CN113638134A - High-volume-fraction high-performance needling preform and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-volume-fraction high-performance needling preform and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
- D04H18/02—Needling machines with needles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06H—MARKING, INSPECTING, SEAMING OR SEVERING TEXTILE MATERIALS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高体积分数高性能针刺预制体及其制备方法。该方法是将纤维布铺放到裁床上，裁床按照设计的切割轨迹对纤维布进行切割，形成半切纤维布；将半切纤维布铺设于基布上，形成一个结构单元；然后依照针刺程序和针刺工艺参数对该结构单元进行针刺；该结构单元针刺成型后，沿针刺预制体的厚度方向在该针刺成型的结构单元的上方继续铺放一个结构单元，进行针刺成型过程；重复上述过程，直至达到目标的针刺预制体厚度。本发明采用高体积分数的半切纤维布取代低体积分数的普通网胎，提高了针刺预制体的体积分数、层间剥离强度和面内拉伸强度。
The invention discloses a high-volume fraction high-performance acupuncture preform and a preparation method thereof. The method is to lay the fiber cloth on the cutting bed, and the cutting machine cuts the fiber cloth according to the designed cutting trajectory to form a half-cut fiber cloth; lays the half-cut fiber cloth on the base cloth to form a structural unit; and then follows the needle punching procedure. and the needling process parameters to acupuncture the structural unit; after the structural unit is acupuncture formed, continue to lay a structural unit above the acupuncture formed structural unit along the thickness direction of the acupuncture preform to carry out acupuncture forming Process; repeat the above process until the target thickness of the needling preform is reached. The invention adopts the half-cut fiber cloth with high volume fraction to replace the common mesh with low volume fraction, and improves the volume fraction, interlayer peeling strength and in-plane tensile strength of the needle punched preform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of needling preforms, in particular to a high-volume-fraction high-performance needling preform and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The needling technology is a low-cost 3D preform preparation technology, short fibers in a net tire are introduced into the thickness direction of a fabric through needling, the defect of poor interlayer bonding strength of a 2D laminated board is overcome, and due to the high automation degree of the preparation technology, the defects of complex process, high cost, long processing period and the like of other 3D preform manufacturing technologies (three-dimensional knitting, three-dimensional weaving and the like) are overcome, so that the preparation technology becomes a multipurpose high-technology-content three-dimensional preform preparation technology which is widely used at present.
At present, the fiber needling preform is mainly formed by laminating and needling a net tire and a base fabric, and due to the existence of a low-density net tire layer, the volume fraction (namely the volume percentage of fibers contained in the preform) of the existing needling preform is mainly in the range of 10-30%.
The research of the fiber felt needling forming experiment in the document 'three-dimensional needling forming trajectory planning and needling simulation of special-shaped component prefabricated body robot' finds that: adopts a net tire/base fabric laminated needling forming method, and the net tire surface density is 75g/m2The base fabric adopts the surface density of 234g/m2The satin cloth has a needling density of 10 needles/cm2About 30 needles/cm2And the needling depth is 20mm, the volume fraction of the prepared needled quartz fiber preform is only 13.7-16.6%, the difficulty in preparing the needled preform with the volume fraction of more than 30% is high, and the fiber needled preform with higher volume fraction is generally obtained by adopting a manufacturing process with higher needling density, and the research of Damage evaluation of quartz fiber weaving processing shows that: high needling density can result in severe damage to the substrate. Thus, higher volume fraction web/base fabric laminates have less in-plane stretch. Visible, method for needling net tyre and base cloth laminationThe high-volume-fraction and high-performance needling prefabricated body is difficult to form, and the application of the needling prefabricated body to a new generation of hypersonic aircraft radome and a high-speed rail train brake disc is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-volume-fraction high-performance needling preform and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is to provide a preparation method of a high-volume-fraction high-performance needling preform, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, preparing half-cut fiber cloth: laying the fiber cloth on a cutting bed, and cutting the fiber cloth by the cutting bed according to a designed cutting track to form half-cut fiber cloth;
the cutting track is composed of a plurality of identical and mutually parallel straight cutting lines; all the straight cutting lines are parallel to one direction of the warp direction or the weft direction of the half-cut fiber cloth, and all the yarns in the direction perpendicular to the straight cutting lines are cut into short fibers through the straight cutting lines;
step two, needle punching forming: laying the half-cut fiber cloth on a base cloth to form a structural unit; then needling the structural unit according to a needling program and needling process parameters; after the structural unit is formed by needling, continuously laying a structural unit above the structural unit formed by needling along the thickness direction of the needling prefabricated body, and carrying out the needling forming process; the above process is repeated until the target needled preform thickness is reached.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the half-cut fiber cloth with high volume fraction to replace the common net tire with low volume fraction, and improves the volume fraction, the interlayer peeling strength and the in-plane tensile strength of the needled preform.
(2) The half-cut fiber cloth is only used for cutting off the fibers in one direction of the warp direction or the weft direction, and the bearing capacity in one direction is still kept, so that the in-plane tensile strength of the needled preform can be effectively improved by adopting the half-cut fiber cloth. Meanwhile, the half-cut fiber cloth is beneficial to the felting needles to hook more short fibers, and the felting needles effectively extrude long fibers in the base cloth in the process of being penetrated, so that the damage of the felting needles to the base cloth is effectively inhibited, and the in-plane tensile strength of the needled preform is further improved.
(3) The half-cut fiber cloth provides the short fiber net with high-density ordered arrangement, so that the transfer efficiency of the short fibers in the needling process is improved, namely, the felting needles hook more fibers and transfer the fibers to the thickness direction to form more needled fiber bundles, thereby improving the interlayer peeling strength of the needled preform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a half-cut fiber fabric of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a needled preform of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a positional relationship of straight cut lines on half-cut fiber cloths between adjacent structural units according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing another positional relationship of straight cut lines on half-cut fiber cloths between adjacent structural units of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, half-cut fiber cloth; 2. cutting the line straight; 3. a base cloth; 4. needle-punching the fiber bundle in the thickness direction.
Detailed Description
Specific examples of the present invention are given below. The specific examples are only intended to illustrate the invention in further detail and do not limit the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.
The invention provides a preparation method (method for short) of a high-volume-fraction high-performance needling preform, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, preparing half-cut fiber cloth 1;
(1) designing a cutting track: designing a cutting track by adopting AUTOCAD software; the cutting track is composed of a plurality of identical and mutually parallel straight cutting lines 2; all the straight cutting lines 2 are parallel to one direction of the warp direction or the weft direction of the half-cut fiber cloth 1, and all the yarns in the direction perpendicular to the straight cutting lines are cut into short fibers through the straight cutting lines 2; in the direction parallel to the straight cutting lines, the adjacent straight cutting lines 2 are arranged in a staggered way, and the adjacent straight cutting lines are mutually overlapped (namely have overlapped parts) along the direction vertical to the straight cutting lines;
preferably, in the step (1) of the first step, the straight cutting lines 2 are located at the gaps between the yarns, so that the damage to the yarns in the parallel direction can be minimized.
Preferably, in the step (1) of the first step, the distance between two adjacent straight cutting lines 2 is the same in the direction perpendicular to the straight cutting lines, and all the yarns in the direction perpendicular to the straight cutting lines are cut into staple fibers of the same length.
Preferably, in the step (1) of the first step, the distance between two adjacent straight cutting lines 2 in the direction perpendicular to the straight cutting lines is 20-40 mm;
preferably, in the step (1) of the first step, the length of the straight cutting line 2 is 30-50 mm;
(2) generating a cutting program: exporting the cutting track into a dwg format file in AUTOCAD software; opening the dwg file by using the design software DESIGNCCONCEPT TECHEX of the Li Ke cutting bed, endowing cutting lines according to a sketch, and respectively storing the cut lines as a xin file and a dat file; loading the xin file and the dat file by using a Like cutting bed typesetting software DIAMINO TECHEX for typesetting to generate MKX and PLX cutting program files;
(3) cutting: laying the complete fiber cloth on a rick cutting bed, and ensuring that warp yarns and weft yarns of the fiber cloth are parallel to an X axis and a Y axis of a plane rectangular coordinate system of the cutting bed; loading MKX and PLX cutting program files; setting a cutting speed, starting a cutting bed, and driving a cutter to cut the fiber cloth according to a designed cutting track by the cutting bed to form half-cut fiber cloth 1;
preferably, in the step (3) of the first step, the cutting speed is 10-15 m/min.
Preferably, in the step (3) of the first step, the fiber cloth is a woven cloth, specifically a satin cloth, a twill cloth or a plain cloth; the half-cut fiber cloth 1 is half-cut satin cloth, half-cut twill cloth or half-cut plain cloth;
secondly, needle punching forming;
(1) designing a needling track: calculating the needling stepping amount according to the needling density requirement and the arrangement pattern of the needle plate; designing the positions of the needling points by adopting AUTOCAD software according to the needling stepping amount, and sequentially outputting coordinate values of the needling points in a workpiece coordinate system;
(2) and (3) generating a needling program: converting coordinate values of the needling points in the workpiece coordinate system into coordinate values in a world coordinate system of the needling robot, and compiling an executable program of the needling robot according to a motion instruction of the needling robot and pose information of the needling points;
(3) and (3) needling: laying the half-cut fiber cloth 1 on a base cloth 3 to form a structural unit; then needling the structural unit according to a needling program and needling process parameters; after the structural unit is formed by needling, continuously laying a structural unit above the structural unit formed by needling along the thickness direction of the needling prefabricated body, and carrying out the needling forming process; repeating the above process until the target needling preform thickness is reached;
preferably, in the step (3) of the second step, a six-joint needling robot is adopted for needling forming, and the position of the screen stripping plate is regulated and controlled by adjusting the length value of the tool coordinate of a needling head at the tail end of the needling robot; after each structural unit is formed by needling, the stripping plate lifts a height corresponding to the thickness value of one structural unit, and one structural unit is continuously laid above the structural unit formed by needling along the thickness direction of the needling prefabricated body for carrying out the needling forming process.
Preferably, in the step (3) of the second step, the structural unit consists of one layer of half-cut fiber cloth 1 and at least one layer of base cloth 3; the half-cut fiber cloth 1 is laid above all the base cloth 3 and positioned at the top of the structural unit;
preferably, in the step (3) of the second step, the straight cutting lines 2 on the half-cut fiber cloth 1 between the adjacent structural units are arranged in parallel (as shown in fig. 3) or perpendicular (as shown in fig. 4), wherein the straight cutting lines 2 between the adjacent structural units do not overlap spatially when arranged in parallel.
Preferably, in the step (3) of the second step,the needling process parameters are as follows: the needling density is 10-20 needles/cm2The needling depth is 15-20 mm.
Preferably, the fiber raw materials of the fiber cloth and the base cloth 3 are quartz fibers or carbon fibers; the fiber cloth and the base cloth 3 are both woven fabrics, and the fabric structure is plain weave, twill weave or satin weave.
The invention also provides a high-volume-fraction high-performance needling preform (referred to as needling preform for short) prepared by the preparation method of the high-volume-fraction high-performance needling preform, which is characterized in that the needling preform is prepared by laminating and needling a structural unit consisting of half-cut fiber cloth 1 and base cloth 3; the cut short fibers in the half-cut fiber cloth 1 appear as thick-direction needle-punched fiber bundles 4 in the needle-punched preform.
As can be seen from fig. 2, under the action of the needles, the cut short fibers are brought into the thickness direction of the needled preform to form the needled fiber bundles 4 in the thickness direction, so that the layers of the needled preform are effectively connected.
The invention also provides application of the high-volume-fraction high-performance needling preform, which is characterized in that the high-volume-fraction high-performance quartz fiber needling preform is compounded with a quartz ceramic matrix to obtain a structural-functional integrated composite material with excellent mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, and the structural-functional integrated composite material is applied to an antenna cover part of a high-speed aircraft; or carrying out chemical vapor deposition on the high-volume-fraction high-performance carbon fiber needled preform, and densifying to obtain the carbon/carbon composite material, which is applied to the brake disc of the high-speed rail train.
Example 1
A high volume fraction high performance quartz fiber needled preform (needled felt) having a volume fraction of 35.0% and a thickness of 3.6 mm. The needling prefabricated body consists of two structural units, each structural unit consists of a layer of half-cut fiber cloth 1 and four layers of base cloth 3, and the half-cut fiber cloth 1 is laid above the four layers of base cloth 3; the surface density of the half-cut fiber cloth 1 is 285g/m2The structure is satin weave; the surface density of the base fabric 3 was 285g/m2The structure is twill weave.
Preparing a high-volume-fraction high-performance quartz fiber needling preform by the following steps:
step one, preparing half-cut fiber cloth 1: the quartz fiber cloth is laid on an automatic cutting bed, the cutting bed drives a cutter to cut the quartz fiber cloth at equal intervals in one direction of the warp direction or the weft direction according to a designed cutting track, and adjacent straight cutting lines 2 are arranged in a staggered mode;
in the direction perpendicular to the straight cutting lines, the distance between two adjacent straight cutting lines 2 is 20 mm; the length of the straight cutting line 2 is 30 mm; the cutting speed was 12 m/min.
Step two, needle punching forming: laying a layer of half-cut fiber cloth 1 on four layers of base cloth 3 to form a structural unit; then the needling depth is 20mm, and the needling density is 20 needles/cm2The process parameters of (2) are formed by needling; after the structural unit is formed by needling, continuously laying the same structural unit above the structural unit formed by needling along the thickness direction of the needled preform, and then carrying out needling forming according to the same needling process parameters to obtain the quartz fiber needled preform.
Example 2
A high volume fraction high performance quartz fiber needled preform (needled felt) having a volume fraction of 37.3% and a thickness of 3.7 mm. The needling prefabricated body consists of two structural units, each structural unit consists of a layer of half-cut fiber cloth 1 and four layers of base cloth 3, and the half-cut fiber cloth 1 is laid above the four layers of base cloth 3; the surface density of the half-cut fiber cloth 1 is 285g/m2The structure is twill weave; the surface density of the base fabric 3 was 285g/m2The structure is twill weave.
Preparing a high-volume-fraction high-performance quartz fiber needling preform by the following steps:
step one, preparing half-cut fiber cloth 1: the quartz fiber cloth is laid on an automatic cutting bed, the cutting bed drives a cutter to cut the quartz fiber cloth at equal intervals in one direction of the warp direction or the weft direction according to a designed cutting track, and adjacent straight cutting lines 2 are arranged in a staggered mode;
in the direction perpendicular to the straight cutting lines, the distance between two adjacent straight cutting lines 2 is 20 mm; the length of the straight cutting line 2 is 30 mm; the cutting speed was 12 m/min.
Step two, needle punching forming: laying a layer of half-cut fiber cloth 1 on four layers of base cloth 3 to form a structural unit; then the needling depth is 20mm, and the needling density is 20 needles/cm2The process parameters of (2) are formed by needling; after the structural unit is formed by needling, continuously laying the same structural unit above the structural unit formed by needling along the thickness direction of the needled preform, and then carrying out needling forming according to the same needling process parameters to obtain the quartz fiber needled preform.
Example 3
A high volume fraction high performance quartz fiber needled preform (needled felt) having a volume fraction of 35.9% and a thickness of 3.8 mm. The needling prefabricated body consists of two structural units, each structural unit consists of a layer of half-cut fiber cloth 1 and four layers of base cloth 3, and the half-cut fiber cloth 1 is laid above the four layers of base cloth 3; the surface density of the half-cut fiber cloth 1 is 285g/m2The structure is twill weave; the surface density of the base fabric 3 was 285g/m2The structure is twill weave.
Preparing a high-volume-fraction high-performance quartz fiber needling preform by the following steps:
step one, preparing half-cut fiber cloth 1: the quartz fiber cloth is laid on an automatic cutting bed, the cutting bed drives a cutter to cut the quartz fiber cloth at equal intervals in one direction of the warp direction or the weft direction according to a designed cutting track, and adjacent straight cutting lines 2 are arranged in a staggered mode;
in the direction perpendicular to the straight cutting lines, the distance between two adjacent straight cutting lines 2 is 30 mm; the length of the straight cutting line 2 is 30 mm; the cutting speed was 12 m/min.
Step two, needle punching forming: laying a layer of half-cut fiber cloth 1 on four layers of base cloth 3 to form a structural unit; then the needling depth is 20mm, and the needling density is 20 needles/cm2The process parameters of (2) are formed by needling; after the structural unit is formed by needling, the structural unit is formed by needling along the thickness direction of the needling prefabricated bodyAnd continuously laying the same structural unit above the structural unit, and carrying out needling forming according to the same needling process parameters to obtain the quartz fiber needling preform.
Example 4
A high volume fraction high performance quartz fiber needled preform (needled felt) having a volume fraction of 38.2% and a thickness of 3.6 mm. The needling prefabricated body consists of two structural units, each structural unit consists of a layer of half-cut fiber cloth 1 and four layers of base cloth 3, and the half-cut fiber cloth 1 is laid above the four layers of base cloth 3; the surface density of the half-cut fiber cloth 1 is 285g/m2The structure is twill weave; the surface density of the base fabric 3 was 285g/m2The structure is twill weave.
Preparing a high-volume-fraction high-performance quartz fiber needling preform by the following steps:
step one, preparing half-cut fiber cloth 1: the quartz fiber cloth is laid on an automatic cutting bed, the cutting bed drives a cutter to cut the quartz fiber cloth at equal intervals in one direction of the warp direction or the weft direction according to a designed cutting track, and adjacent straight cutting lines 2 are arranged in a staggered mode;
in the direction perpendicular to the straight cutting lines, the distance between two adjacent straight cutting lines 2 is 40 mm; the length of the straight cutting line 2 is 40 mm; the cutting speed was 12 m/min.
Step two, needle punching forming: laying a layer of half-cut fiber cloth 1 on four layers of base cloth 3 to form a structural unit; then the needling depth is 20mm, and the needling density is 20 needles/cm2The process parameters of (2) are formed by needling; after the structural unit is formed by needling, continuously laying the same structural unit above the structural unit formed by needling along the thickness direction of the needled preform, and then carrying out needling forming according to the same needling process parameters to obtain the quartz fiber needled preform.
Comparative example
A quartz fiber needled preform (needled felt) having a volume fraction of 26.8% and a thickness of 5.6 mm. The needling prefabricated body is composed of two structural units, and each structural unit is composed of oneThe quartz net tire is laid above the four layers of base cloth 3; the surface density of the quartz net base is 285g/m2The structure is twill weave; the surface density of the base fabric 3 was 285g/m2The structure is twill weave.
The preparation of the needled preform was as follows: laying a layer of quartz net tire on the four layers of base cloth 3 to form a structural unit; then the needling depth is 20mm, and the needling density is 20 needles/cm2The process parameters of (2) are formed by needling; after the structural unit is formed by needling, continuously laying the same structural unit above the structural unit formed by needling along the thickness direction of the needled preform, and then carrying out needling forming according to the same needling process parameters to obtain the quartz fiber needled preform.
The volume fractions of the resulting needled preforms and the in-plane tensile strength and interlaminar peel strength tested with reference to GJB 1867-64 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Volume fraction | In-plane tensile strength MPa | Interlaminar peel strength N/mm | |
| Comparative example | 26.8％ | 17.1 | 6.7 |
| Example 1 | 35.0％ | 29.0 | 44.2 |
| Example 2 | 37.3％ | 25.0 | 45.9 |
| Example 3 | 35.9％ | 28.1 | 45.7 |
| Example 4 | 38.2％ | 26.4 | 63.3 |
As can be seen from table 1, the volume fraction of the needled preform of example 1 was increased by 30.5%, the in-plane tensile strength was increased by 69.6%, and the interlaminar peel strength was increased by 559.7%, relative to the comparative example; the volume fraction of the needled preform in example 2 was increased by 38.9%, the in-plane tensile strength was increased by 46.2%, and the interlaminar peel strength was increased by 585.1%; the volume fraction of the needled preform in example 3 was increased by 34.0%, the in-plane tensile strength was increased by 64.3%, and the interlaminar peel strength was increased by 582.1%; the volume fraction of the needled preform of example 4 increased by 42.5%, the in-plane tensile strength increased by 54.4%, and the interlaminar peel strength increased by 844.8%.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a high volume fraction high performance needled preform, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparing half-cut fiber cloth: laying the fiber cloth on a cutting bed, and cutting the fiber cloth by the cutting bed according to a designed cutting track to form half-cut fiber cloth;
the cutting track is composed of a plurality of identical and mutually parallel straight cutting lines; all the straight cutting lines are parallel to one direction of the warp direction or the weft direction of the half-cut fiber cloth, and all the yarns in the direction perpendicular to the straight cutting lines are cut into short fibers through the straight cutting lines;
step two, needle punching forming: laying the half-cut fiber cloth on a base cloth to form a structural unit; then needling the structural unit according to a needling program and needling process parameters; after the structural unit is formed by needling, continuously laying a structural unit above the structural unit formed by needling along the thickness direction of the needling prefabricated body, and carrying out the needling forming process; the above process is repeated until the target needled preform thickness is reached.
2. The method for preparing a high volume fraction high performance needled preform according to claim 1, wherein the fiber raw material of the fiber cloth and the base cloth is quartz fiber or carbon fiber; the fiber cloth and the base cloth are both woven fabrics, and the fabric structure is plain weave, twill weave or satin weave.
3. The method for preparing a high volume fraction high performance needled preform according to claim 1, wherein the first step is specifically:
(1) generating a cutting program: designing a cutting track by adopting AUTOCAD software; exporting the cutting track into a dwg format file in AUTOCAD software; opening the dwg file by using the design software DESIGNCCONCEPT TECHEX of the Li Ke cutting bed, endowing cutting lines according to a sketch, and respectively storing the cut lines as a xin file and a dat file; loading the xin file and the dat file by using a Like cutting bed typesetting software DIAMINO TECHEX for typesetting to generate MKX and PLX cutting program files;
(2) cutting: laying the fiber cloth on a rick cutting bed, and ensuring that warp yarns and weft yarns of the fiber cloth are parallel to an X axis and a Y axis of a plane rectangular coordinate system of the cutting bed; loading MKX and PLX cutting program files; and setting cutting speed, starting the cutting bed, and driving the cutter to cut the fiber cloth according to the designed cutting track by the cutting bed to form half-cut fiber cloth.
4. The method for preparing a high volume fraction high performance needled preform according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, adjacent straight cut lines are disposed in a staggered manner with respect to each other in a direction parallel to the straight cut lines, and there is a portion where adjacent straight cut lines overlap in a direction perpendicular to the straight cut lines.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the first step, the straight cut lines are located at the gaps between the yarns.
6. The method for preparing a high-volume-fraction high-performance needled preform according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the distance between two adjacent straight cut lines is the same in the direction perpendicular to the straight cut lines, and all the yarns in the direction perpendicular to the straight cut lines are cut into staple fibers of the same length; the distance between two adjacent straight cutting lines is 20-40 mm.
7. The method for preparing a high volume fraction high performance needled preform according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the generating of the needling process comprises the steps of:
(1) designing a needling track: calculating the needling stepping amount according to the needling density requirement and the arrangement pattern of the needle plate; designing the positions of the needling points by adopting AUTOCAD software according to the needling stepping amount, and sequentially outputting coordinate values of the needling points in a workpiece coordinate system;
(2) and (3) generating a needling program: and converting the coordinate values of the needling points in the workpiece coordinate system into coordinate values in the world coordinate system of the needling robot, and compiling an executable program of the needling robot according to the motion instruction of the needling robot and the pose information of the needling points.
8. The method for preparing a high volume fraction high performance needled preform according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, said structural unit is composed of one ply of half-cut fiber cloth and at least one ply of base cloth; the half-cut fiber cloth is laid above all the base cloth and is positioned at the top of the structural unit.
9. The method for preparing a high volume fraction high performance needled preform according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the straight cut lines on the half-cut fiber cloth between adjacent structural units are disposed parallel or perpendicular to each other, wherein when disposed parallel, the straight cut lines between adjacent structural units do not spatially coincide; the needling process parameters are as follows: the needling density is 10-20 needles/cm2The needling depth is 15-20 mm.
10. A high volume fraction high performance needled preform prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the needled preform is formed by laminated needling of structural units consisting of half-cut fiber cloth and base cloth; the cut staple fibers in the half-cut fiber cloth appear as thick-wise needled fiber bundles in the needled preform.
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