CN113643603B - Separated roadway physical experiment model structure, manufacturing auxiliary tool and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a separated roadway physical experiment model structure, a manufacturing auxiliary tool and a manufacturing method, and belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering experiments. The model structure includes that model main part and tunnel support, and the model main part includes base and upper rock mass, and the upper rock mass adopts 3D to print the preparation, and integrated into one piece has a plurality of holes in the upper rock mass, sets up the mounting groove that supports the adaptation with the tunnel on the upper rock mass, and the tunnel supports fixed the setting in the mounting groove, and the upper rock mass has the top fixed connection of the base that one side and level that the tunnel supported were placed. The experimenter adopts the 3D printing technique to print the preparation shaping with the upper strata rock mass in the model main part, can reduce shape and quantity such as crack, hole everywhere in the rock mass completely, saves the experimenter and manually punches, supports model main part and tunnel again and assembles into wholly in proper order, carries out the physics experiment again, can reduce the tunnel top rock mass atress condition betterly, and this application has the effect that improves the experimental data accuracy.

Description

Structure, manufacturing aids and manufacturing method of separate roadway physical experiment model

technical field

The present application relates to the field of geotechnical engineering experiments, in particular to a separate roadway physical experiment model structure, production aids and a production method.

Background technique

As a heterogeneous engineering material, rock often contains a large number of address defects, such as holes, fillings, cracks, joints, etc. These address defects have a great impact on its strength and deformation characteristics. In tunnel construction and mining operations, a large number of people are involved in the roadway excavated on the mountain, and various support structures in the roadway play a role in ensuring the safety of the construction workers. Therefore, the study of the properties of rock mechanics is very important for roadways. The force analysis of support model construction is very important.

At present, for the research on the mechanics of rock mass with holes, the roadway and rock mass model are built by using the test block, and then the holes are manually excavated on the test block to simulate the distribution of holes in the natural rock mass.

In view of the related technologies mentioned above, the inventor believes that there are the following defects: the number of artificially excavated holes is limited, and they are generally regular-shaped through-holes, which are quite different from the holes in natural rock mass. The data caused a large error.

Contents of the invention

In order to improve the accuracy of experimental data, the present application provides a physical experimental model structure of a separate roadway, manufacturing aids and a manufacturing method.

In the first aspect, a separate roadway physical experiment model structure adopts the following technical scheme:

A separate roadway physical experiment model structure, including a model main body and a roadway support, the model main body includes a base and an upper rock mass, the upper rock mass is made by 3D printing, and several holes are integrally formed in the upper rock mass, The upper rock mass is provided with an installation groove adapted to the roadway support, the roadway support is fixedly arranged in the installation groove, and the side of the upper layer rock mass with the roadway support is fixedly connected to the top of the horizontally placed base.

By adopting the above technical scheme, the experimenters used 3D printing technology to print and make the upper rock mass on the main body of the model, which can most completely restore the shape and number of cracks and holes in the rock mass, eliminating the need for the experimenters to manually punch holes, and then The main body of the model and the support of the roadway are assembled into a whole in sequence, and then the physical experiment is carried out, which can better restore the force of the rock mass above the roadway and improve the accuracy of the experimental data.

Optionally, the upper rock mass includes several units arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, two adjacent units are fixedly connected, and the hole is located between the two adjacent units.

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, when using the sand mold 3D printing technology to make the upper rock mass, the multi-layer unit body is printed separately, and the holes are set on the separation surface between each unit body. After the unit body is printed, The filling powder in the holes on the unit body can be cleaned out, and then bonded to each unit body, which can keep the holes in the upper rock mass hollow and restore the state of the holes in the natural rock mass. At the same time, different density configurations can be used for each unit body. Ratio of sand molds and adhesives to simulate the properties of different rock formations in the rock mass, further improving the accuracy of experimental data.

Optionally, the installation groove is in the shape of a cross, each end of the installation groove is opened, and the roadway support is attached to the inner wall of the installation groove.

By adopting the above technical scheme, when performing mechanical analysis experiments on the rock mass at the intersection of the roadway, the installation groove on the upper rock mass and the roadway support are designed to match the same shape as the roadway, so that the intersection of the roadway can be The rock mass is subjected to mechanical experiment analysis.

Optionally, a clamping bar is fixedly provided on the edge of the roadway support, and a clamping groove adapted to the clamping bar is provided on the top wall of the base, and the clamping bar is clamped and matched with the clamping groove.

By adopting the above technical scheme, after the experimenters install the upper rock mass and the roadway support as a whole, then fix the upper rock mass and the base as a whole, and when assembling the upper rock mass and the base, the clamping strips at the bottom of the roadway support Connected to the clamping groove on the base, when the experimenter applies the adhesive on the base and assembles the upper rock mass, it can effectively prevent the adhesive from seeping into the installation groove on the upper rock mass, which can improve the accuracy of the experimental data.

In the second aspect, the application provides a manufacturing auxiliary tool for a separate roadway physical experiment model structure, which adopts the following technical scheme:

A manufacturing auxiliary tool for a separate roadway physical experiment model structure, including an installation box adapted to the size of the model body, the top of the installation box is open, and the top of the installation box is provided with a device for downward opening from the top opening of the installation box Compression mechanism.

By adopting the above technical scheme, when the experimenters assemble the model, they first put the roadway support in the installation box, smear the adhesive on the outer wall of the roadway support, and then put the upper rock mass into the installation box to make the installation The installation groove on the box is aligned with the roadway support and assembled, and then the upper rock mass and the roadway support are pressed tightly by the pressing mechanism on the installation box until the bonding is stable, and then the anchor support is driven into the upper rock mass from the inner side of the roadway support, and then Then put the base and the upper rock mass into the installation box again for bonding, and press and fix them. The installation stability of the main body of the model and the support of the roadway is good, and the experimental data is accurate.

Optionally, the pressing mechanism includes a mounting frame and a pressing plate, the mounting frame is arranged across the opening of the mounting box, one end of the mounting frame is horizontally connected to one side of the mounting box, and the other end is provided with a The limit assembly is connected and fixed with the installation box, the pressure plate is horizontally arranged under the installation frame, and the pressure plate is slidably connected to the installation frame in the vertical direction, and the drive assembly for driving the pressure plate to rise and fall is arranged on the installation frame .

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, when the experimenter presses the upper rock mass in the installation box, etc., first rotate the installation frame, turn the installation frame above the opening of the installation box, and use the other end of the installation frame to limit The component is fixed on the installation box, and then the pressure plate is driven down by the driving component, and the upper rock mass in the installation box can be pressed by the pressure plate, which is convenient to operate.

Optionally, the drive assembly includes a screw, a handle and a threaded sleeve, the threaded sleeve is fixed vertically on the mounting bracket, the thread of the screw is threaded in the threaded sleeve, one end of the screw is connected to the pressure plate It is connected horizontally, and the other end is fixedly connected with the handle.

By adopting the above technical scheme, when the experimenter drives the pressure plate up and down, he turns the handle, and through the threaded transmission of the screw rod and the threaded sleeve on the installation frame, the pressure plate can be pushed down on the installation frame and pressed against the upper layer in the installation box Rock mass, easy to operate.

Optionally, an overflow hole is opened on the side wall of the installation box.

By adopting the above technical scheme, the upper layer rock mass in the installation box is pressed by the pressure plate, so that the parts and components are in close contact, and the excess adhesive applied on the contact surface flows out of the installation box through the overflow hole on the side wall of the installation box , effectively prevent the inner wall of the installation box from bonding with the upper rock mass, etc., and facilitate the experimenter to take out the upper rock mass.

Optionally, the bottom opening of the installation box is provided, and the bottom of the installation box is provided with a bottom plate for opening and closing the bottom opening of the installation box, and the bottom plate is detachably connected with the installation box.

By adopting the above technical scheme, after the experimenter glues and fixes the upper rock mass in the installation box, the bottom plate at the bottom of the installation box can be removed, and the inner upper rock mass, etc. can be pushed from the opening of the installation box, which is convenient for installation. The upper rock mass etc. in the box are taken out of the installation box.

In the third aspect, the application provides a method for manufacturing a separate roadway physical experiment model structure, which adopts the following technical scheme:

A method for manufacturing a separate roadway physical experiment model structure, comprising the following steps:

S1. The rock mass is scanned on-site in the roadway, and the 3D model of the rock mass is generated by proportional scaling;

S2. 3D print out the base of the main body of the rock mass model, the upper rock mass, and make roadway supports;

S3. Install and fix the upper layer rock mass and roadway support, and then drive anchor support into the upper layer rock mass from the inside of the roadway support;

S4. Install and fix the fixed upper layer rock mass and the base.

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme and using CT scanning method to scan the rock mass on site, a 3D model of the rock mass with complete cracks and holes can be generated according to the facts, and then the main body of the rock mass model can be printed out through the sand mold 3D printing technology, so that the main body of the model can be The holes, cracks, etc. are consistent with the real rock mass, eliminating the need for experimenters to manually drill holes, and more accurate experimental data can be obtained.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. The experimenters used 3D printing technology to print and make the upper rock mass on the main body of the model, which can restore the shape and quantity of cracks and holes in the rock mass most completely, eliminating the need for the experimenter to manually punch holes, and then the main body of the model and the The roadway support is assembled into a whole in turn, and then the physical experiment is carried out, which can better restore the force of the rock mass above the roadway and improve the accuracy of the experimental data;

2. When the experimenters assemble the model, first put the roadway support in the installation box, apply adhesive on the outer wall of the roadway support, and then put the upper rock mass into the installation box, so that the installation on the installation box The groove is aligned with the roadway support and assembled, and then the upper rock mass and the roadway support are pressed tightly by the pressing mechanism on the installation box until the bonding is stable, and then the anchor support is driven into the upper rock mass from the inner side of the roadway support, and then the base and the roadway support are pressed together. The upper layer rock mass is put into the installation box again for bonding, and is pressed and fixed. The installation stability of the main body of the model and the support of the roadway is good, and the experimental data is accurate;

3. Using CT scanning method to scan the rock mass on site, a 3D model of the rock mass with complete cracks and holes can be generated according to the facts. The holes, cracks, etc. on the main body are consistent with the real rock mass, eliminating the need for experimenters to manually punch holes, and more accurate experimental data can be obtained.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the roadway physical experiment model structure of the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the roadway physical experiment model structure of the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the production aid of the embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part A in FIG. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the working state of the production aid of the embodiment of the present application.

Explanation of reference signs: 1. Model main body; 11. Base; 111. Clamping groove; 12. Upper rock mass; 121. Unit body; 13. Hole; 2. Roadway support; 21. Installation groove; 22. Clamping bar ;3, installation box; 31, overflow hole; 4, pressing mechanism; 41, mounting frame; 42, pressure plate; 43, limit component; 431, bolt; 432, perforation; 442, handle; 443, threaded sleeve; 45, guide rod; 5, bottom plate; 51, buckle.

Detailed ways

The present application will be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawings 1-5.

The embodiment of the present application discloses a physical experiment model structure of a separate roadway. Referring to Fig. 1, the roadway physical experiment model structure includes a model main body 1 and a roadway support 2. The model main body 1 is assembled from a base 11 and an upper rock mass 12, and the upper rock mass 12 is assembled from several horizontally placed unit bodies 121. The assembled bottom wall of the upper rock mass 12 is provided with an installation groove 21 , and the installation groove 21 is used for installing the roadway support 2 .

The main body of the model 1 is made of sand 3D printing. According to the actual roadway rock mass model during the molding process, a number of holes 13 that are the same as the actual rock mass are reserved in the main body 1 of the model. The powder material is removed, and the positions of the holes 13 are all located on the interface between the unit bodies 121 on the upper rock mass 12, and the interface of the unit body 121 on the upper rock mass 12 is also used for the boundary of different rock layers in the actual rock mass.

The installation groove 21 on the upper rock mass 12 can be a straight line, a trident or a cross. In this embodiment, the installation groove 21 is designed according to the actual roadway. The installation groove 21 is a cross, and each end of the installation groove 21 is opened to the upper rock mass. 12 sides. The roadway support 2 is set to fit the inner wall of the installation groove 21 completely. In this embodiment, the cross section of the roadway support 2 is U-shaped.

Between the unit bodies 121 of the upper rock mass 12, between the upper rock mass 12 and the base 11, and between the upper rock mass 12 and the roadway support 2, adhesives are used to bond and fix them. The mechanical properties are similar to the physical material of the rock mass in the actual roadway, and the adhesive is made of glue mixed with fine sand. Since the inner wall of the actual roadway is reinforced by the support layer, the roadway support 2 is used to appropriately increase the strength of the entire model to simulate the support layer and improve the accuracy of the model experiment.

In order to prevent the glue from penetrating into the model roadway support 2, the bottom edge of the roadway support 2 is integrally fixed with a snap-in strip 22 higher than the installation groove 21, and the edge of the corresponding roadway on the top wall of the base 11 is provided with the size and depth of the snap-in strip 22 Consistent clamping slots 111 . When installing the base 11 and the upper rock mass 12, align the clamping strips 22 into the clamping slots 111, which can effectively prevent the adhesive from being squeezed into the roadway during the extrusion process between the base 11 and the upper rock mass 12.

The implementation principle of a separate roadway physical experiment model structure in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: the experimenters use the sand mold 3D printing technology to print and make the upper rock mass 12 on the model main body 1, which can most completely restore the cracks, The shape and quantity of the holes 13 eliminate the need for manual drilling by the experimenter, and then the model body 1 and the roadway support 2 are assembled into a whole in sequence, and then the physical experiment is carried out, which can better restore the force of the rock mass above the roadway and improve the experimental data. accuracy.

The embodiment of the present application also discloses a manufacturing auxiliary tool for a physical experiment model structure of a separate roadway. The production aids include an installation box 3, which is hollow inside and has openings at the top and bottom. The bottom of the installation box 3 is detachably mounted with a bottom plate 5 for opening and closing the bottom opening of the installation box 3 . The opening size of the installation box 3 is consistent with the size of the base 11 on the model body 1. The base 11 is horizontally placed in the installation box 3, and each unit body 121 of the upper rock mass 12 is horizontally superimposed on the base 11 in turn. The top of the installation box 3 is provided with a pressing mechanism 4 that presses down the model parts in the installation box 3 from the upper opening of the installation box 3 .

In this embodiment, the pressing mechanism 4 includes a mounting frame 41 and a pressing plate 42. One end of the mounting frame 41 is rotationally connected to the mounting box 3, and the rotation axis of the mounting frame 41 is parallel to the depth direction of the mounting box 3. The other end of the mounting frame 41 One end is detachably connected to the installation box 3 through a limit assembly 43 . The limit assembly 43 includes a bolt 431, the other end of the mounting frame 41 is provided with a perforation 432 for the bolt 431 to pass through, and the bolt 431 passes through the perforation 432 on the mounting frame 41 and is connected with the bolt 431 of the mounting box 3, thereby limiting the rotation of the mounting frame 41 .

On the top wall of the pressure plate 42, a guide rod 45 is vertically welded and fixed, and a guide hole adapted to the guide rod 45 is provided on the mounting frame 41. The axis of the guide hole is parallel to the rotation axis of the mounting frame 41, and the guide rod 45 slides through. In the guide hole, the pressing plate 42 is located on the side of the installation frame 41 close to the installation box 3 . The mounting bracket 41 is provided with a drive assembly 44 for driving the pressing plate 42 to vertically lift above the opening of the installation box 3 . In this embodiment, the drive assembly 44 includes a screw rod 441 , a handle 442 and a threaded sleeve 443 . The threaded sleeve 443 is welded and fixed on the mounting frame 41, the axis of the threaded sleeve 443 is consistent with the sliding direction of the pressure plate 42, the screw rod 441 is threaded in the threaded sleeve 443, one end of the screw rod 441 is rotationally connected with the pressure plate 42, and the other end It is fixedly connected with the handle 442 .

In other embodiments, the driving assembly 44 can also be an electric push rod, which is fixedly installed on the installation frame 41 , and the movable rod of the electric push rod passes through the installation frame 41 and is fixedly connected with the pressure plate 42 .

The base plate 5 and the installation box 3 are detachably installed, and in this embodiment, the base plate 5 and the installation box 3 are connected by buckles 51 . The movable part of the buckle 51 is riveted and fixed on both side walls of the installation box 3 , and the fixed part of the buckle 51 is riveted and fixed on the bottom plate 5 . By removing the base plate 5 , the experimenter can push the model parts in the installation box 3 from the top opening of the installation box 3 and push the model out of the installation box 3 .

In order to prevent the adhesive from being extruded into the installation box 3 during the process of pressing the various parts of the model and to make the various parts of the model and the installation box 3 bonded together, a communication installation box is also provided on the side wall of the installation box 3 The overflow hole 31 inside the 3 can hollow out the local area of the side wall of the installation box 3 through several overflow holes 31, which can reduce the bonding area between the model and the installation box 3 and improve the convenience of taking out the model.

The implementation principle of a manufacturing auxiliary tool for a separate roadway physical experiment model structure in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: when the experimenter assembles the model, first put the roadway support 2 in the installation box 3, and place it on the outer wall of the roadway support 2 Smear on adhesive, put upper layer rock mass 12 in the installation box 3 again, make the installation groove 21 on the installation box 3 align roadway support 2 to assemble. Then turn the mounting frame 41 on the mounting box 3 so that the mounting frame 41 straddles the mounting box 3, use the bolt 431 to fix the mounting frame 41 on the mounting frame 41, turn the handle 442 again, and thread the screw rod 441 with the mounting frame 41 The sleeve 443 is threaded, so that the pressing plate 42 is pressed down into the installation box 3, and the upper rock mass 12 and the roadway support 2 are pressed tightly until the bonding is stable. After the upper rock mass 12 and the roadway support 2 are firmly fixed, the pressure plate 42 is loosened and the installation frame 41 is opened, and the upper rock mass 12 bonded once is taken out from the installation box 3, and then the upper rock mass 12 is taken out from the inner side of the roadway support 2 to the upper rock mass. In 12, drive into the anchor support. Afterwards, put the base 11 and the upper rock mass 12 into the installation box 3 again for secondary bonding, and the former is compressed and fixed when passing through the pressing plate 42 . The installation stability of the model main body 1 and the roadway support 2 is good, and the experimental data is accurate.

The embodiment of the present application also discloses a method for manufacturing a physical experiment model structure of a separate roadway. Include the following steps:

S1. Use CT equipment to scan the rock mass in the roadway, generate a 3D model of the rock mass by proportional scaling, process the 3D model, and determine the order of model printing supports;

S2. Using sand mold 3D printing technology, 3D print out the base 11 of the rock mass model main body 1 and the upper rock mass 12, and make the roadway support 2. The upper rock mass 12 is horizontally layered into multiple unit bodies 121, each unit body 121 Should be 3D printed separately;

S3. Relatively bonding and fixing each unit body 121 in the upper rock mass 12 and the roadway support 2 with an adhesive, the adhesive is made of fine sand mixed with glue, after the upper rock mass 12 and the roadway support 2 are bonded and formed, Drive anchor support into the rock mass 12 from the inside of the roadway support 2;

S4, bonding and fixing the fixed upper rock mass 12 and the base 11 with an adhesive.

All of the above are preferred embodiments of the application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the application should be covered by the protection scope of the application. Inside.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a disconnect-type tunnel physics experiment model structure which characterized in that: the device comprises a model main body (1) and a roadway support (2), wherein the model main body (1) comprises a base (11) and an upper rock mass (12), the upper rock mass (12) is manufactured by 3D printing, a plurality of holes (13) are formed in the upper rock mass (12) in an integrated manner, a mounting groove (21) matched with the roadway support (2) is formed in the upper rock mass (12), the roadway support (2) is fixedly arranged in the mounting groove (21), and one side of the upper rock mass (12) with the roadway support (2) is fixedly connected with the top of the horizontally-placed base (11); the upper rock mass (12) comprises a plurality of unit bodies (121) which are arranged in a parallel split mode in the vertical direction, the adjacent unit bodies (121) are fixedly connected, and the hole (13) is located between the adjacent unit bodies (121).

2. The physical experimental model structure of the separated roadway according to claim 1, wherein: mounting groove (21) are the cross, the setting is all opened to each tip of mounting groove (21), the tunnel supports (2) and the inner wall laminating of mounting groove (21).

3. The physical experimental model structure of the separated roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixed joint strip (22) that is provided with in edge that the tunnel supported (2), offer joint groove (111) with joint strip (22) adaptation on the roof of base (11), joint strip (22) and joint groove (111) joint cooperation.

4. An auxiliary tool for manufacturing a separate roadway physical experiment model structure, which comprises the separate roadway physical experiment model structure defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, and is characterized in that: the model comprises a mounting box (3) matched with a model main body (1) in size, wherein the top of the mounting box (3) is provided with a top opening, and a pressing mechanism (4) used for pressing downwards from the top opening of the mounting box (3) is arranged at the top of the mounting box (3).

5. The manufacturing assistive device for the physical experiment model structure of the separated roadway according to claim 4, characterized in that: hold-down mechanism (4) are including mounting bracket (41) and clamp plate (42), mounting bracket (41) span the opening part that sets up at mounting box (3), the one end of mounting bracket (41) is rotated with one side level of mounting box (3) and is connected, the other end is provided with and is used for being connected fixed spacing subassembly (43) with mounting box (3), clamp plate (42) level sets up the below at mounting bracket (41), clamp plate (42) slide along vertical direction and connect on mounting bracket (41), be provided with drive assembly (44) that are used for ordering about clamp plate (42) and go up and down on mounting bracket (41).

6. The manufacturing assistive device for the physical experiment model structure of the separated roadway according to claim 5, characterized in that: the driving assembly (44) comprises a screw rod (441), a handle (442) and a threaded sleeve (443), wherein the threaded sleeve (443) is vertically and fixedly arranged on the mounting frame (41), the screw rod (441) is threaded in the threaded sleeve (443), one end of the screw rod (441) is horizontally and rotatably connected with the pressing plate (42), and the other end of the screw rod is fixedly connected with the handle (442).

7. The manufacturing assistive device of the separated roadway physical experiment model structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: an overflow hole (31) is formed in the side wall of the mounting box (3).

8. The manufacturing assistive device of the separated roadway physical experiment model structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: the bottom opening of mounting box (3) sets up, the bottom of mounting box (3) is provided with bottom plate (5) that are used for switching mounting box (3) bottom opening, bottom plate (5) can be dismantled with mounting box (3) and be connected.

9. A manufacturing method of a separated roadway physical experiment model structure is applied to the separated roadway physical experiment model structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, scanning a rock mass in a roadway site, and generating a rock mass three-dimensional model by scaling in an equal proportion;

s2, printing a base (11) and an upper rock mass (12) of the rock mass model main body (1) in a 3D mode, and manufacturing a roadway support (2);

s3, installing and fixing the upper rock mass (12) and the roadway support (2), and then driving an anchoring support into the upper rock mass (12) from the interior of the roadway support (2);

and S4, installing and fixing the fixed upper rock mass (12) and the base (11).

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