CN113634902B - A gas-assisted laser processing method for removing stealth coatings on aircraft surfaces - Google Patents
A gas-assisted laser processing method for removing stealth coatings on aircraft surfaces Download PDFInfo
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- CN113634902B CN113634902B CN202111144408.2A CN202111144408A CN113634902B CN 113634902 B CN113634902 B CN 113634902B CN 202111144408 A CN202111144408 A CN 202111144408A CN 113634902 B CN113634902 B CN 113634902B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于去除飞机表面隐身涂层的气体辅助激光加工方法，包括以下步骤：1)将表面涂覆隐身涂层的待处理飞机表面样件，固定于工作平台上，覆有涂层的一面对准激光清洗头；2)气体辅助保护装置包括主装置和尾部装置，从保护气进气口通入惰性气体，在隐身涂层表面区域形成惰性气体保护层；3)采用脉冲激光器进行隐身涂层的去除；4)关闭激光器和气体辅助保护装置，将样件表面的残余废料清理干净，取出样件；5)若隐身涂层没有完全去除，重复上述步骤1)至4)。本发明技术具有精度高、快速高效、不损伤基体、可用于大面积去除等优势；通过气体辅助保护装置，保障了激光去除过程的安全性，有效地提高了飞机表面隐身涂层的去除质量。
The invention discloses a gas-assisted laser processing method for removing a stealth coating on the surface of an aircraft. One side of the coating is aligned with the laser cleaning head; 2) The gas-assisted protection device includes a main device and a tail device, and an inert gas is introduced from the protective gas inlet to form an inert gas protective layer on the surface area of the stealth coating; 3) Using Pulse laser to remove the stealth coating; 4) Turn off the laser and gas-assisted protection device, clean the residual waste on the surface of the sample, and take out the sample; 5) If the stealth coating is not completely removed, repeat the above steps 1) to 4 ). The technology of the invention has the advantages of high precision, fast efficiency, no damage to the substrate, and can be used for large-area removal; the gas-assisted protection device ensures the safety of the laser removal process and effectively improves the removal quality of the stealth coating on the surface of the aircraft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of advanced laser manufacturing of airplane surfaces, in particular to a gas-assisted laser processing method for removing a stealth coating on the airplane surface.
Background
The stealth technology is the latest achievement of the modern advanced scientific technology and has important significance in military affairs. By coating the stealth coating on the surface of the weaponry, radar, infrared, audio and other optical, electrical, magnetic and other characteristic signals can be reduced, so that the weaponry is difficult to find, track, identify and attack, and the penetration resistance and the survivability of the weaponry can be effectively improved. However, after a long period of service, the stealth coating gradually ages, cracks, even falls off and the like, so that the stealth coating fails, and therefore, after a certain period of service, the stealth coating on the surface of the weapon equipment must be quickly removed and recoated.
Compared with the traditional methods such as a mechanical polishing technology, a chemical treatment technology and the like, the laser removal technology has the advantages of non-contact, high precision, good removal effect, no damage to a substrate, suitability for large-area removal and the like. However, for laser removal of the stealth coating, the coating is generally thick and reaches mm level due to the wave absorption function requirement of the material, a large amount of sparks caused by excessive ablation often occur in the removal process, the environmental pollution is large, and the safety hazard of fire is brought to the fatal condition.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a gas-assisted laser processing method for removing stealth coatings on aircraft surfaces.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the laser removal quality of a stealth coating through gas assistance comprises the following steps:
1) fixing an airplane surface sample piece to be processed, the surface of which is coated with a stealth coating, on a working platform, and aligning one surface coated with the coating to a laser cleaning head;
2) the gas auxiliary protection device comprises a main device and a tail device, wherein the main device is of a vent pipe structure, the tail device is an auxiliary vent pipe, a main protection gas inlet is formed in the main device, a tail protection gas inlet is formed in the tail device, inert gas is introduced from the main protection gas inlet and the tail protection gas inlet, and an inert gas protection layer is formed in the surface area of the stealth coating;
3) removing the stealth coating by adopting a pulse laser;
4) closing the laser and the gas auxiliary protection device, cleaning the residual waste on the surface of the sample piece, and taking out the sample piece;
5) if the stealth coating is not completely removed, repeating the steps 1) to 4) until the stealth coating is completely removed.
Preferably, the inert gas in step 2) is any one or a combination of several of helium, neon and argon.
Preferably, in the step 3), the laser wavelength range is 200 nm-10.6 μm, and the output power range is 10% -100%.
Preferably, the pulsed laser in step 3) is CO2Laser, Nd: YAG laser or fiber laser, the power range of the pulse laser is 100W-500W.
Preferably, in the step 3), the laser processing is performed by using a round laser spot or a square laser spot.
Further preferably, the diameter of the circular laser spot in the step 3) is 1mm to 20mm, and the side length of the square laser spot is 1mm to 25 mm.
Preferably, the pulse width range in the step 3) is 2 ns-400 ns, and the pulse frequency range is 10 Hz-5000 kHz.
Preferably, the scanning speed in the step 3) ranges from 1000mm/s to 9000mm/s, and the line spacing ranges from 0.01mm to 5 mm.
Preferably, the average power density of the laser in the step 3) is in a range of 50W/cm2～500W/cm2。
Further, the airplane surface sample piece in the step 1) is made of metal materials such as aluminum alloy and titanium alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method adopts a laser means to remove the stealth coating on the surface of the airplane, and the laser beam acts on the coating to enable the interior of the coating to generate lattice vibration so as to be stripped from the surface of the sample piece.
(2) According to the invention, through the gas auxiliary protection device and the inert gas protection layer formed on the surface of the coating, the laser action area is enabled to effectively isolate oxygen, the generation of sparks in the ablation process is obviously inhibited, the safety of the laser removal process is ensured, and the removal quality of the stealth coating on the surface of the airplane is effectively improved. The processing target of green environmental protection, safety and reliability is further realized, and the removing quality of the surface coating can be effectively improved, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the surface of the airplane is ensured.
(3) The method can also be applied to the fields of aircraft skin paint layer removal, metal welding and the like, and has important significance for ensuring the processing safety and improving the processing quality.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas-assisted laser machining method of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-an airplane surface sample piece, 2-a stealth coating, 3-a laser cleaning head, 4-an inert gas protective layer, 5-a gas auxiliary protection main device, 6-a main protective gas inlet, 7-a gas auxiliary protection tail device and 8-a tail protective gas inlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The gas-assisted laser processing method for removing the stealth coating on the surface of the airplane comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting an aluminum alloy wire of a to-be-processed airplane surface sample piece 12024 with the surface coated with the stealth coating 2 to a proper size, fixing the to-be-processed airplane surface sample piece on a working platform through a clamp, and aligning one surface coated with the coating to a laser cleaning head 3;
secondly, opening a switch of the gas auxiliary protection device, introducing helium gas from a main protection gas inlet and a tail protection gas inlet, and forming a uniform gas protection layer in the surface area of the stealth coating;
thirdly, adopting 100W CO2The laser removes the stealth coating, and the high-speed motion of the X and Y galvanometers acts the laser energy on the surface of the coating in a two-dimensional arrangement mode. A circular laser spot with the diameter of 5mm is selected for laser processing, the laser wavelength is 10.6 mu m, and the output power is 50%. The pulse width was set to 100ns and the pulse frequency was set to 100 kHz. Removing the stealth coating by point-by-point, line-by-line and surface-by-surface laser scanning, wherein the scanning speed of a laser spot is set to 2000mm/s, the line spacing is set to 0.05mm, and the average power density of laser is 100W/cm2；
Fourthly, closing the laser and the gas auxiliary protection device, cleaning up residual waste on the surface of the sample piece, and taking out the sample piece;
and fifthly, if the stealth coating is not completely removed, repeating the first step to the fourth step until the stealth coating is completely removed.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram of a gas-assisted laser processing method of the present invention, a gas-assisted protection device includes a main device 5 and a tail device 7, the main device is a vent pipe structure, the tail device is an auxiliary vent pipe for ensuring a sufficient inert gas environment, a main shielding gas inlet 6 is disposed on the main device 5, a tail shielding gas inlet 8 is disposed on the tail device 7, and an inert gas is introduced from the main shielding gas inlet 6 and the tail shielding gas inlet 8, so as to form an inert gas protection layer 4 on a surface region of a stealth coating.
Example 2
Firstly, cutting a 7075 aluminum alloy wire with a stealth coating coated on the surface to a proper size, fixing the aluminum alloy wire on a working platform through a clamp, and aligning one surface coated with the coating to a laser cleaning head;
secondly, opening a switch of the gas auxiliary protection device, introducing neon from a main protection gas inlet and a tail protection gas inlet, and forming a uniform gas protection layer in the surface area of the stealth coating;
in the third step, the first step is,A300W Nd: YAG laser removes the stealthy coating, and the high-speed motion of X and Y galvanometers acts on the coating surface in a two-dimensional arrangement mode. A10 mm circular laser spot is selected for laser processing, the laser wavelength is 1064nm, and the output power is 80%. The pulse width was set to 6ns and the pulse frequency was set to 30 Hz. Removing the stealth coating by point-by-point, line-by-line and surface-by-surface laser scanning, wherein the scanning speed of a laser spot is set to 4000mm/s, the line spacing is set to 0.5mm, and the average power density of laser is 200W/cm2；
Fourthly, closing the laser and the gas auxiliary protection device, cleaning up residual waste on the surface of the sample piece, and taking out the sample piece;
and fifthly, if the stealth coating is not completely removed, repeating the first step to the fourth step until the stealth coating is completely removed.
Example 3
Firstly, cutting a TC4 titanium alloy wire with a stealth coating coated on the surface to a proper size, fixing the titanium alloy wire on a working platform through a clamp, and aligning one surface coated with the coating to a laser cleaning head;
secondly, opening a switch of the gas auxiliary protection device, and introducing argon gas from a main protection gas inlet and a tail protection gas inlet to form a uniform gas protection layer in the surface area of the stealth coating;
and thirdly, removing the stealth coating by adopting a 500W optical fiber laser, and enabling laser energy to act on the surface of the coating in a two-dimensional arrangement mode by the high-speed motion of the X and Y galvanometers. A2 mm circular laser spot is selected for laser processing, the laser wavelength is 1030nm, and the output power is 30%. The pulse width was set to 200ns and the pulse frequency was set to 200 kHz. Removing the stealth coating by point-by-point, line-by-line and surface-by-surface laser scanning, wherein the scanning speed of a laser spot is set to 6000mm/s, the line spacing is set to 0.02mm, and the average laser power density is 50W/cm2；
Fourthly, closing the laser and the gas auxiliary protection device, cleaning up residual waste on the surface of the sample piece, and taking out the sample piece;
and fifthly, if the stealth coating is not completely removed, repeating the first step to the fourth step until the stealth coating is completely removed.
Example 4
The gas-assisted laser processing method for removing the stealth coating on the surface of the airplane comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting a TC6 titanium alloy wire with a stealth coating coated on the surface to a proper size, fixing the titanium alloy wire on a working platform through a clamp, and aligning one surface coated with the coating to a laser cleaning head;
secondly, opening a switch of the gas auxiliary protection device, and respectively introducing helium and argon from a main protection gas inlet and a tail protection gas inlet to form a uniform gas protection layer on the surface area of the stealth coating;
and thirdly, removing the stealth coating by adopting a 100W optical fiber laser, and enabling laser energy to act on the surface of the coating in a two-dimensional arrangement mode by the high-speed motion of the X and Y galvanometers. A square laser spot with the diameter of 20mm is selected for laser processing, the laser wavelength is 200nm, and the output power is 60%. The pulse width was set to 400ns and the pulse frequency was set to 4000 kHz. Removing the stealth coating by point-by-point, line-by-line and surface-by-surface laser scanning, wherein the scanning speed of a laser spot is set to 3000mm/s, the line spacing is set to 5mm, and the average laser power density is 500W/cm2；
Fourthly, closing the laser and the gas auxiliary protection device, cleaning up residual waste on the surface of the sample piece, and taking out the sample piece;
and fifthly, if the stealth coating is not completely removed, repeating the first step to the fourth step until the stealth coating is completely removed.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving the laser removal quality of a stealth coating in a gas-assisted manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) fixing an airplane surface sample piece to be processed, the surface of which is coated with a stealth coating, on a working platform, and aligning one surface coated with the coating to a laser cleaning head;
2) the gas auxiliary protection device comprises a main device and a tail device, wherein the main device is of a vent pipe structure, the tail device is an auxiliary vent pipe, a main protection gas inlet is formed in the main device, a tail protection gas inlet is formed in the tail device, inert gas is introduced from the main protection gas inlet and the tail protection gas inlet, and an inert gas protection layer is formed in the surface area of the stealth coating;
3) removing the stealth coating by adopting a pulse laser;
4) closing the laser and the gas auxiliary protection device, cleaning the residual waste on the surface of the sample piece, and taking out the sample piece;
5) if the stealth coating is not completely removed, repeating the steps 1) to 4) until the stealth coating is completely removed;
the pulse width range in the step 3) is 2 ns-400 ns, and the pulse frequency range is 10 Hz-5000 kHz.
2. The method for improving the laser removal quality of the stealth coating in a gas-assisted mode according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas in the step 2) is any one or a combination of helium, neon and argon.
3. The method for improving the laser removal quality of the invisible coating through the assistance of the gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the laser wavelength ranges from 200nm to 10.6 μm, and the output power ranges from 10% to 100%.
4. The method for improving the laser removal quality of the stealth coating in a gas-assisted mode according to claim 1, wherein the pulse laser in the step 3) is CO2Laser, Nd: YAG laser or fiber laser, the power range of the pulse laser is 100W-500W.
5. The method for improving the laser removal quality of the stealth coating in a gas-assisted manner according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), a round laser spot or a square laser spot is selected for laser processing.
6. The method for improving the laser removal quality of the stealth coating in a gas-assisted mode according to claim 5, wherein the diameter of the circular laser spot in the step 3) is 1 mm-20 mm, and the side length of the square laser spot is 1 mm-25 mm.
7. The method for improving the laser removal quality of the stealth coating in a gas-assisted mode according to claim 1, wherein the scanning speed in the step 3) is in a range of 1000mm/s to 9000mm/s, and the line spacing is in a range of 0.01mm to 5 mm.
8. The method for improving the laser removal quality of the stealth coating in a gas-assisted mode according to claim 1, wherein the average power density of the laser in the step 3) is in a range of 50W/cm2～500W/cm2。
9. The method for improving the laser removal quality of the stealth coating in a gas-assisted mode according to claim 1, wherein the airplane surface sample in the step 1) is an aluminum alloy or a titanium alloy.
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| CN115921254B (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-10-20 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Aircraft surface radar laser wide-band stealth structure, preparation method and application |
| CN116748687B (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2025-11-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Laser removing method for stealth coating on surface of airplane capable of identifying damage response of substrate |
| CN117300373B (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2025-12-30 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | A laser etching process for special coatings based on CO2 lasers |
| CN117464203B (en) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-03-19 | 南京曼杰科电子工程有限公司 | Wave-absorbing material apparatus for producing |
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