CN113638689A - A quantitative drilling device and method - Google Patents
A quantitative drilling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113638689A CN113638689A CN202110843790.XA CN202110843790A CN113638689A CN 113638689 A CN113638689 A CN 113638689A CN 202110843790 A CN202110843790 A CN 202110843790A CN 113638689 A CN113638689 A CN 113638689A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009125 negative feedback regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
- E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种定量钻进装置及方法，其技术方案为：包括壳体、旋转运动机构、直线运动机构，壳体内部安装用于钻进过程消耗能量的功率计；旋转运动机构与传动杆的一端相连，传动杆垂直穿过移动件中心，在旋转运动机构的作用下传动杆能够相对移动件旋转；所述旋转运动机构安装有用于获取传动杆扭矩信息的动态扭矩传感器；直线运动机构安装于壳体内，所述移动件一侧安装有用于获取钻进时压力信息的动态压力传感器；直线运动机构通过移动件连接传动杆，在直线运动机构的作用下移动件能够带动传动杆沿壳体长度方向上移动。本发明能够实现钻进压力、扭矩、转速的定量化，能够快速有效反应地层变化。
The invention discloses a quantitative drilling device and method. One end of the rod is connected, the transmission rod vertically passes through the center of the moving part, and the transmission rod can rotate relative to the moving part under the action of the rotary motion mechanism; the rotary motion mechanism is equipped with a dynamic torque sensor for acquiring the torque information of the transmission rod; the linear motion mechanism Installed in the casing, a dynamic pressure sensor for acquiring pressure information during drilling is installed on one side of the moving part; the linear motion mechanism is connected to the transmission rod through the moving part, and the moving part can drive the transmission rod along the casing under the action of the linear motion mechanism move in the lengthwise direction of the body. The invention can realize the quantification of drilling pressure, torque and rotational speed, and can quickly and effectively respond to formation changes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of drilling machines, in particular to a quantitative drilling device and method.
Background
The Drilling Process Monitoring (DPM) technology reflects the in-situ information of the rock by Monitoring the while-Drilling parameters, and overcomes the defects of time consumption and labor consumption of the traditional Drilling method. The successful application of the drilling process monitoring technology in practical engineering fully confirms the feasibility of layer judgment based on digital drilling parameters. The comprehensive popularization and application of the digital drilling technology in the aspect of engineering geological exploration greatly saves the geological exploration cost and improves the geological exploration efficiency and the applicability.
However, the inventor finds that the drilling process monitoring technology only monitors drilling parameters, and the acquired data has great discreteness and is difficult to perform quantitative analysis. The existing drilling judgment layer is only provided with a monitoring device on a drilling machine and can only monitor drilling parameters. Because the stratum change is complex, the prior art can not carry out quantitative control on the drilling parameters, so that only the change of the drilling parameters can be observed, and the stratum parameters can be roughly and qualitatively analyzed and predicted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a quantitative drilling device and method, which can realize the quantification of drilling pressure, torque and rotating speed and can quickly and effectively react to stratum changes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a quantitative drilling apparatus comprising:
the power meter is used for consuming energy in the drilling process;
the rotating motion mechanism is connected with one end of the transmission rod, the transmission rod vertically penetrates through the center of the moving part, and the transmission rod can rotate relative to the moving part under the action of the rotating motion mechanism; the rotary motion mechanism is provided with a dynamic torque sensor for acquiring the torque information of the transmission rod;
the linear motion mechanism is arranged in the shell, and one side of the moving piece is provided with a dynamic pressure sensor for acquiring pressure information during drilling; the linear motion mechanism is connected with the transmission rod through the moving part, and the moving part can drive the transmission rod to move along the length direction of the shell under the action of the linear motion mechanism.
As a further implementation manner, the rotary motion mechanism comprises a first motor and a synchronous belt mechanism, and the first motor is connected with the transmission rod through the synchronous belt mechanism; the dynamic torque sensor is arranged between the first motor and the synchronous belt mechanism.
As a further implementation mode, a shaft sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the transmission rod and fixedly connected with the moving part, and the transmission rod can rotate relative to the shaft sleeve.
As a further implementation manner, the linear motion mechanism comprises a second motor and a lead screw connected with the second motor, and the lead screw is in threaded connection with the moving part;
a plurality of guide rods are arranged in the length direction of the shell, and the movable piece can move along the guide rods under the action of the lead screw.
As a further implementation, the housing has a sliding groove therein for movement of the moving member.
As a further implementation mode, the other end of the transmission rod is provided with an impactor.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a formation evaluation method using the quantitative drilling apparatus, including:
starting a device, and recording the drilling speed and the power change of the drilling machine;
after drilling to the target depth, stopping drilling; deriving drilling depth, corresponding speed and energy consumption values, and obtaining a depth change curve of the hard drilling area and the easy drilling area through data processing;
and calculating and generating a three-dimensional geological visual stratum through geological modeling software so as to realize layer judgment.
As a further implementation, when the drilling speed and the consumed energy value are not changed greatly, the stratum is stable; when the drilling speed and the consumed energy value are suddenly increased or decreased, the change of the drilling stratum is indicated.
As a further implementation, in hard rock formation survey testing, torque and rotational speed are limited to a set range.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a control method for a quantitative drilling device, where the quantitative drilling device is adopted to compare actual bit pressure, torque and motor rotation speed values measured by a dynamic pressure sensor and a dynamic torque sensor with set bit pressure, torque and rotation speed values, and calculate a difference value;
calculating a proportional regulation output, an integral regulation output and a differential regulation output according to the difference; the three output values are added together and fed back to the motor, and the pressure, the torque and the rotating speed of the drill bit are controlled through the speed of the motor, so that the constant output of the pressure, the torque and the rotating speed of the drill bit is realized.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
(1) one or more embodiments of the invention can detect the torque value, the pressure value and the consumed energy in the drilling process in real time by arranging the dynamic torque sensor, the dynamic pressure sensor and the power meter, feed back the detection signal to the motor, and control the movement of the drilling device through the motor, thereby realizing quantitative drilling.
(2) According to one or more embodiments of the invention, the layer judgment can be realized by inserting the drilling rock and soil mass information and the coordinate parameters into geological modeling software, learning by calling data, and calculating to generate a three-dimensional geological visualization stratum.
(3) One or more embodiments of the invention realize the constancy of pressure, torque and rotating speed through self-adaptive negative feedback regulation.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention according to one or more embodiments;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a control method according to one or more embodiments of the invention;
the dynamic torque sensor comprises a first motor 1, a first motor 2, a lead screw 3, a dynamic torque sensor 4, a main synchronizing wheel 5, a transmission rod 6, a synchronous belt 7, a dynamic pressure sensor 8, a shaft end fixing seat 9, a power meter 10, a moving part 11, a guide rod 12, a shell 13, a slave synchronizing wheel 14, a second motor 15, an impactor 16 and a sliding chute.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
in the field of drilling rigs, it is common to determine the basic reference frame of the drilling rig according to the drilling direction, i.e. front-back, front-back and also the length direction of the drilling rig, i.e. the front-back direction.
As shown in fig. 1, the quantitative drilling device of the present embodiment includes a housing 12, a transmission rod 5, a rotary motion mechanism, and a linear motion mechanism, wherein the rotary motion mechanism is connected to the transmission rod 5 and can drive the rotary transmission rod 5 to rotate; the linear motion mechanism is arranged inside the shell 12 and connected with the transmission rod 5 through the moving part 10, and the transmission rod 5, the moving part 10 and the rotary motion mechanism can move along the length direction of the shell 12 under the action of the linear motion mechanism so as to realize drilling.
Further, the inside of the shell 12 is a cavity, and the side wall of the shell is provided with a sliding groove 16 along the length direction; the moving member 10 is slidably connected to the slide groove 16. The shape of the housing 12 may be set according to actual engineering requirements. For example, the cross section of the housing 12 is provided in a rectangular shape.
Further, the rotary motion mechanism is arranged at the top of the housing 12, in this embodiment, the rotary motion mechanism includes a first motor 1 and a synchronous belt mechanism, a dynamic torque sensor 3 is connected between the first motor 1 and the synchronous belt mechanism, and the dynamic torque sensor 3 measures the torque of the transmission rod 5.
The synchronous belt mechanism comprises a main synchronous wheel 4, a synchronous belt 6 and a secondary synchronous wheel 13, the first motor 1 is connected with one end of the dynamic torque sensor 3 through a coupler, and the other end of the dynamic torque sensor 3 is connected with the mounting shaft through the coupler; the main synchronizing wheel 4 is fixed on the mounting shaft.
The slave synchronizing wheel 13 is connected with the master synchronizing wheel 4 through a timing belt 6, and the slave synchronizing wheel 13 is located below the master synchronizing wheel 4. The slave synchronizing wheel 13 is connected to one end of the transmission rod 5. Under the action of the first motor 1, the transmission rod 5 rotates through the transmission action of the main synchronous wheel 4, the synchronous belt 6 and the auxiliary synchronous wheel 13.
Preferably, the first motor 1 is a servo motor.
Further, the mounting shaft is connected with the moving member 10 through a bearing, and the transmission rod 5 passes through the center of the moving member 10. The outside of the transmission rod 5 is provided with a shaft sleeve coaxial with the transmission rod, the outside of the shaft sleeve is fixed with the moving part 10, and the inside of the shaft sleeve is connected with the transmission rod 5 through a bearing so that the transmission rod 5 can rotate relative to the shaft sleeve.
And the other end of the transmission rod 5 is provided with an impactor 15, and the rock mass is drilled through the impactor 15. The side of the moving part 10, which is far away from the driven synchronizing wheel 13, is connected with a shaft end fixing seat 8, and the shaft end fixing seat 8 extends out of the end part of the shell 12 and is used for stabilizing the drilling device on an engineering site.
Further, the linear motion mechanism comprises a second motor 14, a lead screw 2 and a plurality of guide rods 11, wherein the guide rods 11 vertically penetrate through the moving part 10 and are arranged along the length direction in the shell 12; the second motor 14 is connected with the lead screw 2, the lead screw 2 is in threaded connection with the moving part 10, and the moving part 10 moves along the guide rod 11 under the action of the second motor 14.
The side of the moving part 10, which is far away from the synchronous wheel 13, is fixedly provided with a plurality of dynamic pressure sensors 7, and when the moving part 10 moves to be in contact with the side wall of the shell 12, the extrusion force can be detected; according to the acting force and the reacting force, the pressure value generated by the extrusion of the moving part 10 is the pressure value borne by the drill bit (the impactor 15), and the test value of the dynamic torque sensor 3 is the drill bit torque value. And the drill rod is provided with a stay wire encoder, and the length of the stay wire encoder in unit time is the drilling speed.
Further, a power meter 9 for measuring the energy consumed by the drilling device is mounted inside the housing 12.
The drilling device of the embodiment is provided with the dynamic torque sensor 3, the dynamic pressure sensor 7, the stay wire encoder and the power meter 9, can realize the quantification of the drilling pressure, the torque and the rotating speed, and can quickly and effectively react the formation change compared with the traditional drilling machine.
Example two:
the embodiment provides a formation evaluation method of a quantitative drilling device, and the quantitative drilling device according to the first embodiment includes:
(1) and installing a proper impactor 15 according to engineering investigation requirements, and debugging the drilling device after the installation is finished.
(2) And fixedly installing the quantitative drilling device at a place where geological exploration and layer judgment are needed.
(3) After the device is stabilized, the drilling device is turned on, and a constant drilling pressure-rotating speed or constant drilling torque-rotating speed mode is set. Considering the protection drilling device and the impactor 15, the drilling pressure is not higher than 100 KN/the torque is not higher than 10KN M/the rotating speed is not lower than 600r/min in the investigation test of the hard rock stratum, and the limitation is not made in the investigation test of the soft soil stratum.
(4) The drilling device is started to start drilling, the drilling speed and the power change of the drill bit are recorded at the same time, when the stratum is stable, the drilling speed and the consumed energy value of the drilling machine are not changed greatly due to the fact that the drilling pressure or the torque is constant (namely the drilling power is constant), and when the drilling speed and the consumed energy value of the drilling machine are increased suddenly or decreased suddenly, the stratum is changed.
(5) And after the drilling is carried out to the target depth, stopping drilling, deriving and recording the drilling depth, the corresponding speed and the consumed energy value, and carrying out data processing according to the pressure value change and the energy consumption value to obtain a curve of the difficult drilling area (high-strength area) and the easy drilling area (low-strength area) along with the depth change.
(6) And (4) withdrawing the transmission rod 5, cleaning the impactor 15, moving the quantitative drilling device, and repeating the steps.
(7) After multiple drilling in a region needing geological exploration is finished, inserting drilling rock and soil body information in a drill into Paradigm SKUA-GOCAD geological modeling software, calling data through the software for learning, calculating and generating a three-dimensional geological visual stratum, and then preliminarily realizing layer judgment.
Example three:
the embodiment provides a control method of a quantitative drilling device, which is used for quantitative control of a drill rod.
The actual bit pressure, torque and the rotating speed value of the servo motor measured by the dynamic pressure sensor and the dynamic torque sensor are compared with the set bit pressure, torque and rotating speed to calculate a difference value; and calculating a proportional regulation output, an integral regulation output and a differential regulation output according to the difference. The three output values are added together and fed back to the feeding servo motor, and the pressure, the torque and the rotating speed of the drill bit are controlled through the speed of the servo motor, so that the constant output of the pressure, the torque and the rotating speed of the drill bit is realized.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the method includes the following steps:
(1) firstly, proportional adjustment output is carried out, the deviation value of the pressure and the torque of the drill bit is multiplied by a proportional coefficient to obtain an output value, and the output is in direct proportion to the input deviation; when the pressure of the drill bit deviates, the proportional adjustment function can be timely generated, so that the pressure and the torque of the drill bit change towards the direction of reducing the deviation, and the adjustment can be timely performed.
(2) The degree of proportionality is placed at a slightly greater value than the calculated value, gradually introducing an integrating and differentiating action.
(3) And (3) integral adjustment output, namely, performing integral calculation on the bit pressure difference value to multiply the reciprocal of the integral time to obtain integral adjustment output, wherein the integral adjustment output is an integral time constant which represents the magnitude of the integral speed, and the larger the integral speed is, the slower the integral speed is, and the weaker the integral action is.
As long as the deviation of the drill pressure is not zero, a corresponding control quantity is generated and accordingly the controlled quantity is influenced. The increase can reduce the integral effect, slows down the process of eliminating the static error promptly, reduces the overshoot, improves drill bit pressure, moment of torsion stability.
(4) And (3) differential regulation output, wherein the differential output value is obtained by carrying out differential calculation on the bit pressure difference value and multiplying the differential calculation value by differential time, and the differential component has a control effect on any change of the bit pressure deviation so as to adjust the system output and prevent the bit pressure deviation from changing.
The faster the bit pressure deviation changes, the greater the resulting hold back. The differential regulation action is characterized in that: the addition of differential regulation can help to reduce overshoot, overcome oscillation and make the system tend to be stable. The action speed of the system is accelerated, and the adjusting time is shortened, so that the dynamic performance of the system is improved.
(5) Finally, parameter setting is carried out to reduce the proportion to a calculated value, the pressure of the drill bit is observed and properly adjusted until the difference value between the actual pressure value of the drill bit and the set pressure of the drill bit is within an allowable range.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A quantitative drilling device, comprising:
the power meter is used for consuming energy in the drilling process;
the rotating motion mechanism is connected with one end of the transmission rod, the transmission rod vertically penetrates through the center of the moving part, and the transmission rod can rotate relative to the moving part under the action of the rotating motion mechanism; the rotary motion mechanism is provided with a dynamic torque sensor for acquiring the torque information of the transmission rod;
the linear motion mechanism is arranged in the shell, and one side of the moving piece is provided with a dynamic pressure sensor for acquiring pressure information during drilling; the linear motion mechanism is connected with the transmission rod through the moving part, and the moving part can drive the transmission rod to move along the length direction of the shell under the action of the linear motion mechanism.
2. The quantitative drilling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotary motion mechanism comprises a first motor and a synchronous belt mechanism, and the first motor is connected with the transmission rod through the synchronous belt mechanism; the dynamic torque sensor is arranged between the first motor and the synchronous belt mechanism.
3. A quantitative drilling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the driving rod, the sleeve is fixedly connected with the moving member, and the driving rod can rotate relative to the sleeve.
4. The quantitative drilling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the linear motion mechanism comprises a second motor, a lead screw connected with the second motor, and the lead screw is in threaded connection with the moving member;
a plurality of guide rods are arranged in the length direction of the shell, and the movable piece can move along the guide rods under the action of the lead screw.
5. A quantitative drilling device according to claim 1, wherein the housing has a slide groove therein for movement of the movable member.
6. A quantitative drilling apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the other end of the drive rod is provided with an impactor.
7. A formation evaluation method using a quantitative drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
starting a device, and recording the drilling speed and the power change of the drilling machine;
after drilling to the target depth, stopping drilling; deriving drilling depth, corresponding speed and energy consumption values, and obtaining a depth change curve of the hard drilling area and the easy drilling area through data processing;
and calculating and generating a three-dimensional geological visual stratum through geological modeling software so as to realize layer judgment.
8. The formation evaluation method of a quantitative drilling device according to claim 7, wherein when the drilling rate does not change much from the consumed energy value, it is indicated that the formation is stable; when the drilling speed and the consumed energy value are suddenly increased or decreased, the change of the drilling stratum is indicated.
9. The formation evaluation method using a quantitative drilling device according to claim 7, wherein the torque and the rotation speed are limited within a predetermined range in a hard rock formation investigation test.
10. A control method of a quantitative drilling device is characterized in that the quantitative drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is adopted, actual bit pressure, torque and motor rotating speed values measured by a dynamic pressure sensor and a dynamic torque sensor are compared with set bit pressure, torque and rotating speed, and a difference value is calculated;
calculating a proportional regulation output, an integral regulation output and a differential regulation output according to the difference; the three output values are added together and fed back to the motor, and the pressure, the torque and the rotating speed of the drill bit are controlled through the speed of the motor, so that the constant output of the pressure, the torque and the rotating speed of the drill bit is realized.
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| CN202110843790.XA CN113638689A (en) | 2021-07-26 | 2021-07-26 | A quantitative drilling device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115112485A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Soil strength, deformation characteristic and seepage characteristic integrated detection device |
| CN116907974A (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2023-10-20 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Portable handheld rock mechanical parameter testing instrument and method |
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