CN113649632A - Carbon fiber composite material ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter and grinding method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon fiber composite material ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter and grinding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113649632A CN113649632A CN202110966360.7A CN202110966360A CN113649632A CN 113649632 A CN113649632 A CN 113649632A CN 202110966360 A CN202110966360 A CN 202110966360A CN 113649632 A CN113649632 A CN 113649632A
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
- B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/02—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters
- B24B3/021—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters of milling cutters with helical cutting edges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
- B23C2200/04—Overall shape
- B23C2200/0466—Star form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
- B23C2200/32—Chip breaking or chip evacuation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
- B23C2210/20—Number of cutting edges
- B23C2210/203—Number of cutting edges four
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种碳纤维复合材料超声双向螺旋铣刀及其磨制方法，铣刀包括依次连接的切削部和柄部，切削部包括依次连接的正向切削区和反向切削区；正向切削区由正向周刃与正向端刃组成；正向端刃由四个中心对称的刀齿组成；反向切削区由反向周刃与反向端刃组成；反向端刃由四个刀齿组成，刀齿分为两组：一组为材料去除刃，另一组为精加工刃；正反向周刃呈圆柱形，其圆柱面上沿螺旋线设置有可径向进给的圆周切削刃；本发明可用于碳纤维复合材料超声双向螺旋铣加工，能有效减少出入口处分层毛刺多的现象，获得高质量的加工孔，延长刀具寿命，节约成本，提高生产效率。
The invention discloses a carbon fiber composite ultrasonic bidirectional helical milling cutter and a grinding method thereof. The milling cutter comprises a cutting part and a shank part which are connected in sequence; the cutting part comprises a forward cutting area and a reverse cutting area which are connected in sequence; The cutting area consists of a positive peripheral edge and a positive end edge; the positive end edge consists of four centrally symmetrical teeth; the reverse cutting area consists of a reverse peripheral edge and a reverse end edge; the reverse end edge consists of four The teeth are divided into two groups: one is the material removing edge, the other is the finishing edge; the forward and reverse peripheral edges are cylindrical, and the cylindrical surface is provided with radial feed along the helix. The invention can be used for ultrasonic bidirectional helical milling of carbon fiber composite materials, which can effectively reduce the phenomenon of multiple layered burrs at the entrance and exit, obtain high-quality machining holes, prolong tool life, save costs, and improve production efficiency.
Description
One, the technical field
The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic-assisted hole making and processing of carbon fiber composites, in particular to an ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter for carbon fiber composites and a grinding method thereof.
Second, background Art
The carbon fiber composite material has large-scale application in the aerospace field, and the processing precision of the carbon fiber composite material during hole making is also very important. The carbon fiber composite material has anisotropy, complex composition and poor thermal conductivity, and the problems of burr delamination and the like are easy to occur during processing. The main processing modes of the existing composite material processing are drilling and spiral milling, a bidirectional spiral milling processing method is provided for thoroughly solving the problem that an outlet is weak in support and easy to cause layering during processing, and ultrasonic auxiliary processing is introduced to improve the surface quality.
However, in the present stage, there is still a gap in the design research on the stepped milling cutter adapted to the ultrasonic auxiliary machining and the bidirectional helical milling machining of the carbon fiber composite material, in addition, the technology of the cutter in the aspects of chip removal, heat dissipation and the like still has room for improvement, and the side edge of the milling cutter is used as a main cutting edge influencing the surface quality of the hole, so the wear problem during the bidirectional machining directly limits the service life of the cutter, which all restricts the performance of the ultrasonic auxiliary helical milling machining. Therefore, there is a need for further improved tool configurations that improve the quality of the holes being machined.
Third, the invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a carbon fiber composite material ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter which comprises a cutting part and a handle part which are sequentially connected.
Preferably, the diameter of the handle part is 6mm, and the length of the handle part is 60 mm-70 mm.
The cutting part comprises a forward cutting area and a reverse cutting area which are sequentially connected, the forward cutting area consists of a forward end blade and a forward peripheral blade, the forward end blade consists of four cutter teeth, the four cutter teeth are uniformly distributed, the length of the cutting blade is equal to the radius of the cutter, an end tooth chip groove is arranged beside the forward end blade, the forward peripheral blade is arranged on the peripheral surface of the cutting part and extends from the forward end blade of the cutter to the other end along a spiral line from the end blade, and the forward peripheral blade is a right-handed left blade when the end part of the cutter faces downwards;
preferably, the diameter of the cutting part is 8mm, when the end blade is placed downwards, the circumferential blade is a right-handed blade, the positive circumferential blade extends from the positive end blade to the other end, and the extension length h is observed1Helix angle theta of positive peripheral edge (9 mm)1Is 30-45 degrees;
the reverse cutting area consists of a reverse end edge and a reverse peripheral edge, the reverse end edge consists of four cutter teeth, wherein the symmetrical cutter teeth are grouped in pairs, one group of cutter teeth are reverse end edge material removing edges, and the other group of cutter teeth are finish machining edges;
preferably, the distance h between the inner end points of the two sets of reverse end cutting edges and the end surface of the positive end cutting edge015mm, distance r from the axis0＝2.5mm:
Preferably, the maximum effective cutting width of the material removing edge of the reverse end edge is 1mm, and the distance r between the tool tip and the axis of the material removing edge of the reverse end edge13.5mm, and the included angle of the two cutting edges is alpha which is 90-120 degrees;
preferably, the maximum effective cutting width of the reverse end edge finish machining blade is 1mm, the tool point of the reverse end edge finish machining blade is positioned on the circumferential surface, and the distance r between the tool point and the axis is equal to the distance between the tool point and the axis2The included angle beta between the reverse end edge finish machining edge and a generatrix is 70 degrees when the diameter is 4 mm;
the axial height of the tool nose of the reverse end edge finishing blade of the tool is positioned between the axial heights of two end points of an external blade of the reverse end edge material removing blade, and the specific numerical value is influenced by the position of the cutting edge;
the reverse peripheral edge extends from the reverse end edge to the forward cutting area, and the reverse peripheral edge is a right-handed right edge when the end part of the cutter faces downwards;
preferably, the helix angle θ of the positive peripheral edge1Is 30-45 degrees and has a length h39mm, and the cutting edges are arranged in a staggered manner;
a group of rear cutter faces are arranged at the junction of the rear cutter faces of the material removing blades of the reverse end blades, a group of front cutter faces are arranged at the spiral grooves, and a short blade line is formed at the junction of the front cutter faces and the rear cutter faces;
preferably, the rake face rake angle θ2＝20°；
A group of front cutter faces are arranged at the spiral grooves of the finish machining blade of the reverse end blade;
preferably, the rake face rake angle θ3＝20°；
Preferably, the end edge back angle is 8 to 30 °, the peripheral edge front angle is 0 to 15 °, and the back angle is 8 to 30 °.
A grinding method of a carbon fiber composite material ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the cutting part of the cutter faces downwards, the cutting edge is ground in a sectional mode in the grinding process, and a handle part above a reverse cutting edge is ground by using a 90-degree flat grinding wheel to enable the diameter of the handle part to be 6 mm.
Step two: and grinding the positive cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter from bottom to top by using a grinding wheel, wherein the cutting length is 9 mm.
Step three: and grinding the end part of the cutter by using a grinding wheel to process a positive end blade and an end tooth chip groove.
Step four: and grinding the reverse cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter from bottom to top by using a grinding wheel, wherein the cutting length is 9 mm.
Step five: and grinding the material removing blade of the reverse end blade of the cutter from top to bottom along a linear running track by using a 45-degree grinding wheel.
Step six: and grinding the finish machining blade of the reverse end blade of the cutter from top to bottom along a straight running track by using a 45-degree grinding wheel.
Step seven: and grinding other front and rear cutter faces by using a grinding wheel.
The gain effect of the invention is: the carbon fiber composite material ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter and the grinding method thereof meet the structural requirements of a forward and reverse spiral milling bidirectional process on the cutter, and realize forward and reverse spiral milling. The forward and reverse spiral milling is a processing technology that in the process of hole making, a forward cutting area is used for making holes with large eccentricity, then a through hole is processed with small eccentricity, and then a reverse cutting area is used for reversely making holes with large eccentricity. The right-handed left edge is selected as the forward cutting area, the right-handed right edge is selected as the reverse cutting edge, and the structure can ensure that the end edge always cuts into the cutter with a positive rake angle in the cutting process, so that the cutting edge is sharper. The material removing edge of the reverse end edge can be decomposed into the combination of the peripheral edge micro-edge and the end edge micro-edge, so that a large number of cutting tasks are borne, the abrasion loss of the peripheral edge of the cutter is reduced, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged. The reasonable selection of the knife tip height of the finish machining edge of the reverse end edge can reduce the total cutting amount of the set of knife teeth in direct contact with the hole wall in the machining process, the abrasion is reduced, the cutting amount of each tooth is reduced, the service life of the cutter is prolonged, and the quality of the machined surface is improved. In the ultrasonic vibration assisted spiral milling process, the input of an ultrasonic vibration signal can change the cutting motion direction of the cutter, the cutting edge at the highest position of the reverse end edge material removing edge and the cutting edge at the highest position of the reverse end edge finish machining edge can well adapt to ultrasonic auxiliary vibration, fibers are repeatedly sheared, and the surface quality of a workpiece is improved. The spiral groove and the rear cutter face which are added to the reverse cutter can play a role in passivating the cutting tip of the cutter, and the influence of abrasion on the cutting performance of the cutter is reduced. In conclusion, the ultrasonic bidirectional helical milling cutter for the carbon fiber composite material can be well adapted to an ultrasonic vibration assisted bidirectional helical milling process for the carbon fiber composite material, and the problems of high tool wear speed, low surface quality at an inlet and an outlet and low production efficiency are solved.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a carbon fiber composite material ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter structure;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of a carbon fiber composite material ultrasonic bidirectional helical milling cutter structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a positive end blade of a carbon fiber composite material ultrasonic bidirectional helical milling cutter structure;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
the reference numbers are as follows:
the tool comprises a shank 1, a reverse end cutting edge material removing blade 2, a reverse peripheral blade 3, a forward peripheral blade 4, a cutting part 5, an end tooth chip flute 6, a forward end blade 7 and a reverse end blade finishing blade 8.
Fifth, detailed description of the invention
The invention discloses a carbon fiber composite material ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter, which is suitable for an ultrasonic-assisted bidirectional spiral milling process, improves the quality of a hole wall, reduces the layering phenomenon of an inlet and an outlet, and prolongs the service life of a cutter.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
For convenience of description, the cutting portion is a lower end, and the handle portion is an upper end, and the terms of orientation such as "up" and "down" in the present invention should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in figures 1-4, the invention provides a carbon fiber composite material ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter, which consists of a handle part (1) and a cutting part (5); the diameter of the handle part is 6mm, the length of the handle part is 60 mm-70 mm, the diameter of the cutting part is 8mm, the length of the cutting part is 20mm, and the total length of the cutting part is 80 mm-90 mm; the cutting part consists of a forward cutting part and a reverse cutting part; the positive cutting part consists of a positive peripheral edge (4), a positive end edge (7) and an end tooth chip groove (6); the reverse cutting part consists of a reverse peripheral edge (3), a reverse end edge material removing edge (2) and a reverse end edge finish machining edge (8); the reverse peripheral blades and the forward peripheral blades are staggered, when the end blades are placed downwards, the forward peripheral blades (4) are right-handed left blades, and the reverse peripheral blades (3) are right-handed right blades; the positive end blade is composed of four groups of cutter teeth, the center is arranged symmetrically, the positive peripheral blade extends to the other end along the spiral line, and the extension length h19 mm; the reverse end blade comprises four groups of blade teeth, the blade teeth are divided into two groups, one group is a reverse end blade material removing blade (2), the other group is a reverse end blade finish machining blade (8), and the starting point of the reverse end blades of the two groups of blades is away from the axis of the cutter end blade by h215mm, distance r from the axis of the tool02.5 mm; distance r between the point of the broken line and the axis of the first group of reverse end edge material removing edges1The included angle alpha of the two material removing edges is 90-120 degrees which is 3.5mm, and the material removing edges extend from the inner starting point to the circumferential surface of the cutter; the second group of cutter teeth are reverse end edge finishing edges, the cutting edges extend from the inner starting points to the outer parts, the included angle beta between the cutting edges and a generatrix is 70 degrees, the cutter points of the reverse end edge finishing edges are positioned on the circumferential surface, so r 24 mm; the maximum effective cutting width is 1 mm; the reverse peripheral edge extends from the included angle between the reverse end edge and the peripheral surface to the other end, and the extension length is h39 mm; the helix angle theta of the positive peripheral edge (3) and the reverse peripheral edge (2)130-45 degrees, the front angle is 0-15 degrees, and the back angle is 8-30 degrees; the back angle between the positive end edge (7) and the reverse end edge is 8-30 degrees. Both forward cutting steps are completed by the forward cutting area, and the reverse cutting is completed by the reverse cutting area. And (3) carrying out spiral milling under the ultrasonic auxiliary vibration condition, wherein the reverse end edge material removing blade (2) and the reverse end edge finish machining blade (8) have the effect of repeatedly cutting the fibers, and the damage mode of the fibers is improved.
The second embodiment: two sets of reverse end sword of the reverse cutting edge of cutter, reverse end sword material is removed sword (2) and reverse end sword finish machining sword (8), and the axial difference in height of tool point receives the influence of reverse end sword material removal sword (2) contained angle alpha, and the numerical value is cot (alpha/2) -1.5cot beta (mm), and the radial length difference of tool point is 0.5 mm. In the cutting process, the axial height of the reverse end edge material removing edge 2 is higher than that of a reverse end edge finish machining edge (8), in the cutting process, the reverse end edge material removing edge (2) is firstly contacted with a workpiece, the reverse end edge can be regarded as the combination of a micro element peripheral edge and a micro element end edge, the cutting amount of the original peripheral edge is greatly reduced, so that the group of cutter teeth undertakes a main cutting task, the reverse end edge finish machining edge (8) directly influences the surface quality of a hole wall, only participates in a small amount of cutting tasks, the cutting amount is low, the cutter abrasion is transferred to the reverse end edge material removing edge (2), and the service life of the cutter is integrally prolonged.
The third embodiment is as follows: the reverse end edge material removing edge (2) of the cutter is provided with a group of rear cutter surfaces at the boundary, a group of front cutter surfaces are arranged at the spiral groove, and the front angle theta of each front cutter surface2The intersection of the rake face and the flank face forms a new edge line, 20 °. The cutting toolThe spiral groove of the reverse end edge finish machining edge (8) is provided with a group of front tool faces, and theta of the front tool faces320 deg. is equal to. Reverse end sword material is got rid of sword (2), reverse end sword finish machining sword (8) knife tip is too sharp-pointed, and in order to avoid the knife tip point wearing and tearing too fast, the selection is introduced extra front and back knife face and is carried out the passivation, and then increase of service life, reducing wear.
The fourth embodiment is as follows: in the grinding process, the grinding wheel is firstly used for grinding the handle part, so that the diameter of the handle part is 6mm, and a processing space is reserved for reverse cutting. And secondly, grinding the positive cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter from bottom to top by using a grinding wheel to form a positive circumferential edge (4), wherein the cutting length is 9mm, grinding the end part of the cutter by using the grinding wheel, and processing a positive end edge (7) and an end tooth chip pocket (6). And thirdly, grinding a reverse cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter from bottom to top by using a grinding wheel, wherein the cutting length is 9mm, and machining a reverse peripheral edge (3). The reverse end edge has two structures, namely a reverse end edge material removing edge (2) and a reverse end edge finishing edge (8), so that the reverse end edge material removing edge and the reverse end edge finishing edge are ground in two groups. And fourthly, grinding the reverse end edge material removal blade (2) from the front cutter face to the rear cutter face from top to bottom through a 45-degree grinding wheel to form an inwards concave groove and an outwards cutting blade. And fifthly, grinding the reverse end edge finish machining blade (8) from the front tool face to the rear tool face through a 45-degree grinding wheel from top to bottom. And finally, grinding the rest front cutter face and the rest rear cutter face by using a grinding wheel.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a two-way spiral milling cutter of carbon-fibre composite supersound which characterized in that: the reverse cutting area of the cutter consists of four cutter teeth, two opposite cutter teeth are in a group, the end edge of the first group of cutter teeth is a material removing edge, and the end edge of the second group of cutter teeth is a finish machining edge.
2. The ultrasonic bidirectional helical milling cutter for carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, wherein: the material removing edge is a broken line edge, the tool point of the finish machining edge is positioned on the circumferential surface, the axial heights of the internal starting points of the two groups of end edges are the same, the distances between the internal starting points and the axis of the tool are the same, and the height difference of the tool point is regulated and controlled by the included angle of the tool edge. In the reverse hole making and cutting process, the material removing blade is firstly contacted with a workpiece to remove part of materials close to the center of the hole, and the finish machining blade removes the residual materials along with the continuous feeding of the cutter in the axial direction to enable the aperture to reach the preset size, so that the cutting is completed.
3. The ultrasonic bidirectional helical milling cutter for carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, wherein: the material removing blade and the finish machining blade are provided with a blade tip, and the fiber can be repeatedly cut under the assistance of ultrasonic signals.
4. The ultrasonic bidirectional helical milling cutter for carbon fiber composite materials as claimed in claims 2 and 3, wherein: the reverse end edge material removing edge is provided with a front knife face and a rear knife face which play a role of passivating the knife tip.
5. The grinding method of the carbon fiber composite material ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the handle is ground with a small radius by using a 90-degree grinding wheel, and flows out of a processing space for reverse spiral milling. In order to form a tool tip structure of a reverse end edge material removing edge and a finish machining edge, a 45-degree grinding wheel is used for grinding, the distance between the tip part and the axis of the grinding wheel is the same as the radius of the handle part, the running track of the grinding wheel is a straight line, and the tool tip angle of the reverse end edge of the tool can be adjusted by adjusting the direction and the running track of the grinding wheel.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114571195A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-06-03 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Co-curing structure flywheel wheel body and manufacturing and processing method thereof |
| CN118990142A (en) * | 2024-10-22 | 2024-11-22 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | End mill with gradual change cutting edge shape and grinding method thereof |
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| WO2019210505A1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-07 | 大连理工大学 | Forward-reverse feed helical milling method |
| US20200147701A1 (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2020-05-14 | Dalian University Of Technology | Vertical-edge double-step sawtooth cutter for preparing high-quality holes of composite material and hybrid stack structure thereof |
| JP2020044616A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社ビック・ツール | Drill for carbon fiber composite material |
| CN111136314A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-12 | 苏州阿诺精密切削技术有限公司 | A milling cutter for processing carbon fiber composite materials |
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| CN212469909U (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-02-05 | 江门市中刀精密科技有限公司 | Multi-station composite milling cutter for processing plastic |
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| CN118990142A (en) * | 2024-10-22 | 2024-11-22 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | End mill with gradual change cutting edge shape and grinding method thereof |
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