CN113644455A - Multi-beam feed network design method based on 180-degree directional coupler - Google Patents
Multi-beam feed network design method based on 180-degree directional coupler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-beam feed network design method based on a 180-degree directional coupler, which comprises the following steps: s1: according to the requirements of application scenes, executing a feed network structure design scheme to obtain a feed network cascade structure; s2: executing a device optimization design scheme according to the feed network cascade structure to obtain an optimization result; s3: determining the power distribution ratio of the 180-degree directional coupler according to the optimization result; s4: obtaining the specific structure of the 180-degree directional coupler according to the power distribution ratio; s5: and cascading a plurality of 180-degree directional couplers to obtain a final comprehensive multi-beam feed network. The method for designing the multi-beam feed network based on the 180-degree directional coupler can solve the technical problem that the existing multi-beam feed network cannot simultaneously consider the number of network ports and the beam forming requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of network design, in particular to a multi-beam feed network design method based on a 180-degree directional coupler.
Background
In the evolution of mobile communication, in order to optimize and improve the coverage of radio electromagnetic waves, a Beamforming network (Beamforming network) based on a multi-antenna system becomes one of the most important key technologies in a 4G/5G mobile communication base station. Traditional pure digital beamforming requires that each antenna needs to be configured with a dedicated radio frequency link (RF chain), but in 5G system massive MIMO, the number of antennas is increased by times, and the overhead of configuring a corresponding radio frequency link for each antenna cannot be borne. Hybrid beamforming networks have evolved to reduce hardware costs. The hybrid beam forming network adopts a hybrid architecture combining digital and analog, so that the number of radio frequency links can be effectively reduced, and the compromise between the system performance and the hardware cost is realized.
The traditional analog multi-beam feed network comprises a Rotman lens, a Butler matrix and the like, wherein the Butler matrix has the advantages of being free of network loss, reciprocal, orthogonal in beam and the like, and application scenes are wide. However, the number of ports is typically 2^ N (N is a positive integer). Matrix networks with a specific number of ports have been designed by researchers, including 3 × 3Butler matrices, 4 × N Butler matrices, 4 × 8Butler matrices, and 6 × 6 beam forming networks based on Butler matrices. However, the number of ports of the beam forming network designed in the above is fixed, and if the number of ports needs to be changed, the beam forming network needs to be redesigned. On the other hand, in order to improve the transmission efficiency of signals, the analog beamforming network is applied to an overlapping subarray system, and a Butler matrix with a tapering distribution characteristic of 4 × 8 has a good effect on side lobe suppression. However, there is no effective design method for the multi-beam feed network that simultaneously considers the number of network ports and the beam forming requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for designing a multi-beam feed network based on a 180-degree directional coupler, which aims to solve the technical problem that the existing multi-beam feed network cannot simultaneously consider the number of network ports and the beam forming requirement.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a multi-beam feed network design method based on a 180-degree directional coupler, which comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the requirements of application scenes, executing a feed network structure design scheme to obtain a feed network cascade structure, wherein the feed network cascade structure comprises the cascade number and the cascade position of 180-degree directional couplers;
s2: executing a device optimization design scheme according to the feed network cascade structure to obtain an optimization result;
s3: determining the power distribution ratio of the 180-degree directional coupler according to the optimization result;
s4: obtaining the specific structure of the 180-degree directional coupler according to the power distribution ratio;
s5: and cascading a plurality of 180-degree directional couplers to obtain a final comprehensive multi-beam feed network.
Alternatively, the step S1 includes:
s11: according to the application scene requirements, the number of input and output ports of the multi-beam feed network is determined;
s12: determining the port number of the feed network cascade structure according to the input port number and the output port number of the multi-beam feed network;
s13: according to the application scene requirements, restricting the beam coverage;
s14: and determining the cascade structure of the feed network according to the beam coverage and the port number.
Alternatively, the step S2 includes:
s21: obtaining the power distribution ratio of the 180-degree directional coupler according to the feed network cascade structure;
s22: and optimizing the parameters to be optimized by using optimization software and an optimization algorithm by taking the power distribution ratio as the parameters to be optimized to obtain an optimization result.
Optionally, in the step S22, the optimization software is Python; and/or
The optimization algorithm is a differential evolution algorithm.
Alternatively, the step S22 includes the following substeps:
s221: determining the form and the radiation characteristic of the array antenna according to the application scene requirements;
s222: determining a target directional diagram of the feed network according to the radiation characteristics of the array antenna and the application scene requirements;
s223: calculating the parameters to be optimized by using a directional diagram superposition theorem to obtain a radiation parameter solution after the feed network is synthesized;
s224: obtaining a radiation pattern of the feed network according to the radiation parameter solution;
s225: judging whether the radiation pattern is the optimal solution of the target pattern, if so, outputting the radiation pattern as the optimization result; otherwise, adjusting the parameter to be optimized and returning to step S223.
Optionally, in step S225, by comparing a preset threshold with a difference between the radiation pattern and the target pattern, it is determined whether the radiation pattern is an optimal solution of the target pattern.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention converts the comprehensive problem of the multi-beam feed network into the matrix decomposition problem, so the number of the input and output ports of the formed multi-beam feed network can be any, and the feed network has orthogonality and non-consumption;
2. combining the comprehensive problem of the multi-beam feed network with an optimization algorithm to realize the multi-beam feed network which comprehensively meets the special radiation requirement and has orthogonal lossless characteristic;
3. the specific devices of the integrated multi-beam feed network are only 180-degree directional couplers, and the network form is simple.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-beam feed network design method based on a 180 ° directional coupler provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the substeps of step S1 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the substeps of step S2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the substeps of step S22 in FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of the multi-beam feed network design steps of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a structure diagram of a 1 × 6 microstrip patch array antenna;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a final 2 × 6 multi-beam feed network;
fig. 8 is a diagram of a final 2 × 6 multi-beam feed network simulation structure;
fig. 9 is the final achieved 3D radiation pattern of the multibeam array antenna;
fig. 10 is the final achieved vertical plane radiation pattern of the multi-beam array antenna.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a multi-beam feed network design method based on a 180-degree directional coupler, which is shown by referring to fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the requirements of application scenes, executing a feed network structure design scheme to obtain a feed network cascade structure, wherein the feed network cascade structure comprises the cascade number and the cascade position of 180-degree directional couplers;
s2: executing a device optimization design scheme according to the feed network cascade structure to obtain an optimization result;
s3: determining the power distribution ratio of the 180-degree directional coupler according to the optimization result;
s4: obtaining the specific structure of the 180-degree directional coupler according to the power distribution ratio;
s5: and cascading a plurality of 180-degree directional couplers to obtain a final comprehensive multi-beam feed network.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention converts the comprehensive problem of the multi-beam feed network into the matrix decomposition problem, so the number of the input and output ports of the formed multi-beam feed network can be any, and the feed network has orthogonality and non-consumption;
2. combining the comprehensive problem of the multi-beam feed network with an optimization algorithm to realize the multi-beam feed network which comprehensively meets the special radiation requirement and has orthogonal lossless characteristic;
3. the specific devices of the integrated multi-beam feed network are only 180-degree directional couplers, and the network form is simple.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 2, the step S1 includes:
s11: according to the application scene requirements, the number of input and output ports of the multi-beam feed network is determined;
here, the application scenario requirements may be indoor wireless communication application scenario requirements and/or outdoor wireless application scenario requirements.
S12: determining the port number of the feed network cascade structure according to the input port number and the output port number of the multi-beam feed network;
s13: according to the application scene requirements, restricting the beam coverage;
s14: and determining the cascade structure of the feed network according to the beam coverage and the port number.
It should be noted that the sequence of steps S11 and S12 and the sequence of steps S13 and S14 are not unique, that is, the number of ports of the feeding network cascade structure may be obtained first, or the cascade position of the feeding network cascade structure may be obtained first, of course, both of them may be obtained at the same time, and those skilled in the art may design this in combination with the present invention and the actual situation, which is not limited by the present invention.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 3, the step S2 includes:
s21: obtaining the power distribution ratio of the 180-degree directional coupler according to the feed network cascade structure;
s22: and optimizing the parameters to be optimized by using optimization software and an optimization algorithm by taking the power distribution ratio as the parameters to be optimized to obtain an optimization result.
Optionally, in the step S22, the optimization software is Python; and/or
The optimization algorithm is a differential evolution algorithm.
Of course, those skilled in the art can select the optimization software to be matlab or other conventional commercial optimization software according to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also select the optimization algorithm to be a mature and classical optimization algorithm such as a genetic algorithm according to the present invention.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 4, the step S22 includes the following sub-steps:
s221: determining the form and the radiation characteristic of the array antenna according to the application scene requirements;
s222: determining a target directional diagram of the feed network according to the radiation characteristics of the array antenna and the application scene requirements;
s223: calculating the parameters to be optimized by using a directional diagram superposition theorem to obtain a radiation parameter solution after the feed network is synthesized;
s224: obtaining a radiation pattern of the feed network according to the radiation parameter solution;
s225: judging whether the radiation pattern is the optimal solution of the target pattern, if so, outputting the radiation pattern as the optimization result; otherwise, adjusting the parameter to be optimized and returning to step S223.
Optionally, in step S225, by comparing a preset threshold with a difference between the radiation pattern and the target pattern, it is determined whether the radiation pattern is an optimal solution of the target pattern.
Optionally, in step S223, the pattern superposition theorem is:
wherein E is a total field of the linear array obtained according to the electric field superposition principle; r is the distance from the field point to each array element (since the field point is considered to be sufficiently far, the field point can be considered to be approximately equal to each array element), IM1And f1(theta) current amplitude and directional diagram of the 1 st array element, m1iAnd beta1iThe current amplitude and phase difference of the ith array element and the first array element, d1iIs the distance between the ith array element and the first array element, and k is the transmission coefficient.
Example 2
To further explain the design scheme, a 2 × 6 multi-beam forming network scheme with a flat-top directional diagram is taken as an example, and the specific application scenario requirement is an indoor wireless communication application scenario, and the design method is elaborated.
1. The number of input ports of the multi-beam forming network is set to be 2, the number of output ports of the multi-beam forming network is set to be 6, namely when the multi-beam forming network is connected with a 1 multiplied by 6 array antenna, two fixed beams can be realized;
2. setting a target directional diagram as a directional diagram with a flat-top characteristic, wherein the maximum direction is 0 degrees, the 3dB wave width is 32 degrees, and the side lobe level is less than-12 dB;
3. referring to the paper [ L.Sun, G.X.Zhang and B.H.Sun, "Method of Synthesizing Orthogonal Beam-Forming Networks Using QR Decomposition", IEEE Access, vol.7, pp.325-331,2018 ], any one 180 ° directional coupler can be expressed as a mathematical model of a real number domain Givens matrix, and any one Orthogonal lossless multi-Beam feeding network real number domain T matrix can be decomposed by the real number domain Givens matrix, and the mathematical expression is as follows:
thus, the matrix decomposition form of a 2 × 6 multi-beam forming network is:
wherein R is a specific cascade form thereof as shown in FIG. 5. The power distribution ratio of the 180-degree directional coupler is a parameter to be optimized.
4. As an example verification, in the network, the array antenna model adopts a microstrip patch antenna, the array antenna is composed of 6 identical microstrip antennas working at 3.5GHz as shown in FIG. 6, the distance between adjacent antennas is 59mm and about 0.7 lambda, the total size of the antenna is 392mm in length and 97mm in width, and the isolation between units is more than 20 dB.
5. And optimizing an optimal structure closest to an ideal radiation pattern by using optimization software and an optimization algorithm and taking the power distribution ratio of the 180-degree directional coupler as a parameter to be optimized and a finally realized target pattern as an optimization target. As example verification, the optimization software selects Python, the optimization algorithm selects a differential evolution algorithm, a unit directional diagram of the array antenna is brought into an optimization program, a radiation directional diagram after the feed network synthesis is calculated by utilizing a directional diagram superposition theorem, the radiation directional diagram is compared with a target directional diagram, and the optimal solution closest to the target directional diagram is finally obtained through continuous optimization iteration. As an example of optimization, one set of solutions is: (0,1, -0.455,0.664,0.783,0, -0.742, -1.0, -0.94).
6. And designing specific devices according to different power distribution ratios by referring to the optimal solution given in the previous step, and cascading according to a corresponding cascading mode. In the optimal solution, the 180 ° directional coupler degenerates to a cross line or transmission line at power splitting ratios of 0 and 1, and therefore the final schematic diagram of the 2 × 6 multi-beam forming network is shown in fig. 7.
7. Referring to the 180 DEG directional coupler Design method With Arbitrary Power distribution ratio in the paper [ Park M J, Lee B. "Design of Ring Couplers for the Arbitrary Power Division With 50Omega Lines". IEEE Microwave & Wireless Components Letters,2011,21(4):185 and 187 ], the simulation structure diagram of the final 2 × 6 multi-beam feed network is shown in FIG. 8.
8. The 2 × 6 multi-beam forming network is cascaded with the given 1 × 6 microstrip patch array antenna, two output directional diagrams of the finally realized multi-beam array antenna have a flat-top characteristic, the maximum pointing directions of the main beam are both 0 °, the 3dB wave width is 32 ° ± 0.3 °, and the side lobe level is less than-12 dB, and the result is shown in fig. 9 and 10.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A multi-beam feed network design method based on a 180 DEG directional coupler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: according to the requirements of application scenes, executing a feed network structure design scheme to obtain a feed network cascade structure, wherein the feed network cascade structure comprises the cascade number and the cascade position of 180-degree directional couplers;
s2: executing a device optimization design scheme according to the feed network cascade structure to obtain an optimization result;
s3: determining the power distribution ratio of the 180-degree directional coupler according to the optimization result;
s4: obtaining the specific structure of the 180-degree directional coupler according to the power distribution ratio;
s5: and cascading a plurality of 180-degree directional couplers to obtain a final comprehensive multi-beam feed network.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes:
s11: according to the application scene requirements, the number of input and output ports of the multi-beam feed network is determined;
s12: determining the port number of the feed network cascade structure according to the input port number and the output port number of the multi-beam feed network;
s13: according to the application scene requirements, restricting the beam coverage;
s14: and determining the cascade structure of the feed network according to the beam coverage and the port number.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 includes:
s21: according to the feed network cascade structure, the power distribution ratio of the 180-degree directional coupler is given;
s22: and optimizing the parameters to be optimized by using optimization software and an optimization algorithm by taking the power distribution ratio as the parameters to be optimized to obtain an optimization result.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S22, the optimization software is Python; and/or
The optimization algorithm is a differential evolution algorithm.
5. The design method of multi-beam feed network based on 180 ° directional coupler according to claim 3, characterized by the step S22 comprising the sub-steps of:
s221: determining the form and the radiation characteristic of the array antenna according to the application scene requirements;
s222: determining a target directional diagram of the feed network according to the radiation characteristics of the array antenna and the application scene requirements;
s223: calculating the parameters to be optimized by using a directional diagram superposition theorem to obtain a radiation parameter solution after the feed network is synthesized;
s224: obtaining a radiation pattern of the feed network according to the radiation parameter solution;
s225: judging whether the radiation pattern is the optimal solution of the target pattern, if so, outputting the radiation pattern as the optimization result; otherwise, adjusting the parameter to be optimized and returning to step S223.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S225, the radiation pattern is determined to be the optimal solution of the target pattern by comparing a preset threshold with the difference between the radiation pattern and the target pattern.
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