CN113644296A - A fuel cell anode drainage device and drainage system - Google Patents
A fuel cell anode drainage device and drainage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113644296A CN113644296A CN202110906063.3A CN202110906063A CN113644296A CN 113644296 A CN113644296 A CN 113644296A CN 202110906063 A CN202110906063 A CN 202110906063A CN 113644296 A CN113644296 A CN 113644296A
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- hydrogen
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- cavity
- hollow fiber
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种燃料电池阳极排水装置及排水系统，其通过中空纤维膜的排水阻气特性，将氢气中水蒸气的冷凝和液态水的排出集合在一起，利用低温冷却水来控制阳极氢气的露点，起到快速高效排水的效果，同时具有结构紧凑、简单可靠的优点。本发明解决了碱性膜燃料电池阳极排水问题，在推进碱性膜燃料电池电堆的工程应用方面有应用前景。
The invention discloses a fuel cell anode drainage device and a drainage system, which combine the condensation of water vapor in hydrogen and the discharge of liquid water through the drainage and gas barrier properties of a hollow fiber membrane, and use low-temperature cooling water to control anode hydrogen The dew point can achieve the effect of fast and efficient drainage, and at the same time, it has the advantages of compact structure, simple and reliable. The invention solves the problem of anode drainage of the alkaline membrane fuel cell, and has application prospects in promoting the engineering application of the alkaline membrane fuel cell stack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell anode water drainage device and a water drainage system, and particularly relates to fuel cell anode water management.
Background
Unlike proton exchange membrane fuel cells, alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells produce water at the anode, and the product water needs to be purged or carried away from the diffusion layer by the hydrogen gas, which requires that the hydrogen gas has a large circulation ratio and the difference in water content of the hydrogen gas at the inlet and outlet is large, i.e., the anode has a strong water drainage capability.
The conventional anode water management is usually developed for the PEMFC, the liquid water content of the PEMFC anode is low, the hydrogen of the anode is usually circulated by a hydrogen circulating pump or an ejector, and a centrifugal water separator or a gravity water separator is added into a hydrogen circulating pipeline to discharge water, so that the good liquid water separation effect is achieved. However, for the alkaline membrane fuel cell, because the anode generates water, the water generation amount is much larger than that of the anode of the PEMFC, especially the anode of the alkaline membrane fuel cell needs to discharge the anode moisture quickly by controlling the relative humidity of the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the anode of the stack, and the traditional centrifugal water separator has no condensation effect, is not enough in water separation effect, and cannot meet the water discharge requirement. If the excessive moisture in the hydrogen circulation pipeline can not be discharged in time, the excessive moisture can cover the catalyst during the electrochemical reaction, so that the hydrogen can not be fully transferred to the surface of the catalyst.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a fuel cell anode drainage device and a drainage system. The invention mainly utilizes the drainage and air-blocking characteristics and the pressure difference of the microporous fiber membrane to integrate the condensation of hydrogen and the drainage function of liquid water into one device, thereby achieving the effect of quick and efficient drainage and having the advantages of compact structure, simplicity and reliability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides an alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell anode drain comprising a water trap disposed between a fuel cell hydrogen outlet and a hydrogen inlet; the drainer is provided with a water circulation branch;
the drainer is sequentially provided with a hydrogen cavity I, a sealant I, a water cavity, a sealant II and a hydrogen cavity II along the hydrogen flowing direction, the hydrogen cavity I and the hydrogen cavity II are connected through a hollow fiber bundle, the hollow fiber bundle has the functions of water and gas permeation and gas barrier when pressure difference exists in the wet state, and two ends of the hollow fiber bundle are communicated with the sealant and are open pipes; the sealant I isolates the hydrogen cavity I from the water cavity; the hydrogen cavity II and the water cavity are isolated by the sealant II; the hydrogen cavity I is provided with a hydrogen inlet which is communicated with a hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell; the hydrogen cavity II is provided with a hydrogen outlet which is communicated with a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell; the water cavity is provided with two interfaces which are respectively an inlet and an outlet of circulating water.
Based on the scheme, preferably, the hollow fiber bundle component is at least one of polyether sulfone and polyvinyl acetate; the tube wall of the hollow fiber bundle contains micropores, and the pore diameter is less than 1 mu m so as to have capillary force; in the wet state, the fiber tube wall is gas-tight under a pressure differential exceeding the hydrogen pressure.
Based on the above scheme, preferably, the drainage device further comprises a reflux pump; and the reflux pump is positioned between the water drainer and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell and is used for pressurizing the drained hydrogen.
Based on above-mentioned scheme, preferably, the backwash pump is hydrogen circulating pump or ejector, and the backwash pump is gone into after drainer condensation drainage to the hydrogen that pile anode outlet is rich in steam, and then inside getting into the pile, realizes high hydrogen utilization ratio.
When the drainage device is used, the pressure of water in the water cavity is lower than the pressure of gas in the hollow fiber bundle, the temperature of the water in the water cavity is lower than the temperature of the gas in the hollow fiber bundle, and in the process that hydrogen is transmitted from the hydrogen cavity I to the hydrogen cavity II through the hollow fiber bundle, gaseous water in the hydrogen is condensed into liquid water under the temperature difference of circulating water, and the condensed liquid water and the liquid water carried by the hydrogen are discharged into the water cavity through the outer wall of the hollow fiber bundle under the action of the pressure difference and then discharged through the circulating water outlet; the water drain is combined with the fuel cell stack to form the anode water drain system of the fuel cell.
When the drainage device is used, the water quantity of the condensed water can be controlled according to different design water temperatures and gas temperature differences of saturated vapor pressure at different temperatures.
In another aspect, the invention provides an alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell anode drainage system, which comprises the fuel cell anode drainage device.
Specifically, a fuel cell stack, a drainer and a reflux pump are sequentially connected, and a water cavity port of the drainer is connected with circulating cooling water to form an anode drainage system; the temperature and the air pressure of the galvanic pile, the reflux quantity of the reflux pump and the temperature and the pressure of water in the water circulation branch are controlled, so that the water content and the gas flow of hydrogen at the inlet of the galvanic pile can be controlled, and the water content of the anode is controlled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device integrates the drainage of liquid water and the control of the relative humidity of hydrogen, and has the advantages of good drainage effect, compact structure, simplicity and reliability.
2. The device has timely and sufficient drainage, and takes saturated steam condensation and liquid water drainage into consideration; the influence on the electrochemical reaction caused by the fact that redundant water in the hydrogen circulation pipeline cannot be discharged in time is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an anode drainage system.
In the figure, 1-fuel cell stack; 2-fuel cell hydrogen outlet; 3-hydrogen inlet of hydrogen cavity I; 4-hydrogen chamber I; 5-a water cavity; 6-hydrogen chamber II; 7-hollow fiber bundle; 8-a circulating water outlet; 9-circulating water inlet; 10-hydrogen chamber II hydrogen inlet; 11-reflux pump; 12-a hydrogen source; 13-fuel cell hydrogen inlet.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples are presented to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a fuel cell anode drain. The water discharging device comprises a water drainer and a reflux pump which are sequentially arranged between the hydrogen outlet 2 and the hydrogen inlet 13 of the fuel cell; the drainer is sequentially provided with a hydrogen cavity I3, a sealant I, a water cavity 5, a sealant II and a hydrogen cavity II6 along the hydrogen flowing direction, the hydrogen cavity I3 is connected with the hydrogen cavity II6 through a hollow fiber bundle 7, the hollow fiber bundle 7 has the functions of water permeation and air blocking when pressure difference exists in the wet state, and two ends of the hollow fiber bundle 7 are communicated with the sealant and are open pipes; the sealant I isolates the hydrogen cavity I3 from the water cavity 5; the sealant II isolates the hydrogen cavity II6 from the water cavity 5; the hydrogen cavity I3 is provided with a hydrogen inlet 3, and the hydrogen inlet 3 is communicated with a hydrogen outlet 2 of the fuel cell; the hydrogen chamber II6 is provided with a hydrogen outlet 10, and the hydrogen outlet 10 is communicated with a hydrogen inlet 13 of the fuel cell through a reflux pump 11; the water cavity is provided with two interfaces which are respectively an inlet 9 and an outlet 8 of circulating water, and liquid water is outside the hollow fiber pipe; in the process of transmitting the hydrogen from the hydrogen cavity I3 to the hydrogen cavity II6 through the hollow fiber bundle 7, gaseous water in the hydrogen is condensed into liquid water under the temperature difference of circulating water, and the condensed liquid water and the liquid water carried by the hydrogen are discharged into the water cavity 5 through the outer wall of the hollow fiber bundle 7 under the action of the pressure difference and then are discharged through the circulating water outlet 8. The drainer is composed of a polyether sulfone hollow fiber pipe, an epoxy resin sealing ring and a plastic shell, and the hollow fiber pipe has the functions of draining water and blocking air in a wet state. The cooling water, the drainer, the hydrogen reflux pump and the galvanic pile jointly form an anode drainage system.
When the system works, the operation temperature of the alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell is 80 ℃, the hydrogen pressure of the anode is gage pressure of 0.1MPa, and the operation current density is 200mA/cm2The reflux pump is a hydrogen circulating pump, and the revolution number of the circulating pump is 4000 revolutions per minute. The outlet of the galvanic pile is hydrogen with saturated steam and liquid product water at the temperature of 80 ℃, the hydrogen is pressurized by a reflux pump after passing through a drainer, and enters the fuel cell galvanic pile together with the hydrogen of the hydrogen source. The cooling water temperature is 30 ℃ and the pressure is normal pressure. Condensed water and liquid water in the pile anode circulating hydrogen penetrate through the pipe wall of the hollow fiber pipe under the pressure difference of 0.1MPa to enter the circulating water, so that anode drainage is realized. Before draining, the partial pressure of water vapor in the hydrogen is 47.4kPa and contains liquid water; and the water vapor partial pressure after water drainage is 4.3kPa, and no liquid water exists.
Example 2
The same drainage apparatus as in example 1 was used. When the system works, the operating temperature of the alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell is 90 ℃, the hydrogen pressure of the anode is gage pressure of 0.2MPa, and the operating current density is 400mA/cm2The reflux pump is a hydrogen circulating pump, and the revolution number of the circulating pump is 3500 rpm. The outlet of the galvanic pile is hydrogen with saturated steam and liquid product water at the temperature of 70 ℃, the hydrogen is pressurized by a reflux pump after passing through a drainer, and enters the fuel cell galvanic pile together with the hydrogen of the hydrogen source. The cooling water temperature was 40 ℃ and the pressure was atmospheric. Condensed water and liquid water in the pile anode circulating hydrogen penetrate through the pipe wall of the hollow fiber pipe under the pressure difference of 0.2MPa to enter the circulating water, so that anode drainage is realized. Before draining, the partial pressure of water vapor in the hydrogen is 70.1kPa and the hydrogen contains liquid water; and the water vapor partial pressure after water discharge is 7.4kPa, and no liquid water exists.
Claims (6)
1. An alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell anode drain, characterized in that the drain comprises a drainer arranged between a fuel cell hydrogen outlet and a hydrogen inlet; the drainer is provided with a water circulation branch;
the drainer is sequentially provided with a hydrogen cavity I, a sealant I, a water cavity, a sealant II and a hydrogen cavity II along the hydrogen flowing direction, the hydrogen cavity I and the hydrogen cavity II are connected through a hollow fiber bundle, the hollow fiber bundle has the functions of water and gas permeation and gas barrier when pressure difference exists in the wet state, and two ends of the hollow fiber bundle are communicated with the sealant and are open pipes; the sealant I isolates the hydrogen cavity I from the water cavity; the hydrogen cavity II and the water cavity are isolated by the sealant II; the hydrogen cavity I is provided with a hydrogen inlet which is communicated with a hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell; the hydrogen cavity II is provided with a hydrogen outlet which is communicated with a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell; the water cavity is provided with two interfaces which are respectively an inlet and an outlet of circulating water.
2. The fuel cell anode drain according to claim 1, wherein the hollow fiber bundle component is at least one of polyethersulfone and cellulose acetate.
3. The fuel cell anode drain according to claim 1, wherein the tube wall of the hollow fiber bundle contains micropores having a pore size of less than 1 μm so as to have a capillary force; in the wetted state, the hollow fiber bundle walls are gas-tight at a pressure differential that exceeds the hydrogen pressure.
4. The fuel cell anode drain of claim 1, further comprising a return; the backflow device is positioned between the water drainer and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell and used for pressurizing the drained hydrogen.
5. The fuel cell anode drain of claim 4, wherein the return is a hydrogen circulation pump or an eductor.
6. An alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell anode drainage system, characterized in that the drainage system comprises a fuel cell stack and the fuel cell anode drainage device of any claim 1 to 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110906063.3A CN113644296B (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2021-08-06 | Fuel cell anode drainage device and drainage system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110906063.3A CN113644296B (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2021-08-06 | Fuel cell anode drainage device and drainage system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113644296A true CN113644296A (en) | 2021-11-12 |
| CN113644296B CN113644296B (en) | 2022-08-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202110906063.3A Active CN113644296B (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2021-08-06 | Fuel cell anode drainage device and drainage system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116454321A (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-07-18 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Fuel cell anode drainage device and fuel cell system |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1719651A (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-11 | 株式会社日立制作所 | The fuel cell |
| US20110195344A1 (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-11 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Passive water drain |
| CN106102881A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-11-09 | 可隆工业株式会社 | Hollow fiber film assembly |
| CN110010939A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-12 | 上海楞次新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Exhaust gas aftertreatment system for fuel cell system |
| CN212783532U (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2021-03-23 | 绍兴百立盛新材料科技有限公司 | Tube type humidifier for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN113067016A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-07-02 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Hydrogen side drainage system of fuel cell |
-
2021
- 2021-08-06 CN CN202110906063.3A patent/CN113644296B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1719651A (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-11 | 株式会社日立制作所 | The fuel cell |
| US20110195344A1 (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-11 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Passive water drain |
| CN106102881A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-11-09 | 可隆工业株式会社 | Hollow fiber film assembly |
| CN110010939A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-12 | 上海楞次新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Exhaust gas aftertreatment system for fuel cell system |
| CN212783532U (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2021-03-23 | 绍兴百立盛新材料科技有限公司 | Tube type humidifier for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN113067016A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-07-02 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Hydrogen side drainage system of fuel cell |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116454321A (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-07-18 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Fuel cell anode drainage device and fuel cell system |
| CN116454321B (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-09-08 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Fuel cell anode drainage device and fuel cell system |
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| CN113644296B (en) | 2022-08-05 |
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