及其使用方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of microcurrent signal detection, and more specifically, relates to a nested microcurrent transformer and a method of using the same.
背景技术Background technique
电力电缆是城市电网的重要组成部分，大容量中心变电站进入市区，其进线几乎全部采用中高压电缆。电缆发生故障后不仅会造成经济损失和不良的社会影响，同时也会影响城市电网的安全、稳定运行，这对电力电缆的可靠性提出了更高的要求。近年来，随着地区经济的迅猛发展及用电量的快速增长，电力电缆线路的数量和长度迅速增加，经常在无预警的情况下突然发生故障，引发停电事故。局部放电(简称“局放”)信号常用作电缆的状态参量，主要针对绝缘微小缺陷的放电作用，在线局放检测主要是在工频电压下通过在线电缆路中接上检测传感元件(主要是高频电流互感器)，测量到这一局部放电量。由于普通高频电流互感器只能在监测点位置进行测量，不可避免的会产生噪声干扰问题，因此在线测量时涉及到在大背景信号(固有的工频电流信号+背景噪声)中分离微小电流信号的问题，所述微小电流信号包含局放电流及绝缘劣化有关的微电流。Power cables are an important part of urban power grids. When large-capacity central substations enter urban areas, almost all of their incoming lines use medium and high-voltage cables. Cable failure will not only cause economic losses and adverse social impacts, but also affect the safe and stable operation of urban power grids, which places higher requirements on the reliability of power cables. In recent years, with the rapid development of the regional economy and the rapid growth of electricity consumption, the number and length of power cable lines have increased rapidly, often causing sudden failures without warning, causing power outages. Partial discharge ("partial discharge" for short) signals are often used as status parameters of cables, mainly targeting the discharge effect of tiny insulation defects. Online partial discharge detection mainly involves connecting detection sensing elements (mainly) to the online cable line under power frequency voltage. is a high-frequency current transformer), and this partial discharge is measured. Since ordinary high-frequency current transformers can only be measured at monitoring points, noise interference problems will inevitably occur. Therefore, online measurement involves separating small currents from large background signals (inherent power frequency current signals + background noise). Signal problems, the micro current signal includes partial discharge current and micro current related to insulation degradation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决大背景噪声下微小电流信号的分离问题，本发明提供一种嵌套式微电流互感器及其使用方法，该嵌套式微电流互感器通过铁磁式电流互感器和罗氏线圈的嵌套实现了微小电流信号的测量，本发明的嵌套式微电流互感器及其使用方法实现了千安级负荷电流背景下、微安级泄漏电流精确测量，且结构及操作简单。In order to solve the problem of separation of small current signals under large background noise, the present invention provides a nested micro-current transformer and a method of using it. The nested micro-current transformer is realized by nesting a ferromagnetic current transformer and a Rogowski coil. The nested microcurrent transformer and its use method of the present invention realize the accurate measurement of microampere leakage current under the background of kiloampere load current, and are simple in structure and operation.
为了实现以上目的，本发明采用的一种技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above objects, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
一种嵌套式微电流互感器，自内到外依次设置罗氏线圈及铁磁式电流互感器，所述罗氏线圈内嵌于铁磁式电流互感器内部，所述铁磁式电流互感器包含两根同向绕组Ⅰ，所述罗氏线圈的绕组Ⅱ两端通过连接信号发生器将绕组Ⅱ两端的端子电压Ⅱ反向接入至铁磁式电流互感器的一根绕组Ⅰ两端，所述铁磁式电流互感器的另一根绕组Ⅰ两端接有信号检测模块，所述信号检测模块用于检测微小电流；A nested micro-current transformer, in which a Rogowski coil and a ferromagnetic current transformer are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. The Rogowski coil is embedded inside the ferromagnetic current transformer. The ferromagnetic current transformer includes two A co-directional winding I, the two ends of the winding II of the Rogowski coil are connected to a signal generator to reversely connect the terminal voltage II at both ends of the winding II to both ends of a winding I of the ferromagnetic current transformer, the iron The other winding I of the magnetic current transformer is connected to a signal detection module at both ends, and the signal detection module is used to detect tiny currents;
进一步地，所述铁磁式电流互感器及罗氏线圈满足如下关系：Further, the ferromagnetic current transformer and Rogowski coil satisfy the following relationship:
公式(1)中，R0为铁磁式电流互感器二次侧等效回路的电阻，N1、N2分别为铁磁式电流互感器及罗氏线圈对应的绕组Ⅰ及绕组Ⅱ的线圈匝数；A＝πr2、l＝2πR，r、R为罗氏线圈对应圆环内半径及外半径，μ0为真空磁导率。In formula (1), R 0 is the resistance of the equivalent circuit on the secondary side of the ferromagnetic current transformer, N 1 and N 2 are the coil turns of winding I and winding II corresponding to the ferromagnetic current transformer and Rogowski coil respectively. Number; A = πr 2 , l = 2πR, r and R are the inner and outer radii of the corresponding ring of the Rogowski coil, and μ 0 is the vacuum magnetic permeability.
进一步地，所述铁磁式电流互感器的另一根绕组Ⅰ两端的端子电压Ⅰ为：Further, the terminal voltage I across the other winding I of the ferromagnetic current transformer is:
E(t)＝U2(t)-V(t)； (2)E(t)=U 2 (t)-V(t); (2)
公式(2)中，U2(t)＝I1(t)·N1·R0表示铁磁式电流互感器的初始电压、表示罗氏线圈的端子电压Ⅱ，I1(t)表示电流输入信号；In formula (2), U 2 (t) = I 1 (t)·N 1 ·R 0 represents the initial voltage of the ferromagnetic current transformer, Represents the terminal voltage II of the Rogowski coil, I 1 (t) represents the current input signal;
本发明还提供一种嵌套式微电流互感器的使用方法，包含以下步骤：The invention also provides a method of using a nested micro-current transformer, which includes the following steps:
S01.将被测电流载体穿过嵌套式微电流互感器的圆心位置；S01. Pass the measured current carrier through the center of the circle of the nested micro-current transformer;
所述自内到外依次设置罗氏线圈及铁磁式电流互感器，所述罗氏线圈内嵌于铁磁式电流互感器内部，所述铁磁式电流互感器包含两根同向绕组Ⅰ，所述罗氏线圈的绕组Ⅱ两端通过连接信号发生器将绕组Ⅱ两端的端子电压Ⅱ反向接入至铁磁式电流互感器的一根绕组Ⅰ两端，所述铁磁式电流互感器的另一根绕组Ⅰ两端接有信号检测模块；The Rogowski coil and the ferromagnetic current transformer are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. The Rogowski coil is embedded inside the ferromagnetic current transformer. The ferromagnetic current transformer includes two windings I in the same direction. The two ends of the winding II of the Rogowski coil are connected to the signal generator to reversely connect the terminal voltage II at both ends of the winding II to both ends of one winding I of the ferromagnetic current transformer. The other end of the ferromagnetic current transformer A signal detection module is connected to both ends of a winding I;
S02.利用信号检测模块检测微小电流。S02. Use the signal detection module to detect tiny currents.
本发明的上述技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点：The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the existing technology:
本发明提供一种嵌套式微电流互感器及其使用方法，该嵌套式微电流互感器通过铁磁式电流互感器和罗氏线圈的嵌套，利用罗氏线圈对应的端子电压Ⅱ来抵消铁磁式电流互感器的初始端子电压，从而避免铁磁式电流互感器出现磁芯饱和的情况；利用铁磁式电流互感器具有高精度的特点，一方面利用铁磁式电流互感器实现了对电流输入信号的准确测量，另一方面利用罗氏线圈实现电流输入信号中大电流测量，通过两者测量的电压相互抵消实现了对微小电流信号的测量，本发明的嵌套式微电流互感器及其使用方法实现了千安级负荷电流背景下、微安级泄漏电流精确测量。The invention provides a nested micro-current transformer and a method of using it. The nested micro-current transformer is nested between a ferromagnetic current transformer and a Rogowski coil, and uses the terminal voltage II corresponding to the Rogowski coil to offset the ferromagnetic current transformer. The initial terminal voltage of the current transformer, thereby avoiding the core saturation of the ferromagnetic current transformer; using the high-precision characteristics of the ferromagnetic current transformer, on the one hand, the ferromagnetic current transformer is used to realize the current input Accurate measurement of the signal, on the other hand, the Rogowski coil is used to realize the measurement of large current in the current input signal, and the measurement of the small current signal is realized by the voltages measured by the two canceling each other out. The nested micro-current transformer of the present invention and its use method It achieves accurate measurement of microampere leakage current under the background of kiloampere load current.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明一实施例中铁磁式电流互感器工作原理图；Figure 1 is a working principle diagram of a ferromagnetic current transformer in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明一实施例中罗氏线圈工作原理图；Figure 2 is a working principle diagram of the Rogowski coil in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明一实施例中嵌套式微电流互感器的结构图。Figure 3 is a structural diagram of a nested micro-current transformer in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施例Specific embodiments
下面将结合本发明实施例的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
铁磁式电流互感器的工作原理主要是利用电磁感应原理将线圈内流过的电流信号转化为线圈两端的电压信号。其电路结构可以等效为一个变压器，其原理图如图1所示，它由闭合的铁心和绕组组成。待测电流I1(t)可等效为变压器一次侧绕组的输入，并在变压器二次侧产生输出电压U2(t)，通过测量U2(t)的大小，并根据线圈匝数的比值(即变压器一次侧和二次侧绕组的比值n1/n2)得出待测电流I1(t)的大小。现阶段这种方法比较成熟，测量结果的精度较高，但在测试较大电流时容易出现磁芯饱和的情况，难以在保证电流精度的前提下测量较大的电流。The working principle of ferromagnetic current transformer is to use the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert the current signal flowing in the coil into a voltage signal at both ends of the coil. Its circuit structure can be equivalent to a transformer. Its schematic diagram is shown in Figure 1. It consists of a closed core and windings. The current I 1 (t) to be measured can be equivalent to the input of the primary side winding of the transformer, and generates an output voltage U 2 (t) on the secondary side of the transformer. By measuring the size of U 2 (t), and based on the number of coil turns The ratio (that is, the ratio n 1 /n 2 of the primary side and secondary side windings of the transformer) gives the size of the current I 1 (t) to be measured. At this stage, this method is relatively mature, and the accuracy of the measurement results is high. However, when testing larger currents, the magnetic core is prone to saturation, making it difficult to measure larger currents while ensuring current accuracy.
罗氏线圈是另一种电流互感器，它在结构式是一个空心的环形线圈，其工作原理如图2所示。当被测电流沿轴线通过罗氏线圈中心时,在环形绕组所包围的体积内产生相应变化的磁场。根据安培环路定理和法拉第电磁感应定律，可以推导出罗氏线圈输出电压V(t)与被测电流的微分成正比，只要将其输出经过的积分器，即可得到与一次电流成正比的输出电压。罗氏线圈适合测量大电流，但精度往往不如铁磁式电流互感器。Rogowski coil is another type of current transformer. Its structure is a hollow toroidal coil. Its working principle is shown in Figure 2. When the measured current passes through the center of the Rogowski coil along the axis, a correspondingly changing magnetic field is generated in the volume surrounded by the annular winding. According to Ampere's loop theorem and Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, it can be deduced that the output voltage V(t) of the Rogowski coil is proportional to the differential of the measured current. As long as its output is passed through an integrator, an output proportional to the primary current can be obtained. Voltage. Rogowski coils are suitable for measuring large currents, but their accuracy is often not as good as ferromagnetic current transformers.
本发明将罗氏线圈嵌入铁磁式电流互感器之中，使之形成一个嵌套式微电流互感器，如图3所示，自内到外依次设置罗氏线圈及铁磁式电流互感器，所述罗氏线圈内嵌于铁磁式电流互感器内部，所述铁磁式电流互感器包含两根同向绕组Ⅰ，所述罗氏线圈的绕组Ⅱ两端通过连接信号发生器将绕组Ⅱ两端的端子电压Ⅱ反向接入至铁磁式电流互感器的一根绕组Ⅰ两端，所述铁磁式电流互感器的另一根绕组Ⅰ两端接有信号检测模块，所述信号检测模块用于检测微小电流；所述信号检测模块可以为电流表或者采集卡、示波器这类设备。The present invention embeds the Rogowski coil into the ferromagnetic current transformer to form a nested micro-current transformer. As shown in Figure 3, the Rogowski coil and the ferromagnetic current transformer are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. The Rogowski coil is embedded inside a ferromagnetic current transformer. The ferromagnetic current transformer includes two windings I in the same direction. The terminal voltages at both ends of the winding II are connected to a signal generator by connecting the two ends of the winding II of the Rogowski coil. Ⅱ is reversely connected to both ends of a winding Ⅰ of the ferromagnetic current transformer. The other end of the winding Ⅰ of the ferromagnetic current transformer is connected to a signal detection module. The signal detection module is used to detect Micro current; the signal detection module can be an ammeter, acquisition card, oscilloscope or other equipment.
两个电流互感器的端子输出电压分别为U2(t)和V(t)，由于电流输入信号都是I1(t)，U2(t)和V(t)是由大小相等的电流感应生成。对于铁磁式电流互感器而言，输出电流I2(t)＝I1(t)·n2/n1，此时N1＝n2/n1，n1＝1，因此铁磁式电流互感器的初始电压U2(t)＝I1(t)·N1·R0，其中，R0为电流表的内阻，N1＝n2为铁磁式电流互感器绕组Ⅰ的线圈匝数。罗氏线圈部分，端子电压e(t)与I1(t)的关系如式(1)所示。The terminal output voltages of the two current transformers are U 2 (t) and V (t) respectively. Since the current input signals are both I 1 (t), U 2 (t) and V (t) are equal currents. Induction generation. For the ferromagnetic current transformer, the output current I 2 (t) = I 1 (t)·n 2 /n 1 , at this time N 1 =n 2 /n 1 , n 1 =1, so the ferromagnetic current transformer The initial voltage of the current transformer U 2 (t) = I 1 (t)·N 1 ·R 0 , where R 0 is the internal resistance of the ammeter, and N 1 =n 2 is the coil of the ferromagnetic current transformer winding I Number of turns. For the Rogowski coil part, the relationship between terminal voltage e(t) and I 1 (t) is shown in equation (1).
公式(3)中，A＝πr2、l＝2πR，r、R为罗氏线圈对应圆环内半径及外半径，μ0＝4π×10-7为真空磁导率。罗氏线圈的端子电压Ⅱ为e(t)的积分，如式(4)所示。In formula (3), A = πr 2 , l = 2πR, r and R are the inner and outer radii of the corresponding ring of the Rogowski coil, and μ 0 = 4π×10 -7 is the vacuum magnetic permeability. The terminal voltage II of the Rogowski coil is the integral of e(t), as shown in equation (4).
在实际中，往往会进行0偏置调节使常数C＝0。令K＝-AN2μ0/l，则有V(t)＝I1(t)·K。在实际参数设计的时候，令铁磁式电流互感器的初始电压U2(t)＝I1(t)·N1·R0和罗氏线圈的端子电压ⅡV(t)相等，从而得到如式(5)In practice, 0-bias adjustment is often performed to make the constant C=0. Let K=-AN 2 μ 0 /l, then V(t)=I 1 (t)·K. When designing actual parameters, let the initial voltage U 2 (t) = I 1 (t) · N 1 · R 0 of the ferromagnetic current transformer be equal to the terminal voltage IIV (t) of the Rogowski coil, so that the following formula is obtained: (5)
K＝R0·N1 (5)K＝R 0 ·N 1 (5)
将公式(5)展开得到公式(1)Expand formula (5) to get formula (1)
公式(1)中，R0为铁磁式电流互感器二次侧等效回路的电阻，N1、N2分别为铁磁式电流互感器及罗氏线圈对应的绕组Ⅰ及绕组Ⅱ的线圈匝数；A＝πr2、l＝2πR，r、R为罗氏线圈对应圆环内半径及外半径，μ0为真空磁导率。In formula (1), R 0 is the resistance of the equivalent circuit on the secondary side of the ferromagnetic current transformer, N 1 and N 2 are the coil turns of winding I and winding II corresponding to the ferromagnetic current transformer and Rogowski coil respectively. Number; A = πr 2 , l = 2πR, r and R are the inner and outer radii of the corresponding ring of the Rogowski coil, and μ 0 is the vacuum magnetic permeability.
在理想情况下有U2(t)＝V(t)，而实际情况下，U2(t)和V(t)之间的差值为铁磁式电流互感器与罗氏线圈的精度偏差E(t)如公式(2)所示：Under ideal circumstances, U 2 (t) = V (t), but in actual circumstances, the difference between U 2 (t) and V (t) is the accuracy deviation E of the ferromagnetic current transformer and Rogowski coil. (t) as shown in formula (2):
E(t)＝U2(t)-V(t)； (2)E(t)=U 2 (t)-V(t); (2)
公式(2)中，U2(t)＝I1(t)·N1·R0表示铁磁式电流互感器的初始电压、表示罗氏线圈的端子电压Ⅱ，I1(t)表示电流输入信号；In formula (2), U 2 (t) = I 1 (t)·N 1 ·R 0 represents the initial voltage of the ferromagnetic current transformer, Represents the terminal voltage II of the Rogowski coil, I 1 (t) represents the current input signal;
现设计一个外施电路，该外施电路包含一个任意信号发生器，确保该外施电路的输出电压为V(t)，并将这个信号反向注入铁磁式电流互感器的端子，则整体上嵌套式微电流互感器的输出为E(t)，这个值就是目标微电流信号对应的电压信号。对应微电流信号i(t)＝E(t)/R0。上述一种嵌套式微电流互感器的使用方法，包含以下步骤：Now design an external circuit that contains an arbitrary signal generator to ensure that the output voltage of the external circuit is V(t), and reversely inject this signal into the terminals of the ferromagnetic current transformer, then the overall The output of the upper nested micro-current transformer is E(t), and this value is the voltage signal corresponding to the target micro-current signal. Corresponding to the micro current signal i(t)=E(t)/R 0 . The above method of using a nested micro-current transformer includes the following steps:
S01.将被测电流载体穿过嵌套式微电流互感器的圆心位置；在实际中主要测试位置在金属护层接地引下线的位置；S01. Pass the measured current carrier through the center of the circle of the nested micro-current transformer; in practice, the main test position is at the grounding down lead of the metal sheath;
S02.利用信号检测模块检测微小电流。S02. Use the signal detection module to detect tiny currents.
以上实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细但并不能因此而理解为对本申请专利范围的限制。对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention. The descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present invention may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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